ONI - oni ni naru become demon

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. Onipedia - 鬼ペディア　- Oni Demons - ABC-List - .
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oni ni naru　鬼になる to become a demon

When someone dies with a grudge or unfinished business in this world, he might become an Oni and carry on . . .
Some souls become yuurei 幽霊 Yurei ghosts.
In other social circumstances, it becomes necessary to turn into an Oni (devil's advocate) right away . . .

Not all Oni are bad, destructive, eating humans or causing much harm and trouble.
Some are quite nice, kind, helpful and benevolent.

. Benevolent and helpful Oni Demons 優しい鬼　yasashii oni .


. matagi 又鬼 / マタギ bear hunters .
- - - mata oni ni naru　又鬼　"I have to become a demon again"




He who eats human meat will become an Oni ? ???


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鬼になる器なれない器 ― 企業で勝ち上がる・独立するための34章
To be able to become an Oni or not - 34 chapters to survive in business and become independent
里中李生 Satonaka Risho
- - - - - Contents
第１部　勝ち上がりたいなら、鬼になれ
サディズム無き者は去れ/給料をむさぼる「サル」になっていないか/三くだり半を突きつける「客」たち/"癒し"という罠に、はまっていないか/バブル入社組よ、弱者の幻影にすがるな

第２部　女人に対し鬼になれるか
"膣外射精"の屈辱を卒業しろ/まず、財布は"女人禁制"から始めよ/"パチンコ主義"では一生貧乏だ/年金国家に裏切られない法/所得が少ない時はどう切り抜けるのか

第３部　快楽を極める鬼になれ
快適を求めずして、大成功なし/大金を動かす緊張と快楽を知れ/あなたの成功を完成させる「妄想」とは？/20代で磨かれる、これだけの感性/決してあなたが命を賭けてはいけない会社

第４部　あなたが鬼才を発揮するために
逆転人生へ導く「才能開花」とは何か/"鬼才"のきっかけは、こう作れ/友人を切り離す快楽を知っているか/クビ切り時代こそ、電脳武装せよ/トヨタ神話に追随してはいけない理由

第５部　己れの道は鬼に通ず
リーダーたるもの、札付きのワルであれ/「出来損ない」の可能性に賭けてみよ/あなたの仕事、こう考えてみよ/こんな男とだけは決して付き合うな/こんな女だけは絶対近づけるな

第６部　信念なくして鬼才にあらず
私が会社をやめた理由/マンネリの宿命は、こう克服せよ/ファストフード主義では一流になれない/エディプスコンプレックス無き者は去れ/偽りのダンディズムを卒業しろ

第７部　鬼の道は独立にあり
今すぐ「プレッシャーの鬼」となる法/恐慌なくして大成功なし～「ナイスショット」を叫べ～/リストラ・倒産にあったら、必ずするべきこと/孤独・平凡こそを成功の王道とせよ～サラリーマン解放論～


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- kisai 鬼才 genius, "demon genius"


source : 16.tok2.com/home/ichinose... 一ノ瀬芳翠


. demon genius painter 河鍋暁斎 Kawanabe Kyosai .

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. kijin 鬼人 / onibito オニビト "human demon" .


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. Japanese Legends - 伝説　民話　昔話 – ABC-List .

Many humans turned Oni have a red face and some have an iron ring on the head.
Anyway, they all have fearful features.

............................................................................ Fukushima 福島県
二本松市 Nihonmatsu

. 安達が原の鬼女 Adachigahara Woman Demon, 鬼婆 Onibaba .
haunting the area of 黒塚 Kurozuka


............................................................................ Gifu 岐阜県
郡上郡 Kujo district

When the owner of a cat dies, the cat may become an Oni. But if the Buddhist priest performs special rites with his rosary and ritual fan, the cat will come back to itself.

............................................................................ Kagoshima 鹿児島県

姉弟二人のうち弟がいなくなった。集落の人が弟は鬼になって山にいると言うが、姉は信じようとしない。握り飯に針をさしたものを作り、それを食べるなら鬼だと教えられその通りにすると、全部おいしいといって食べた。姉は本当だと信じ、逃げると鬼が追いかけてきたが裏白のしげみにかくれて難を逃れた。また、ススキの根の赤いのは鬼の血だともいう。

............................................................................ Kumamoto 熊本県

If people hit a tea bowl, the gaki 餓鬼 hungry demons will come together. And maybe this person will become an Oni himself.


............................................................................ Kyoto 京都府

. Hashihime, Hashi Hime 橋姫 / はし姫 "Princess of the Bridge" .

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soogenbi 宗源火 Sogenbi  / ubagabi 姥ケ火 / 姥ヶ火
A 幽霊 ghost does not necessarily appear in the shape of a human being. Some become a bird, rat, insect or other animal,
and some become an Oni.
In the district of 京都西院 Saiin this is called Sogenbi fire or Ubagabi fire.
It is a kind of Onibi 鬼火 Demon Fire.



The ubagabi (姥ヶ火or 姥火,lit. "old woman's fire")
is an atmospheric ghost light told about in legends in the Kawachi Province (now Osaka Prefecture) and Tamba Province (now northern Kyoto Prefecture). They are mentioned in old litreature, such as the Tenpō period book the Shokoku Rijin Dan (諸国里人談) and Ihara Saikaku's collection of miscellaneous tales the Saikaku Shokoku Banashi (西鶴諸国ばなし) as well as Edo period kaidan books such as the Kokon Hyaku Monogatari Hyōban (古今百物語評判'), the Kawachi Kagami Meishōki (河内鑑名所記), and Toiryama Sekien's collection of yōkai depictions, the Gazu Hyakki Yagyō, among other mentions.
- According to the Shokoku Rijin Dan, on a rainy night, in Hiraoka, Kawachi (now Higashiōsaka, Osaka Prefecture), it would appear as a ball of fire with a length of one shaku (about 30 centimeters). It's said that in the past, an old woman stole oil from the Hiraoka Shrine and became a mysterious fire from a resulting curse.



Sōgenbi (叢原火 or 宗源火, lit. "religion source fire")
It was an onibi in Kyoto in Sekien Toriyama's Gazu Hyakki Yagyō. It was stated to be a monk who once stole from the Jizōdō in Mibu-dera who received Buddhist punishment and became an onibi, and the anguishing face of the priest would float inside the fire.　The name also appeared in the "Shinotogibōko," a collection of ghost stories from the Edo period.
- MORE in the wikipedia -

. onibi 鬼火 - Will-o'-the-wisp - kitsunebi 狐火 "fox fire" .


............................................................................ Nagano 長野県
下伊那郡 Shimo-Ina district　　阿智村 Achi

Is someone walks between the pine branches of a New Year decoration of 門松 Kadomatsu, he will turn into an Oni.


............................................................................ Nara 奈良県

. Ipponashi, the horse of Yoshitsune 一本足は義経の馬 .

- - - - - 猪笹王 (イノザサオウ) King Inozasa-O became an Oni
Inozasa was a huge wild boar living at 伯母峰峠 Obamine Toge pass in Nara. One day it was shot by the hunter
射場兵庫 Iba Hyogo. Tte Wild boar's 亡霊 ghost soul went to Kishu (Wakayama), to 湯の峰の温泉 the hot spring Yunomine and shape-shifted into a wandering Samurai, to heal his wounds. When the owner of the lodging peeked into the room at night, he saw a huge wild boar spread all over the floor. Later the ghost soul became 一本足の鬼 an Ippondatara Oni with one leg. It went back to Obamine and begun to feed on travelers.
Saint Tansei 丹誠上人 could finally appease the soul. But every year on the 20th day of the 12th lunar month,
the day when all appeased Oni become free for one day, it could come back to this world.
This day is called
. hate no hatsuka 果ての二十日 the final day 20 of the year .


source : tyz-yokai.blog.jp/archives....

猪笹王［いのささおう］ Inosasa-O

- another version of this legend:
source : vill.kamikitayama.nara.jp/kanko...

. Ippondatara いっぽんだたら in Totsukawa village, Nara .



............................................................................ Niigata 新潟県
十日町市 Tokamachi town 松代町 Matsushiromachi

Seijuuroo セイジュウロウ Seijuro
In the hamlet of 池尻集落 Ikejiri lived a man called Seijuro. One evening he heared a voice at the door calling "Hello, Good evening!" and when he opened, he was kidnapped by 魔物 an ogre.
One year later he came back, but by then he had become an Oni.


............................................................................ Okayama　岡山県
新見市　 Niimi

. Shuten Dooji 酒呑童子 Shuten Doji "Sake Child" Demon .
- legend from the hamlet下熊谷 Shimokumatani in Niimi.


............................................................................ Wakayama 和歌山県

. Hyooze no Matsuwaka 兵生の松若と伝説 Matsuwaka from Hyoze .
Hyoze is a small hamlet in Wakayama, bordering to Nara, in the 果無山脈 Hatenashi mountain range and
near 安堵山 Mount Andosan.


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- reference : nichibun yokai database 妖怪データベース -

- reference - 鬼になる　-

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. Onipedia - 鬼ペディア　- Oni Demons - ABC-List - .

. Tengu 天狗と伝説 Tengu legends "Long-nosed Goblin" .

. - yookai, yōkai 妖怪 Yokai monsters - .

. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

. Mingei 民芸　Regional Folk Art from Japan .

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Posted By Gabi Greve to Kappa - The Kappapedia on 8/12/2017 09:39:00 am

HEIAN - Hyoze no Matsuwaka - legend

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. Japanese legends and tales 伝説　民話 昔話 - Introduction .
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Hyooze no Matsuwaka 兵生の松若と伝説 Matsuwaka from Hyoze

Hyoze is a small hamlet in Wakayama, bordering to Nara, in the 果無山脈 Hatenashi Sanmyaku mountain range and 安堵山 Mount Andosan.
It can be reached from 福定 Fukusada and sometimes even bears roam in the deep forests surrounding it.


source : michi-oto.com/kodo/hyoze-sato1...

There used to be a sub-shrine of 春日神社 Kasuga Jinja in the forest and once a year the villagers come for special rituals.
The shrine is usually not visited by tourists.


source : michi-oto.com/kodo/hyoze-sato1...


. How Mount Hatenashi 果無山 got its name - Legend .

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兵生の松若 Hyoze no Matsuwaka

Once upon a time
there lived a very tall man in the forest of Hyoze, called 松若 Matsuwaka.
Once he went down to the village to get some salt. When he stretched out his hand a huge amount of salt would fit in.
During the 日露戦争 Russo-Japanese war (1904 - 1905) he was to be recruited by the army, but he never came to join.
Some other stories talk about a wolf who had bitten of one of his arms.

While Matsuwaka lived in the deep forest, he ate many strange things to survive and eventually 鬼になった became an Oni Demon.

. oni ni naru　鬼になる to become a demon .





Matsuwaka became known as the 山の妖怪 Yokai Forest Monster of Hyoze.
When he was born, the baby soon had all his teeth and long hair hanging down to his shoulders. He grew much faster then other babies and had a great appetite for any kind of food.
At age ten he realized that he would be a burden on his family and went off into the deep forest to live there.
Many years later a group of thieves haunted the village. Matsuwaka, who had become big like a demon, went down to the village to take care of the problem.
He soon killed all the thieves and thugs.

But after that, he was never seen again.
Sometimes villagers in Hyoze can hear him shout in the winter mountains - うおお～ UOOOOOOOO !

- reference source : nwn.jp/feature/20170722_wakamatu -



source : michi-oto.com/densetsu/hyoze-matsuwaka...

ある日のこと、山にこだまするほどの産声をあげながら、大きな男の子が産まれた。ひらいた口には歯がそろい、黒々した髪の毛が首筋まで伸びておったそうや。
「松若」と名付けられたその子は、ひと月もすると太い足をふんばって歩き始めた。それから数年、日ごとにたくましく育っていくが、誰もが驚くほどの大めし喰らい。家族の分まですっかり喰らってしまう松若に、親きょうだいはほとほと困り果てたんやと。

「わしが家におったら、みなが飢えてしまう」

松若は、そう思うたんやな。
だんだんと一人で山へこもるようになって、十歳になる頃には夜になっても帰らんようになった。村の男らは時おり、山の奥で獣を追いかける松若を見かけたそうや。裸の体はいっそう大きく育って、木々の間を走り抜けて巨岩を軽々と飛び越えていった。男らは目を見張って「ありゃ、松若じゃ」「鬼になったんじゃ」と言い合ったんやと。

ある夜、兵生に盗賊が押し寄せてきた。集団で荒しまわられて、村の衆は逃げまどうしかない。必死の思いで安堵山へ逃げ込んだ数人が、「松若よぉー、松若よぉー」とおがった（叫んだ）。すると「うおーい」という低い声とともに突風が吹いて、獣のような何かが転がるように走り込んできた。
松若や。

その大きな体は一瞬にして森を走り抜け、里にたどり着くと盗賊を次々となぎ倒した。松ヤニで塗り固められた松若の巨体は、刀さえはじき飛ばしたんや。

おかげで村は、難を逃れることができた。
村の衆はそりゃ喜んだ。松若に食わしちゃろと、米を持ち寄って餅をついてやったそうや。ほいたら松若は「餅はいらんさか、塩をくれよ。わしも塩がなけりゃ生きられんのや」と言うた。そこで、さっそく塩をかき集めて持たしてやると、茶色く節くれだった両手で大事そうに受け取った。

そして「なんぞあったら、安堵山でわしの名をおがれよ。助けにくるさか」って言うと、塩の袋を肩に担いで山に帰っていった。その背中が見えなくなるまで、村の衆はじっと見送っていたんやて。

それから、松若の姿を見た者はないんやが。
ただ、しんと冷えた冬の夜にな「うぉお、うぉお」っていう悲しそうな声が、山の方から響いてくることがあったそうや。
そんな時、すっかり年老いてしもた松若の母親は、「松若よぉ、松若よぉ」って家の前で声をふりしぼって呼んでたんやて。
source : michi-oto.com/densetsu/hyoze-matsuwaka...





Autumn festival at the Shrine Kasuga Jinja.


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- - - - - Hyooze, Hyoze - Not to mix with

. Hyōzu 兵主神 Hyozu no Kami - Deity of Wind and Weapons .


. Legends about Kobo Daishi Kukai - 弘法大師　空海 - 伝説 .

. Japanese legends and tales 伝説　民話　昔話 - Introduction .

- Yookai 妖怪 Yokai Monsters of Japan -
- Introduction -

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Posted By Gabi Greve to Heian Period Japan on 8/16/2017 09:44:00 am

GOKURAKU - hitokui Jizo man-eating

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- Jizo Bosatsu 地蔵菩薩 - ABC-List -
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hitokui Jizoo 人食い地蔵 Hitokui "man-eating" Jizo
積善院準提堂 Shakuzen-In Juntei-Do
京都市左京区吉田近衛町69 / 69 Yoshidakonoechō, Sakyō-ku, Kyōto

The official name of this Jizo is
Sutoku-In Jizoo 崇徳院地蔵

The pronunciation of Sutokuin changed to Hitokuin and
then finally to ひとくい Hitokui.
Written with Chinese characters, hitokui 人食い comes to mean "man-eating".


This Jizo has been venerated to appease the vengeful spirit of
. Sutoku Tenno, Sotoku 崇徳天皇 (1119 - 1142) .










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準提堂 Juntei-Do Hall is a hall dedicated to Juntei Kannon - 准胝観音 Jundei Kannon (Sunde) .

. Jundei Kannon, Juntei Kannon 准胝 観音 .
Within the six realms of existence, he saves mankind.

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. hitokui Ebisu 人喰いエビス man-eating Ebisu .


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- Jizo Bosatsu 地蔵菩薩 - Introduction -

. Pilgrimages to Jizo Bosatsu 地蔵菩薩 - 地蔵霊場 Jizo Reijo .

. Legends about Jizo Bosatsu - 地蔵菩薩 .




. Join the Jizo Bosatsu Gallery - Facebook .



. O-Mamori お守り　Amulets and Talismans .

. Japan - Shrines and Temples - ABC List .


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- - - #jizohitokui #hitokuijizo #sutokuinjizo #sutokuin - - -
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Posted By Gabi Greve to Gokuraku - Jigoku on 8/10/2017 01:50:00 pm

GOKURAKU - Taizan Fukun Hell King

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. Juu Oo 十王, Juo, Ju-O - 10 Ten Kings of Hell .
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Taizan Fukun 泰山府君 / 太山府君 King of Hell
Taizan-O 太山王（泰山王） King Taizan
Daizan oo 泰山王 Daizan-O (incarnation of 薬師如来 Yakushi Nyorai)



He is a subordinate of Enmaten 焔摩天 King of Hell.
In Taoism he is called
東嶽大帝（仁聖大帝）Togaku Taitei

He resides in hell and keeps the books where the length of each human life is recorded.


. Sekizan Zen-In 赤山禅院 - Kyoto .
The principal deity, 赤山大明神 Sekizan Daimyojin, "Red-Mountain Shining-Deity", is a brought-back avatar or a double image of Taizanfukun 泰山府君 (Taizan Fukun) in Mt. Sekizan in China
ema 絵馬 votive tablet of 泰山府君 Taizan Fukun




Taizan-ō, 泰山王 King of Hell, Judge in the 7th week, 49th day 七七日49日


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Taizan Fukun - たいざん‐ふくん【泰山府君】 / 泰山王 Taizanoo
Taizan Fukun wird oft zusammen mit Emma als Paar neben einem Jizo Bosatsu dargestellt. In der wallenden Tracht eines chinesischen Richters der Sung-Zeit.
Meist sitzende Statuen mit furchterregendem Gesichtsausdruck. Er hält in der Hand ein Holzszepter mit zwei Köpfen auf einem Lotusblatt (jintoojoo, nintoojoo).

. 10 Höllenkönige (Jûô, juuoo, juo 十王) .
Gabi Greve



Seated statues are depicted with a wooden scepter holding two heads.
(This statue is from Todai-Ji.)


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- quote
泰山府君祭 Taizan Fukun no Sai
TRANSLATION:
the Taizan Fukun (Lord Taizan) ceremony
APPEARANCE:
Taizan Fukun no Sai is one of the most secret and powerful onmyōdō rituals. It is jealously guarded by the few who know it, and strongly coveted by those who don't.
ORIGIN:
This spell was developed in ancient China by Taoist philosophers. It is named for Lord Taizan, the god of the mountain Taishan in Shandong, China and one of the kings of hell. He is one of the most important deities in Onmyōdō. In this ritual, the supplicant beseeches Lord Taizan, Great King Enma, and the other judges of Meido and Jigoku to lengthen a person's life span, save someone from death, or even restore life to the dead. Gold, silver, silk, saddled horses, and human life—usually substitutes in the form of katashiro, or paper dolls—are offered to the gods. No mantras or magical worlds are spoken; the gods are simply invited to sit down and participate. A formal letter of request is read to them, detailing the offerings and the virtues of the supplicants, and the precise divine intervention desired.
The Abe clan was famous for their knowledge of this spell. It is one of the reasons they were able to maintain a monopoly on the imperial Bureau of Onmyōdō. Under their offices, this spell was routinely performed for the emperors in order to increase their life spans and protect the country.
LEGENDS:
Abe no Seimei is particularly famous for his use of Taizan Fukun no Sai. He resurrected his father, who was murdered by Ashiya Dōman, and used it many other times in the service of the emperor and country.
Once, a high ranking monk of Mii-dera known as Chikō fell gravely ill. It was determined that his illness was the result of karma, and thus could not be cured with medicine. Abe no Seimei was summoned. He divined Chikō's fortune, and discovered that death was imminent. However, Abe no Seimei said that if someone was willing to trade life spans with Chikō, he could perform the Taizan Fukun no Sai and save the priest's life.
The priests all looked at each other uncomfortably. As much as they loved and admired Chikō, nobody was willing to sacrifice his own life in order to save him. Finally, a young man named Shōkū—an average pupil who had been studying for many years yet had never attracted the attention of Chikō or the other teachers—stepped forward and offered his own life.
Abe no Seimei accepted the offer. He immediately performed the Taizan Fukun no Sai. Shōkū writhed in anguish, his life span shrinking away, while Chikō rapidly began to recover. Finally, Chikō was cured, and Shōkū lay on death's door. As the young pupil's last breath left his body, he prayed with all his heart to a nearby painting of Fudō Myōō. Just then, tears poured from the painted eyes of Fudō Myōō, and the god's voice was heard:
"If you would take the place of your teacher, then let me take your place instead."
Suddenly, Shōkū and Chikō sat up, both of then restored to life.
- source : yokai.com/taizanfukunnosai

. Abe no Seimei 阿倍晴明 (921 - 1005) .




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東嶽大帝（仁聖大帝）Togaku Taitei




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. O-Mamori お守り　Amulets and Talismans .


. Fudō Myō-ō, Fudoo Myoo-Oo 不動明王 Fudo Myo-O
Acala Vidyârâja - Vidyaraja - Fudo Myoo .

. 薬師如来 Yakushi Nyorai 薬師如来 Bhaisajyaguru - ABC .


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. Japanese Legends - 伝説　民話　昔話 – ABC-List .

................................................................................. Fukui 福井県　
遠敷郡 名田庄村

Osaisangitsune おさいざん狐 a fox names O-Saizan

加茂神社の岩の上にはおさいざん狐がいる。泰山府君の守り神で、白狐。狐の火の玉が泰山府君の天壇から加茂神社に飛ぶという。

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- reference : Nichibun Yokai Database -

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. Pilgrimages to Fudo Temples 不動明王巡礼
Fudo Myo-O Junrei - Fudo Pilgrims - INTRODUCTION .


. Japan - Shrines and Temples - Index .


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Posted By Gabi Greve to Gokuraku - Jigoku on 8/06/2017 02:51:00 pm

HEIAN - Empress Danrin Kachiko

- BACK to the Daruma Museum -
. ABC List of Heian Contents .
. Persons of the Heian Period .
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Danrin Koogoo 檀林皇后 empress Danrin Kogo
(786 - 850)
橘嘉智子 Tachibana no Kachiko
daughter of Tachibana no Kiyotomo 橘清友



- quote -
the empress consort of Emperor Saga.
According to some sources, she was involved in the conspiracy to accuse Crown Prince Tsunesada in 842 of attempting a coup, thus exiling him and making way for her own grandson Prince Michiyasu to take the throne as Emperor Montoku, in an event known as the Jôwa Incident.
Danrin
is said to have been extremely beautiful, and to have been distressed by the extent to which her beauty distracted Buddhist monks and others from their work or studies. According to legend, she committed suicide and left orders that her body be left unburied at a particular street corner, so that people would see her decaying body and be forced to think about the impermanence of life, beauty, and material desires.
- source : wiki.samurai-archives.com/index... -

She founded the Buddhist temple Danrin-Ji.

Danrin-ji (檀林寺) was Japan's first Zen temple, founded in Saga, Kyōto by order of Tachibana no Kachiko during the Jōwa era. The temple was destroyed by fire in 928, but was restored, and during the Muromachi period the temple was designated as one of Kyōto's five great Buddhist nunneries. The temple eventually fell into disrepair, and in 1339 construction of Tenryū-ji began on its grounds.
- source : wikipedia -

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"Nine Stages of Decomposition of the Heian Period Empress Danrin"
Danrin Koogoo Kusoozu 檀林皇后九相観 Danrin Kogo Kusozu
- source : commons.wikimedia.org/wiki... -
18th century Japanese scroll in the Honolulu Museum of Art, ex. Richard Lane Collection












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CLICK for more illustrations !

The nine stages are:

脹相（ちょうそう） - 死体が腐敗によるガスの発生で内部から膨張する。
壊相（えそう） - 死体の腐乱が進み皮膚が破れ壊れはじめる。
血塗相（けちずそう） - 死体の腐敗による損壊がさらに進み、溶解した脂肪・血液・体液が体外に滲みだす。
膿爛相（のうらんそう） - 死体自体が腐敗により溶解する。
青瘀相（しょうおそう） - 死体が青黒くなる。
噉相（たんそう） - 死体に虫がわき、鳥獣に食い荒らされる。
散相（さんそう） - 以上の結果、死体の部位が散乱する。
骨相（こつそう） - 血肉や皮脂がなくなり骨だけになる。
焼相（しょうそう） - 骨が焼かれ灰だけになる。
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !


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- Reference in Japanese 檀林皇后九相観 -
- Reference in English : empress danrin -

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. Legends - Heian Period (794 to 1185) - Introduction .

. Japanese legends and tales 伝説　民話　昔話 - Introduction .

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Posted By Gabi Greve to Heian Period Japan on 8/12/2017 02:24:00 pm

ONI - Shinto and Oni

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. Onipedia - 鬼ペディア　- Oni Demons - ABC-List - .
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Shinto and Oni 神道と鬼

. kami　神　Shinto deities / Japanese gods .
kami to oni 神と鬼 the Deities and Demons of Japan

. torii no oniko 鳥居の鬼コ Demons of the Shinto Toorii gates .
..... 鬼子 - also read as kishi and onigo

. jinja - list of Shinto shrines with ONI . *


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- quote -
Oni
A misshapen supernatural demon or devil visiting this world from the other world, bringing with it disaster or blessing. Due to their fearful spiritual power, oni were considered ambivalent beings possessing the power of both good and evil, and were thus the objects of both worship and avoidance. While the character for oni was read in China as gui and referred to the soul of a deceased person, it was read in Japan variously as oni (demon), mono (an indwelling spirit), or kami.

Based on the salient characteristics of beliefs about oni, the concept of oni can be classified into three main types:
(1) wicked spirits or evil kami,
(2) oni as foreigners or strangers, and
(3) oni as good kami.
The first type bring disaster, death, and plague, and initially were considered invisible beings, but later came to have visible forms. The Nihongi notes the practice of using peaches to ward off oni, a reflection of Chinese beliefs that peaches possessed the power to control noxious spirits and demons. Other expressions found include ashikimono ("evil spirits") and matsurowanukami ("unruly kami"), terms which are believed to refer to evil kami or the tutelaries of people who opposed kingly authority in ancient times.

In contrast, the Nihon ryōiki relate incidents of demons (mono) which caused insanity, and the "evil spirit of a slave" (ashiki yatsu no reiki) which caused death. In short, such expressions referred to departed spirits which had become oni and brought curses upon those still living. Such oni were believed to be the spirits of persons who carried resentments or malice during their lifetime; the spirits or ghosts of malicious or jealous women were thought to be particularly capable of becoming the female demons called hannya. Other demons included deniziens of hell, the bull-headed gozu and the horse-headed mezu.

According to Zeami's Fushikaden, oni appearing in Noh drama are either vengeful spirits (onryō) who possess human beings, or demons of hell. As the visible forms of oni were represented as misshapen and weird beings, popular iconography of oni was influenced by graphic portrayals of hell demons and , gaki, "hungry ghosts,"
as well as by the four-eyed Chinese zhuīnuó (Jp. tsuina) masks worn by the demon exorcists called
fangxiàng (Jp. hōsōshi).

Such rites of "demon exorcism" or tsuina were incorporated into the Buddhist rites of Shushōe and Shunie  (Omizutori) held early in the New Year; these rites featured exorcisms of demons using the power of Buddhist tutelaries such as Bishamon and heavenly bodhisattvas (hiten). These rites became popular observances on the last day of winter (setsubun), and resulted in the formation of stereotypical demon images such as Shutendōji.

A second type of oni is represented by marginalized persons, including foreigners, rebellious indigenous peoples, people drifting ashore in Japan, itinerant performers, religious thaumaturges, rebels, pirates, and mountain dwellers. According to the Nihongi, people thought to have been members of a northern people and called mishihase (or shukushin) were feared as "demons" (oni), and engaged in trade with the Yamato army through a form of Chinese "wordless exchange" which was called kishi  (lit., "demon market").

The Kokoncho monjū (ca. 1254) relates a tale of naked imigrants who came ashore at the island of Okushima in the Izu area, describing them as "demons" with wild hair, round-eyes and tall, dark red bodies. Practitioners of Onmyōdō (Chinese Yin-Yang divination) were likewise viewed as "demon-like" beings since they were believed to control familiar spirits (shikigami) and cast spells.

A third type of demon can be seen in present-day observances of the aforementioned rites of Shushōue and Shunie, and popular rites around the New Year. For example, the "Flower Festival" (Hanamatsuri) held in Shidara, Aichi Prefecture features dancers called "Sakaki-oni" which invoke blessings by stamping the ground and chasing away evil spirits.
Another example would be the visiting kami called namahage in Akita, represented by costumed performers wearing demon masks.
- source : Kawamura Kunimitsu, Kokugakuin -


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ashikimono 悪しき者　evil spirit
ashiki yatsu no reiki　悪しき奴の霊気

. gaki 餓鬼 "The Realm of Hungry Ghosts" .

. Gozu 牛頭 / Gozu Tennō 牛頭天王 .

. Hannya　般若 Hanya demon masks .

. hiten 飛天　flying Apsaras, divine nymphs .

matsurowanu kami まつろわぬ神　unruly Kami . 不順（まつろ）わぬ鬼神

mishihase 粛慎（しゅくしん、みしはせ、 あしはせ　(or shukushin)

. Mezu, Gozuki Mezuki 牛頭鬼馬頭鬼 .

. Namahage なまはげ　- ナマハゲ in Akita .

. onryoo 怨霊 / goryoo 御霊 "vengeful spirits" .
- Goryoo Matsuri 御霊祭 Goryo Festival 　

. sakaki oni 榊鬼 Sakaki demon . - Aichi

. Shikigami 式神 / シキガミ, Shiki no Kami 式の神 Shiki deity, demon or ghost .
- and Abe no Seimei 阿倍晴明 (921 - 1005) - Onmyo-Do

. Shuten Dooji 酒呑童子 Shuten Doji "Sake Child" Demon .

. tsuina 追儺 "demon exorcism" rituals .
- hoosooshi, hōsōshi 方相氏（ほうそうし）Hososhi, demon exorcist / - Setsubun　節分 - Shushōue and Shunie


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. Onipedia - 鬼ペディア　- Oni Demons - ABC-List - .

. Tengu 天狗と伝説 Tengu legends "Long-nosed Goblin" .

. - yookai, yōkai 妖怪 Yokai monsters - .

. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

. Mingei 民芸　Regional Folk Art from Japan .

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Posted By Gabi Greve to Kappa - The Kappapedia on 8/06/2017 09:46:00 am

EDO - Iidamachi district

[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo　江戸の名所 .
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Iidamachi, Iida-machi　飯田町 Iidamachi district and Kudanzaka

This district got its name during the time of Tokugawa Ieyasu.
In 1590, when Ieyasu inspected the area around his new residence in Edo, he found that in this area there lived only 17 farming families.
The head of one of them was 飯田喜兵衛 Iida Kihei,
who served as guide for Ieyasu. Kihei knew all the details of the area and could answer to all the questions of Ieyasu, so he was made headman of the area, and Ieyasu gave it his name, Iida-machi.


Iidamachi was later part of the Shitamachi downtown districts for the townspeople. One hill above it was called
飯田町中坂 Iidamachi Nakazaka



There was also the slope Kudanzaka 九段坂 on the hillside, which was called 飯田坂Iidazaka before the settlement of the nine sub-slopes.

The river along its borders was 飯田川 Iidagawa, with a bridge called 俎橋 Manaitabashi (lit. Chopping Board Bridge). The Manaita area was a busy river port, with a lot of food landing here.
Many people working for the kitchen of the Shogun (賄方 makanaikata) lived here.
The district was even jokingly called 台所町 Daidokoro-cho, "Kitchen district".


千代田村があって14軒の中の１軒が飯田喜兵衛 Home of Iida Kihei in Chiyoda-mura village

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. Iidabashi　飯田橋 Iidabashi Bridge .



Iidabashi Station (飯田橋駅 Iidabashi-eki)
is a major interchange railway station which straddles Tokyo's Chiyoda, Shinjuku and Bunkyō wards. It was originally built as Iidamachi Station (albeit in a slightly different location), terminus of the then Kobu railway, precursor to today's Chūō Line.

Iidamachi Station (飯田町駅 Iidamachi-eki)
was a railway station on the Chūō Main Line located in Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan.
Iidamachi Station was operated by Kōbu Railway, Japanese Government Railways, Japanese National Railways and Japan Freight Railway Company (JR Freight). Its location was 0.5 km from Suidōbashi Station and 0.4 km from Iidabashi Station.
The station was built in 1895 as the terminal of the Kōbu Railway, a predecessor of the present Chūō Main Line. It ceased to serve passengers in 1933, but continued to serve freight until 1997. - March 9, 1999 - Station officially closes.
After the closure, the site of the station was redeveloped and became a business district named I-Garden Air. One of the buildings in the area is the headquarters of JR Freight.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !





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Kudanzaka 九段坂　Kusansaka, Kudan slope


九段坂　- 牛ヶ淵　Kudanzaka Ushigabuchi
Utagawa, Hiroshige




東京名所　九段さかの灯籠 Kudanzaka Lighthouse (Kudanzaka tôrô)
広重、安藤徳兵エ Hiroshige III, Ando Tokobei

東京名所 Tokyo meisho
- source : mfa.org/collections -


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- quote
... luxury is said to have been prodigious when Tanuma Okitsugu was in power, but the commoners were still quite plainly dressed, as may be seen from the fact that among the inhabitants of Iidamachi Edo there was only a single person who possessed a haori (coat) and this gentleman was so afraid of gossip that he never put on the haori until out of sight of his neighbours.
----- The Economic Aspects of the History of the Civilization of Japan
By Yosaburō Takekoshi
- source : books.google.co.jp/books

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In the Nakazaka district lived the famous writer
. Takizawa Bakin 滝沢馬琴 / Kyokutei Bakin 曲亭馬琴 . (1767 - 1848)


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. Edo bakufu 江戸幕府 The Edo Government .

. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo　江戸の名所 .

. Doing Business in Edo - 商売　- Introduction .

. shokunin 職人 craftsman, craftsmen, artisan, Handwerker .

. Japanese Architecture - Interior Design - The Japanese Home .

. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .


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Posted By Gabi Greve to Edo - the EDOPEDIA - on 8/06/2017 09:48:00 am

EDO - Matsugae district

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. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo　江戸の名所 .
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Matsugaechoo　松枝町 / 松ヶ枝町 Matsugae-Cho district

In 大奥 Ōoku, the Women's quarters of the Edo castle lived an Elder Lady named 松ヶ枝 Matsugae.
In 1705, when she retired, this district was given to her to live.



Nearby is the pond Otamagaike お玉ヶ池 and Otama Inari Shrine　お玉稲荷.　
During the middle ages, this area was along the highway to Oshu, and there was a beautiful woman named Tama who served tea to travelers near the reservoir. 2 men proposed marriage to Tama, however she could not decide between them and drowned herself in the reservoir. It is said the village people dedicated the small shrine to Tama's spirit.
. Kanda Konyachō 神田紺屋町 Konya-Cho district .


source : saurus.coolpage.jp/Walking-Kanda...

Otama Inari Shrine　お玉稲荷　

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. Medicine in Edo .

Itoo Genboku 伊藤玄朴 Ito Genboku
(1801 – 1871)



He was born in Saga prefecture in 神埼仁比山 Kanzaki Niiyama.
A doctor and surgeon who had studied with Siebold. He lived in Matsugae district.
He was the first to use a cowpox vaccine.




- quote -
Tomb of Ito Genboku
Ito Genboku was a physician of Dutch medicine at the end of the Edo Period. He was born into an agricultural family from what is now Saga Prefecture in 1800. Wishing to become a doctor, he translated from the Dutch language and studied Western medicine under the German physician Philipp Franz von Siebold in Nagasaki.
He began his practice in Edo (present day Tokyo) in 1828 and, in 1831, became an official physician of the Saga Domain. From 1833, he began to receive many students and visitors at his residence-cum-school known as the Shosen-do located on Shitaya Izumibashi Street.
The central focus of his endeavors came to be the foundation of the first inoculation center in Edo. Built in 1858 in Kanda Otamagaike, it was relocated the following year in Ito's neighborhood on Shitaya Izumibashi Street. In 1860, the Bakufu government took over direct control of the center, renamed it the Seiyo Igaku sho (Institute of Western Medicine), and appointed Genboku in charge of its management. After the transition from Tokugawa rule to the Meiji State in 1868, the institute served as the predecessor of what is now
the University of Tokyo School of Medical Science.


In 1871 Ito Genboku died at the age of 72 and was buried here at Tenryu-in Temple.
- source : taito-culture.jp/city... -


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Philipp Franz Balthasar von Siebold 　フィリップ・フランツ・バルタザール・フォン・シーボルト
(1796 – 1866)
a German physician, botanist, and traveler. He achieved prominence by his studies of Japanese flora and fauna and the introduction of Western medicine in Japan. He was the father of the first female Japanese doctor, Kusumoto Ine.


- Arrival in Japan
On 28 June 1823, after only a few months in the Dutch East Indies, Siebold was posted as resident physician and scientist to Dejima, a small artificial island and trading post at Nagasaki, and arrived there on 11 August 1823. During an eventful voyage to Japan he only just escaped drowning during a typhoon in the East China Sea. As only a very small number of Dutch personnel were allowed to live on this island, the posts of physician and scientist had to be combined. Dejima had been in the possession of the Dutch East India Company (known as the VOC) since the 17th century, but the Company had gone bankrupt in 1798, after which a trading post was operated there by the Dutch state for political considerations, with notable benefits to the Japanese. ...
... In 1824, Siebold started a medical school in Nagasaki, the Narutaki-juku, that grew into a meeting place for around fifty students. They helped him in his botanical and naturalistic studies. The Dutch language became the lingua franca (common spoken language) for these academic and scholarly contacts for a generation, until the Meiji Restoration.
- Japanese family
During his stay in Japan, Siebold "lived together" with Kusumoto Taki (楠本滝), who gave birth to their daughter Kusumoto (O-)Ine in 1827. Siebold used to call his wife "Otakusa" (probably derived from O-Taki-san) and named a Hydrangea after her. Kusumoto Ine eventually became the first Japanese woman known to have received a physician's training and became a highly regarded practicing physician and court physician to the Empress in 1882. She died at court in 1903.
... Siebold Incident
In 1826 Siebold made the court journey to Edo. During this long trip he collected many plants and animals. But he also obtained from the court astronomer Takahashi Kageyasu several detailed maps of Japan and Korea (written by Inō Tadataka), an act strictly forbidden by the Japanese government. When the Japanese discovered, by accident, that Siebold had a map of the northern parts of Japan, the government accused him of high treason and of being a spy for Russia.
The Japanese placed Siebold under house arrest
and expelled him from Japan on 22 October 1829. Satisfied that his Japanese collaborators would continue his work, he journeyed back on the frigate Java to his former residence, Batavia, in possession of his enormous collection of thousands of animals and plants, his books and his maps. The botanical garden of Buitenzorg would soon house Siebold's surviving, living flora collection of 2,000 plants. ...
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !




- quote -
The Legend of Yoshitsune
Could Genghis Khan have actually been a Japanese samurai who went to Mongolia?
The first person who introduced this theory was a well known German Doctor, Philipp Franz Balthasar von Siebold (1796-1866), who was sent to Japan in 1823 by the Dutch government. He carried out research and established a Western style medical school in Edo period Japan while it was still under the rule of samurai.
In his seven volume series "Nippon," he wrote about Yoshitsune and Genghis Khan. During the Meiji period (1868-1912) after the modernization of Japan, some intelligentsia discussed this theory. However it was Oyabe Zenichiro's substantial bestseller of 1924, Genghis Khan wa Minamoto-no-Yoshitsune Nari [Genghis Khan was Yoshitsune] which made this theory known to the public.
- Harada Minoru -

. Genghis Khan (1162 - 1227) .

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. isha 医者, ishi 医師 doctors in Edo .

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. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .



oyako tanuki 親子狸 parent and child badger
o-tanuki san　おたぬきさん the honorable Tanuki

Once a Tanuki badger family, who lived near the pond Otama-ga-ike お玉ヶ池, close to 東紺屋町 Eastern Konya-Cho.
The original story tells of a wooden sculpture which the 6th Shogun Tokugawa Ienobu 徳川家宣 (1662 - 1712) gave his retainer hatamoto of the 河原林家 Kawarabayashi clan. After the Meiji Restauration, the estate of the clan had to be removed, so the Tanuki statues were given to the shrine.
Praying here brings good luck in all kinds of contests 勝負事.

. Yanagimori jinja 柳森神社 and Tanuki legends .

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- reference : nichibun yokai database -


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. Edo bakufu 江戸幕府 The Edo Government .

. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo　江戸の名所 .

. Kanda 神田 Kanda district .

. Doing Business in Edo - 商売　- Introduction .

. shokunin 職人 craftsman, craftsmen, artisan, Handwerker .

. Japanese Architecture - Interior Design - The Japanese Home .

. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .


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Posted By Gabi Greve to Edo - the EDOPEDIA - on 7/26/2017 12:50:00 pm