HEIAN - dokuro sharekobe skull

- BACK to the Daruma Museum -
. Japanese legends and tales 伝説　民話 昔話 - Introduction .
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dokuro 髑髏と伝説 Legends about the Skull
gashadokuro, gasha-dokuro がしゃどくろ "rattling skull
sharekoobe しゃれこうべ Sharekobe


. skull (dokuro, sharekoobe 髑髏) .
- Introduction and Haiku -



. Shigeru Mizuki (水木 しげる Mizuki Shigeru) .

- quote -
Gashadokuro, Gasha Dokuro がしゃどくろ
TRANSLATION: onomatopoeic; rattling skull
ALTERNATE NAMES: ōdokuro (giant skeleton)
HABITAT: any; usually found near mass-graves or battlegrounds
DIET: none, but enjoys eating humans anyway

APPEARANCE:
Gashadokuro are skeletal giants which wander around the countryside in the darkest hours of the night. Their teeth chatter and bones rattle with a "gachi gachi" sound, which is this yokai's namesake. If they should happen upon a human out late on the roads, the gashadokuro will silently creep up and catch their victims, crushing them in their hands or biting off their head.

ORIGIN:
Soldiers whose bodies rot in the fields and victims of famine who die unknown in the wilderness rarely receive proper funerary rites. Unable to pass on, their souls are reborn as hungry ghosts, longing eternally for that which they once had. These people die with anger and pain in their hearts, and that energy remains long after their flesh has rotted from their bones. As their bodies decay, their anger ferments into a powerful force – a grudge against the living – and this grudge is what twists them into a supernatural force. When the bones of hundreds of victims gather together into one mass, they can form the humongous skeletal monster known as the gashadokuro.
Too large and powerful to be killed, gashadokuro maintain their existence until the energy and malice stored up in their bodies has completely burnt out. However, because of the large amount of dead bodies required to form a single one, these abominations are much rarer today than they were in the earlier days, when wars and famine were a part of everyday life.

LEGENDS:
The earliest record of a gashadokuro goes back over 1000 years to a bloody rebellion against the central government by a samurai named Taira no Masakado. His daughter, Takiyasha-hime, was a famous sorceress. When Masako was eventually killed for his revolt, his daughter continued his cause. Using her black magic, she summoned a great skeleton to attack the city of Kyoto.
Her monster is depicted in a famous print by Utagawa Kuniyoshi.
- source : yokai.com/gashadokuro -




相馬の古内裏 Soma no Furu-Dairi - 歌川国芳 Utagawa Kuniyoshi
善知鳥安方忠義伝（うとうやすかたちゅうぎでん）
- reference : wikipedia -


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kitsune 狐 fox

A fox of 100 years will become an inpu 淫婦, a prostitute.
A fox of 100 years will become a 美女 beautiful woman.
A fox living on a kofun 古墳 Tumulus will become a beautiful woman.
Others say a fox has to become 800 years or 300 years, before shape-shifting into a human.


CLICK for more foxes with skulls 髑髏被り !

A fox might place a skull on his head and pray to the 北斗七星 big dipper. The skull is a 霊天蓋 ritual canopy for the fox. But he has to practise so the skull will not slip from his head. If he can manage to see the Big Dipper 100 times, he will gain the power to shape-shift into a human.

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dokurozake 髑髏酒 drinking Sake from a skull

Once in autumn a man left the village on a horse. In the evening he met a woman who offered him a drink. Just then came a hunter with a dog. And the woman shape-shifted back into a fox. The cup in the man's hand suddenly turned into a skull cup.




dokuro hai 髑髏杯 / どくろ杯 scull cups
from the enemies of 織田信長 Oda Nobunaga,


. kitsune densetsu 狐　伝説 fox legends .


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- - - - - ABC List of the prefectures :

.......................................................................... Aichi 愛知県 ......................................

yamanba 山姥 the old hag from the moutain
岩陰から湧き出る水によってできた鞍が淵には、山姥が美しい螺鈿の鞍となって淵に浮かんでいた。通りすがりの人が目にとめ欲を起すが最後、その人は手も足も離れ離れになり、髑髏になって岸に投げ上げられなければならなかった。


.......................................................................... Gifu 岐阜県 ......................................

On mount 金勝山 Konzeyama there is a rock cave with a skull placed on an altar. The skull is pierced by a sword behind the two ears. The skull is about three times as large as a human one. What might it be?


.......................................................................... Hiroshima 広島県 ......................................

. sharekobe 髑髏 skull in the bamboo grove .
a story of the year 774 from Bingo no Kuni 寶龜９年備後國.


.......................................................................... Ibaraki 茨城県 ......................................
真壁郡 Makabe district 協和町 Kyowa

suika 西瓜 watermelon
Once a farmer found a watermelon in his field, but he did not remember having planted any. When he looked closer, there was a skull and the melon had grown from its eye.


source : アマゾネス


.......................................................................... Kanagawa 神奈川県 ......................................
鎌倉市 Kamakura

深沢の大蛇 the huge serpent of Fukazawa
In the year 1676 there was enormous flooding in the area of Fukazawa and a lot of landslides happened.
Out of one of them came a large skull of about one meter with huge teeth.


source : okab.exblog.jp

In 江の島の縁起 the history of Enoshima it is called "the huge serpent of Fukazawa".

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Oodate Jiroo 大舘次郎 Odate Jiro

Once the blind poet 高野蘭亭 Takano Rantei (1704 - 1757) wanted to get hold of a skull cup. When he begun looking for it at the 大館次郎の塚 Mound of Odate Jiro, suddenly the fine weather changed, it became cloudy and soon a huge storm and thunder filled the sky.


source : 4travel.jp/travelogue - 鎌倉十一人塚 -

Odate Jiro is related to the battle of 新田義貞 Nitta Yoshisada.

- quote -
Juichininzuka (十一人塚) Juichininzuka Mound of 11 people
The monument was erected in memory of Odate Jiro (大館次郎) and eleven of his followers. (The inscription incorrectly adds the character "又" to his name:又次郎.)
In 1333, when imperial troops headed by Nitta Yoshisada (新田義貞, 1301-38) attacked Kamakura, Odate, a general of the Nitta forces, rushed to Gokurakujizaka Pass with a large number of his soldiers. Evading a hail of logs and rocks from both sides of the pass, they broke through the Hojo (北条) defense and headed towards Yuigahama, where the enemy awaited.
Faced with a counterattack by the troops of Honma Yamashirozaemon (本間山城左衛門) of the Hojo side, Odate's army was forced to retreat to Gokurakuji (極楽寺), where Odate and most of his men were killed near the Inasegawa River (稲瀬川).
In the end, only eleven of Odate's men were left, but rather than give up and surrender they chose to take their own lives with their own swords.
The eleven are said to have been buried here, and a statue of Eleven-faced Kannon (十一面観音菩薩, Juichimen Kannon) was erected to their memory under the name Juichininzuka, "Mound of the Eleven." Generally, tsuka (塚, also pronounced zuka) refers to a tombstone, but this particular tsuka was erected later as a memorial.
- source : kcn-net.org/e_kama_history-


.......................................................................... Kyoto 京都府 ......................................

oni no kubi 鬼の首 the neck of an Oni demon
At the temple 建仁寺 Kennin-Ji there is a skull of about 30 cm which is seen as the head and neck of a demon.

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tooru no daijin no rei 融の大臣の霊 / Tôru daijin / The Minister Toru
Most of the stories of ghosts are about people becoming ghosts and appearing as a skull.
One of the oldest records is the Nihon Ryooiki 日本霊異記 Nihon Ryoiki.
宇多院 Emperor Uda (867 - 931) made an official visit to 河原院 Kawara no In (the official residence of Minamoto no Tooru 源融 Toru (822 - 895).
The late owner of this Kawara residence, Toru, appeared clad in 衣冠 formal robes as a ghost to greet the visitor.
Kawara no Sadaijin 河原左大臣 - Poet and statesman

- reference - Minamoto no Toru -

. Nihon Ryōiki 日本霊異記 Nihon Ryoiki .
Ghostly Strange Records from Japan
Record of Miraculous Events in Japan
by Kyookai 景戒 （きょうかい/けいかい) Kyokai - Keikai, priest of Yakushi-Ji in the Nara period

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source : kimono-kyoto.jp

Decoration of the inside of a Haori Jacket.



- source and more photos : karapaia.livedoor.biz -

dokuro to tokage 髑髏と蜥蜴 Skull and Lizard
河鍋暁斎 Kawanabe Kyosai (1831 - 1889)

. . . CLICK here for more spooky ukiyo-e about skulls !

歌川国芳　「相馬の古内裏」
歌川国芳　「於岩ぼうこん」
歌川国芳　「国芳もやう正札附現金男野晒悟助」
歌川国芳　「源頼光公館土蜘作妖怪図」
葛飾北斎　『百物語』より「こはだ小平次」
月岡芳年 「地獄太夫悟道の図」
月岡芳年 「清盛福原に数百の人頭を見るの図」
月岡芳年　「新撰東錦絵 一休地獄太夫」
月岡芳年　「和漢豪気揃 髑髏」
歌川広重　平清盛福原にて怪異を見る図」
小林清親　「地獄太夫」
河鍋暁斎　「美女の袖を引く骸骨たち」
河鍋暁斎　「一休地獄太夫」
河鍋 暁斎　「髑髏と蜥蜴」
小林清親　「清親放痴 東京谷中天王地」and more modern paintings

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.......................................................................... Nagano 長野県 ......................................

Hitotsume Kozoo 一ツ目小僧 (一つ目小僧) Hitotsume Kozo - Young Monk with One Eye
and his grave 一ツ目小僧の墓所
His grave is said to be here in the mountains. During the early Meiji period, an old grandpa wanted to clear the place and opened it. He dug out some human bones and re-arranged them anew, because there have been roots of 山芋 mountain yam (Dioscorea japonica) going through one eye of the skull.

There are other regions in Japan who claim his grave is there.

and some graves are dedicated to Jizo Bosatsu
- 一つ目小僧地蔵 Hitotsume Kozo Jizo -
where people found a skull with only one eye opening 眼窩が一つしかない頭蓋骨.

. Hitotsume Kozoo 一つ目小僧 Hitotsume Kozo - Young Monk with One Eye .


.......................................................................... Nara 奈良県 ......................................

The emperor 花山院 Kazan-In (Kazan Tenno 花山天皇 (968 - 1008)) was suffering from a severe headache.
His "doctor", Abe no Seimei, said this was caused by a problem in his former life. The emperor had been a mountain pries and died near mount Omine 大峯の某の宿. Because of his good deeds he was then re-born as the 天子 Imperial Prince. But the skull of his former body had fallen between two rocks, so now he had to suffer headaches. They searched for the skull, took it out and buried it properly. And what do you say - the headache was healed, of course.




. Abe no Seimei 阿倍晴明 (921 - 1005) .


. Matsuo Basho at Natadera 那谷寺 .
The name was changed to Natadera by the emperor Kazan, who ruled during the Heian Period.


... the 65th emperor of Japan ...
Morosada-shinnō (師貞親王) - his priestly name was Nyūkaku.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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hikarimono 光物 the sparkling something

In the year 1672 at a place named 厨子 Zushi, something was sparkling and shining all night long. When the villagers dug at that place, they found something like a skull. They did not like it and feared its power, so after they disposed of it, the shining and sparkling stopped.



.......................................................................... Okinawa 沖縄県 ......................................
石垣市 Ishigaki

majin, mashin 魔神 malevolent deity, evil spirit
昔、ナーマ屋の爺（アヤ）が海辺で魔神に出会った。乱れた頭髪、首に毒蛇と髑髏の首鬘をかけ、髑髏の瓔珞を腰につけ、赤い褌をした一つ目の大男だったという。爺に水を乞うたのでそれを与えたところ、魔除けの呪法を授けてくれた。七五三縄を（チビナー縄）張り、「ナーマヤーヌ・マリビキドー」と唱えればよいというもので、それを村人に伝え、難を逃れたといわれている。


.......................................................................... Tokushima 徳島県 ......................................
大原町千代ヶ丸 Ohara, Chiyogamaru

In the year 1702, on the 24th day of the 4th month, the 観音堂 Kannon Hall at Chiyogamaru was to be repaired. In the ground they found a large stone sarcophage 長さ9尺8寸、高さ2尺9寸、奥行き3尺. Inside were two skulls and two swords, spears and arrow heads. The skull was about 3尺7寸 in diameter, and 1尺4寸 in length.,
1尺 - 30 cm, 1寸 - 3 cm



- reference and photos : awa-otoko.hatenablog.com -



.......................................................................... Tokyo 東京都 ......................................

tatari たたり a curse
At the 服部坂 Hatorizaka slope there was a Zen temple called しうりん院 Shorin-In.
Once they found a skull in the back mountain of the temple. So they made a grave marker and venerated it on the 位牌堂 Hall for Ancestral tablets (ihai).
But after seven days, the skull begun dancing out of the hall with its tablet. The head priest could not sleep and became ill. When another priest visited, he took the skull and stamped on it in the garden until it was broke. Then the curse was broken and the head priest healed.


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Fukiage Goten 吹上御殿 / Fukiage Gosho 吹上御所

享保12年6月6日、激しい雷の最中、吹上げの御殿に異形のしゃれこうべが落ちてきた。その頭の長さ6寸幅は8寸、眼の穴は2つあり、くちばしの様な口があり、歯が上唇のみに生えていた。どのような魚鳥の骨であるのかはわからなかった。


.......................................................................... Wakayama 和歌山県 ......................................

In a former life 後白河法皇 Emperor Goshirakawa had been a mountain priest named 蓮華坊 Renge-Bo, but he had fallen into a ravine and lost his life. A willow tree grew on the spot, piercing the skull and causing the Emperor a constant headache whenever the wind blew the branches of the tree.
On a pilgrimage to Kumano to get rid of the headache, the Emperor learned of his former life and made a search for the skull. He buried the skull properly and used the willow tree to make a beam of the Sanjusan Gendo hall 柳で三十三間堂の棟木. Other versions say he had a Statue of Kannon made and placed the skull inside to show this greatfulness for being relieves of the headache.
This story is similar to the one of Kazan from Nara, see above.

To our day the temple has an event in January known as the Rite of the Willow (柳枝のお加持), where worshippers are touched on the head with a sacred willow branch to cure and prevent headaches.



. Sanjusan Gendo Hall in Kyoto, .

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- reference : nichibun yokai database 妖怪データベース -




勝川春章 Katsukawa Shunsho (1762 - 1793)
ドクロ DOKURO

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. Legends about Kobo Daishi Kukai - 弘法大師　空海 - 伝説 .

. Japanese legends and tales 伝説　民話　昔話 - Introduction .

- Yookai 妖怪 Yokai Monsters of Japan -
- Introduction -

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- #dokuro #sharekobe #skull -
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Posted By Gabi Greve to Heian Period Japan on 5/14/2016 09:29:00 am

HEIAN legend about octopus tako

http://heianperiodjapan.blogspot.jp/2016/05/tako-octopus-legends.html

tako octopus legends

- BACK to the Daruma Museum -
. Japanese legends and tales 伝説　民話 昔話 - Introduction .
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tako 蛸と伝説 Tako Legends about Octopus

. tako 蛸 Octopus in Japanese Culture .
- Introduction -

In the Edo period, money was called "o-ashi" 足 legs, 　
and things with many legs, like ika cuttlefish and tako octopus were considered auspicious gifts.



The Fisherman and The Octopus
Kusakabe Kinbei 日下部金兵衛 Kusakabe Kimbei
(1841 – 1934) - fotografer

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CLICK for more photos of Ukiyo-E and the Tako !
Hokusai 北斎

The Tako was a kind of hero in lady's dreams
(or maybe in the men's dreams who made the prints).

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. tako bikuni 蛸比丘尼 the Octopus nun .


. Tako Yakushi 蛸薬師 Octopus Yakushi Nyorai .

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In some regions there are legends about an octopus changing into a huge serpent or vice versa.


source : youkaitama.seesaa.net/archives

hebidako 蛇蛸（へびだこ） serpent-octopus

In many parts of 北九州 Kita Kyushu.

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- quote -
Ayakashi (妖 - あやかし) is the collective name for yōkai that appear above the surface of some body of water.


"Ayakashi" from the Konjaku Hyakki Shūi by Sekien Toriyama

In the Nagasaki Prefecture, the kaika 怪火；カイカ　(ghost lights) that appear above water are called this, and in the funayūrei 船幽霊 (boat spirits) in the Yamaguchi Prefecture and the Saga Prefecture are also called this. In the western part of Japan, they are said to be those who died at sea and are attempting to capture people to join them.In Tsushima, they are also called "kaika of ayakashi (ayakashi no kaika)," and appear on beaches in the evening, and it would look like as if a child were walking in the middle of the fire. On coasts, kaika would appear as mountains and obstruct one's path, and are said to disappear if one doesn't avoid the mountain and tries to bump into it intently.

There is the folk belief that if a live sharksucker　(Echeneis naucrates), an actual fish, gets stuck to the bottom of the boat, it would not be able to move, so ayakashi is a synonym for this type of fish.

In the Konjaku Hyakki Shūi by Sekien Toriyama, the ayakashi is represented by a large sea snake, but this may actually be an ikuchi, sea snake or octopus.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !


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- - - - - ABC List of the prefectures :

.......................................................................... Aichi 愛知県 ......................................
知多郡 Chita district 南知多町 Minami Chita

shoojagama しょうじゃがま
昔、須佐の海に大蛸が住んでいた。ある少女が毎日その足を切って売り、暮らしをたてていた。８本目の足を切りに行った時、遂に大蛸の為海中へまきこまれて死んでしまった。しょうじゃは少女が訛って、がまは水中の大きな穴と言われている。


.......................................................................... Fukui 福井県 ......................................

蛇が蛸になる a serpent becomes an octopus
蛸の中には蛇が化して蛸になったものがいるという。ある人の話に、越前で、大岩にあたって尾が裂けたものがやがて脚になったのを見たという。その人の従僕も、山から小さな蛇がたくさん降りてきて水際で小石にあたって、だんだんと変化して水に入っていったという。

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敦賀市 Tsuruga

There was a rock with many shells, so a man once went there diving to harvest them. But he never came back to the surface. When his friends found him in the water, he was circling around a large pillar. They pulled the body up and found that the pillar was in fact the leg of a huge octopus and the head of the animal was huge like a rock.



.......................................................................... Hyogo 兵庫県 ......................................

猿，蛸，バケモノ
旅の男が蛸に絞められている猿を助けてお礼にと風呂敷を貰った。その夜、宿に泊まっていると、大風が吹いてバケモノがやってきた。風呂敷を外に出し布団をかぶっていると、風が止んだ。朝になって見ると風呂敷の中はナメクジであり、バケモノはそれで滑ったようだ。



.......................................................................... Iwate 岩手県 ......................................

At the Shrine Watatsumi Jinja 綿津海神社
Tako is seen as a deity 蛸神様 / たこ神さま Tako Kamisama.



Once a woman fishing for kelp cut off one leg of a Tako, who later became the
Octopus Deity with Seven Legs "七本足の蛸"を蛸神様
- reference : moon.ap.teacup.com/syunjun -



.......................................................................... Kagawa 香川県 ......................................

ヤザイモン / 八左兵門 Yazaimono Tako
Once a huge Tako took a nap on a rock. When Yasaimon 八左兵門 (Yazaemon) saw this, he cut off one leg each day. On Day 8 he wanted to cut off the last leg, but the huge Tako threw him into the sea with it and then continued his nap.
Since that time, the huge Octopus is called ザイモン蛸 Yazaimon in this area.

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坂出市 Sakaide

daija 大蛇 huge serpent and oodako 大蛸 huge octopus
Once upon a time a huge serpent and a huge octopus had a fight and the huge octopus threw the serpent into the sea - so he had won! Ten years later there was oil oozing out of the sea where the serpent had perished. A fisherman found the oil, threw out his load of rice and hauled the bones of the snake into his ship. He sold it as medicine in Osaka and became a rich man.

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小豆郡 Shozu district 土庄町

At 天津神社 Amatsu Jinja there is a stone with a paining of an octopus.
Once a fisherman caught an octopus and killed it, so the curse of this animal came over the fisherman. To appease it, the fisherman had the carving made and prayed for forgiveness.


.......................................................................... Kanagawa 神奈川県 ......................................
北下浦村

昔、漁夫が磯へ出て大きな章魚を見つけたが、あまりに大きいので足一本だけ切って桶に入れて帰った。それから毎日、足を一本だけ切って帰った。８日目に最後の一本を切ろうとしたら、章魚は一本の足で漁夫をとらえ海へ引きずり込んだ。


.......................................................................... Kagoshima 鹿児島県 ......................................
大島郡 Oshima district 瀬戸内町 Setouchi

人蛸 チュドホ "human Tako"
白浜に大蛸がいるときにはとらないものだという。妻が夫に白浜にいる人蛸を捕ってくるよう頼み、夫が捕ろうとしたところ、人蛸が男を一掴みにし、手二つを鼻の穴に、手二つで帆を吹かして上に捧げて行ってしまった。

ケンムン Kenmun - Kenmono
ケンムンと仲良しになったある人が、一番恐いものを尋ねられ、お金と答えた。一方ケンムンは、ヤツデマル（蛸）が恐いと言った。ある日、その人がケンムン にやけどを負わすと、ケンムンは仕返しにたくさんの金を小屋に投げ込んだ。その人は、蛸を捕ってきて、小屋にかけたため、ケンムンは二度と来なくなり、そ の人は大金持ちになった。
.
砂糖小屋に泊まっているとケンムンが来て火にあたった。ケンムンが「何が一番怖いか」と聞くので金が怖いと答えた。ケンムンは蛸が怖いと言っていた。毎日ケンムンが来て邪魔なので蛸を投げると驚いて逃げ、翌日金を沢山置いていった。
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海辺によく現れ相撲を挑んでくる。頭に皿があり、割れると霊力を失う。初めて海からケンモンが上陸した時蛸に襲われ難儀した。ガジュマルの木に住むことを許されたのでそこに住んでいる。

ケンモン Kenmono - a Yokai from Amami islands - Amami kappa kenmun
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

- and Kenmun from Okinawa
ケンムンの特徴は、体が小さく子供のようで、赤い毛がはえていて、ウスクかガジアルの木にすむ。顔は猫のようだとも犬のようだともいわれる。足は長く、竹 のように細い。漁が大好きで魚の目玉だけ食べる。相撲が好きでよく人に挑んでくる。7月頃海から山へ登っていく。蛸が苦手。ケンムンが家に着くと裕福にな るといわれている。

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Yokai of Tako and Shells タコや貝の妖怪

英一蝶 Hanabusa Itcho (1652 - 1724) - 『田原藤太秀郷』
- source : ameblo.jp/pandemonium0299 -


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.......................................................................... Miyagi 宮城県 ......................................

If a pregnant woman eats octopus, the child will have warts.

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本吉郡 Motoyoshi district 本吉町

小浜海岸で夜釣りをしていた人が、光る皿のようなものが二つ飛んでくるのを見た。それは蛸で、光るものは蛸の眼だった。


.......................................................................... Nagasaki 長崎県 ......................................
南島原市 Minami Shimabara

ある寡婦が磯漁りに行ったところ、蛸の足が石の上に出ていた。彼女は喜んでこれを切って持って帰り、夜の慰みに使った。このようなことを7度繰り返し、8 度目に最後の足を切ろうとしたところ海に引きずりこまれて死んでしまった。それ以来山から原城の沖へ毎晩火が飛んでいくようになった。



.......................................................................... Niigata 新潟県 ......................................
刈羽郡 Kariwa district

蛇が蛸になる a serpent becomes an octopus
文化9年の6月に、石地町に住む文四郎とその友達3人とともに、近くの賽の河原と呼ばれる海浜で遊んでいたところ、石の六地蔵から大きな蛇が出てきた。撃ち殺そうと追いかけると、蛇は海中には入り逃げたが、結局捕まえて見てみると、7本足の蛸に変化していたという。


.......................................................................... Okinawa 沖縄県 ......................................

bunaga ブナガ，木の精
ブナガが毎晩家を訪れ、材木を運んだり家の手伝いをしてくれる。しかしそのような交際が嫌になった家の人が、この世で一番嫌いな蛸を投げつけると二度と訪れなくなった。それ以降毎年８月は蛸を飾りお祓いをするという。


キジムナー，アカガミ kijimunaa akagami
昔あるお婆さんが海で蛸をとっていた。その蛸はキジムナー蛸であったので、他の人は誰もとれなかった。そこへキジムナーがきて、「どうしておまえはその蛸 をとるのか」と訪ねた。お婆さんはアカガミという神で、キジムナーより格が上であることを話したが、キジムナーは納得できず、奪い合いになった。しかし最 後はキジムナーがあきらめて「あなたには負けたよ」と帰っていった。
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おじいさんが夜に蛸取りに行って、キジムナーと友達になったが、しつこいので蛸を取ってぶつけたらそれ以来、来なくなった。
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薪割がキジムナーと友達になり、毎日昼は山へ、夜は海へと行くうちに、眠くて仕方なくなり、斧で頭を殴り殺そうとしたり、蛸を投げつけようとしたりするが失敗する。怒ったキジムナーは薪割りを引き裂いて殺してしまう。
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薪割りの男がキジムナーと友達になり、昼夜連れ回されて疲れて仕方ないので、キジムナーを追い払おうとキジムナーの嫌う蛸を投げつけた。キジムナーは怒って男を殺した。
.
キジムン，キジムナー
セーマ、ブナンガヤーとも言う。木の精である。子供の形であらわれ全身毛で覆われている。漁が上手で、仲良くするといつでも魚が食え、金持ちにもなれる。蛸を嫌う。旧8月10日は妖怪日で全ての妖怪が出る日とされる。


.......................................................................... Yamaguchi 山口県 ......................................
大島郡 Oshima district 周防大島町 Suo Oshima

Once upon a time there lived a skilfull fisherman named 甚平 Jinbei.

昔、甚平という漁師が住んでいた。魚を捕ることが巧みで近隣の者は皆知っていた。ある日甚平が岩の近くで魚釣りをしていると、急に船が傾いた。見れば大き な蛸の足が船縁を掴んでいた。甚平はその足を包丁で切って持って帰った。その味を覚えた甚平が翌日も岩へ行ったところ、その日も蛸が現れた。こうした日が 5日続き、8本の足が3本にまで減った日に、甚平はこの蛸を捕ってやろうと包丁の代わりに縄を持っていった。それきり甚平は帰らず、主のいない船が夕方に 浦へ流れ着いた。村人達はきっと蛸に食われたのだろうと噂した。それ以来その岩を甚平岩と呼ぶようになった。
.
There was an unskilfull fisherman called 甚平 Jinbei.
甚平という下手な魚釣りがいた。甚平は正直者であったので、神様が1本づつ蛸の足を切らせるようにした。ところが切っていく途中で甚平が欲心を起こしたので、神様は腹を立て蛸に甚平を殺させた。



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- reference : nichibun yokai database 妖怪データベース -

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. Legends about Kobo Daishi Kukai - 弘法大師　空海 - 伝説 .

. Japanese legends and tales 伝説　民話　昔話 - Introduction .

- Yookai 妖怪 Yokai Monsters of Japan -
- Introduction -

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. Join the friends on Facebook ! .

- #takolegends #octopuslegends -
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SHRINES - ichigami deity of market town

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. Shinto Shrine (jinja　神社) - Introduction .
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Ichigami　市神 / いちがみ deity of the market town, market deity

There are various shugojin 守護神 protector deities of market towns, many of then female.

- - - - - In Western Japan they are usually
エビスガミ Ebisugami，蛭子(ひるこ)神 Hirukogami
イチキシマヒメノミコト Ichikishima Hime no Mikoto 市杵島姫 / 大市姫 Oichihime

- - - - - In Eastern Japan they are usually
オオクニヌシノミコト Okuninushi no Mikoto
ヒコホホデミノミコト Hikohohodemi no Mikoto 彦火火出見
コトシロヌシノカミ Kotoshironushi no Kami 事代主命
イチキシマヒメノミコト Ichikishima Hime no Mikoto 市杵島姫 / 大市姫 Oichihime


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They are venerated in various forms, from natural round stones to carved stones with the inscription 市神 or six-sided wooden pillars and small 祠 Hokora shrines.
They were placed at the entrance to a town or a fishing harbour, at a bridge or a four-road crossing.
There are no special days for their festivals but on some special days people make offerings:
正月の蔵(くら)開き Opening of the Storehouse at the New Year
小正月 End of the New Year festivities. (now January 14)



They are closely related to the Dosojin Wayside Deities.

. 道祖神 Dosojin Wayside Deities .


The oldest mention of an Ichigami is in 795, when 藤原冬嗣 Fujiwara no Fuyutsugu enshrined the 宗像大神 Munakata deity as protector of the East and West Town of Kyoto.

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There are various shrines in Japan named
Ichigami Jinja 市神神社 Ichigami Shrine

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Gifu no Ichigami Jinja
Gifu-ken, Ena-shi, Ōichō, 600



The deity in residence is 恵比寿様 Ebisu sama.
With a special market on every day with a seven - 七日市 / 七日福市.

- reference -

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Omi no Ichigami Jinja
15-4 Yokaichihonmachi, Higashiomi, Shiga Prefecture / 滋賀県八日市市本町１５－４

- Deities in Residence
事代主命　大国主命　猿田彦大神　額田王

- - - - - HP of the Shrine
- source : norichan.jp/jinja -


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- Reference : 日本語



source and more photos : nishizato.net/shirotorijiin


. Shrine, Shinto Shrine (jinja　神社) - Introduction .

. kami　神　Shinto deities - ABC-LIST - .

- #ichigami -
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- - - - -　 H A I K U　 - - - - -

市神の狛犬に角木下闇
Ichigami no koma-inu ni tsuno koshitayami

the Komainu
of the Ichiba Deity has horns -
darkness under the trees

田中英子 Tanaka Eiko

. WKD : konoshita yami 下闇（こしたやみ） darkness under the trees .
- kigo for all summer




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Posted By Gabi Greve to Japan - Shrines and Temples on 5/28/2016 12:42:00 pm

SHRINE - Kabire Jingu

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. Shinto Shrine (jinja　神社) - Introduction .
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Kabire Jingu かびれ神宮 / 賀毘礼　Kabire Shrine, Ibaraki
Oiwa Jinja 御岩神社
御岩山山頂（かびれの高峰)　賀毘礼の高峰　　/ 賀び禮山（かびれさん）


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茨城県日立市入四間町752 / 752 Irishiken-cho Hitachi, 317-0055, Ibaraki

- quote
Historical background of Oiwa Shrine
The origin of Oiwa Shrine was described in the Hitachi-Fudoki which is one of the oldest history books published in the 8th century． In the book it was explained that God lived at the foot of Mt.Kabire，ie Mt.Oiwa, and inhabitants built a shrine there． The precincts of the shrine is broad and many small shrines are scattered there. In the Edo-era, some temples were also erected. These shrines and temples were preserved by Mito Tokugawa family. Policy of separating the temple and shrine was carried out in the Meiji-era， but some evidence of temple is remained here.Therefore Festival of the shrine is under the influence of Shinto and Buddhism.
- - - Strolling the grounds of the shrine
There is a big torii gate at 50m south from there and you just walk inside the spiritual ground of the shrine. Here also is starting point of a trail up Mt.Takasuzu where is the highest mountain in Hitachi City. Passing under the torii gate, the huge cedar called Sanbon-sugi can be found. In fact, the stem of 9m in diameter is one and it is divided into three at 3 m above the ground. The cedar is 50m in height and is estimated to be over 600 years old. The cedar "Sanbon-sugi" is designated as the natural monument by Ibaraki Prefecture.
Then there is a two-storied gate which was reconstructed at 1990's, and Nio Guardians (Nio-sama) are worshipped at both sides of the gate. In the cedar grove, the way continues to Hall (Haiden) of Oiwa Shrine through a small bridge that is painted red. There are some monuments and small shrines along the way.



Climbing the narrow road behind the Haiden for about 20 minutes, Kabire shrine can be found in a dense and dark forest．
The narrow road is a mountain trail up to Mt.Takasuzu of 623m via Mt.Kabire (Mt.Oiwa) that is formed by oddly-shaped rocks．
- source : hyotanhitachi.web.fc2.com


- - - - - Deities in residence - - - - -
天照大神 Amatereasu Omikami
邇邇藝命 Ninigi no Mikoto
立速日男命 Tachihayahio no Mikoto (たちはやひをのみこと)
= 速経和気命 / 速経和気の命 Hayafuuke no Mikoto



source : 4travel.jp/travelogue

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source : blog.goo.ne.jp/howaitoyaiga

- - - - - HP of the Shrine
- source : oiwajinja.jp -


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- - - - - On the road


三王大神 水速女命
三王大神 Sanoo no Oomikami (さんのうのおおかみ）


Mizuhanome 水速女命 Deity of water

ミヅハノメは、日本神話に登場する神である。『古事記』では
弥都波能売神（みづはのめのかみ）、『日本書紀』では罔象女神（みつはのめのかみ）と表記する。神社の祭神としては水波能売命などとも表記される。淤加美神とともに、日本における代表的な水の神（水神）である。
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !


source : karu2pokapoka.cocolog-nifty.com

- quote -
Protector of wells, Mizuha-nome-no-mikoto, the well goddess
vs. Suijin-Sama, the water-god
The tutelar deity of well-cleaners is known by two names, Mizuha-nome-no-mikoto, the Goddess of Wells, and by the more generic Water-god, and usually male counterpart, Suijin-Sama whose role is to protect all wells and keep the water sweet and cool. The wells must be cleaned once a year, or the breaking of cleanliness law by the house-owners will incur the wrath of the deity, bringing sickness and death.
The goddess (god) rarely manifests her/himself, but when s/he does, s/he takes the form of a serpent. Her/His familiars or messengers, are usually a pair of fish called funa (crucian carp), a live pair are released into wells to eat the larvae inhabiting the well water.
..... The first water of the well must be drawn by a man, for the presumably jealous well goddess would be angered by a woman doing so.
..... R.A.B. Ponsonby-Fane in his "Studies of Shinto and Shrines", traces the Mizuhanome deity to one of the three Amashi-no-kami rain deities enshrined in the Nibu-kawakami jinja, located on Upper River Nibu in Yoshino-gun.
..... Ponsonby-Fane also hypothesizes that Mizuha-nome-no-mikoto (or Mizuhanome-no-kami) was one of the water deities venerated by local indigenous aboriginals when Emperor Jimmu arrived and which is why it was decided to build the Nibukawakami shrine at that very location, and thereby including the female Mizuha-nome-no-mikoto, along with the other Amashi rain deities, Takaokami and Kuraokami, the latter two being male raingods.

The earliest date recorded in the Engishiki for the receipt of "hei" (offerings given by the Imperial Court) by the goddess from the Imperial Court is 763 A.D. though the founding of the shrine is given as a hundred years earlier.
Kojiki and Nihonshoki record Mizuha-nome-no-mikoto as the water goddess born to Izanami-no-mikoto, from her urine. (According to Kojiki, Kuraokami and Kuramitsuha were produced from the blood as it collected on the hilt of Izanagi's sword and dripped through his fingers.)

The fact of the worship of a water goddess called Mizuha-nome-no-mikoto is thus corroborated by the Engishiki records, as well as both the Kojiki and Nihonshoki accounts.

According to Daniel Holtom's "National Faith of Japan"(at p. 96), earlier sources called the shrine Nibu Kawakami which means Nibu river rain-chief shrines, or simply Rain Chief shrines.

"The title translated Rain-Chief is read Okami in the original and is written with two ideograms, one meaning rain and the other chief or head. We are thus in possession of an easy key to understanding the meaning of the names of the two deities, just introduced. The gods of the Nibu shrines are Dark Rain-Chief Deity (Kura-Okami-no-Kami) and "Fierce Rain-Chief Deity" (Taka Okami-no-Kami), kura(kurai) being taken in the ordinary sense of dark and taka being taken in the sense of takeki "fierce" or "brave". [note: kura also means "narrow gorge beneath a cliff"]

The Upper River Nibu Kawakami shrine and the Lower River Nibu Kawakami shrine's identical documents thus reveal the true function of the two male water-gods Taka and Kura Okami. The note in the shrine text document explained that the two deities are rain dragons, the lower shrine deity being a guardian of the valley, and the upper one, a guardian dragon god of mountain tops. Both deities are considered to be one, and to be Amashi-no-kami, rain gods. A black horse was offered to the Kura Okami deity to induce the deity to produce rain during droughts, while a white horse was meant to halt the rain. See A study of rain deities and rain wizards of Japan.

On the more generic water god, the Encyclopedia of Shinto has more on Suijin-no-kami or Water god.

"Water-kami," a general term for tutelaries of water, found in a variety of forms. Water is of crucial importance in agriculture, and the availability and quality of water can spell life or death to farmers; as a result, tutelaries of water naturally came to be associated with rice-field tutelaries (ta no kami). Most suijin are found enshrined on the dikes of irrigation canals, or alongside paddy fields. In some cases, water kami may be found enshrined as "water distributing kami" (mikumari no kami) at the mountain springs forming the sources of agricultural waterways, in which cases they may also be associated with the kami of the mountain (yama no kami). In addition to their connection with the water used in agriculture, water kami are also found enshrined at sources of water used in everyday life, such as household wells, springs, and streams…"
- source : japanesemythology.wordpress.com-


. Takaokami-no-Kami and Kuraokami-no-Kami .
at Kifune Jinja 貴船神社, Kurama Kyoto

. Takaokami 高おかみ神 / 高淤加美神 , Kuramitsuha / Kuraokami,
闇淤加美神 Kuraokami no kami, Takaokami no kami .
and Rain Rituals


. Mizun no Kamisama 水の神様 Suijin 水神 .
and 罔象女神 Mizuhanome

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- Reference : かびれ神宮


. Shrine, Shinto Shrine (jinja　神社) - Introduction .

. kami　神　Shinto deities - ABC-LIST - .

- #kabirejingu #mizuhanome -

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Posted By Gabi Greve to Japan - Shrines and Temples on 5/28/2016 09:44:00 am

HEIAN - koi carp legends

- BACK to the Daruma Museum -
. Japanese legends and tales 伝説　民話 昔話 - Introduction .
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koi 鯉 と伝説 Legends about carps - Karpfen

koi, the carp　 鯉 - - koi, the love　恋 - - koi, come here　来い

. The Carp in Japanese Culture - Introduction .

. Koi 鯉 carp and fish as folk toys .

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Oniwakamaru driving out a Koi fish monster - 鬼若丸の鯉退治


岩窪初五 Iwakubo Hatsugoro

igyoojin oniwakamaru 異形人おに若丸 The Monstrous Oniwakamaru
- reference : Igyoujin Oniwakamaru - Manga 漫画作品 -

Musashibo Benkei was called Oniwakamaru - "demon child, ogre child" in his youth.
His mother was pregnant for 18 months with him and when the baby was born, it has already hair and teeth.
He was so strong he could fight against 200 men and win.
Since he was such a problem, he was given to Western Part of the mountain monestery at Hieizan 比叡山西塔. At that time he was called 西塔鬼若丸 "Saito Oniwakamaru".

. Musashibo Benkei 武蔵坊弁慶 .


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歌川国芳 Utagawa Kuniyoshi


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Koi are a legendary fish. Graceful, vibrant, and one of the most recognizable fish in the world, koi are well-loved and respected. Often associated with Japan, koi actually originated from Central Asia in China. They were introduced to Japan by Chinese invaders.

- - - Waterfall Legend
- - - Symbolism and Meaning
Koi fish are also symbolized according to their coloration.. . .
- source : koi-fish-meaning-and-myth-

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- - - - - ABC List of the prefectures :


.......................................................................... Gifu 岐阜県 ......................................

. Hidari Jingoroo 左甚五郎 Hidari Jingoro - master carver .
The carp at the main hall of the shrine 久津八幡宮 Kuzu Hachimangu ....


.......................................................................... Mie 三重県 ......................................
久居市 Hisai town - 榊原村 Sakakibara

hazekoi はぜ鯉 sanshouo 山椒魚 Salamander
A villager caught a huge carp, but the animal had legs and fas in fact a salamander. It is called "hazekoi". After he caught this animal, suddenly the water supply of the village became less and less. It was the curse of the Salamander.
Now people never catch any salamander and pray at the local shrine for its well-being.
And the greatful salamander now shape-shifts into real carp every year to grant them a good fishing harvest.

. sanshoouo, sanshoo uo 山椒魚 salamander .



.......................................................................... Tochigi 栃木県 ......................................
小山市 Oyama

In the year 1028 a person named 角田将監 Kakuda Shogen was hit by a huge typhoon. The big 大榎 huckberry tree in his garden had fallen down, so be begun to dig a well in this place. After a short while, clear water welled up from the ground and a huge higoi 緋鯉 golden red carp showed up. This was an auspicious sign. When the village headman 持田 Mochida went to Tokyo to report the event.
奇瑞と言って、神主の持田某と京都に上ったところ、時の天皇に禁鯉宮の勅額を賜ったうえ井戸を掘ることと鯉の合火を禁じられた。後に生活に困難を来したために禁制は解かれたが、氏子は今でも鯉を神聖視している。

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- reference : nichibun yokai database 妖怪データベース -
85 to explore (02)

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. Japanese legends and tales 伝説　民話　昔話 - Introduction .

- Yookai 妖怪 Yokai Monsters of Japan -
- Introduction -

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Posted By Gabi Greve to Heian Period Japan on 5/24/2016 10:47:00 am

MINGEI - Tsujigahana dyeing Kubota Itchiku

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. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .
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tsujigahana, tsuji ga hana 辻が花 "flowers at the crossroads" dyeing method


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. WKD - katabira, tsujigahana and more Summer robes .
- Introduction -

quote
It's not necessarily appropriate to define what "TSUJIGAHANA" is because there are few remaining data and existing kosode (short-sleeved kimono), but tsuji-ga-hana may be defined as "what is used on the premise of tie-dyeing with drawing pictures, impressing foil, and embroidering".

Tie-dyeing, which forms the basis of tsujigahana, has been traditional way of dyeing from Nara Period in Japan. There are various ways from those of basic and easy such as tying and bundling to those of difficult such as sawing outline of design and tying, and dyeing in different colors. The latter one is called "koukechi", which is the way that prevents dye stuff from penetrating a textile.

In concrete terms, advanced techniques, such as complicated sawing, tying and tightening, and take-kawa-shibori (tying with a bamboo leaf), are used. In the case of making dappled cloth, which has tiny pattern, we only need to tie textiles with a thread, but when to make big design, the techniques of maki-age-shibori (coiling up tying) and take-kawa-shibori are used. When we dye textiles in different colors, the technique of oke-shibori (tying with tub) is used.

Maki-age-shibori is the way that protect against dyeing by coiling up a part. Take-kawa-shibori is the way that protect against dyeing by covering a part with a bamboo leaf. Bamboo leaves are now replaced by easy-to-use plastic. Oke-shibori is the way that protect against dyeing by putting a part in a tub.



The name "tsuji-ga-hana" first emerged on a literature in the late 15th century. A literature says in 1596, Toyotomi Hideyoshi presented tsujigahana to an emissary from Ming as his/her farewell present. Tsuji-ga-hana, which range from simple tie-dyeing to impressing foil and embroidered gorgeous one, became fashionable in the public after a century from its birth. Simultaneously, the name "tsujigahana" seemed to have become popular as we associate kimono with "Yuzen".

As we see in kosode of katsurame (woman merchant), battle surcoat, remaining kimono in Tokugawa, and so on, the height was about from the Momoyama period to the Edo period. By improvement of Yuzen dyeing, tsuji-ga-hana lost its significance of existence and died out in course of time.

Recent years, though "tsujigahana" has been becoming public knowledge by receiving media exposure, it seems that tsuji-ga-hana is merely one of the designs; however, "tsujigahana" is consistently "tie-dyeing".
Tsujigahana is the technique which maximizes essential beauty of tie-dyeing by drawing pictures and impressing foil.
source : tsujigahana.com

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- quote -
Tsujigahana (辻ヶ花) is a Japanese fabric dyeing technique that originated in the Muromachi era.
Tsujigahana is a variety of Kimono created by the technique of Shibori. The extravagant patterns were rather more picturesque and it was more eye-catching than other ordinary kinds of Kimono. Tsujigahana technique is in a shroud of mystery as it is not clearly known who invented it or why it was called Tsujigahana. The technique lasted for two era from Muromachi period to Edo period for about 300 to 400 years.



It quickly became forgotten after the rise of Japanese handicrafts technique. But Tsujigahana nevertheless contributed a lot for the decorative art phase in Azuchi-Momoyama period.
The art was revived by Itchiku Kubota (1918-2003). He was succeed by his son, Satoshi Kubota. Itchiku founded the Itchiku Kubota Art Museum. His collection of eighty kimono, known as the Symphony of Light, displaying the Four Seasons (including Oceans) and The Universe is a work in progress, passed from father to son.
- source : wikipedia -


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- quote -
Itchiku Kubota (久保田　一竹 Kubota Itchiku) (1917-2003)
was a Japanese textile artist. He was most famous for reviving and modernizing a lost late-15th- to early-16th-century textile-dyeing and decorating technique called tsujigahana (literally, flowers at the crossroads).

Kubota left school at age 14 to become the apprentice of Kobayashi Kiyoshi, a Tokyo kimono artist who specialized in hand-painted yuzen (a paste-resist-dyeing technique). Kubota also studied other techniques for decorating fabrics, as well as Japanese-style landscape painting and portraiture. At the age of 20, he first saw a fragment of a textile in the tsujigahana style at the Tokyo National Museum, and decided to devote his life to recreating it. Because no instructions survive that explain how to reproduce the complex decorative techniques seen in tsujigahana, and because the silk fabric necessary for its successful production (nerinuki) is no longer woven, Kubota was forced to experiment on his own for decades.

In 1962, Kubota decided that there were too many technical problems surrounding his mission to recreate traditional tsujigahana. He would instead develop his own form of tsujigahana, called "Itchiku Tsujigahana," substituting a contemporary silk crepe fabric (chirimen) for nerinuki and synthetic dyes for natural colors. In 1977, when Kubota was 60 years old, he displayed his decorated kimono for the first time in an exhibition in Tokyo.

Kubota's grand scheme was a series of kimonos, called Symphony of Light, that would depict the "grandeur of the universe". An exhibit presenting part of the "grandeur of the universe" Kubota Itchi was shown in the Smithsonian Museum in Washington D.C. for 6 months in 1995 - the first time the Smithsonian presented an exhibit of a living artist. At the time of his death, he had completed 40 of his projected 80 kimono in the series. Kubota's unique vision for this series involved a decorative landscape design that flowed from kimono to kimono, resulting in a panorama of seasons and views.
Kubota's son and daughter continue their father's work at the artist's studio, Itchiku Kobo, in Tokyo.
- source : wikipedia -




- HP of the Museum
- source : itchiku-museum.com -

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. Kobayashi Issa 小林一茶 - Introduction .

みやこ哉東西南北辻が花
miyako kana toozai nanboku tsujigahana

in Kyoto
east, west, south, north . . .
summer kimonos

This haiku has the prescript, "Imperial Capital," i.e., Kyoto. In Issa's day, this is where the emperor and his court lived. Political and military power was centered in the Shogun's city of Edo, today's Tokyo.

The phrase, "crossroads blossoms" (tsuji ga hana), is a euphemism for a light summer garment made of hemp: katabira. In this archive, I translate both katabira and awase as "summer kimono." Hiroshi Kobori explains that tsujiga-hana designs were in fashion from the mid-Muromachi era until the early Edo era; they were mostly dyed purple, red, and deep indigo ..." bold and marvelous."

Makoto Ueda writes that the "blossoms" (hana) refer to the colorful kimonos worn by the people of Kyoto; Dew on the Grass: The Life and Poetry of Kobayashi Issa (Leiden/Boston: Brill, 2004) 28. Since kimono is a more widely known term than katabira, I use it in my translation, following professor Ueda's example.

Tr. and comment by David Lanoue
- source : Issa on Kyoto -



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提灯の火影にさきぬ辻が花
choochin no hikage ni sakinu tsujigahana

Tsujigahana
blossoms in the flickering light
of a lantern


白百合をさげて行きけり辻が花
sayuri o sagete ikikeri tsujigahana

. Masaoka Shiki 正岡子規 .




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初枕齢得て辻が花召して
依田明倫

女にて見まほしき子よ辻が花
松瀬青々

衣擦れの淑気やまして辻が花
鈴木鷹夫

辻が花纏はば婆娑羅冬立つ日
瀧澤和治

香水のかすかに母の辻が花
なかのまさこ


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. Reference - tsujigahana.




Opulence: The Kimonos and Robes of Itchiku Kubota
by Itchiku Kubota (Author), Emma Farber (Translator)



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Posted By Gabi Greve to Omamori - Japanese Amulets on 5/24/2016 01:32:00 pm