LEGENDS - Onipedia Demons of Japan

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. - yookai, yōkai 妖怪 Yokai monsters - .


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Onipedia - 鬼ペディア　- Oni Demons - ABC-List -
Dämonen von Japan -　日本の鬼の研究　-


- Shrine Ho-Un no Miya 宝雲宮 Katsuyama

Oni with individual names are marked with *****.
The character 鬼 is also read as KI.

A counterpart of Oni is the AKUMA 悪魔, translated as Devil (but a bit different from the Christian image of a devil or Satan.)
evil spirit, fiend, ...

. Oni 鬼　Demon art motives - Gallery .
all kinds of dolls, kokeshi, plates . . .

- - - - - This is a growing list, please come back !
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. akuma no Daruma 悪魔 Daruma the Demon .
* investigating the Christian concept of Devil / Satan versus the Japanese akuma


. Amanojaki, Amanojaku 天邪鬼　あまんじゃき "heavenly evil spirit " . - "heavenly evil spirit"
- - - - - . Amanojaku legends .
天探女（あまのじゃく） - Amanosagume / 天探女（あめのさぐめ）/ 天佐具売 Amenosagume
Amanojaku statue in the eaves at temple 岩船寺 Gansen-Ji, Kyoto
Amanojaku no Chikaramizu 天邪鬼の力水 Power-giving water
Kobo Daishi 弘法大師 and Amanojaku


. akaoni, aka-oni 赤鬼 red demon . *
..... Shiga

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- - - - - -　animal names with ONI

. oni yanma 鬼やんま devil's dragonfly .
Anotogaster sieboldii

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. aooni, ao-oni 青鬼 blue demon / green demon . *
..... Shiga


***** . Ayo no sato no oni 阿用郷の鬼 from Izumo, Shimane .


. Bakemono, O-Bake お化け Ghosts and Demons .


beer - named oni
- Shiga

Beppu　別府　Oni legends and articles - see Oita

. Daruma oni　だるま鬼 ー reddo debiru レッドデビル red devil Daruma .


Edo 江戸 the demons of Edo
14 to explore


. ema　絵馬　votive tablets .
5 legends to explore
. ema 「鬼」の絵馬 - amulets .
..... Shiga

. Enku 円空仏 master carver and his Otsu-E Oni Statues .

. Enma Ten 閻魔天、閻魔王 Emma, the King of Hell - Yama .



***** . Fujiwara no Chikata no Yonki 藤原千方の四鬼 The four demons of Fujiwara Chikata .


***** . Gedoomaru 外道丸 Gedomaru .
at the foot of Mount Ibukiyama 伊吹山の麓

. gaki 餓鬼 hungry demons, hungry ghosts .
..... Oita

. gyuuki, gyūki 牛鬼 "bull-demon" - Ushi-oni .


haiku　俳句 with Oni . . . by Yosa Buson and others
. oni sudaku togakushi no fumoto soba no hana .
Buson is talking about - kijo momiji　鬼女紅葉 The Female Demon called "Momiji"

. hamaki　 破魔鬼　demon mask to ward off evil .

. hone　鬼の骨 the bones of Oni demons .


. imi 忌み / 斎み imi - taboo, ritual abstinence .
imibi. kijitsu, kinichi 忌日 taboo day
忌 鬼 14 to explore (00) /// 斎 鬼 15 to explore (00)


. jaki 邪鬼 / じゃき - Jaki　. - "heavenly evil spirit" *

. jigoku 地獄 the Buddhist Hell .
13 to explore

. jinja - list of Shinto shrines with ONI . *

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kakure-oni 隠れ鬼 "hidden oni", kakurenbo, hide and seek


. kami　神　Shinto deities / Japanese gods .
kami to oni 神と鬼 the Deities and Demons of Japan

. Kidoomaru, Kidōmaru 鬼童丸 Kidomaru .
..... a robber and a magician.

kijin 鬼人 "human demon" - 11 to explore
..... Shiga

Ki Jinja 鬼神社（きじんじゃ）"Demon Shrine" - see 鬼沢 Onizawa, Aomori

. Kijin Jinja 鬼鎮神社 - Saitama .
with Oni Ema
..... "Fuku wa uchi! Oni wa uchi! Akuma soto!"

***** . kijo momiji　鬼女紅葉 The Female Demon called "Momiji" .

. Kikotsuji, Kikkotsuji 鬼骨寺 Kikotsu-Ji "Temple of Oni bones" .


. kimon 鬼門 / 忌門 demon gate .
in the ushi-tora 丑寅 Northern direction

kiraigoo, ki raigoo 鬼来迎 Kiraigo, welcoming the demons

. kisha 鬼射 "hitting the demon" ritual with arrow shooting .

. Kishibojin 鬼子母神 "Child eating demon mother" .
..... 訶梨帝母 Kariteimo - Kangimo 歓喜母 - Hariti - and many legends about her
..... 鬼子母神堂　Hall for Kishimojin
..... kishi megami　鬼子め神　"child eating female deity" at 身延山 Mount Minobusan


kishin, onigami 鬼神 "Oni Deity", "Demon Deity"
..... Iwate *, Shiga,
魔羅鬼神 Mara Kishin (Kijin) - a revengeful demon 霊鬼神
鬼神集落 Onigami village
(55 legends to explore)

. kishitoo 鬼舐頭 the hair falls out in a circle 円形脱毛症 .

kitsune　狐 oni and foxes　・ 鬼　狐 31 to explore
..... Shiga

koki-ita 胡鬼板（こきいた） a kind of 羽子板 hagoita

. kubihiki 鬼の首引き neck tug of war of the demons .
..... 朝比奈義秀の鬼の首引き Asahina Yoshihide


. Landscape and Oni Legends - shizen 自然と鬼伝説　 .


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. mayoke men 魔よけ面 Demon amulets to ward off evil . .

. men　面 mask with an Oni .
鬼の面　- 10 legends to explore

. Momotaro 桃太郎 the Peach Boy .

monkey-demon / at Iwaido Shrine
. saruoni, saru-oni 猿鬼 Monkey-Demon .

. namahage なまはげ the Oni of Oga, Akita .
..... 出羽鶴　本格焼酎　-　なまはげ Namahage Shochu Liquor

. netsuke 根付 . with Oni .



. Oita 大分県の鬼伝説　Oni Demon Legends .
..... Kijima 鬼島 Demon Island ..... kichoo 鬼鳥 "demon bird" ..... oni no ido 鬼の井戸 the Demon well ..... 鬼ケ原の幽霊 The Ghost of Onigahara
..... 鬼の石段 stone stairs made by a demon

. omamori, o-mamori お守り amulets to ward off the demons .

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Oni – The classic Japanese demon. It is an ogre-like creature which often has horns.

. Oni 鬼　Demon Amulets .

. Oni 鬼　Demon art motives - Gallery .

. Onibaba 鬼婆 The demon hag of Adachigahara .
(onibaba 鬼婆々 - 52 legends to explore)
..... Oita, Shiga


. Onibashiri 鬼走 running demons for Setsubun .
- and Oni eshiki 鬼会式 Demon Festival

Onibi 鬼火 A demonic flame which can suck out life if they come too near.
. "devil's fire", onibi 鬼火　（おにび） .
..... kitsunebi 狐火 (きつねび) "fox fire"

. onigawara 鬼瓦 demon roof tiles .

. Onigo Matsuri 鬼子祭り "Demon Boys Festival" .
..... Kokuseki-Ji Naked Man Festival 黒石裸祭 Kuroishi Festival


. Onihagi　鬼萩 "Demon Hagi" 萩焼 Hagi-yaki pottery .

Onihitokuchi, oni hitokuchi 鬼一口　 One-eyed demons that kill and eat humans.

. Oni jinja 鬼神社 "Demon Shrine" . - Oita

. oni kenbai 鬼剣舞 "demon sword dance" Iwate .

. oniko, oni-ko　鬼子 Oni from Tsugaru, Aomori .
..... torii no oniko 鳥居の鬼コ Demons of the Toorii gates
鬼子 - also read as kishi and onigo

. Onikobe village 鬼首村 "Demon Head Village" Miyagi .
Onikoobe onsen　鬼首温泉　Onikobe Hot Spring

. onimanjuu, oni manjuu 鬼饅頭 demon's cakes .
This is a local souvenir in rememberance of the 大江山鬼伝説 Demon Legend of Oeyama Mountain

oni-musume 鬼娘 demon daughter

oni no kan 鬼の館 Oni Museum
..... 「鬼」という文字の解説 - explaining the character for ONI
. Kitakami 北上市・鬼の館 . *


. oni no kan nenbutsu 鬼の寒念仏　－ 大津絵 Otsu-E pictures .
Oni no nenbutsu, nembutsu　鬼の念仏 demon praying in the cold

oni no iwaya 鬼の岩屋　- 2 legends to explore
..... Shuten Doji

. Onioi matsuri, oni-oi matsuri　鬼追い祭り .
at Kumano shrine 熊野神社, Soo town 曽於市, Miyazaki

. Onimaru 鬼丸 / 鬼切丸 Onikirimaru sword .
- dooji kirimaru 童子切丸 Doji Killer Blade

onimatsu 鬼松 demon pine tree
1 to explore


. onisube, oni sube 鬼すべ "smoking out the demons" ritual .
..... 大宰府天満宮 Dasaifu Tenmangu

onisuji 鬼筋 / oni no shison 鬼の子孫 descendants of an Oni
鬼筋 3 to explore / 鬼の子孫 4 to explore



onitaiji, oni taiji 鬼退治 driving out the demons
during the Setsubun rituals and in regional legends
26 to explore


. oniuchigi, oni uchigi 鬼打木 firewood to ward off the demons .
onigi 鬼木（おにぎ） "demon's firewood" / oniyokegi 鬼除木 /firewood to keep the demons away
..... onisaegi, oni saegi 鬼障木 / onioshigi 鬼押木 / oniuchiboo, oni uchiboo 鬼打棒

. oniyo 鬼夜 "demon's night" fire festival .
..... Daizenji Town, Kurume, Fukuoka

. oniyoozu 鬼揚子 Oniyozu kite .

. Onizawa 鬼沢 town in Tsugaru, Aomori .

onizuka 鬼塚 Demon Mound / 牛鬼塚
5 to explore


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onsen 温泉 hot spring / oniyu 鬼湯
4 to explore
..... Oita
湯かけ鬼蔵 （ゆかけきぞう）
source : noboribetsu-spa.jp



. Otsu-E 大津絵 Paintings from Otsu .
Oni no nenbutsu, nembutsu　鬼の念仏 Demon saying Amida prayers

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- - - - - - plant names with ONI

. hoozuki 鬼燈 － 鬼灯 - ほうずき Hozuki, Chinese lantern plant .
ground cherry, lampion flower, winter cherry, husk tomato, Physalis alkekengi

. oniyuri 鬼百合 tiger lily .
ko oniyuri 小鬼百合　Lilium leichtlinii

plant names with ONI, a long list
平安時代に成立した辞書に鬼とは、隠（おん）のなまったもので”隠れて姿を表さないもの”と書かれています.
- reference source : eisai.co.jp/museum -


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- - - - - - proverbs and saying with ONI

. kotowaza　諺　/ ことわざ idioms, sayings, proverbs - ABC-List .

geji ni namerareru to kami ga ochiru げじになめられると髪が落ちる
If a GEJI licks your head, your hair falls out.
Other versions quotge gejigeji げじげじ, the galley worm house centipede. But in fact this is not about the animal, but about gejiki下食(げじき), a Demon Deity 鬼神 Onigami (Kishin).
There is an illness called kishitoo 鬼舐頭, when the hair falls out in a circle 円形脱毛症.



oni ni kanabo 鬼に金棒 the oni gets a spiked iron club
to be invincible and unbeatable


oni no inu ma ni sentaku 鬼の居ぬ間に洗濯
Doing the laundry while the devil is away
the mice enjoy the home while the cat is away


oni no nyooboo ni onigami 鬼の女房に鬼神
oni no nyooboo ni kijin ga naru 鬼の女房に鬼神がなる
‘the wife of a demon becomes a devil’
- the apprentice surpasses/outstrips the master


oya ni ninu ko wa oni no ko 親に似ぬ子は鬼の子 a child that does not resemble its parents is the child of an oni


鬼が住むか蛇が住むか /鬼が出るか蛇が出るか
oni mo juuhachibancha mo debana 鬼も十八番茶も出花
oni ni koromo 鬼に衣
oni no kakuran 鬼の霍乱
oni no kubi o totta yoo 鬼の首を取ったよう
oni no me ni namida 鬼の目にも涙
oni no sora nenbutsu 鬼の空念仏 / oni no nenbutsu 鬼の念仏
oni o azamuku 鬼を欺く
oni o su ni shite kuu 鬼を酢にして食う
oni to mo kumu 鬼とも組む

- reference source : nohmask21.com/oni -

. oni ga warau 鬼が笑う to make an Oni laugh . *

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. Rashomon Gate 羅生門 - Rashomon no Oni .

. Rozan-Ji Kyoto 廬山寺 : Oni of three colors. .
The red one symbolizes Greed, the blue (green) one Anger and the black one stupidity.

. Ryuutooki 龍燈鬼 Ryutoki . Dragon-lantern-carrying demon


sake 　酒 rice wine - 鬼殺し Onikoroshi " killing the demon" - Shiga
48 legends to explore

. sakaki oni 榊鬼 Sakaki demon . - Aichi

Sazae-oni さざえ鬼　– A turban snail that turns into a woman.

. setsubun　節分 oni wa soto 節分　－　鬼は外　demons get out! .

. Shiga 滋賀県の鬼伝説　Oni Demon Legends .

. Shimane 島根県 鬼伝説 Oni Demon Legends .

shitenno 四天王 four Ten deities stepping on Jaki demons or are flanked by them
. Jaki and Shitenno . *


***** . Shuten Dooji 酒呑童子 Shuten Doji "Sake Child" Demon .
..... Ibaraki-doji, his disciple, 鬼越山　Onigoeyama in Ibaraki
..... Kidoomaru 鬼童丸、鬼同丸（きどうまる）Kidomaru
..... Oni no dookutsu 鬼の洞窟 Oni’s cave
..... Oni-take Inari Jinja 鬼岳稲荷神社 Shrine
..... Oni-iwa 鬼岩 Demon boulder - Hyogo, Gifu and others *
..... 鬼殺し Onikoroshi " killing the demon" - Sake

. sumoo 鬼の相撲 Sumo wrestling of the Demons .
..... Oni no Sumoba 鬼の相撲場　The Devil's Sumo Ring


sword　刀 katana, blades to kill an Oni - onikiri, Onimaru
..... Shiga


tiger pants - 虎柄のパンツ
. oni no koshimaki 鬼の腰巻 - oni no fundoshi 鬼の褌
oni no pantsu 鬼のパンツ pants of an oni - loincloth .
..... Oni no pants, a children's song


torii 鳥居の鬼 shinto shrine gate - see oniko
2 to explore / Iwate, Akita . . .

Toriyama Sekien and his oni

. tsuno　鬼の角　the horns of Oni demons .
some have two, some have one and some have no horns
53 to explore


. ukiyo-e 浮世絵　"pictures of the floating world" .

. ushioni, ushi-oni gyuuki, gyūki 牛鬼 "bull-demon" .
..... ox-headed monsters
Ushioni fuchi 牛鬼淵 riverside of Kochi


yonki, Fujiwara no Chikata no Yonki 藤原千方の四鬼 The four demons of Fujiwara Chikata
..... Shiga


. Yukijin 湯鬼神 Demon Guardian of the Hot Springs .
..... Oni 登別の鬼　The Demons of Noboribetsu Hot Spring, Hokkaido


***** . Zenki 前鬼 and his wife Goki 後鬼 .


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Reference - Books and links *

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- wikipedia - Oni and list of Yokai -

- reference : JAANUS -
ichi-no-oni 一の鬼
onidai 鬼台
Kikokushi 鬼谷子
oni-arashikou ganna 鬼荒仕工鉋
oni-ita 鬼板
oniwaku 鬼枠

- reference - kokugakuin - Kawamura Kunimitsu 2005


Noriko T. Reider - Transformation of the Oni
From the frightening and diabolical to the cute and sexy
- reference source : nirc.nanzan-u.ac.jp -


- reference : yokai database -
1202 legends to explore !


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. - - - Join my Onipedia friends on facebook ! - - - .

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. - yookai, yōkai 妖怪 Yokai monsters - .

. Tengu 天狗と伝説 Tengu legends "Long-nosed Goblin" .

. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

. Mingei 民芸　Regional Folk　Art from Japan .

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Posted By Gabi Greve to Kappa - The Kappapedia on 2/28/2017 09:34:00 am

LEGENDS - Demon legends Shimane

[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
. Onipedia - 鬼ペディア　- Oni Demons - ABC-List - .
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Shimane 島根県の鬼伝説 Oni Demon Legends

Izumo is a region rich of legends:
. Izumo Fuudoki 出雲風土記 "Records of Wind and Earth" .
The Records of Izumo, Izumo Fudoki, where written about 733.



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. ushi oni, ushioni, gyuuki 牛鬼 "bull-demon" - Introduction .



A well-known ushi-oni is a massive, brutal sea-monster which lives off the coast of Shimane Prefecture and other places in Western Japan and attacks fishermen. It is often depicted with a spider- or crab-like body. This ushi-oni seems to be connected to another monster called the nure-onna 濡れ女 / 濡女 , who sometimes appears before an ushi-oni attack and tricks the victim into holding her child, which then becomes a stone stuck to the person's hands and grows heavier in order to hinder escape.
In Iwami Ginzan (Shimane) the story goes on about a young samurai who held the heavy stone baby.
A famous sword in his family suddenly flew into the sky, cut off the head of the demon and cut the body into nine pieces.

If it rains for a long time in Shimane, the Ushioni starts to show up under bridges. Once a man passed a bridge and saw a white light flickering there. After he had passed the bridge the flickering kept hovering around him. People in the neighbourhood who saw this thought the Ushi-Oni was the reason for it.
Another word for this monster in local dialect is
オシミ （牛鬼） oshimi (ushioni) .
The more people try to get rid of the flickering by shaking their sleeves, the more it clings to them. To get rid of it one has to get some urin on the hands and splatter that around.


. Nure-onna 濡女 "Wet Woman" .


Kaikidan Ekotoba 怪奇談絵詞
Nure-onna 濡女 "Wet Woman" was a dragon with a snake's body and a woman's head.
She was typically seen while washing her hair on a riverbank and would sometimes kill humans when angered.


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安濃郡 Ano district 太田町 Otamachi

Once a man went fishing in the evening, when the Nure-Onna appeared. She gave him a baby to hold and disappeared. He threw the baby away and fled, but Ushi-Oni came right after him. He managed to take shelter in a farmer's house and was safe.


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知夫郡 Chibu district 知夫村 Chibu village

Once a brave man was on his way to 伊勢神宮 Ise Shrine with a lot of money for offerings, but an Oni in the form of the 庚申 Koshin Deity took all his money away. But it was just a wicked person clad like Koshin. When the Deity heard the story, he hurried to give the money back to the brave man.

. The Koshin Deity 庚申 .


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出雲市 Izumo city

Fishermen at the coast are often called Yasha 夜叉 Demons in the local dialect.
Yasha were seen as demons, sometimes female ones. People in mountainous regions call them 鬼 Oni.

. Yasha 夜叉 - the Twelve Heavenly Generals 十二神将 .


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石見の国 Iwami no Kuni

nure onna to ushi-oni ぬれ女と牛鬼
Once upon a time in the land of Iwami
there lived a samurai named 森山玄蔵 Moriyama Genzo, who liked to go fishing at night.

むかしむかし、石見の国(いわみのくに→島根県)に、森山玄蔵(もりやまげんぞう)という侍がいました。
玄蔵は大変な釣り好きで、ひまさえあると、釣りに出かけます。
さて、ある夏の事、玄蔵は夕方から磯へと夜釣りに出かけました。
その日はどうしたわけか、次から次へと魚が釣れる日で、またたく間に、びくの中は魚でいっぱいになりました。
「こんなに釣れるとわかっていたら、もっとでっかいびくを持ってくるんだったな」
これ以上は釣っても持って帰れないので、玄蔵が引き上げようとしたら、後ろにだれか立っていました。
「おや？」
と、振り向いてみると、だれもいません。
「おかしいな」
そう思って、もう一度前に向き直ったら、なんと目の前の海に、ずぶぬれの女が赤ん坊を抱いて立っているのです。
月の光に照らされた顔は、まるで死人のように青白です。
玄蔵は逃げ出そうとしましたが、足がひきつり、動く事が出来ません。
女は、まるで海の上を歩くようにして、玄蔵のそばにやってきた。
そして、ぞっとするほど冷たい声で言いました。
「すみません。この子が、お腹をすかせて困っています。どうか、魚を一匹やってくださいな」
「や、や、やるとも」
玄蔵は震える手で、釣りあげたばかりの魚を女に手渡しました。
そして女が、その魚を赤ん坊に持たせるとどうでしょう。
赤ん坊は、いきなり魚の頭にかぶりつき、骨ごとバリバリと、またたく間に食べてしまったのです。
「すみません。もう一匹」
玄蔵は、びくごと女にわたしました。
すると赤ん坊は、バリバリ、ムシャムシャ、ペチャペチャと、口のまわりを血だらけにして、びくの中の魚を一匹残らずたいらげてしまったのです。
あまりの恐ろしさに、玄蔵は、もう気絶しそうです。
「すみませんが、ちょっとこの子を抱いてくれませんか？」
玄蔵は嫌がりましたが、女は玄蔵に赤ん坊を無理矢理おしつけたかと思うと、すうっと海の中に消えてしまいました。
玄蔵は、あわてて赤ん坊を投げようとしましたが、赤ん坊は胸にしっかりとしがみついて、どうやっても離れてくれません。
「とにかく、ここを逃げ出さなくては」
玄蔵は赤ん坊を抱いたまま、夢中で駆け出しました。
そしてようやく岩場を抜けて海辺の道へ出たとき、後ろから、ひづめの音が近づいてきました。
「あっ、牛鬼！」
ふりかえった玄蔵の前に、鬼の顔をした牛の化け物が、角をふりかざしながらやってきます。
「だ、だれか～！」
玄蔵は、声をふりしぼって叫びました。
そのころ玄蔵の家では、奥さんが一人で留守番をしていました。
座敷の方から、ガタガタと、おかしな音がするので、中をのぞいてみると、主人が大切にしている床の間の刀が、一人であばれているのです。
「これはもしや、主人の身に、何かあったにちがいない」
気の強い奥さんが表の戸を開けて外へ出ようとしたら、床の間の刀がさやから抜けて、矢の様に飛び出して行きました。
刀は空に舞い上がると、そのまま海辺にむかって一直線に飛んでいきます。
「どうか、主人をお守りください」
奥さんは、刀に向かって手を合わせました。
そのとき玄蔵は牛鬼に追いつめられ、するどい角でいまにもひと突きにされようとしていました。
「もうだめだ！」
玄蔵が思わず目をつむった瞬間、
「ぎゃあ！」
目の前で、ものすごい叫び声がしました。
それと同時に、玄蔵の胸から赤ん坊が落ちました。
恐る恐る目を開けてみると、牛鬼の首に、自分の刀が突き刺さっているではありませんか。
「助かった」
玄蔵は腰が抜けて、その場にへなへなと座り込んでしまいました。
次の朝、玄蔵が村人たちと一緒に昨日の海辺へ来てみると、牛鬼も赤ん坊の姿もなく、血の跡が、てんてんと海まで続いていたそうです。
ぬれ女とは海の岩場に住むお化けで、必ず、牛鬼を連れて現れるという事です。
oshimai - The END
- reference source : hukumusume.com/douwa/pc -


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鹿足郡 Kanoashi district 日原村 Nichihara village

On the evening of Setsubun the 出雲に鬼 demons of Izumo come out. The God of Izumo sits on his bronze horse and drives them away with his bow and arrow.
On this day the people of Izumo do not go outside to see him.
Once a curious old hag peeked out from a small hole, but the Deity saw her and hit her eye with his arrow.


shinba 神馬 the divine horse from Izumo


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那賀郡 Naka district 浅利村 Asari village (Present day 江津市浅利町）

Once upon a time the local Shrine priest went fishing in the evening, when the Nure-Onna gave him a baby to hold. He tried to throw it away, but it stuck to his hands. Finally Ushi-Oni came running after him. The priest run for his life, but suddenly he saw a white flash of light hitting the head of the Ushi-Oni. Later he understood that it was the sword from his Shrine that had come to his rescue.


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迩摩郡 Nima district

Once an old man took his small fishing boat and went out at night. An Ushi-Oni came after him, but he caught the demon and tried to birng him to his home. But near his fishing hut the Ushi-Oni fled. A young man who was watching tried to hit the Ushi-Oni and managed to cut off its head. But when they looked closer it was just 椿の古根 an old root of a 椿の古根 tsubaki camellia tree.

- - - Some researchers say the real origin of this monster is a root of a camellia tree (tsubaki no ne).
This tree is sacred in many parts of Japan. Ushi-Oni is in fact a local deity turned demon.
Camellia trees grow in many parts along the beaches and peninsulars, being brought there by the waves of the sea. Camellia flowers blossom at the border to the other world.

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西ノ島町 Nishinoshima town

Oniko 鬼子 Child of a Demon
The local people here never have a wedding ceremony on the Koshin day.
They say a child conceived on the Koshin day will either become a Demon Child or 蛇の子 the child of a serpent.


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仁多郡 Nita district 大馬木川 Omaki River

oni no shitaburui 鬼の舌震 shaking of the Demon's tongue



- quote -
A valley filled with massive, peculiarly-shaped rocks; a reminder of the primeval age
Oni No Shitaburui is a valley in the midstream of Omaki River.
You will never get tired watching the clear water flowing sometimes fast, sometimes slowly, between massive rocks. The valley is surrounded with abundant nature that looks different in different seasons. You can also enjoy the scenery on the walking path.

There is a legend explaining the origin of the name of the place.
Once upon a time, a small shark (wani ワニ) fell in love with a princess living in a village, and visited the village every day over the Sea of Japan. The princess felt sick of this and stemmed the water with a large rock to stop the shark, but the shark continued to admire the princess. It is said that the current name is a corruption of wani no shita buru (meaning the shark in love).

On both sides of the valley are steep cliffs, and the rows of massive, peculiarly-shaped rocks are a spectacular sight. There is a dam downstream, and you can enjoy fishing. The barrier-free walking path is suitable for wheelchairs and baby strollers. The Izumo area is a land of myths. Imagine the ancient days in the freely-growing trees forming a scene like a virgin forest of the primeval age.
- source : jnto.go.jp/eng/spot/natuscen -


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大原郡 Ohara district 阿用郷 （アヨ）Ayo village (now 大東町 Daito town)

This is maybe the oldest mention of an ONI in Japanese records.



Once upon a time
there lived a wild demon, who was very large and had only one eye. He appeared in the fields and when the farmers were busy, he took away their child and begun to eat it. The farmer and his wife hid in the bamboo forest in great fear and could not do anything to help. They trembled and the bamboo swayed, making quite a sound. When the child heard the sound, it begun to shout "
「アヨ、アヨ（動いたよ、動いたよ）」 Ayo! Ayo! (It's moving.)
This is how the region became its name.
- reference source : kotodama.日本伝.com -

This legend is mentioned in the Izumo Fudoki:
- quote -
the inhabitants of the Central Land who are not subjugated "ashiki," or evil gods. In Izumo fudoki, a one-eyed A appears in a reclaimed land in the community of Ayo of Izumo Province (present-day Shimane prefecture) and devours a man (Akimoto 238-39).
Komatsu Kazuhiko writes,
"People who had different customs or lived beyond the reach of the emperor's control" were considered some form of oni ("Supernatural Apparitions and Domestic Life in Japan" 3). This concept is actually not unique to Japan.
Targets of subjugation and different ethnic groups that do not assimilate the precepts of hegemonic authority are described as %, by the Han race even before the period of Six Dynasties (220-589) in China (Li 427). It is not certain, however, whether the character, was pronounced as oni or mono. Indeed, the character is rendered as mono in Man'yoshu (Ten Thousand Leaves, ca. eighth century).
There exists no definitive example of the term "on" in the ancient literature (Tsuchihashi 94-95).
- source : archive.org/stream/JapaneseDemonLore -


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- reference : nichibun yokai database 妖怪データベース -
- reference - 鬼　島根県　-

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. Onipedia - 鬼ペディア　- Oni Demons - ABC-List - .

. Tengu 天狗と伝説 Tengu legends "Long-nosed Goblin" .

. - yookai, yōkai 妖怪 Yokai monsters - .

. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

. Mingei 民芸　Regional Folk Art from Japan .

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Posted By Gabi Greve to Kappa - The Kappapedia on 3/22/2017 09:36:00 am

MINGEI - Demon legends Otsu

[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
. Onipedia - 鬼ペディア　- Oni Demons - ABC-List - .
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Shiga 滋賀県の鬼伝説　Oni Demon Legends　/ 大津 Otsu city
Otsu-E 大津絵 Paintings from Otsu


滋賀県大津市歴博へ「大津絵展」 Exhibition of Otsu-E

The most common topics are
Demons 鬼、Buddhist Deities 仏画、beautiful ladies 美人画、famous warriors 武者絵　and others.
. Otsu Paintings 大津絵 Otsu-E - Introduction .

The name derived from the place where these paintings were sold in the Edo period, in and around the post town of Otsu, which lay on the Tokaido Road. They were welcome cheap souvenirs with a special appeal.
During the 18th century, illustrations were given a moral didactic purpose and explanatory text was introduced about the picture. Often, though, there was a satirical bite: demons were portrayed as monks on alms round,
or as taking a bath with a comment inscribed such as "Many wash the body but not the mind".
- quote wikipedia-


. Otsu Paintings 大津絵 不動明王　of Fudo Myo-O .

- Click on each photo for more pictures !
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Oni no nenbutsu, nembutsu　鬼の念仏 Demon saying Amida prayers
鬼の寒念仏 demon praying in the cold





藤娘　鬼念仏 Fuji Musume and Oni no Nenbutsu
Kitagawa Utamaro

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tokkuri 徳利 sake flasks






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. dorei どれい【土鈴】 clay bells .













. Ootsu-e juuninshuu dorei 大津絵十人衆人形土鈴 .
clay bells of 10 important themes of Otsu paintings from Moriyama town 守山市


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伊東桂楽作 香合 大津絵 鬼 Ito Keiraku - Incense container


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ema 絵馬 votive tablets




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. manhole マンホール covers with art motives .



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信楽焼 Shigaraki pottery


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oni no yuki no naka nenbutsu 鬼の雪中念仏 Demon praying in the snow




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. . . CLICK here for more 鬼の念仏 Photos !

- reference : otsu paintings oni nenbutsu -
Praying Goblin dressed as a Buddhist Priest

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oni no gyoozui 鬼の行水 Demon taking a bath





CLICK for more samples !








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oni to shamisen 鬼三味線 Demon playing Shamisen










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oni to sake　鬼とお酒　Demons and rice wine








and even 酔鬼 the Demon is drunk







- Sake collection with Otsu-E paintings





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rai to yakko 雷と奴 Thunder Demon and Yakko







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源頼光 Minamoto no Yorimitsu - Raikō (948 - 1021)
a hero fighting Shuten dōji 酒呑童子







. Master Carver Enku 円空 (1632 - 1695) .
and his Otsu-e type carvings


酒呑童子 Shuten Doji












いい湯だな～ Oni enjoying a hot bath


- reference source : yasuo1992.blog.fc2.com -


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kokeshi　こけし　wooden dolls









collection of dolls from Shiga, including Otsu-e Oni


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kakejiku 掛け軸 hanging scrolls




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. Setsubun 節分 ritual on February 3 .
to drive out the demons and invite good fortune


. hiiragi sasu 柊挿す piercing with a holly and fish head .

oni to hiiragi 鬼と柊 Demon and the Holly branch




fuku wa uchi 福は内 oni wa soto 鬼は外　and even fuku wa soto 福は外


oni wa soto 鬼は外 devil driven out



fuku wa soto 福は外 good luck driven out


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- - - - - Various motives with ONI - - - - -
- reference source : otsue.jp/os/T_oni2010 -

oni no junrei 鬼の巡礼 Demon on a pilgrimage



and more ONI items
- reference source : otsue.jp/os/T_oni2010 -


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Yanagi Soetsu Muneyoshi 柳宗悦 (1889-1961)
wrote about 大津絵 and Oni at the rituals during Setsubun 追分絵.

In some regions it was custom to stick a painting of an Oni upside-down on a sick part of the body and pray for healing.




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- - - - - Oni legends from Shiga - - - - -


. Shuten Dooji 酒呑童子 Shuten Doji "Sake Child" Demon
Shuten Dōji 酒顛童子, 酒天童子, 朱点童子 Saka Doji / "Demon Child" 鬼童 Kido .
Kidoomaru 鬼童丸、鬼同丸（きどうまる）Kidomaru
It is related to the famous demons of Oeyama 大江山.
And
Minamoto no Yorimitsu 源頼光 (948 – August 29, 1021), also known as Minamoto no Raikō
Oni no dookutsu 鬼の洞窟 Oni's cave
Oni-take Inari Jinja (鬼岳稲荷神社)
Oni-iwa 鬼岩 Demon boulder - Hyogo
鬼越山　Onigoeyama - Ibaraki
Watanabe no Tsuna 渡辺綱 (953-1025) fights against a demon (Ibaraki doji)
鬼殺し Onikoroshi " killing the demon" - Sake
The demon 外道丸 Gedomaru lived a while at the foot of Mount Ibukiyama 伊吹山の麓 as 伊吹童子 Ibuki Doji and then moved on to Oeyama.

dooji kirimaru 童子切丸 Doji Killer Blade
Name of the sword from Minamoto Raiko, used to kill 伊吹童子 Ibuki Doji.
(Below, there are other famous swords called Kirimaru.)


最上家伝来の宝刀「鬼切丸」/ Onimaru 鬼丸 - - Oni Kirimaru - "Demon cutter"
源氏重代の宝刀の一つ鬼切
- reference source : samidare.jp/yoshiaki -

The elder brother of Raiko, 美女丸 Bijomaru,
took the sword and became quite wild. His father 光仲 Mitsunaka ordered 藤原仲光 Fujiwara no Nakamitsu to kill Bijomaru, but Nakamitsu killed his own son instead and presented it to Bijomaru. Bijomaru finally changed his wild ways and became a monk at 比叡山 Hieizan.

- quote -
美女丸　Bijomaru and 幸寿丸　Kojumaru (小童寺　Shodoji Temple)
There is a tragic tale told of Shodoji Temple located in Nishiuneno.
Minamoto-no-Mitsunaka, who was the Lord of Settsu and the person who built Tada-In （Tada Shrine） in the 10th century, sent his son, Bijomaru, to Nakayamadera Temple （Takarazuka City）, to receive training to become a Buddhist priest. Bijomaru, however, spent all his time playing martial arts, and was not serious at all in his training to become a priest.
One day, when Bijomaru became 15 years old, his father, Mitsunaka asked him how much progress he made in his training. When Mitsunaka realized that Bijomaru could not read Buddhist scriptures, nor compose a tanka （a 31-syllable Japanese poem） nor play music, he became furious and ordered his chief vassal, Nakamitsu Fujiwara, to kill Bijomaru by cutting his head.
Nakamitsu was in big difficulties, since he could not take the life of a son of his lord. As Kojumaru, one of the sons of Nakamitsu, knew the plight of his father, he told his father to kill him instead. Nakamitsu found Kojumaru join his hands in prayer, and close his eyes. Holding back his tears, Nakamitsu slew his son, and let Bijomaru secretly go off to Mount Hiei （Shiga Prefecture）.
Bijomaru later found out what had happened, and devoted himself to ascetic practices to become a priest. He became a high-ranking priest, called Genken-sozu, and built Shodoji Temple to enshrine the spirit of Kojumaru.
The temple of this legend is highlighted by ever-changing scenery of the seasons, from cherry blossoms in spring to vibrant yellows and reds in autumn.
- source : city.kawanishi.hyogo.jp -

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hebi kirimaru 蛇切丸 serpent cutter sword

Niigata, 松之山町 Matsunoyama
The serpent wanted the princess of the pond 蒲生池 / 蒲生の池 Kamo-no-ike as his bride. But the Nakodo was refused. In his anger he killed all the members of the family.
He borrowed the famous serpent-cutting sword Hebikirimaru 蛇切丸 and fought with the enemy.

. nakōdo 仲人 Nakodo, legends about matchmakers .



kumo kirimaru 蜘蛛切丸 spider cutter, spider-killing sword
The sword Kimaru, Onimaru 鬼丸という刀 used to kill the Tsuchigumo monster 土蜘蛛退治.
This sword is also called Hizamaru (膝丸)

- quote -
There are various theories to the story of the tsuchigumo, and in the Heike Monogatari, there is as following (they were written as 山蜘蛛).
When Yorimitsu suffered from malaria, and lay on a bed, a strange monk who was 7 shaku (about 2.1 meters) tall appeared, released some rope, and tried to capture him. Yorimitsu, despite his sickness, cut him with his famous sword, the Hizamaru (膝丸), causing the monk to flee. The next day, Yorimitsu led his Four Guardian Kings to chase after the blood trail of the monk, and arrived at a mound behind shrine Kitano jinja where there was a large spider that was 4 shaku wide (about 1.2 meters). Yorimitsu and the others caught it, pierced it with an iron skewer, and exposed it to a riverbed. Yorimitsu's illness left him immediately, and the sword that cut the spider was from then on called the Kumo-kiri (蜘蛛切り, spider-cutter).
The true identity of this tsuchigumo was said to be an onryō of the aforementioned local clan defeated by Emperor Jimmu.
This tale is also known from the very fifth noh, "Tsuchigumo."
- source : wikipedia -


- quote -
the sword Onimaru 鬼丸
Onimaru is one of the 'Tenka-goken', the five famous swords of Japan.
Its legend is about an ogre which made Hojyo Tokiyori, 5th regent in Kamakura era, suffer from nightmares. One night, he saw a dream of an old man, who turned out to be a spirit of the katana. After following the his advice in real world, the katana fell down and cut down the silver decoration of an ogre.
Since then, he never saw a nightmare again.
Imperial Household Agency is currently keeping this Onimaru. Unfortunately, it has only been displayed three times.
- source : wasa-bi.com/topics -


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kishin 鬼神 "Demon Deity"

Once Fujiwara no Chikata used his four Demon Deities to haunt travellers in the region.
But Tamuramaro came to punish him.

. Sakanoue no Tamuramaro 坂上田村麻呂 (758 - 811) .
... a general and shogun of the early Heian Period of Japan.


Fujiwara no Chikata no Yonki 藤原千方の四鬼 The four demons of Fujiwara Chikata



- quote -
Fujiwara no Chikata Kutsu 窟 cave (Takao, Iga City)
This is the castle of Fujiwara no Chikata, who appears in the Taiheiki, or Records of Great Peace.



In the Heian Period, noble family Fujiwara no Chikata started war with the imperial court, used the
yonki (four devils: kinki 金鬼 gold devil, fuuki 風鬼 wind devil, suiki 水鬼 water devil,
ongyoki 隠形鬼 / 怨京鬼 stealth devil)
to distress the imperial armies.
The waka poem of Kinotomo, who had come to put down Fujiwara no Chikata, said
"All things, whether grass or tree, are ruled by the Emperor,
and not even a devil can turn his back to the Emperor and live in this land"
to disperse the four devils and Fujiwara no Chikata was defeated. The four devils are said to have been the original archetype for ninja. The Chikata monument was built in 1760, and commemorates Fujiwara no Chikata and Wakamiya deities.
- source : iganinja.jp/en/place/spo -



- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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kijin 鬼人 "human demon"
Once upon a time
King Ashoka (阿育王 Aiku O) from India asked a human demon to throw three rocks to 琵琶湖 lake Biwako in Japan.
This is the beginning of an island called Shiraishi 白石島 "white stone island".



沖の白石 Oki no Shiraishi - rocks in the middle of Lake Biwako
There are now four rocks, sticking out from about 80 meters below the water level.
Now a favorite resting place for birds, which turned the rocks white from bird droppings.


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蒲生郡 Gamou district 日野町 Hino

At the shrine 綿向神社 Watamuki Jinja there is an ema 絵馬 votive tablet of a half-naked woman, only clad in koshimaki 腰巻 waste wrapper, and an Oni with only a fundoshi 褌1丁 male underware doing a bout of 相撲 sumo wrestling.
- If any one can locate this ema, please share ! -



馬見岡綿向神社 Umamioka Watamuki Jinja
滋賀県蒲生郡日野町村井711　 / 711 Murai, Hino-chō, Gamou-gun, Shiga

- quote -
Umamioka Watamuki Shrine at the foot of Mt. Watamuki in Hino Town, Shiga Prefecture, is a historic shrine founded in 545. The enshrined deities are Amenohonohi no Mikoto, Amenohinadori no Mikoto and Takemikumaushi no Mikoto.
It was originally founded at the top of Mt. Watamuki and was transferred to the present place in 796.
The spring festival of the shrine
"Hino Festival" held on May 2 to 4 every year is the most gorgeous festival on the eastern side of Lake Biwa. The festival dates back to 1170, since when ancient rituals and customs have been passed down to the present time.
On the main festival day on May 3,
a lot of Shinto rites are performed in traditional ways. The highlight is the parade with the 3 holy children and the guarding attendants in samurai costumes in the lead, who are followed by a sacred horse, shrine priests and the 3 mikoshi from the attached shrines and sumptuous 16 festival floats, which were donated by wealthy Omi merchants about 130 to 200 years ago. The festival is prefecturally designated as an intangible cultural property.
- source : nipponkichi -

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伊香郡 Ika district 西浅井町 Nishiazai

kimon 鬼門，忌門 the Demon gate
When building a new home, people have to take great care in the Northern direction .

. kimon 鬼門 the Demon Gate .
The north is considered an un-auspicious region and needs protection from real and imagined enemies, fiends and demons. 　

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甲賀市 Koga town 甲南町 Konan

oniban 鬼 / オニバン
Ganzan Daishi was explaining the sutras. To drive out the akuma 悪魔 devil he transformed himself into an Oni.
Amulets with this figure are now used for healing purposes (病気平癒・虫除け).



. Ganzan Daishi, Gansan Daishi 元三大師 .
Ryōgen 良源 Priest Ryogen (912 – 985)

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大津市 Otsu

At the temple 明王院 Myo-O-In in the village of 葛川 Kuzugawa there is an ema 絵馬 votive tablet showing an aka-oni 赤鬼 red demon with a white fundoshi ふんどし underpants and a waist wrapper made from 豹の毛皮 panther skin. His opponent is a huge man with strong muscles, all naked. They have a rope around the neck 首引き and pull in a contest of strength.


waka no toku 和歌の徳 - kishin 鬼神 "Demon Deity"
At Karasaki there is a famous 唐崎の松 matsu pine tree.



Once it was about to wither but through the power of Waka poetry the Kishin was moved and helped it to regain its lush green color.

. Matsuo Basho visiting Karasaki .
The pines of Karasaki are another of the famous eight landscapes of Omi (omi hakkei　近江八景） Eight Views of Omi Province.

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高島市 Takashima town

ura kimon 裏鬼門 the back-side kimon deomn gate
The kitchen entry and main pillar of the home are the KIMON.Taking the opposite direction is the ura kimon.
There in the garden you should not plant anything, because that will cause bad luck.

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高島郡 Takashima district マキノ町 Makino

onibaba 鬼婆 demon hag
She invites travellers to stay over night in her home and then kills and eats them.

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- reference : Nichibun Yokai Database -


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. Mingei 民芸　Regional Folk Art from Japan .

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Posted By Gabi Greve to Kappa - The Kappapedia on 3/26/2017 09:45:00 am