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22 Jun 2018

YAMANOKAMI - Kochi legends

https://japanshrinestemples.blogspot.com/2017/08/yama-no-kami-regional-16-kochi.html

Yama no Kami Regional 16 Kochi

. Izanagi Ryu いざなぎ流 rituals from Monobe, Shikoku .
from the 香美市物部町 Monobe area, Kami city, in the eastern part of Kochi Prefecture.
In Monobe it is not uncommon to find households that worship the spirits of ancestors in the ceiling as miko-gami -- onzaki-gami and Hachiman-shin, as well as taka-gami,
They also perform many rituals for Yamanokami and 水神 the Water Deity for protection of natural disasters.

山の神様や妖怪 Yamanokami and Yokai Monsters
If someone uses something in the mountain forest, he has to repeat in his mind "Yamanokami, bring xxx back to me, let me find xxx!"
and then pee on the spot. This will make him find his lost item.

If someone wants to go to he mountain for work, he has to call out:
"I will now go to the mountain !" and offer some ritual Sake.
It is not allowed to cut down trees that are sacred to Yamanokami.

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高知県四万十市田野川山の神 Kochi Ken, Shimantogawa Tanokawa Yamanokami village

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. - Yama no Kami and the sacred Sakaki tree .
幡多郡 Hata district 大正町 Taishocho // 中村市 Nakamura town // 土佐郡 Tosa district

. Yamanokami and taiko 太鼓 the big drum .
幡多郡 Hatta district 大正町 Taisho // 高岡郡 Takaoka district 窪川町 Kubokawa

. Yamanokami and Tengu 天狗 the Mountain Goblin .
吾川郡 Agawa district // 大川村 Okawa //
Tengu and 傘松 Kasamatsu pine trees

. Yamanokami no yadorigi 山の神さんの宿り木 sacred tree for Yamanokami .
Aoki アオキ / 青木 Aucuba japonica, Japanese laurel // madogi 窓木（マドギ）"window tree"
There are many taboos about cutting these trees.

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furusoma ふるそま the old woodcutter
The sound of a tree being cut and falling down can be heard, when Yamanokami is angry. This is called "the old woodcutter"
Once upon a time, a woodcutter had forgotten his sumisashi 墨差し bamboo pencils in the forest. It is said that he could use them later after death to continue his work.

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- Hidarugami ヒダル神 The Hunger Gods -
In Tosa, when making a 弁当 Bento food offering for Yamanokami or Hidarugami, there are always a pair of chopsticks added.
This will prevent Hidarumami to take possession of a person. If one fears to have been possessed, one has to throw some part of the clothing behind oneself.

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oto 音 strange sounds
Sometimes there are strange, loud sounds at 杉の尾山 the cedar tree of Oyama. If it sounds like someone shouting, there will seen be strong rain.
People perform rituals and prayers on these occasions.

sumiyaki 炭焼 making charcoal
炭焼達 charcoal makers who own only a small mountain forest do not worry about using the Sakaki tree.
But the owners of large mountain forests respect the Sakaki as a "taboo tree".

. - Yama no Kami and the sacred 榊 Sakaki tree .

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幡多郡 Hata district 大月町 Otsuki

Every month on the 30th day is a festival day for Yamanokami.
A special Aoki tree with three prongs is a seat of Yamanokami.
Once a family member became ill and a diviner told them to perform rituals for Yamanokami, since the deity felt a bit lonely. So they performed rituals on the first, fifth and ninth lunar month and the family payed for all of them.

. Yama no Kami matsuri 山の神祭り Yamanokami festivals .

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The Komatsu family belonged to the Heike Ochudo soldiers.
Once upon a time, 小松玉姫 Princess Komatsu Tama combed her hair and some of it fell on the hakama 袴 trousers of her elder brother. He killed her on the spot for this disrespectful behaviour. She cursed the whole area and to appease her she was venerated in a special shrine as Wakamiya Sama 若宮様 the Young Deity. To memorate the event, a scroll and a mirror were offered to the shrine.
Once a pilgrim stole these items, but he also got cursee.

. Heike Ochudo 平家落人 the defeated soldiers of the Heike clan .

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北宇和郡 Kita-Uwa district 三間町 Mima Cho

. yamanba ヤマンバ "Old Mountain Hag" .
There was a field where hie 稗 barn millet grew.
One year there were many weeds, so the farmer burned down the field to get rid of them. Only yakeishi 焼石 burned stones remained in the field.
A short while later, the family became extinct.
The burned stones 焼石 where Yamanokami, venerated as an old mountain hag in this village.

- More about the yakeishi
Gifu 岐阜県金山下呂町
gaaranbe ガーランベ Kappa
老母が毎晩芋餅を焼いているとガーランベ（河童）がやって来て盗み取ろうとするので、老母は餅の中に焼石をまぜたところ、河童は知らずに大火傷をして逃げ出した。焼石をセンバ（十能）に入れてガーランベの懐に投げ込んだというのもある。

Shizuoka 静岡県磐田郡佐久間町　水窪町
山姥は山に住み、里に来て子守りをしたり、藤の皮で布を織ったりした。子守りしていた子を食べ、村人に焼石を食わされて天竜川に逃げ、秋葉山に住んだという。
.
倉木山の山姥が里の子守りの子を食べてしまったので、焼石を食わせて退治した。祟ってはいないが、小さな社を建てて祀った。

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高岡郡 Takaoka district 佐川町 Sakawa

The 20th of every month is sacred to Yamanokami. People do not eat in the morning and see this as a food offering to Yamanokami. They are not allowed to use the word hidarui ひだるい, meaning "I am hungry" on this day.

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oigesama お神母様 O-Ige Sama
This is a female deity to watch over the water for the rice fields. Her sacred tree, a kusunoki 楠 camphor tree had been a disturbance for the fields and someone cut branches off it.
His home burned down in a huge fire the same night.
The tree is also sacred to Yamanokami and if someone cuts it down in the shrine compound, there will be great disaster and illness in the whole hamlet.

This deity is also called オイケ様 O-Ike sama, 伊気様 / 稲毛様
神母八幡、神母大明神、御神母、神母大神、神母荒神、荒神神母、神母天王、老気明神、井下大明神、稲毛大明神、御居解、蛇母大明神
・女神で作神様
・保食神（うけもちがみ＝オオゲツヒメ・ミケツヒメ・ウカノミタマ神・ミズハノメ神）で、お社日様
・オイゲ様の池には大鰻が棲み、その鰻は神の使い（鰻は虚空蔵さん・北辰妙見・弁天様の使神）
・泣沢女（なきさわめ）で、女の百姓神
・オイゲ様の神体は陽根石、或いは陽根石と女陰石の一対
・百姓神で、神母・山の神・オサバイ（お三昧）様の三神
・水の神様である
・女を嫌う神様である
・伊勢神母大明神（アマテル神）のことである

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土佐郡 Tosa district 本川村 Hongawa village

山の神の祟り curse
yama naki ki naki 「山泣き木泣き」"the mountain weeps, the trees are weeping"
is a ｐproverb in Tosa.
On the 12th day of every month, it is not allowed to cut trees. If it is done, the roots will not wither properly and the bark will roll inside.

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土佐郡 Tosa district 土佐山村 Tosayama mura

kazefuke カゼフケ "meeting with a bad wind", catching a cold
In Tosa they say "meeting with a relative of Yamanokami".
A diviner can tell them what happened. Usually a woodcutter had cut down a divine tree and this is the punishment.
- - - - -
sakiyama サキヤマ / 杣 forest workers, wood cutters
They must observe taboos. Not to make fire in the woods. Not to use the words 針、猫、猿、坊主 needle, cat, monkey or priest.
Never go seven people in a group.
- - - - -
tatari yama 祟り山 cursed mountain
The owner of a cursed mountain is bound to suffer.
A man recently bought such a mountain, but soon became quite ill.
There are also taboo trees in the forest, with something like a serpent hanging around the trees.
- - - - -
山の神の祟り curse
Once a young man had been working in the forest, but when he came home his leg was hurting very much.
A diviner told him he had cut down a divine tree and this is the punishment.
To apologize, he brought a ritual wand and placed it at the root of the cut tree, also 白餅 12 white mochi rice cakes.
After the offerings, he got well soon.
A woman
had been digging for mountain yam near the small shrine of Yamanokami. When she came home her leg was hurting very much.
A diviner told her to aoplogize and make offerings. After that she got well soon.

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- reference source : nichibun yokai database -

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. Legends about Yamanokami 山の神と伝説　.

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- - - - - . Join the Updates of Facebook ! . - - - - -

. Yama no Kami 山の神 - Table of Contents - .

. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

sangaku shinkoo　山岳信仰 religion of the High Mountains is a different matter.

. Shrine, Shinto Shrine (jinja　神社) - Introduction .

. kami　神　Shinto deities - ABC-LIST - .

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- #yamanokami #godofthemountains #tanokami -
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gokg

21 Jun 2018

HEIAN - Sennin Ho-On Daishi

https://heianperiodjapan.blogspot.com/2018/04/sennin-hoon-daishi.html

Sennin Hoon Daishi

[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
. sennin　仙人と伝説 Legends about Immortals .
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Hoo-on Daishi 報恩大師 Ho-On Daishi
報恩大徳 Ho-on Daitoku

He is Nr. 15 of
. 日本の仙人37人 - The 37 Immortals of Japan .

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He was a monk in the Nara period.
Not much is known about him.
He was born in 備前国津高郡波珂, now 岡山市北区芳賀 Kaga, Okayama city.
Other sources quote he was born in Nara prefecture.
At the age of 15 he became a monk at the temple 法華経寺 Hokekyo-Ji , now 岡山市北区日応寺 Nichio-Ji in Okayama city.
He took on the name of 快賢芳賀坊 Kaiken Kaga-Bo .
At the age of 30 he went to 大和吉野山 Mount Yoshinoyama and later to the temple 山城国清水寺 Kiyomizudera.
There he learned how to jump freely up to the clouds in the sky.

Together with 摩訶上人 Saint Maka Shonin he organized 備前国内に四十八ヶ寺 the Pilgrim Route to 48 temples in Bizen on behalf of 孝謙天皇 Emperor Koken (718 - 770). The Emperor had fallen ill in 752 and wanted to something special to get better.
Ho-On founded the temple 報恩山子嶋寺 Hoonzan Kojimadera in Nara.
He died in 795, maybe at 千手山 Senjusan at Mount Hoonyama, where he had founded the temple
弘法寺 Kobo-Ji in Okayama
In the back of Kobo-Ji is a hall in honor of Ho-On, 報恩大師堂.
Okayama Prefecture, Setouchi, Ushimado Senju

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報恩大師　開基備前　48寺 Bizen Pilgrimage in honor of Ho-On Daishi
備前国四拾八ケ寺領并分国中大社領目録（金山寺文書・文禄４年ｰ1595）
- List and photos of all the temples
- reference source : s_minaga/bizen48... -

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報恩山子嶋寺 Hoonzan Kojimadera
Nara Prefecture, Takaichi District, Takatori, Kangakuji, 544

source : wikipedia

- quote -
Kojimadera Temple
One of the sacred sites of the Kannon Bodhisattva in western Japan, said to have been founded in 760, this temple followed Tsubosakadera and Hasedera in prosperity during the Heian period. Its gate, a secondary gate of Takatori castle relocated here, is the only portion of the castle buildings to survive.
When the head priest said prayers to cure the illness of Emperor Ichijo and he healed completely, he was granted as reward the Mandala of the Womb Realm scroll, which is a designated National Treasure.
The scroll is in the custody of the Nara National Museum, and a replica hangs in the temple's image hall, where it can be publicly seen.
- source : city.kashihara.nara.jp... -

- quote -
Kojima mandara　子島曼荼羅 / Also read Koshima mandara.
A pair of Mandala of the Two Realms *Ryoukai mandara 両界曼荼羅 in gold and silver paint on dark-blue twill originally kept at Kojimadera 子島寺 in Nara. but now preserved at the Nara National Museum. Also known as Tobi mandara 飛曼荼羅 or Hikou mandara 飛行曼荼羅 (flying mandara). The Matrix mandala *Taizoukai mandara 胎蔵界曼荼羅 is 349.1cm X 307.9cm in size and the Diamond World mandala *Kongoukai mandara 金剛界曼荼羅 is 351.3cm X 297.0cm.
According to the temple tradition, Shinkou 真興 Shinko (934-1004), who restored Kojimadera during the late Heian period, was given these two mandala by the emperor Ichijou 一条 during the Chouhou 長保 era (999-1004), and they remained treasured possessions of the temple until recent times. Iconographically they differ markedly from orthodox versions of the Ryoukai mandara as transmitted by *Kuukai 空海 (774-835): for example, the 16 deities of the Auspicious Aeon gengou juurokuson 賢劫十六尊 are missing from the Vanquisher of the Three Worlds, Gouzanze-e 降三世会 in the Kongoukai mandara, while in the Taizoukai mandara the positions of Tenkuraion 天鼓雷音 and Kaifukeou 開敷華王 in the Chuudai hachiyouin 中台八葉院 have been intercanged and the number of deities in the Soshitsuji-in 蘇悉地院 has been increased to 16.
It is generally considered that they date from around the Chouhou era when they are said to have been given to Shinkou but there are some scholars who place the date of their execution in the early Heian period. They are at any rate an unusually early example of the Ryoukai mandara, and because they are also in an extremely good state of preservation, they have been designated national treasures.
- source : JAANUS -

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Senjusan Kobooji 千手山弘法寺 Senjusan Kobo-Ji - Okayama

- HP of the temple
- reference source : nerikuyo.com -

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. Japanese Legends - 伝説　民話　昔話 – ABC-List .

................................................................................. Okayama 岡山県　

金山寺 Temple Kinzan-Ji
Once upon a time, at the temple Kinzan-Ji there lived a huge toad and a huge serpent.
They used to fight all the time, but thanks to the spiritual power of High Priest Ho-On they stopped.
Now this fight has become a round of "tug of war" with a huge rope at the temple festival.

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- reference : Nichibun Yokai Database -

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. sennin 天狗と仙人伝説 Legends about Tengu and Immortals .

. sennin　仙人と伝説 Legends about Immortals .

. Japan - Shrines and Temples - Index .

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[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]
- - #hoondaishi #senninhoon -
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13 Jun 2018

SENNIN - Kyotai Osho Miidera

https://heianperiodjapan.blogspot.com/2018/04/sennin-kyotai-osho.html

Sennin Kyotai Osho

After Chisho's arrival, Kyotai went into a cave and did not come out again.
Later Chisho Daishi put up a stone memorial on the cave.

Since olden times, people who come here to become a monk have their hair cut and offer it on the altar of this hall.
- reference -

. Miidera, Mii-dera 三井寺 Temple Mii .

. Chisho Daishi 智証大師 / 智證大師 / Enchin 圓珍 / 円珍 .
(814 - 891) nephew of Kobo Daishi

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. oshoo 和尚　priest - Introduction .

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. sennin 天狗と仙人伝説 Legends about Tengu and Immortals .

. sennin　仙人と伝説 Legends about Immortals .

. Japan - Shrines and Temples - Index .

[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　. TOP . ]
[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]
- - #kyotai "kyotaiosho #miidera -
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11 Jun 2018

HEIAN - Yamanokami Kagawa legends

https://japanshrinestemples.blogspot.com/2017/08/yama-no-kami-regional-14-kagawa.html

Yama no Kami Regional 14 Kagawa

[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
. Yama no Kami 山の神 Yamanokami - Introduction .
. Ta no Kami 田の神 Tanokami - Introduction .
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Yama no Kami 山の神 God of the Mountain
and Legends from Kagawa 香川県

. Legends about Yamanokami 山の神と伝説　.

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山の神展望台 Yamanokami Tenbodai Observatory
丸亀市広島町茂浦 Hiroshimacho village, Moura, Marugame, Kagawa

. Yama-no-kami Kofungun 山ノ神古墳群 Yamanokami Kofungun .
香川県坂出市加茂町山の神下 / Yamanokami shita, Kamocho, Sakaide, Kagawa "below Yama no Kami Tumulus"

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Japan's Smallest Prefecture, Kagawa, has the best Udon in the world, Sanuki udon!
. 讃岐うどん Sanuki udon noodles .
讃岐国

手打ちうどん山の神　hand-made Udon - Yama no Kami
大阪府大阪市北区曽根崎新地 - Restaurant in Osaka

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. Yamanokami and his messenger, the Yamainu 山犬 Wolf .
仲多度郡 Nakatado district 琴南町 Kotonami

In Sanuki there are no really tall mountains. Mount 飯野山 Inoyama, better known as 讃岐富士 Sanuki Fuji,
has a flat top almost like a soup bowl. The 四国山脈 Shikoku Mountain Range is difficult to access, with thick forests and dark mountain paths. There are few people, and this is an area to get lost easily. If people were not careful, they might meet a Yokai monster or even worse, not find their way back home.
Under these difficult natural conditions, the villagers in former times took to Yamanokami for help and protection. Before going to the forest for work, they would make offerings and prayers to 山の神さま Yama no Kami sama, a female deity.
Her messenger was the wolf.
Here in Sanuki he was a gentle helper and path finder for lost people. When they called for him in the forest, a wolf would show up and lead the way to the village.

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ryuuoosan no kai 竜王山の怪 Ryuo-San no kai monster
At 竜王山 Mount Ryuosan "Dragon King Mountain", 1060 m high, people sometimes hear the voice of children, even if nobody is there. Sometimes there is a loud noise, sometimes someone is laughign, even a huge priest has been seen roaming around.
Fishermen can see a light above the mountain from their boats. They say it is the Deity of the Mountain having some fun up there.

ushi no yoo na mono 牛のようなもの like a bull
A man named 岡馬次郎 Okaba Jiro went to his water mill for work. On the way he passed Mount 菅生のトキ Sugo no Toki when he saw something like a bull running past. The ground begun to shake and the bull run up to the top of the mountain. Back home Jiro asked the other villagers, but they had not felt any shaking of the ground.
It must have been the local Yamanokami, taking a ride.

yamaneko 山猫 mountain cat
A man was making charcoal, taking them out in the middle of the night, when he heard the voice of a cat. The voice got louder and louder and he thought the cat must have been frightened by Yamanokami.
From this day on, he never worked at night in the mountain.

.......................................................................　Higashi-Kagawa 東かがわ市 .....

The 7th day of the first lunar month is ヤマノカミノキダネマキ the day when Yamanokami plants the seeds for new trees in the forest.
People are not allowed to go to the mountain on this day. If someone dares to go, he might meet Yamanokami and get lost for ever, never to come back. Or he might get a severe wound on his head.
Some families keep this taboo on the ninth day of the first lunar month.

.......................................................................　Marugame 丸亀市 .....
手島町 Teshima

On the ninth day of the first lunar month, Yamanokami performs 護摩を焚く special fire rituals and people are not allowed to go to the mountain.

.......................................................................　Nakatado district 仲多度郡 .....
琴南町 Kotonami

Every month on the ninth day, people do not go to the mountain. This is a day to celebrate Yamanokami with food offerings.
Other families do not go to the mountain on the 7th day of the first, fifth and ninth lunar month.

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- reference source : nichibun yokai database -

..............................................................................................................................................

. Legends about Yamanokami 山の神と伝説　.

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

- - - - - . Join the Updates of Facebook ! . - - - - -

. Yama no Kami 山の神 - Table of Contents - .

. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

sangaku shinkoo　山岳信仰 religion of the High Mountains is a different matter.

. Shrine, Shinto Shrine (jinja　神社) - Introduction .

. kami　神　Shinto deities - ABC-LIST - .

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]
- #yamanokami #godofthemountains #tanokami #kagawa -
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7 Jun 2018

SENNIN - Gyoei Koji

https://heianperiodjapan.blogspot.com/2018/04/sennin-gyoei-koji.html

Sennin Gyoei Koji

清水寺　観音像　Kiyomizu Kannon

- quote -
It was said that Kiyomisu Dera was found by a Nara monk named Enchin who practiced asceticism in 778.
He met a Buddhist old recluse called Gyoei Koji while wandering nearby Otowa-ni-taki waterfall, to look for a site with a golden stream to build a temple, after being inspired in a dream.
Gyoei told him that he was a devotee to Kannon Bodhisattva and had been waiting for him to come as he was to leave. He presented the monk a piece of wood and left.
Monk Enchin soon found a pair of sandals on top of the hill and realized that the old hermit was a Bodhisattva.
The monk Enchin later created an image of eleven headed thousand armed image of Kannon and carved it on the sacred log given to him by Gyoei, and built a little hut to house it.
One day, General Sakanone Tamuramaro (758-811) happened to pass by the waterfall when hunting a deer. He met Enchin. Seeing him killing a deer and carrying it in hand, the monk delivered him a Dharma talk and lectured him with merciful teaching of Kannon Bodhisattva. General Tamuramaro repented and became a pious disciple to Enchin, devoted and in faith to Kannon. He donated a proper hall to enshrine the image of Kannon by dismantling his own house and in year 794, he contributed to the master
The Emperor's old residence that was gifted to him after the emperor built a new palace when moved to Kyoto. The building was made into the main shrine hall of the temple.
- source : ANICCA -

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. Kiyomizu-dera 清水寺 Kyoto .

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. Japanese Legends - 伝説　民話　昔話 – ABC-List .

. Sakanoue no Tamuramaro 坂上田村麻呂 .
(758 - 811)
conquering the Emishi (蝦夷征伐 Emishi Seibatsu) in Tohoku.

................................................................................. Fukushima 福島県　
田村郡 Tamura district 三春町 Miharu

kinma 木馬（きんま) "wooden horse"
Tamuramaro fought against the local tribesman, 大多鬼丸」（大滝丸） Otaki Maru, who lived in a cave at 大滝根山 Mount Otakine san (1,192 m).
延鎮上人 Saint Enchin had carved the statue of Kannon at temple Kiyomizudera and from the left-over pieces of wood had carved 鞍馬 100 wooden horses with saddles and sent them to Tamuramaro. Tamuramaro put the horses in his armor and left for Tohoku. When he was in a pinch fighting, all of a sudden 100 horsemen came out and helped him fight at Mount Otakine.
When he returned in triumph, the horses had disappeared from his armor.
One day later, one of the wooden horses was found all sweating at 高柴村 Takanomura village near 三春 Miharu. A man named 杵阿弥 Kiami realized it was one of the wooden horses given by Enchin and out of piety he carved the other 99 anew.
Three years later, the one horse became missing. The family of Kiami still preserves the memory of the wooden horses.
When they gave a horse to a family with an ill child, the child got well very soon. Now the horses are a kind of amulet for bringing up healthy children in Miharu.

People kept them as talismans for an easy birth of their horses.
They also build statues of a Kannon with a horsehead (Bato Kannon) at the entrance of their villages to protect their animals.

. Miharu koma 三春駒 horses from Miharu .

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- reference : Nichibun Yokai Database -

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. sennin 天狗と仙人伝説 Legends about Tengu and Immortals .

. sennin　仙人と伝説 Legends about Immortals .

. Japan - Shrines and Temples - Index .

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- - #senningyoei #gyoeikoji #enchin #kiyomizu -
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30 May 2018

HEIAN - Sennin Kisen Hoshi

https://heianperiodjapan.blogspot.com/2018/03/sennin-kisen-hoshi.html

Sennin Kisen Hoshi

- quote -
Kisen (喜撰) also known as Kisen Hōshi (喜撰法師)
was an early Heian period Buddhist monk (僧 sō) and poet.
Little is known about his life other than that he lived in Ujiyama.

When Ki no Tsurayuki wrote the Japanese preface (仮名序 kanajo) of the Kokinshū, he selected Kisen as one of the six poetic sages (六歌仙 rokkasen) whose work was to be considered as superior. Tsurayuki says the following to comment on Kisen's work.

ことばかすかにして始め終りたしかならず
kotoba kasuka ni shite hajime wohari tashikanarazu.
The use of words is a delicate thing—from start to end it does not express the thing that actually is.

いはば、秋の月を見るに、暁の雲にあへるがごとし
ihaba, aki no tsuki wo miruni, akatsuki no kumo ni aheru ga gotoshi.
That is to say, to speak of the autumn moon, one compares it to the clouds at dawn.

Kisen
is sometimes said to be the author of the poetry collection waka sakushiki (倭歌作式) (also known as the kisen-shiki (喜撰式)), but it is probably apocryphal and created well after the end of the Heian period.

The following two eika (詠歌) of Kisen are the only poems that can be confidently traced back to him.

わが庵は都の辰巳しかぞすむ世を宇治山と人はいふなり
waga iho ha miyako no tatsumi shika zo sumu yo wo ujiyama to hito ha ifu nari
Loosely:
People say that I am a secluded hermit living in Ujiyama, but my hermitage is just to the southeast of the capital!
(Kokinshū 18:983; also in the Ogura Hyakunin Isshu)

木の間より見ゆるは谷の蛍かもいさりに海人の海へ行くかも
ki no ma yori miyuru ha tani no hotaru kamo isari ni ama no umi he yuku kamo
Loosely:
What I see through the trees seems to be the fireflies (蛍 hotaru) from the valley—or is that the luring fires (漁火 isaribi) of the fishermen as they head to the sea?
(Gyokuyōshū 400)
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

source : gregorius.jp/presentation...

Kisenyama 喜撰山 Mount Kisen - 91 m high
in Kyoto, UJi 京都府宇治市池尾南組
and
喜撰山ダム Kisenyama dam
a rockfill hydroelectric dam finished in 1970.

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- Rokkasen 六歌仙 6 Immortal Waka poets

source : yahoo.co.jp/image...

- quote -
The Rokkasen (六歌仙, "six poetry immortals") are six Japanese poets of the mid-ninth century who were named by Ki no Tsurayuki in the kana and mana prefaces to the poetry anthology Kokin wakashū (c. 905–14) as notable poets of the generation before its compilers.
... There are numerous phrases that show the conceptualization of these six as a cohesive group, but the term "Rokkasen" first appeared in an early Kamakura-period commentary on Kokin wakashū,
titled Sanryūshō 三流抄.

僧正遍昭 Sōjō Henjō, 17 poems
在原業平 Ariwara no Narihira, 30 poems
文屋康秀 Funya no Yasuhide, 1 poem
喜撰法師 Kisen Hōshi, 1 poem
小野小町 Ono no Komachi, 18 poems
大友黒主 Ōtomo no Kuronushi, 3 poems

The concept of the rokkasen had a lasting legacy on poetic scholarship both in the pre-modern and modern periods....
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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- - - - - H A I K U - - - - -

喜撰法師蛍の歌も詠まれけり
Kisen Hoshi hotaru no uta mo yomarekeri

Kisen Hoshi
has also written a poem
about fireflies . . .
Tr. Gabi Greve

山口素堂 Yamaguchi Sodo

. kigo - hotaru 蛍 firefly .

鮎汲や喜撰が嶽に雲かゝる
高井几董

喜撰山入道雲の頭出て Kisenyama
辻田克巳

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. sennin 天狗と仙人伝説 Legends about Tengu and Immortals .

. sennin　仙人と伝説 Legends about Immortals .

. Japan - Shrines and Temples - Index .

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[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]
- - #senninkisen #kisenhoshi
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20 May 2018

SHRINES - Yama no Kami 13 Regional Iwate

[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
. Yama no Kami 山の神 Yamanokami - Introduction .
. Ta no Kami 田の神 Tanokami - Introduction .
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Yama no Kami 山の神 God of the Mountain
and Legends from Iwate 岩手県

. Legends about Yamanokami 山の神と伝説　.

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Yamanokami Onsen 山の神温泉 hot spring Yamanokami
岩手県花巻市 Hanamaki town

優香苑 Yukaen
Our popular hot spring is 100% natural spring water, made soft and silky on the skin due to its high content of natural mineral deposits. You can enjoy looking at our mountain stream while submerged in the hot water of our large outdoor bath. We also recommend our spacious indoor bath with its high ceiling.
- source and more hot springs : kanko-hanamaki.ne.jp/en... -

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. noogami 農神 / ノウガミ様 No-gami, Nogami, God of the Farmers .
deity for agriculture, especially the rice fields and sake rituals.

On the 16th day of the third lunar month, Yamanokami goes back to the Mountain, and in his place Nogami comes down to the village and the farmers. The villagers have to get up early and make fire. If the smoke climbs up high into the sky, the family will be lucky.

.......................................................................　Kunohe district 九戸郡 .....

To celebrate Nogami on the 16th day of the third and 9th lunar month, villagers prepare
ウキウキダンゴ Ukiuki Dango and offer them to the deity.

. ukiukidango, ukiuki dango うきうきだんご / ウキウキ団子 .
"dumplings swimming buyoantly"
An offering for nogamisama 農神様 God of the Farmers.
ukiuki is a word used for things dumpling on water, as the dumplings do when put into the hot soup.
They are prepared for the last prayer to the god of the harvest (nogamisama) to take with him on his way back to the mountains. Nogamisama is a large boulder at the side of the field.
Made from millet flour mixed (kibiko きび粉) with dango flour.
They are round with a little cavity in the middle "like a navel", so in local dialect they are also called
"hetchoko dango "へっちょこだんご "navel dumplings".

.......................................................................
Yamanokami is seen as a Monkey or as a woman. In some regions he is even seen as a Tengu.
. Yamanokami, 猿 the Monkey .
.......................................................................

In 平内 Hiranai,
the 9th day of the 12th lunar month is the day when Yamanokami, gives birth. Villagers avoid going to the forest on this day, because it brings bad luck and causes injuries.
In 戸田 Toda,
on the 9th day of the 2nd lunar month it is forbidden to go to the mountain. This is the day when Yamanokami is born or re-born. Field work is not done on this day and people hold sacred rituals to venerate the deity.
On this day, Yamanokami also counts the trees in the forest and people can not go there. They take a rest.
Once a wood cutter tried to cut a tree down, but splinters hit his eye and he lost is eyesight.
.
On the 12th day of the 12th lunar month, Yamanokami becomes one year older. This is his special day. Yamanokami has 12 children and women of the village prepare dishes with 12 pieces of Tofu.
If a woman eats such a dish, she will get pregnant and will have 12 children - so the women avoid eating these dishes.

.......................................................................
軽米町 Karumai

Once there was a family with people falling ill, one after the other. An oracle told them to build a small sanctuary for Yamanokami and pray there.

sugi no tatari 杉の祟り curse of the Japanese cedar tree
There was a Shinboku in the forest, but one villager cut it down. He died soon after. The person who bought the wood became blind.
To bread the curse the villagers had to offer prayers at the local Wakamiya Hachiman 若宮八幡 shrine.

. shinboku 神木, shinju　神樹　sacred tree, divine tree .

.......................................................................
山形村 Yamagatamura

Yamanokami is seen as a female deity who gives birth to 12 children in one year, one in each month.

.......................................................................　Shimohei district 下閉伊郡 .....
.......................................................................
岩泉町 Iwaizumi

Yamanokami no koshikake 山の神の腰掛 seat of Yamanokami
A tree with three stems is seen as a seat of Yamanokami and not to be cut down.

. Yamanokami no hooki 山の神の箒 broom of Yamanokami .
and the tengusubyoo 天狗巣病 "nest of a Tegnu", witch's broom disease

namomitakuri ナモミタクリ namomi takuri
Namomi Takuri is another name for Yamanokami. He takes away crying children and eats them. He comes down to the village only during the New Year celebrations.

This is similar to the custom of the
. Namahage なまはげ monsters .
(namomi o hagu)
Similar customs to the Namahage : 遠野市のナモミタクリやヒカタタクリ等がある。
..... namomihagi なもみ剥ぎ, amamihagi あまみはぎ
namamihagi 生身剥（なまみはぎ）、nagomehagi なごめ剥（なごめはぎ）、namomitakuri なもみたくり、ひがたたくり、nanamitakuri ななみたくり、namomi hagi なもみ剥（なもみはぎ）

.......................................................................　Shizukuishi 雫石町 .....

In the village of 南畑ミナミハタ Minamihata they have a festival for Yamanokami.
On this day, young and old, men and women, all use a furoshiki 風呂敷 cotton wrapper to make a mask for their faces and dance in the local Shrine. After that, they spend the night all together in the Shrine (zakone).
If they do not keep this custom, the harvest of 麻 hemp will be bad in the coming year.

. zakone 雑魚寝 sleeping together .
"group sleep" - "like all kind of fish", all crowded together

.......................................................................　Tono 遠野市 Tōno .....

- - - Reference:
山神の憑依について「岩手県遠野地方の事例から」by 川島秀一 Kawashima Shuichi

.......................................................................

A man of about 30 went to a drinking party and came home quite drunk. He mumbled all the time "Yamanokami has taken possession of me!" and then he fell asleep.
A friend who knew about it came visiting next morning and kneeled at his bedside to ask him a question, using him as a medium.
The man said they should venerate Ujigami 氏神 the clan deity and pray for his recovery. After ten days the man was healed and the friend came to say thank you.
Thus the man became quite famous.
- - - - -
Another man possessed by Yamanokami could see right through to the truth in the heart of people.
He told a visitor: In the ground of the entrance to your house there is an old mirror and a sword buried. If you take that away, someone in the house will die soon or the house will burn down. When the visitor came home and started to dig, he found the mirror and sword.
- - - - -
Where the road comes to a T-crossing a villager heard the noise of someone walking down the mountain. When he looked up he saw a huge naked man, all red and with frightening eyes.
This was Yamanokami.
- - - - -
If the female Yamanokami does not come down to help with a birth, three will be a problem. Therefore the husband of a pregnant woman has to go and invite the deity when birth comes close.
The husband takes a horse an lets it find its way, When the horse suddenly stops there is a voice to be heard and the husband knows that Yamanokami is now sitting on the horse. So he leads the horse back home and then makes an announcement. Usually the baby is born by the time the husband comes back.
- - - - -

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田の神神社 - Shrine Tanokami Jinja in Tono

Ta no Kami 田の神

Yama no Kami 山の神

- reference source : dostoev.exblog.jp... -

田の神神社（上郷町倉田）
地元の方は「お田の神さん」と呼んでいるそうです。別当の方はここから少し離れた処にお住まいで草刈りに先日奥様が来ていたとか。この神社の近くに庚申塔群があります。すべての石塔が庚申塔というのもめずらしい。この庚申塔の手入れをしている奥様に伺いました。この方は駒形神社の別当ということで先祖代々受け継ぐ者の苦労をお聞きすることが出来ました。
- reference source : flickr.com/photos... -

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- reference source : nichibun yokai database -

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. Legends about Yamanokami 山の神と伝説　.

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- - - - - . Join the Updates of Facebook ! . - - - - -

. Yama no Kami 山の神 - Table of Contents - .

. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

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sangaku shinkoo　山岳信仰 religion of the High Mountains is a different matter.

. Shrine, Shinto Shrine (jinja　神社) - Introduction .

. kami　神　Shinto deities - ABC-LIST - .

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- #yamanokami #godofthemountains #tanokami #iwate -
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Posted By Gabi Greve to Japan - Shrines and Temples on 8/20/2017 04:00:00 pm

19 May 2018

HEIAN - Yama no Kami 11 Regional Ibaraki Ishikawa

[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
. Yama no Kami 山の神 Yamanokami - Introduction .
. Ta no Kami 田の神 Tanokami - Introduction .
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Yama no Kami 山の神 God of the Mountain
and Legends from Ibaraki 茨城県 and Ishikawa 石川県

. Legends about Yamanokami 山の神と伝説　.

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.......................................................................　Ibaraki 茨城県 .....

Yamanokami and the 庚申 Koshin Deity

. Tsukuba san 筑波山 Mount Tsukuba, Tsukubasan .

.......................................................................
日立市 Hitachi 入四間町 Irishiken cho

. Yamanokami no yadorigi 山の神さんの宿り木 sacred tree for Yamanokami .
When a forest worker tried to cut down the sacred tree of Yamanokami in Irishiken town, he was struck by kanashibari 金縛り a sudden paralysis and could not move any more.

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常陸太田市 Hitachi Ota 真弓町 Mayumi

shinboku 神木 sacred tree
On the mountain of the deity 真弓権現 Mayumi Gongen was a sacred tree for this Kami. But the magistrate had it cut down and sold it anyway. But the tree was taken away by a flood during a strong rain, so the magistrate had another tree cut down. That night there was a yamanari 山鳴り strange rumbling in the mountain and 10 of the forest workers fell dead on the spot. The other workers saw this and fled in great fear.

.......................................................................
石岡市 Ishioka

ryuu 龍 dragons
A male and a female dragon are seen as Yamanokami.
The male dragon once shape-shifted into a woman near the pond, met a young samurai and the two fell in love. But the young samurai died after their first encounter.

.......................................................................
北都留郡 Kita-Tsuru district 小菅村 Kosuge

. Yama no Kami matsuri 山の神祭り Yamanokami festival .

On the second day of the first lunar month, workers take a rest and go to the mountain.
They bring offerings of sake 酒 rice wine in bamboo tubes and place sasa ササの葉 bamboo grass leaves in it. They pour these offerings over the leaves of a tree.
This tree will then become a sacred tree for Yamanokami.

.......................................................................
久慈郡 Kuji district 大子町 Daigo

. daija 大蛇 huge serpent .
In a cave there lives a huge serpent and prevents humans from passing along the road. So the villagers came in a large crowd and drove her out. They could now drink the water from the well and jump into the pond. One man who talked about this pointed to another and became suddenly invisible. The one pointed was maybe the serpent and the others shot him down with arrows.
One arrow hit the eye of the serpent and the animal fled into the pond, where it died.
The people living around the pond say the serpent was Yamanokami.

.......................................................................
久慈郡 Kuji district 中里村 Nakasato

. Yamanokami no yadorigi 山の神さんの宿り木 sacred tree for Yamanokami .
Once a wood worker cut down this tree and thus was hit by the jintsuriki 神通力 divine power of Yamanokami. He could not move his body any more.
After special rituals to honor Yamanokami this spell was finally broken and he could move again.

.......................................................................
久慈郡 Kuji district 小里村 Osato

. Yamanokami no yadorigi 山の神さんの宿り木 sacred tree for Yamanokami .

「峰の三つ股、沢の二股」
A tree with three main stems on the top of a mountain and a tree with two main stems near a swamp are sacred to Yamanokami.
Once a man tried to cut such a tree but instead hit his own leg and obtained a great wound. To heal better he went to a hot spring. While he was on his way, his own home burned down . . . Yamanokami took his revenge.
These trees are also sacred to the Tengu in Gunma.

.......................................................................
桜川市 Sakuragawa 真壁町 Makabe

dondoya no tatari ドンドヤの祟り， dondoyaki no tatari ドンドヤキの祟り
Yamanokami gets angry easily. He is also very poor. If a debt collector comes to his home, he will burn it down and flee fast.
On the 15th day of the 11th lunar month, children prepare straw and make a fire for the Dondonya ritual near the Pine of Yamanokami. The ashes from this fire are never taken back home, this would bring a curse of Yamanokami.

. . dondon yaki どんどん焼き fire rituals .

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多賀郡 Taga district 十王町 Juo machi

. daija 大蛇 huge serpent .
The 弁天池 Benten-Ike pond never dries up.
Putting a stick into the pond and praying for rain to Yamanokami, then taking home some water from the pond, will certainly lead to a good rainfall soon.
In former times there lived a huge serpent in the pond.
. 源義家八幡太郎 Minamoto no Yoshiie Hachimantaro, . (1039 – 1106) built the temple 八幡寺 Hachiman-Ji (Yahata-Ji). Sometimes villagers can see a huge serpent sleeping on the veranda of the temple.
If people throw improper unclead things into the pond, there will soon be a strong storm.

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.......................................................................　Ishikawa 石川県 .....

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能美郡 Nomi district 新丸村 Shinmaru mura

Yamanokami is the same as a 天狗 Tengu.
On days were it is not allowed to go to the mountain, all forest workers must rest. If someone does not keep this taboo and goes to work, he will get hurt and have other misfortunes.

.......................................................................
白峰村 Shiramine mura

. Kanko odori かんこ踊 Kanko Dance festival .
in honor of Saint Taicho coming down from the mountain.
Yamanokami is seen as a Tengu.

Related to
. Hakusan shinkoo 白山信仰 Hakusan (Shiramine) belief .

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- reference source : nichibun yokai database -

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. Legends about Yamanokami 山の神と伝説　.

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16 May 2018

HEIAN - Sennin Gotenbayashi

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. sennin　仙人と伝説 Legends about Immortals .
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Gotenbayashi Sennin 御殿林仙人

He is mentioned in the second volume of
. 本朝神仙記伝 / 本朝神仙伝 Honcho Shinsenden .

He lived in 信濃国更科郡御殿林 Shinano no Kuni, Sarashina district, Gotenbayashi (now 長野県 Nagano)

He was born in 上野国 Kozuke no Kuni (now Gunma).
He is first mentioned in 1875. He was first seen in 六月（みなづき）村 Minatsuki mura by a farmer, named 信平（しんべい） Shinbei.
Shinbei saw a rather tall man who was looking for a horse to help with his farming. To pay for the horse the man gave Shinbei a medicine and said:
汝これを食はば死ぬまで病の患ひあるべからず
"Dear man, if you eat this you will never get ill until you die."
He gave the man the fruit of a tree named komoshii コモシイ.
The tall man said that he was 神仙にも天狗にもあらず neither a Shinsen nor a Tengu.
He had left the world of dust behind him and lived in the mountain, not counting the years he had been there.

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There is a famous Gotenbayashi Forest in Yamagata.
Kiyokawa, Shonai Town, Higashitagawa-gun, Yamagata / 山形県東田川郡庄内町清川

Gotenbayashi

- quote -
Gotenbayashi Forest
The forest is the battleground where the Shonai Clan and the new government army fought in the Japanese civil war between Imperial and shogunate forces. Today, there is a walking path.
In 1893, the poet, Masaoka Shiki visited and composed a poem about cicadas.
- source : navishonai.jp/spot... -

清川口古戦場「御殿林」に建つ子規句碑。次の「はて知らずの記」８月９日の条の一節を刻む。
漸くにして清川に達す。舟を捨てて陸に上る。河辺杉木立深うして良材に富む。此処戊辰戦争の故蹟なりと聞きて、
- reference source : bashouan.com... -

蜩（ひぐらし）の　二十五年も　昔かな
higurashi no nijuugo nen mo mukashi kana

. Masaoka Shiki 正岡子規 (1867 - 1902) .

higurashi 蜩 evening cicada, Tanna japonensis
. hatsu higurashi 初蜩 first Higurashi .
- kigo for mid-summer -

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. sennin 天狗と仙人伝説 Legends about Tengu and Immortals .

. sennin　仙人と伝説 Legends about Immortals .

. Japan - Shrines and Temples - Index .

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Posted By Gabi Greve to Heian Period Japan on 3/30/2018 09:57:00 am