KAPPA - Mado Monster Road

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. Onipedia - 鬼ペディア　- Oni Demons - ABC-List - .
. mamono 魔物 monster, ogre, devil, evil spirit, demon .
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madoo 魔道 - まどう Mado, road where monsters pass
ma no toorimichi 魔の通り道 / masuji, ma-suji 魔筋
mamono no toorimichi 魔物の通り道
nawasuji, nawa-suji 縄筋

The term mamono can be translated in various ways. I will use "monster", to make a difference from the Oni.

. mamono 魔物 monster, ogre, devil, evil spirit, demon .
- Introduction -




nawasuji 縄筋（なわすじ） "road like a rope"
"Monster roads" are known in many parts of Japan.
They are said to be 細長い一本道 very long, narrow, straight roads and people should not built homes near them.

Mado can also indicate a monster that passes on this road.

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. Japanese Legends - 伝説　民話　昔話 – ABC-List .

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愛媛県 Ehime
今治市 Imabara town 玉川町 Tamagawa

The road from the lower house to the upper house of 大野の観音様 Ono no Kannon-sama is called
魔の通り道 Monster Road.
Most people avoid to walk along.

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兵庫県 Hyogo
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佐用郡 Sayo district

If someone falls on a 縄筋 Monster Road, he will become ill, therefore people try to avoid these roads.

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香川県 Kagawa

In the village 川津村 Kawatsumura in 1939, they were trying to built a new road across an old Nawasuji Monster Road. But all the workers who helped at the construction site got ill, with strong chest pain and could not continue. Some said they saw a strange monster with a black face and red mouth in their delirium.
Some heard a noise like throwing pebbles at the window pane.
Many had a new kamidana 神棚 Shelf for the Gods placed in their home and after purification rituals, the strange phenomenon stopped.

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長野県 Nagano
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下伊那郡 Shimoina district 遠山村 Toyama

If someone falls asleep in the mountains with his head facing South (minami makura 南枕 pillow in the South), Mado comes as a monster and disturbs him or makes him ill; this is also called
kami makura 神枕 "pillow of the Gods".
Sleeping with the head facing North (kita makura 北枕) will prevent the Mado monster from doing harm.

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岡山県 Okayama

The Monster Roads of Okayama are well researched, thanks to the anthropologist
- - - - - Miura Shūyū 三浦秀宥 Miura Shuyu
ナメラ筋系伝承魔道考 namera suji
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namerasuji, namera-suji ナメラスジ is the local dialect for nawasuji 縄筋.
Other names are
ナマムメスジ namamonosuji, namamono suji and 魔物筋（まものすじ）mamonosuji, mamono suji
kemonosuji, kemono suji ケモノスジ "path of wild animals" is sometimes used.

If people try to build a house along such a Monster Road, they will soon get ill or hurt or there will be fire.
Families living along such a road will never be prosperous and have to observe a lot of taboos.
In former times people often met a Mado monster during the ninth lunar month. In that case they would get a strong headache and had to stay ill in bed for a long time when they came home.

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The pass 遍照寺峠 Henshoji Toge is called a Monster Road.
It is also the road of a 狗嬪 Gubin Yokai monster.

The pass 平の峠 is called a Monster Road.

In the 久米郡 Kume district, 旭町 Asahi, 倭文村 Shitorison village there is a mountain hamlet with a monster road.

In the 苫田郡 Tomata district, 芳野村 Yoshinomura there is a monster road.

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英田郡 Aida district

In the village 栗広村 Awahiro son people could hear the scary noise of someone stomping on fallen leaves on the road. They called the road
kemonosuji ケモノスジ

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赤磐郡 Akaiwa district

kemonosuji, kemono suji ケモノスジ path of wild animals
near the village 竹枝町 Takeeda son. At night the monsters pass here.

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上房郡 Jobo district

The Monster Road of 上房郡呰部町 Azae village has now been turned into a park of Shrine 厳島神社 Itsukushima Jinja.
In a corner of the park is a public toilet. Once a man had to use during the daytime, but inside he saw a huge hand reaching out toward him and fled in panic.

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勝山町 Katsuyama town 魔筋

In the hamlet 延風部落 Nobukaze there is a Monster Road. If people walk along it an night, their hair begins to stand on end. If a crow calls out while walking there, someone is bound to die soon.
Once an old woman had died. On the way to bring her casket to the the cemetery it was already late and they had to pass the Monster Road. They hurried along, feeling the casket getting lighter and lighter. When they checke the next morning, there was no body in the casket any mor.

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久米郡 Kume district

久米郡倭文村桑上、貴船神社の、通称奥の院と称される狼様は、火難盗難の守護神である。12月18日の祭に狼の足跡のある石がある狼様の下の池で米をといで神職が捧げると、狼が出てきてそれを食べるという行事が伝えられている。
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久米郡倭文西村里公文ではナマメスジは山の坂道に当り、其処を通ると髪の毛が立つように思われ、時折は風もないのにゴワゴワと木の葉が揺れる。
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国米某氏が、昭和7，8年頃久米郡三保村錦織のナマメスジを自動車を運転して通りかかると、路上に2つの光りものが見え、そのまま突っ込むと下の川の方に消えた。あまりの恐ろしさに夢中で帰宅すると、全身冷や汗をかき鳥肌になっていた。

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真庭郡 Maniwa district

In the village 川東村 Kawahigashimura behind the local school there was a マメスジ Namamesuji. In the evening people could hear the noise of huge animals passing there. They called the monster animals ナマメ Namame.
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In the village 美川村 Mikawamura below the shrine 栗原神社 Kurihara Jinja there is a Namerasuji, and sometimes a 白狐 white fox can be seen there.
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In the village 津田村 Tsudamura there is a Namerasuji toward the village 西川村 Nishikawa in Kume. It is a scary road and people usually do not walk there. It was especially scary in the ninth lunar month.

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真庭郡 Maniwa district 美和村 Miwason

In the village Miwason are quite a few monster roads. The monsters are creatures other than the 12 zodiac animals.
If people try to build a house along their road, they will soon get ill or hurt or there will be fire.
Families living along this road will never be prosperous and have to observe a lot of taboos..

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真庭郡 Maniwa district 落合町 Ochiai

While building new roads, especially between 津山市 Tsuyama town and Ochiai, they had to cross various Monster Roads. But many villages did not allow this and the roads had to be build across another path, avoiding homes and places with suspicious old legends about Monster Roads.

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津山市 Tsuyama town

A Monster Road is often crossing with a path of wild animals. At a certain farm house they had to cut down the mud wall around the estate to make place for the invisible Monster Road crossing.

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滋賀県 Shiga
大津市 Otsu town

Myoogi Hooshi 妙義法師 Priest Myogi Hoshi
When he stayed at 比叡山 Mount Heiizan, he took it upon himself to teach the lay people about monsters and bad deeds by becoming a Mado himself.
Because of his deeds, the Tengu are venerated at Hieizan.


. Myoogi Hooshi 妙魏法師 Myogi Hoshi .
changing his name from
明魏 Meigi to 妙義 Myogi, and also changing the name of the Mountain range in his honor.
Tengu Myoogizan Nikkooboo 妙義山日光坊 Nikko-Bo, Nikkobo, Myogisan

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徳島県 Tokushima

The wolves here are just a bit larger than normal dogs and like to be with people, especially the forest workers.
When asked "送っていってつかわれ", they will accompany a forest worker back home and teach him to avoid the Mado roads. If the wolf sits down, the worker has to sit down too and wait.
When they reach the home of a worker, his wive has to prepare some rice with soy beans and place it outside the gate.
Next morning the food will be gone and the wolves are content, helping again the next time.


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まどうと山犬さま The Monster Road and the Wolves

Once upon a time
in 阿哲 Atetsu in Okayama at the pass 十文字峠 Jumonji Toge, there were two hungry wolves. They often went down to the village and killed a horse or some chicken for their food. When they were thirsty, they even licked the pee from the outside toilet. The villagers were afraid of them and dared not go to the toilet at night.

But there was an even worse creature at the pass 十文字峠 Jumonji Toge, a 魔物 monster called まどう Mado, but nobody had ever seen it. The villagers were so afraid of Mado, they used the pass only at the most urgent times.

There was a fish monger named 吾作 Gosaku, who carried fresh fish to the village every day and had to pass this pass.
On top he called out "Hey, dear wolves, come for lunch!"
and placed two fresh fish on the side of the road.



One day Gosaku was late and had to cross the pass in the evening. The wolves had been waiting for him for a long time already and were just about to jump at him to kill him, as he thought.
"Well, I gave you food every day and this is your response . . . but it can't be helped! Go ahead and eat me!"

Just then a strong wind begun to blow and the mountain groaned. From down the valley the fearful Mado monster showed up. The two wolves jumped on Gosaku and hid his body on the ground, so that the Mado could not see him.
Mado could not find Gosaku and eventually disappeared down the other side of the valley.

Gosaku survived thanks to the greatfull wolves after all !
The villagers finally realized that the wolves were the messengers of the Mountain Deity. Other villagers now also brought food offerings to the pass and in the course of time the wolves never came down any more to raid the village animals.

- - - - - まんが日本昔ばなし - manga Nihon mukashibanashi
- reference : nihon.syoukoukai.com/modules -


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. Tengupedia - 天狗ペディア　- Tengu ABC-List .



Tengu 天狗 "heavenly dog" - "celestial dog"

Tengu no tooorimichi 天狗の通り道 / テングノトオリミチ road where Tengu pass
Sometimes walking along a mountain road, there is a sudden gust of wind and roaring. This is called
. Tengu tsubute 天狗つぶて / 天狗礫 "Tengu throwing stones" .


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千葉県 Chiba 館山市 Tateyama

In 滝田 Takita there is a Tengu road, where they pass with the most strange sounds when flying past. It is a rather deep forest and sometimes the forest workers, who stay over night in a small hut, can feel it moving and shaking.

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岡山県 Okayama

In some parts of 真庭郡 Maniwa district there are mountains and deep forests, where humans rarely go. There are large pine trees where Tengu come to rest their wings.
Sometimes the Tengu make trees fall down and the mountains squeek. If a forest worker hears that sound, he has to lie down flat on the ground and wait until its over. This is also called
tengu-daoshi 天狗倒し.

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岡山県 Okayama 北房町 Hokubo

Kishiojin キシオジン the female deity Kishio-Jin
(Her name in the local dialect.)
キシオジンの通り筋 road where Kishiojin passes / Kishiojin-suji キシオジン筋

. Kishimojin, Kishibojin 鬼子母神 Kariteimoten (Hariti) - Legends .

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岡山県 Okayama 真庭郡 Maniwa district

There are various Tengu Paths, but nobody knows exactly where they are.
There are also living quarters of the Tengu, and if a person crosses their way, he will be thrown flat on the ground
tengu-daoshi 天狗倒し

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富山県 Toyama 福光町 Fukumitsumachi

Two stems of a tree are becoming one in mid-air. They are called
kamisama no ki カミサマノキ (tengusama no ki テングサマノキ) - tree of the Gods, tree of the Tengu
Inbetween is a "Tengu Road".
These trees should never be cut down, but if they have to be, there is a great sound when they fall to the ground.


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. okuri ookami 送り狼 "a wolf following someone" .
often along a Monster Road.


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kitsune no michi 狐の道 "Fox Road" in Okayama

There is a "Fox Road" . long and narrow, and somewhere in the middle is a boulder with a hole, where a fox family lives. The fox uses this road to get out in the evening and come down to the hamlet. In the morning, he goes home to his hole. Villagers try to avoid passing the road by this boulder. They also do not dare to climb on it, because that would be sitting on the back of the fox and then being taken off to the sky. So they see the boulder as a Shinto anctuary and sometimes come to pray here.



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Kitsune no okurimichi キツネの道送り - A folktale from Kumamoto
- reference source : Manga Nihon Mukashibanashi -


. kitsune densetsu 狐　伝説 fox legends .

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- reference : nichibun yokai database 妖怪データベース -
魔道 - ok // 魔筋 - ok
魔の通り道 - ok

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source : shotakotake.com/yokai

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. Onipedia - 鬼ペディア　- Oni Demons - ABC-List - .

. Tengu 天狗と伝説 Tengu legends "Long-nosed Goblin" .

. - yookai, yōkai 妖怪 Yokai monsters - .

. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

. Mingei 民芸　Regional Folk Art from Japan .

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Posted By Gabi Greve to Kappa - The Kappapedia on 5/04/2017 09:45:00 am

HEIAN - wolf okuri okami legends

- BACK to the Daruma Museum -
. Japanese legends and tales 伝説　民話 昔話 - Introduction .
. ookami 狼 伝説 Okami, wolf legends .
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okuri ookami 送り狼 "a wolf following someone"

. madoo 魔道 - まどう Mado, road where monsters pass .
ma no toorimichi 魔の通り道 / mamono no toorimichi 魔物の通り道
masuji, ma-suji 魔筋 // nawasuji, nawa-suji 縄筋
- Introduction -



source : dostoev.exblog.jp

okuri ookami 送り狼 "a wolf following someone"
If people walk alone on a lonely mountain road,
sometimes they hear a strange sound like a tail hitting the ground and think, a monster wolf is following them.
In that case they should never turn around to have a look. Wolves often follow women, but sometimes also men.
And there are wolves tho are kind and helpful at night.
This monster wold is especially active at sunset. People call this twilight time オオマガトキ ooma ga toki.
If people begin to whistle there will be even more Mamono monsters gather in the area. Children have to be especially careful.


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- - - - - ABC List of the prefectures :

.......................................................................... Okayama　岡山県 ......................................

In Maniwa, 落合町 Ochiai, in the hamlet 栗原 Kurihara there was a woman walking along 城山 Shiroyama, Monster Road, to the next village, when a monster wolf was following her. She went straight home in a hurry, never daring to even look left or right. When she reached home and shut the main gate, she could see two eyes glowing outside and staring at her, then slowly disappearing.


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- reference : nichibun yokai database 妖怪データベース -
55 to explore (02)
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. ookami 狼 伝説 Okami, wolf legends - wolves .

. Legends about Kobo Daishi Kukai - 弘法大師　空海 - 伝説 .

. Japanese legends and tales 伝説　民話　昔話 - Introduction .

- Yookai 妖怪 Yokai Monsters of Japan -
- Introduction -

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Posted By Gabi Greve to Heian Period Japan on 5/06/2017 10:13:00 am

KAPPA ONI - oni wa uchi oni mo uchi

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. Onipedia - 鬼ペディア　- Oni Demons - ABC-List - .
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The normal chant for the Setsubun rituals is :

oni wa soto 鬼は外 "Demons, get out!"　
「鬼は―外！　福は―内！」

. setsubun 節分 "seasonal divide" rituals - Introduction .
on February 3, the day before the beginning of spring (risshun 立春) according to the Asian lunar calendar.

For Setsubun, there are usually two demons, Aka-Oni 赤鬼 Red Demon and Ao-Oni 青鬼 Blue/Green Demon. They have two horns and two eyes.


oniuchimame, oni uchi mame 鬼打豆 beans to throw at the demons
..... oni no mame 鬼の豆"beans for the demons

and the famous call accompanying the throwing of the beans :
oni wa soto 鬼は外  "Demons, get out! -
fuku wa uchi 福は内  "Good luck, come in!" 

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But there are some regions in Japan
where the Oni are welcomed into the home - for various reasons.

oni wa uchi 鬼は内 Demons come in!
oni MO uchi 鬼も内
(Good luck come in and) Demons also come in!




There are three places in Nara prefecture, where the Demons are welcomed into the home !

01 - 「福は内、鬼は内」- Fuku wa Uchi, Oni wa Uchi!
- 元興寺 Temple Gango-Ji （奈良県奈良市）
A demon named Gagoze 元興神 drives out evil.
The name of this demon is also spelled 元興寺 / ガゴジ　/ ガンゴジ


元興寺節分絵馬 ema votive tablet with Gagoze

その昔、元興寺の鐘楼に悪霊の変化である鬼が出て、都の人たちを随分こわがらせたことがあります。その頃、尾張国から雷の申し子である大力の童子が入寺し、この鬼の毛髪をはぎとって退治したという有名な説話があります。
この話から、邪悪な鬼を退治する雷を神格化して、八雷神とか元興神と称することになり、鬼のような姿で表現するようになりました。元興寺にまつわる鬼のことをガゴゼとかガゴジとかガンゴなどの発音で呼ばれ、日本全国にも伝わっているようです。
（さらに詳しい解説はこちら「元興寺の鬼」）and even more details
- reference source : gangoji.or.jp/tera/jap/annai/gagoze -

- quote -
Gagoze
Gagoze is a horrible-looking ghost who haunts the ancient temple Gango-ji in Nara prefecture. His story dates back to the Asuka period (550-710 CE). He is first depicted in illustration in Toriyama Sekien's Gazu Hyakki Yakko, and he is said to take the appearance of a demon in monk's garb.
His story says
that during the time of Emperor Bidatsu, in old Owari province (now Nagoya in Aichi prefecture), lightning struck the ground near an farmer's house. From the lightning emerged a thunder god in the form of a young boy, and the farmer ran outside with a stick to kill the boy. The boy pleaded with the farmer to spare his life, and promised that he would return the deed by giving the farmer and his family a young boy as strong as the thunder god. The farmer agreed, and allowed the thunder god to return to the sky.
Sure enough,
the farmer's wife soon bore a child, and the child was as strong as a thunder god! However, the child was born with a snake wrapped around his head, with the head and tail going down the back like a ponytail. When the boy turned 10, he had grown so strong and proud that he challenged a member of the imperial family to a contest of strength and won.
After this,
the boy was apprenticed to Gango-ji temple. Shortly after that, the belltower boys began dying very strange deaths one-by-one, and rumors began to spread that an oni, or demon, was behind the deaths. The boy wanted to solve the mystery, so he said he would catch the oni. He waited all night by the belltower, and towards dawn finally the oni came. The boy grabbed the oni by the hair and dragged him around so hard that he ripped his entire scalp off, and the oni was able to escape. The boy followed the blood trail left by the oni all the way to its end, where he found the grave of a (former) very lazy and bad temple servant. The lazy servant's ghost had become this terrible ghost-demon, and the boy had defeated it! The boy became famous and grew up to be a priest at the temple, and the oni's scalp became one of the holy treasures of Gango-ji.
The story doesn't really tell too much about the yokai itself, but it does at least explain who Gagoze was: a lazy priest-servant-turned-demon-ghost who liked to kill children! ...
- source : Matthew Meyer -


source : fukunaga.deviantart.com/art/Gagoze

- quote -
Wie es kam, dass einer dem Donner einen Gefallen tat
und ihm ein Kind von großer Kraft geboren wurde.
Zur Zeit des Bidatsu Tennō 敏達天皇,
in der Provinz Owari　尾張国, bewässerte ein Bauer ein Reisfeld, als es zu regnen begann und der Blitz vor ihm einschlug. Der Blitz nahm die Gestalt eines Kindes an. Der Bauer wollte das Kind mit einer Stange züchtigen, wurde aber vom Kind angehalten es zu verschonen. Als Gegenleistung werde es ihm seine Nachsicht mit einem Kind belohnen, wenn der Bauer ihm ein Kampferboot baue.
Kurze Zeit später
wurde dem Bauer ein Kind geboren, das eine zweimal herumgewundene Schlange um den Kopf hatte. Als das Kind sein Jugendalter erreichte, hörte es von einem starken Prinz der nordöstlich des Kaiserlichen Palast lebte. Also machte er sich auf die Stärke dieses Prinzen auszutesten. Es kam zu einem Weitwurfwettbewerb mit einem schweren Stein zwischen dem Knaben und dem starken Prinz. Als der Prinz dem ebenfalls kräftigen Knaben unterlag, versuchte er diesen zu fassen, schaffte es aber nicht ihn einzuholen. So musste er den Knaben als ihm überlegen anerkennen. Einige Zeit später wurde der Knabe ein Gefolgsmann des Gangō-Tempel 元興時. Dort wurde jede Nacht ein Novize des Tempels ermordet. Der Knabe nahm sich vor, dem ein Ende zu setzen. Er vertrieb den Unhold, nachdem er ihm alle Haare ausgerissen hatte, erfolgreich. Dies stellte sich als der Geist eines schlechten Tempeldieners 悪奴 heraus.
Der Knabe
wurde ein Laienmönch und lebte weiter im Gangō-ji. Als die Prinzen die Bewässerung der Felder des Tempels verhindern wollten, nahm er einen Stein der zu schwer für 100 Männer war und blockierte den Zugang zur Wasseröffnung. Die Prinzen waren verschreckt von seiner Stärke und ließen den Tempel fortan in Ruhe.
Der Laienmönch wurde bekannt als
Dharma Meister Dōjō 道場法師, der Held des Gangō-ji. Seine enorme Kraft war die Belohnung für Wohltaten in seinen vergangenen Leben.
- source : univie.ac.at/rel_jap/ryowiki -


鳥山石燕『画図百鬼夜行』Toriyama Sekien

. Gangōjil 元興時 Temple Gango-Ji .


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02 - 鬼は内、福は内」- Oni wa Uchi, Fuku wa Uchi !
- 天河神社 - Tenkawa Jinja

On the eve of Setsubun, the shrine becomes the home of the oni 鬼の宿 until the rituals are over.
February 2 - 鬼の宿（神迎えの神事）
The Oni get にぎりめし O-Nigiri rice balls and 梅干し Umeboshi dried plums for dinner.



The shrine is relate to the Demons Zenki and Goki.
天河社社家は、役行者の供に祀られております前鬼、後鬼の子孫と言い伝えられており、節分祭宵の晩『鬼の宿』として、先祖である鬼（神）をお迎えします。かつて天川の民が新しい年（節分）を迎える前夜、里宮を通して祖先の霊を迎えた古い信仰の名残りともいわれる神仏習合の神事です。

- HP of the Shrine
奈良県吉野郡天川村坪内107
- reference source : tenkawa-jinja.or.jp -

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奈良県 Nara 天川村 / 天河 Tenkawa

. the Demon Zenki 前鬼 and his wife Goki 後鬼 .

At the home of the 柿阪秀元氏 Kakisaka Hidemoto family, on the eve of the Setsubun ritual in spring, they place ritual water at the entrance and prepare a special seat for the Oni to take a rest.
They do not pierce the head of a sardine (a custom to drive away the Oni), and they call
"Fuku wa Uchi, Oni wa Uchi" May good luck come in, may the Demon come in!
The family is said to have Zenki and Goki as their ancestors.

The shrine 天河神社 Tenkawa Jinja also sells an amulet for
. shogei jootatsu 諸芸上達守 progress in all arts .

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oni no shison 鬼の子孫 / onisuji 鬼筋 descendants of the Oni
Near the temple 安生寺 Ansho-Ji there are five families, who do NOT prepare chimaki 粽 ritual rice dumplings for the Boy's festival on May 5th and hishimochi 菱餅 red and white dumplings for the Girls's festival on May 3.
These families claim to be descendants of the Demons (Zenki and Goki). The Chimaki look like the tsuno 角 horns of an Oni and the Hishimochi look like oni no shita 鬼の舌 the tongue of an Oni, thus they feel it an insult against the ancestors to prepare them.
During the Setsubun rituals, they never chant
oni wa soto 鬼は外 but only fuku wa uchi 福は内.

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03 「福は内、鬼も内」- Fuku wa Uchi, Oni mo Uchi!
金峯山寺蔵王堂（奈良県吉野郡吉野町）Kinpusen-Ji, Zao-Do

Many demons that are driven out at Setsubun come here for a rest. They are welcomed and some have a change of heart and become benevolent Oni afterwards.
The rituals on February 3 are called
onibi no saiten 鬼火の祭典 Onibi Festival





. . . CLICK here for more Photos !


. Kinpusenji Yoshino 金峯山寺　吉野山 Kinpusen-Ji .
Zaodoo　蔵王堂 Zaodo Hall for Zao Gongen

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There are other places in Japan, where the Demons are welcomed into the home !

「福は内、鬼は内」- Fuku wa Uchi, Oni wa Uchi!
- 稲荷鬼王神社 Inari Kio Jinja （新宿区歌舞伎町）Shinjuku, Tokyo

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「福は外、鬼は内」- Fuku wa Soto, Oni wa Uchi!
- 千蔵寺 Senzo-Ji （神奈川県川崎市）Kanagawa-ken, Kawasaki-shi, Kawasaki-ku, Nakaze, 3

- HP of the temple
- reference source : tesshow.jp/kanagawa/kawasaki -

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鬼は外」は禁句 - Oni wa soto is not allowed to chant.
大須観音 Osu Kannon

愛知県名古屋市中区大須2-21-47
. Oosu Kannon 大須観音 Osu Kannon .

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「福は内」 - only Fuku wa Uchi!
- 成田山新勝寺 Shinsho-Ji （千葉県成田市）




beans to invite the Oni in !　招福豆

. Narita San 成田山　Shinshō-ji 新勝寺 .

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 伝統的な商家　old merchant families chant only
「鬼は内」Oni wa Uchi !
The word ONI 鬼 is seen as a pun with 大荷 "a big load of merchandise", so to keep the business prosperous, they invite it inside.

- reference source : blog.narasaku.com -

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Oni wa uchi fuku wa soto
by Keisuke Nishimoto; Yutaka Murakami (Author)

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. Japanese Legends - 伝説　民話　昔話 – ABC-List .

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愛媛県 Aichi 越智郡 Ochi district 魚島村 Uoshimamura

For Setsubun, farmers put together a bunch of Susuki grass with leaves of メッツタ Metta and ホーベーの葉 Hoobee to ward off the Demons.
At home they use the normal chant for Setsubun 「福は内、福は内、鬼は外、鬼は外」.
On their fishing boats they chant:
「ふか外、ふか外、鬼は内、鬼は内」- Oni wa uchi!
Good Luck get out, Demons come in!


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石川県 Ishikawa 金沢市 Kanazawa

Once upon a time an Oni appeared at the home of the 富永家 Tominaga family and since that time, the family was blessed with good fortune.
Since then, they throw beans and chant at Setsubun
福は外鬼は内 Fuku wa soto, Oni wa uchi!
Once there was a fire in the castle town of Kanazawa. A black cloud in the form of an Oni appeared over their house and spread like an umbrella, protecting it from burning down.


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. Onipedia - 鬼ペディア　- Oni Demons - ABC-List - .

. Tengu 天狗と伝説 Tengu legends "Long-nosed Goblin" .

. - yookai, yōkai 妖怪 Yokai monsters - .

. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

. Mingei 民芸　Regional Folk Art from Japan .

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Posted By Gabi Greve to Kappa - The Kappapedia on 4/11/2017 02:05:00 pm

KAPPA ONI - onigokko onibarai

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. Onipedia - 鬼ペディア　- Oni Demons - ABC-List - .
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onigokko, oni-gokko 鬼ごっこ game of tag
onigoto 鬼ごと

Tag is a playground game that involves two or more players chasing other players in an attempt to "tag" or touch them, usually with their hands.
This game was already popular in the Edo period, in a version called :
ko o toro ko toro 子をとろ子とろ / 子を捕ろ子捕ろ "get hold of a child, get it!"


守貞漫稿 Morisada Manko

One player is the Oni, one is the parent and all the others are children. The children try to hide behind the parent. The Oni tries to grab the last child in line. The parent spreads out his arms and tries to ward off the Oni.
As they run, the row of children begins to sway like a serpent or a whirlpool.


source : Waseda University Library

幼童遊び子をとろ子とろ osana asobi ko o toro ko toro
歌川広重 Utagawa Hiroshige

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This game has a long history, all the way to Hell,
where 地蔵菩薩　Jizo Bosatsu is trying to lead the poor souls out of hell, past the Oni guardian.



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During the Heian period, there was a ritual at the court called
onibarai no gishiki 鬼払いの儀式 "driving out the demons"
oniyarai 鬼遣らい
which is seen as the beginning of Onigokko.
This ritual was performed as a prayer for 五穀豊穣 gokoku hojo, the fertility of the five grains and thus a good harvest.

There was also a chasing game called
hifukume　ひふくめ　－ ヒ＋フ＋クメ : One Two and Three
久米（来目）とは「三（みつ）.hi fu kume

- quote -
In the beginning of the Heian period, Hososhi who appears and runs around at new year eve's court function "Oni-yarai" in the greater palace is considered the origin of any stories about "Oni", which stands for a devil. His manner reminds us of the familiar "Onigokko" that the "Oni" chases children, while "Oni" is emphasized with objection, it is overlapped as one of the old "Onigokko" named "Kakure-Oni" (Hidden Oni).

By contrast, in the Edo period, there was "Hifukume" who appears in Kottoshu, Santokyo-den (an old literature).

In the middle of Heian period, when a Buddhist monk called Eshin Sozu Genshin preaches people, he used a format that Jizo Bosatsu protects against "Oni" who chases children.
Whether or no, these three elements of "Parent", "Children", "Oni" hold an important fact in the game, and it is easy to imagine that the game was spread around for the children naturally.

And now, "Hifukume" comes down to "Kotoro kotoro" more than it was expected.


Here is a picture of a swallow playing "Kotorokotoro", drawn by Hiroshige Ando, from late Edo period when Ukiyoe (Japanese woodblock prints) established one culture. It is a surprising fact that Ukiyoe artist Hiroshige drew it, but fresh looking swallow's faces are attractive.

There is almost no children who know about "Kotorokotoro" as a game nowadays. I have a sense of crisis about the situation that "Onigokko" which came down from the Heian period and in which parents protect children, or "Onigokko" that is a tool to know community and the way of contacting people to people is disappearing even though it is a most well-known one.


- Internatinal Onigokko Association - Onigotter Japan -
- reference source : onigokko.or.jp - 鬼ごっこ協会公式へようこそ

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. Genshin　源信　Eshin Soozu 恵心僧都 Eshin Sozu (942-1017).

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source : ameblo.jp/onigokko-kyoukai/entry


. Japanese Legends - 伝説　民話　昔話 – ABC-List .

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千葉県 Chiba

During the Setsubun ritual of Onibabari 鬼払い driving out the demons,
there are three Oni, ao-oni 青鬼 Blue Demon, aka-oni 赤鬼 Red Demon and kuro-oni 黒鬼 Black demon.
People who take over the part of these three Oni will not experience and evil or bad influence, will not be called to the military and will not be the target of shooting. So there are many young men who want to become Oni during the Setsubun rituals.




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新潟県 Niigata 　笹神村 Sasakamimura 　

Once upon a time
the girls were playing tag. One of the girls felt a strange pain in her shin and when she looked, the flesh had split and she was almost bleeding. She tried to be brave and walked all the way to the bridge. At the bridge blood was suddenly flowinig out of her leg.
It must have been a kamaitachi かまいたち "sickle weasel".

. kamaitachi 鎌鼬 cut of the skin by a cold sucking wind .
- kigo for winter
and also a strange Yokai monster.


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- reference : nichibun yokai database 妖怪データベース -
- reference - 鬼ごっこ　-

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. Onipedia - 鬼ペディア　- Oni Demons - ABC-List - .

. Tengu 天狗と伝説 Tengu legends "Long-nosed Goblin" .

. - yookai, yōkai 妖怪 Yokai monsters - .

. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

. Mingei 民芸　Regional Folk Art from Japan .

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

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Posted By Gabi Greve to Kappa - The Kappapedia on 4/14/2017 01:27:00 pm

ONI - jigoku hell demons devils

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. Onipedia - 鬼ペディア　- Oni Demons - ABC-List - .
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jigoku no oni 地獄の鬼 demons of the Buddhist hell
densetsu　伝説 and their legends

On the way to the Buddhist after-life, the dead has to cross
. Sanzu no Kawa 三途の川 River Sanzu, the river on the way to hell .

Next he will meet
. Enma-O 閻魔天、閻魔王 the King of Hell, Emma .
for his verdict : Heaven or Hell ?!


CLICK for more hell paintings !

Many paintings tried to scare people of the Demons of the Buddhist Hell
. jigokue, jigoku-e 地獄絵 paintings of the Buddhist hell .
地獄草子 Jigoku Soshi - Hell Scroll


. Juu Oo 十王, Juo, Ju-O - 10 Ten Kings of Hell - Ten Yama Kings .
- Introduction -

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. onigokko, oni-gokko 鬼ごっこ game of tag .

This game has a long history, all the way to Hell,
where 地蔵菩薩　Jizo Bosatsu is trying to lead the poor souls out of hell, past the Oni guardian.




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The hot spring Chinoike jigoku 血の池地獄, the "Blood Pond Hell", based on an image of hell found in Buddhism.

. Oita 大分県の鬼伝説　Oni Demon Legends .

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In the 地獄道 Jigokudo, the Realm of Hell,
there are 8 hot and 8 cold hells. Here the Oni serve as gokusotsu 獄卒 wardens of hell to torture the dead.

. jigokudoo 地獄道 Jigokudo, the Realm of Hell .
one of the The Six Realms in the Buddhist after-life.

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. gakidoo 餓鬼道 Gakido, The Realm of Hungry Ghosts .
Good people go to Heaven, bad people fall into hell and become Hungry Ghosts.
Their necks are so thin, they can not drink water. If they see water, it turns into flames in front of their eyes.




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. Onibashi 鬼橋 the Demon Bridge .
and the Hell Demon vassals of Taishaku Ten 帝釈天が眷属の鬼


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oni kyoogen 鬼狂言 Oni Kyogen - Kyogen performances with Oni
There are various Kyogen performances with Oni as their subject.




. kyoogen 狂言 Kyogen performance .
"mad words" or "wild speech"

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One story is about the strong man, Asahina.
The Oni of Hell eventually have to let him go and he heads for 極楽 Gokuraku, the Buddhist Paradise.

. Asahina Saburo Yoshihide - 朝比奈三郎義秀 . 13th century
the son of Wada Yoshimori 和田義盛 (1147-1213).

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武悪(ぶあく) Buaku, Bu-aku - 武悪『あずき』 azuki - 小豆武悪（あずきぶあく）Azuki Buaku
Oni-buaku, 青 Ao-buaku
Azuki - the most typical Oni masks in Kyogen

For Setsubun and special plays, such as
oni no mamako 鬼の継子 The Stepchild of an Oni
蓬莱の島の鬼 the Oni of Horajjima, Asahina and 八尾 Yao
- reference source : material.miyazaki-c.ed.jp/ipa　 -

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蓬莱の島の鬼 the Oni of Horaijima

Nagano 長野県
狂言「節分」では蓬莱の島から来た鬼が家にやってきて、女性にだまされ隠れ蓑を巻き上げあられてしまい、豆を投げつけられる。鬼は霊山から来るというのは現在とは違っている。蓑虫伝説との関係があるのではないか。

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oni no mamako 鬼の継子 The Stepchild of an Oni

- reference English : oni no mamako -

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八尾 Yao - Kyogen - Netuske

Jookooji 常光寺 Joko-Ji and the Yao Jizo 八尾の地蔵
- quote -
昔むかし八尾の里の住人で、生前一度も後生を願ったことのない不信者が死んで、冥土に旅立つことになりました。不信者は閻魔大王の審判で地獄に落とされることが心配です。ふと八尾を立つ時に、常光寺の地蔵さんから閻魔大王にあてた手紙を預かっていることに気づきました。 初めは、何がなんでも地獄へ落としてやろうと閻魔大王は取り合わなかったのですが、不信者が必死になって頼むので、手紙を開いてみると、昔なじみの地蔵尊からの手紙でした。
八尾地蔵尊 地蔵尊は「この者の親戚に大変な篤信者がいて、世話になっている。その人に免じてこの者を極楽へやってください」と書いていました。閻魔大王は「八尾の地蔵といえば、昔大変な美僧で、わしとことのほか仲が良かった。その地蔵の頼みとなれば仕方がない」と言って、不信者を極楽へ送るよう取り計らったとのことです。
- HP of the temple
大阪府八尾市本町5-8-1 / 5 Chome-8-1 Honmachi, Yao-shi, Ōsaka-
- reference source : jyokouji.com/about/kyougen -


A Sinner with References and the King of Hell - (Yao)
- full text in English :
- source : kyogen-in-english.com/wp-content -

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. Mibu Kyogen 壬生狂言 .
At the temple Mibudera 壬生寺 Mibu-Dera, Kyoto



Sai no Kawara 賽の河原　One of the typical performances of the Temple, to show the deep mercy of Jizo Bosatsu, trying to save the sinners from falling into hell.
The mask of the Oni is especially fearful, but sometimes the performance of the Oni is quite humorous.
閻魔の庁での閻魔の裁きや鬼の責めなど、恐ろしい場面が続くが、ユーモラスな鬼の演技が緊張をほぐし、壬生狂言の宗教劇としての優れた面を表している。
- reference source : mibudera.com/k_09 -

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. Japanese Legends - 伝説　民話　昔話 – ABC-List .


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愛知県 Aichi 豊田市 Toyota

oni no ido 鬼の井戸 the well of the Demon
At the Jigokudani 地獄谷 "hell valley" at the river 田代川 Tashirogawa there are three huge boulders, called "Oni no zashiki" 鬼の座敷 "Living room of the Oni".
The middle one is very much indented and always filled with water, called "the well of the Demon".
People who had to go downriver to have a rain ritual had to purify their bodies before using this water.
Once one of the 八大龍王 eight great dragon kings, 八坂龍王 Yasaka Ryu-O, passed here. He became thursty on the way and made this water gather in the dent. But then he became more angry and let heavy rain fall.



- one more legend about oni no ido
. Oni no Ido at 大分市 Oita city .


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青森県 Aomori

Jizoo Son 地蔵尊 Jizo Bosatsu
at 恐山 菩提寺 temple Bodai-Ji, Mount Osorezan

The statue of Jiso Bosatsu at the temple is out all night to help the dead children and sinners from the fangs of the Oni. To help them all fast, he has cut off the long sleeves and sems of his robe and slams his 錫杖 staff on the rocks with a loud noise.
The feet of the statue are always covered with sand - they say.



. Osorezan 恐山 Osoresan "Mount Fear" .


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福井県 Fukui 武生市 Takefu 坂口村 Sakaguchimura

jigoku no kama no futa ake 地獄の釜の蓋あけ opening the lid of the chauldron of hell
From August 14 to 16, during the O-Bon rituals,
the lid of the hell chauldron is opened and an Oni with his Kanabo throws out the dead people that got stuck under the lid. The living have to go to a temple and welcome their dead home, otherwise the dead souls will hang out at the eaves of the temple all the time.




. 地獄の釜の蓋が開く日 jigoku no kama hiraki .
In January and July, Emma (Enma, Ema) is out on a holiday (Emma saijitsu 閻魔賽日 and the lid to the chauldron of hell was opened 地獄の釜の蓋が開く日, so these two days are best to visit a temple where Emma is enshrined (閻魔堂 Emado).


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大阪府 Osaka 箕面市 Mino town - 茨木市 Ibaraki town

If someone tells a lie, the Oni from hell come and pull out the tongue with a kuginuki 釘抜き nail puller.
.
If people eat roasted beans with the skin peeled off at Setsubun, they will be made to peel off the skin of stones when they go to hell.


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鳥取県 Tottori

jigokuana, jigoku-ana 地獄穴 the cave of hell

To the left of the waterfall 亀ヶ滝 Kamenotaki at 高山の焼山 there is a cave called "Cave of Hell". In former times there lived the Oni, and also the 平家の落人 samurai of the Heike clan in hiding.
If someone asks for plates and cups for a village ceremony and later comes back to this cave, the things he needed will be placed on the rocks. But you have to bring them back cleaned after use.
Then one day a farmer did not bring the plates and cups back and since then, the Oni never lent them to the villgers.
(This kind of legend is also known in other parts of Japan, where the Kappa or a Snake or other local Yokai monster does the lending.)


. The Heike Clan and Oni - Legends .


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山梨県 Yamanashi 北杜市 Hokuto town 白州町 Hakushumachi

If someone dies during the O-Bon rituals in August, he is put in his grave with a basket on his head. Since he has to go to hell for the first time, together with the other dead relatives of former years, the Demons of Hell hit his head to show who is the new master now, and the basket can protect him.

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- reference : Nichibun Yokai Database -




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Posted By Gabi Greve to Gokuraku - Jigoku on 4/16/2017 09:53:00 am

ONI - oni me eyes

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me　鬼の目, 鬼の眼 / medama　鬼の目玉　- 伝説　
Demon Legends about the eyes and eyeballs




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- - - - - Two proverbs with the eyes of Oni - - - - -

oni no me ni mo namida 鬼の目にも涙 tears even in a demon's eyes



This proverb has two meanings:
1- Even a very heartless and cruel being can be moved to tears when something really sad happens to him
2- false sympathy; crocodile tears


Calendar from 2011 - April


source : zakki.kinoko.sub.jp/?eid

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oni no me ni mo minokoshi 鬼の目にも見残し even demons fail to see some things



鬼のようにくまなく目を光らせている人でも、時には見落としや不注意があるというたとえ

Even with their three eyes, Oni do not see everything!

The two Oni for Setsubun usually have only two eyes, see some legends below.
They also have only two horns.

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- - - - - Oni are often depicted with three or more eyes:

mitsume kozoo 三つ目小僧 little demon with three eyes


source : 章魚庵つれづれ通信
"Gazu Hyakki Yagyoo" "画図百鬼夜行"



source : nichibun yokai database

mitsume no oni 三つ目の鬼 Demon with three eyes
He wears a white robe and a blue koshimaki 腰巻き loincloth.


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oni no medama 鬼の目玉 eyeballs of a demon
an enormous nigiri rice ball which looks like the eye of a demon
served at the restaurant Onikenbai in Kitakami, Iwate
- source : kitakami-kanko.jp/english -


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. oni wa soto 鬼は外 "Demons, get out!" - Setsubun .

栃木県 Tochigi 宇都宮市 Utsunomiya

The chant for Setsubun:
「福は内福は内鬼は外、鬼の目玉をぶっつぶせ」
Fuku wa uchi Fuku wa uchi, Oni wa soto, Oni no medama o buttsubuse!
Smash out the eyeballs of the Oni !

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鬼の眼 - 土門拳の仕事 Oni no Me - The Work of Domon Ken



. Domon Ken 土門拳 - Photographer (1909 - 1990) .


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. Japanese Legends - 伝説　民話　昔話 – ABC-List .

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群馬県 Gunma 吾妻郡 Azuma district 嬬恋村 Tsumagoi

. mayudama 繭玉 (まゆだま) "silk cocoon balls" .
Mochi or dango for the New Year celebrations of the Silk protecting deities



On January 31 silk farmers prepare these 繭玉 balls from a dough of rice, wheat and millet flour. They are called oni no medama 鬼の目玉.
They hang them at the entrance and windows as a greeting for the Deities. When an Oni passes the home, he is afraid of these huge "eyeballs" and runs away wast.

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高知県 Kochi 幡多郡 Hata district 大月町 Otsuki

On the eve of Setsubun, the elder sister had been kidnapped by an Oni and taken to a boat. When the younger sister begun to throw beans a the Oni, one of them hit his eye. The Oni got real wild and the ship sank. The elder sister could swim and reached the shore safely.
Another version tells of the girl being saved by her brother.

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京都府 Kyoto 鞍馬 Kurama

kijin 鬼神 / キジン Demon Deity
Once in the deep woods of 鞍馬山 Mount Kurama, the Tengu-priest 僧正 Sojo went to the edge of 谷御菩薩池 the pond Mizoroike and released two Kijin who lived in a hole there. But 毘沙門天 Bishamonten, the Protector Deity of Mount Kurama, found out about it and prepared beans the size of huge boulders to throw at the demons. He wanted to wipe out the eyes of the demons but could not aim properly.
This is the beginning of the mamemaki 豆撒き bean-throwing custom of Setsubun, they say.
Grains have a great vital power and were thought to 魔除け ward off evil influence.
The word MAME (beans) was originally written 魔滅 to wipe out demons. To make sure the beans would never grow again, they had to be roasted 炒った豆 before throwing them at the demons.


Kurama no oni taiji 鞍馬の鬼退治

. Kuramayama 鞍馬山 Mount Kurama and its legends .

. oni wa soto 鬼は外 "Demons, get out!"　- Setsubun rituals .


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三重県 Mie 熊野市 Kumano

An old legend tells about
. Sakanoue no Tamuramaro 坂上田村麻呂 . (758 - 811)
He once went to Onigajo 鬼ヶ城 "the castle of the demons" in Kumano and shot arrows with
yomogi ヨモギ mugwort and susuki ススキ pampas grass into the eyes of the Oni.
This is the origin why people throw mugwort and susuki on the roof during the Setsubun rituals.

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On the evening of the last day of the year,
people stick the head of the fish saira サイラ Pacific saury in the local dialect, on the branches of oka オカの葉 and also prepare roasted beans. With oni no metsuki 鬼の目つき, a threatening stare like out of the eyes of an Oni, they place these at the entrance of the home.
They hope that the demons will pass their home on their ramble on the last night.



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鈴鹿市 Suzuka

. hiiragi 柊 holly, Osmanthus heterophyllus .
hiiragi sasu 柊挿す (ひいらぎさす) piercing with a holly
The holly branch with a sardine fish head is placed outside of the front door to ward off evil influence and keep you healthy. The demons do not like the smell of this fish and keep off. Demons also fear that the sharp needles of the holly pierce their eyes, so both together are a powerful talisman.
This custom is more common in the Kansai area.



The hiiragi branch is called
oni no mesashi 鬼の目さし piercing of the demon's eyes.
They hang a branch on the 鬼門の窓 window of the Kimon side of the house.

The same custom is observed in other parts of Japan, for example in 枚方市 Hirakata , Osaka.

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宮城県 Miyagi

oni to musume 鬼と娘 Oni and the three girls
Once upon a time
two sisters went to the mountain forest to pick up chestnuts. The evening came fast and they lost their way.
Along came another young woman with firewood in her arms and asked them to stay in her small mountain hut.
"I have been kindapped by an Oni!" she told the sisters.
"And if he comes back, it will be tough luck for you. So better hide here in the big luggage box!"
When the Oni came home he remarked
"Whow, it smells of humans!",
but the young woman could assure him that nobody was there.
"If anybody comes, do not let them run away!" the Oni told her as he left the hut.
In good time the three women fled from the demon hut run away as fast as they could.
They climbed into a cart that could run a thousand miles in no time. But when the Oni found out, he climbed into the other fast cart and pursued them.
When they reached the sea, the Oni took a large drink of seawater, drawing the girls close to his cart.
The three girls took off their underwear and begun to swing their backside, clapping on it with their hands.
The Oni begun to laugh very hard, spit out all the water and with the resulting waves the girls reached the other shore into safety.

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長野県 Nagano

On the last last day of the year (and in the 佐久郡 Saku district for Setsubun), people prepare dumplings on a stick and place them at the entrance door.
The dumplings are called oni no me 鬼の目 or oni no medama 鬼の目玉.
There have to be three dumplings. Oni will then think that the humans living there have three eyes, and get quite frightened, closing their mouth and run away.

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山梨県 Yamanashi

On the last evening of the year, people prepare mugimeshi 麦飯 rice mixed with barley to eat.
This mixture is called
oni no ha 鬼の歯 teeth of a demon

People also place a pole with a bamboo basket in the front garden, called oni no me 鬼の目.
Now they throw their beans at these eyes !



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- reference : nichibun yokai database 妖怪データベース -
teeth 鬼の歯 - 11 to explore

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. Onipedia - 鬼ペディア　- Oni Demons - ABC-List - .

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. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

. Mingei 民芸　Regional Folk Art from Japan .

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Posted By Gabi Greve to Kappa - The Kappapedia on 4/11/2017 09:18:00 am