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4 Aug 2018

EDO - Okubo district Shinjuku

https://edoflourishing.blogspot.com/2018/07/okubo-district-shinjuku.html

Okubo district Shinjuku

[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo　江戸の名所 .
. Persons and People of Edo - Personen .
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Ookubo, Ōkubo 大久保 Okubo district, Shinjuku
東京都新宿区大久保一丁目から大久保三丁目 Shinjuku ward, from the first to the third sub-district,
百人町 Hyakunincho district

ookubo 大窪 "great sunken place", "great hollow"

. Hyakuninchoo　百人町 Hyakunincho district .
Hyakunin (hundred-man) brigade of shooters
During the Edo period, the villages of 柏木 Kashiwagi and 大久保 Okubo were agricultural districts on either side of Hyakunin-cho where samurai warrior residences were located.

Ookubomura 大久保村 Okubo village
In 1713, the village came under the jurisdiction of the Edo Bakufu government.
In the South was the Shimo-Yashiki estate of 一橋the Hitotsubashi family.

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- quote
Shin-Ōkubo 新大久保
is a neighborhood within Tokyo's Shinjuku ward known for its extensive Korean community. It is built around Shin-Ōkubo Station and is accessible on the Yamanote Line. Shin-Ōkubo is home to both Korean residents in Japan as well as Korean immigrants, and has seen an upsurge in popularity due to Hallyu pop-culture. In recent years Nepali people have settled in the area and have opened up Nepali restaurants.
Shin Sang-yoon, the director of the Korean Chamber of Commerce and Industry in Japan, stated that Koreans began coming to Shin-Ōkubo around 1983 because at that time it was one of the most inexpensive areas of Tokyo. By July 2013 several nationalistic anti-Korean demonstrations done by Japanese have occurred in Shin-Ōkubo.
- source : wikipedia

新大久保コリアンタウン Shin-Okubo Koreatown

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- quote -
新大久保 Shin-Ōkubo, literally New Okubo.
... this area wasn't Edo.
West of Edo Castle was all suburbs. The first shogun, Tokugawa Ieyasu, strategically relocated many of his 旗本 hatamoto direct retainers out here. He gave some of them extraordinarily large fiefs for their rank and charged them with the defense of the roads coming into his capital. Very much a Sengoku Period general, he rightly assumed that attacks from the sea in the east would be unlikely, but a land based attack from the west could prove a threat. One of the main entrances to the city was the Yotsuya Ōkido 四谷大木戸 Yotsuya Checkpoint on the Kōshū Kaidō 甲州街道 Kōshū Highway which was in this area. This area, by the way, was known not as Edo, but as 武蔵国豊多摩郡 Musashi no Kuni Toyotama-gun Toyotama District, Musashi Province in those days.This place name,
while seemingly auspicious on the surface, is generally believed to have quite humble roots. You see, a river called the 蟹川 Kanigawa used to flow through the area between Kabukichō 1-2 chōme 1st & 2nd blocks of Kabukichō and Shinjuku 6-7 chōme 6th & 7th blocks of Shinjuku. By their very nature, rivers tend to be in geographic depressions, which made this area good for farming, but prone to flooding. This part of Toyotama seems to have been no different. At the area dividing Nishi-Ōkubo West Ōkubo and Higashi-Ōkubo East Ōkubo, there was a particularly noticeable drop in elevation, an 大きな窪地 ōki na kubochi, if you will. If the story is to be believed, the locals called it an 大窪地 ōkubochi which was eventually reduced to ōkubo.
- source : japanthis -

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Ookubo eki 大久保駅 Okubo station / Shin-Okubo station
is a railway station on the Chūō-Sōbu Line in Shinjuku.
1-17-1 Hyakuninchō, Shinjuku, Tokyo

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. Shrine Kaichu Inari Jinja 皆中稲荷神社 .
Once upon a time there was a region called Okubo 大窪 in the Musashi plain.
Descendants from the Ise Shrine called Oshi 御師 settled there and soon built a shrine (around 1533).

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Nishimuki Tenjinsha 西向天神社
東京都新宿区新宿6-21-1
This shrine had been built by Saint Togano Myoe 栂尾明恵上人 in 1228. Since the main hall faces West, it is called
"West-facing Tenjin Shrine".
It was the protector shrine of 東大久保村鎮守 Higashi Okubo village.

. Myoe Shonin 明恵上人 (1173 - 1232) .

Once the third Shogun Tokugawa Iemitsu came here for hunting with hawks. He gave a golden natsume 棗 tea caddy to the head priest with the request to rebuilt the shrine.
The shrine is therefore also known as
Natsume Jinja 棗神社

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The name Ōkubo-ke 大久保家 Ōkubo Family, Okubo clan
is a distinctly samurai name of rather high pedigree. They were a branch of the Utsunomiya-shi 宇都宮氏 Utsunomiya Clan which could trace their lineage back to the 900's. The founders of this new branch were among the most loyal retainers of 松平弘忠 Matsudaira Hirotada. In case you don't recognize that name, he was the father of the first Edo shogun, 徳川家康 Tokugawa Ieyasu.
Later, the Ōkubo clan served Ieyasu well. In fact, the second family head, a certain 大久保忠世 Ōkubo Tadayo, served in nearly all Ieyasu's military campaigns and even commanded his corps of bodyguards. After Ieyasu had secured the title of shogun, he elevated Tadayo to daimyō status gave him Odawara-han 小田原藩 Odawara Domain. This meant the Odawara clan controlled the 箱根関所 Hakone Sekisho Hakone Check Point as well as 箱根山 Hakone Yama Mt. Hakone, a region famous in Japanese mythology and renowned for its natural hot springs, beautiful lakes and coastal areas.
Odawara, Mt. Hakone, and the Ōkubo clan have nothing to do with this suburb of Edo.
- japanthis

. Okubo Hikozaemon 大久保彦左衛門 - Ōkubo Tadataka 大久保忠教 .
(1560 – 1639)

. Okubo Nagayasu 大久保長安 .

Ōkubo Toshimichi 大久保利通 (1830 – 1878)

- - - More Okubo names in the WIKIPEDIA !

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. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

.................................................................................　Okubo 大久保

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- reference : nichibun yokai database -
tba

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28 Jul 2018

SENNIN - Chuzan Chusan

https://heianperiodjapan.blogspot.com/2018/04/sennin-chuzan-chusan.html

Sennin Chuzan Chusan

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. sennin　仙人と伝説 Legends about Immortals .
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Chuusan Shoonin, Chūzan, Chūsan 中算上人 (ちゅうざん） Saint Chuzan

He is Nr. 32 of
. 日本の仙人37人 - The 37 Immortals of Japan .

Not much to be found about this Immortal.
(935 - 976)

山階寺の僧である中算 Chuzan from temple Yamashinadera
興福寺の僧である中算 Chuzan from the temple Kofuku-Ji

... Chusan, another disciple of Kusei, worked miracles at Nachi ...

- quote -
One of the leaders of the Yamashina temple community was the monk 中筹 Chusan, who was staying at a small residence near the Kangaku-In while his community was putting pressure on the government officials. One night, in the presence of a number of his disciples, Chusan suddenly said that someone was approaching, but his disciples could see no one, no matter how hard they looked.
Nevertheless, shortly afterward the disciples could hear Chusan conversing with someone, and when they asked him with whom he was speaking, he replied that it was Ryogen of the Enryaku-Ji.
the monks incredulous, exclaimed: "What are you saying? But, Ryogen is dead!..."
Then, realizing that it must have been the departed spirit of the deceased Ryogen that came to speak with their master, they became speechless with fear.
The next day Chusan, saying that he felt ill, excused himself from attending the hearing on the Gion question. Without their leader, and recalling the eerie event of the preceding night, the monks of the Yamashina temple were confused and upset, and when the court failed to issue the judgement that they were hoping for, they quickly left Kyoto and withdrew to their home temple.
... Chusan died in 969, sixteen years before Ryogen died . . .
- source : citeseerx.ist.psu.edu... pdf file -

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Kōfukuji and the Mountains of Yamato
..... Later, during a terrible drought,
Chusan struck the rock of a mountain with his sword and cool water gushed forth "like a waterfall." ...
- source : jstor.org/stable .. Tyler Royall .. -

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. Kōfukuji, Koofukuji 興福寺 Kōfuku-Ji .
Kōfuku-ji has its origin as a temple that was established in 669 by Kagami-no-Ōkimi (鏡大君), the wife of Fujiwara no Kamatari, wishing for her husbands's recovery from illness. Its original site was in Yamashina, Yamashiro Province (present-day Kyoto).
In 672, the temple was moved to Fujiwara-kyō, the first artificially planned capital in Japan, then again in 710, moved to its current place, on the east side of the newly constructed capital, Heijō-kyō, today's Nara.

- wikipedia -

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- quote -
今昔物語 - Konjaku Monogatari 　
今ではもう昔のことだが、一条摂政殿のお住まいになっていた桃園は、現在の世尊寺という寺である。そこで摂政殿が季の御読経を行われたときに、比叡山・三井寺・奈良の並々ならぬ学僧たちを選んでお招きになったので、学僧たちは皆参上したのだが、夕座を待っている間に、僧たちは並んで座って、ある者は経を読み、ある者は世間話などして座っていた。
寝殿の南側の部屋を御読経所として用意してあったので、その御読経所に並んで座っているうちに、南側の築山・池などがたいそう美しいのを見て、興福寺の僧中算が言うことには、「ああ、この御殿の木の立ち方は、よそでは見られないすばらしさだよ」と言ったのを、そばに木寺の基僧という僧が座っていて、この言葉を聞くやいなや、「奈良の法師はやはり無知なものである。いやしいものの言い方をするものだなあ。『こだち』と言うのに、『きだち』と言っているようだな。心もとない（＝その学識も不安に思われる）言葉づかいだな。」と言って、爪弾きをぱちぱちとした。中算はこのように言われて、「妙な言い方をしたことだ。しかし、それならばあなたのことを、小寺の小僧と申さなければなりませんね」と言ったところ、その場にいたすべての僧たちは、皆これをきいて大声をあげて爆笑したということだ。
その時に摂政殿が、この笑う声をお聞きになって、「何を笑っているのか」とお尋ねになったので、僧たちがありのままに申し上げたところ、摂政殿は、「これは中算がこのように（＝小寺の小僧）言おうと思って、基僧の前で言い出したこと（＝きだち）を、どうしてか気付かないで、基僧が中算のわなにはまって、このように（＝小寺の小僧）と言われたのは愚かなことだ」とおっしゃったので、僧たちはよりいっそう笑って、それから後、小寺の小僧というあだ名が付いたのであった。「へたに言葉とがめをして、あだ名が付いたよ」と言って基僧は悔しがった。
この基僧は木寺に住んでいたから、木寺の基僧と言うのである。中算は並々でなく優れた学僧であったのに、また（一面）このようにおもしろいことを言う人だった、と、世間では語り伝えているということだ。
- reference source : geocities.jp/kougoyaku -

- quote -
寝殿造りの南側、庭に臨む縁の部分を御読経所に当てていたので、僧たちはそこにずらっと並んで座っていた。南側の池や中島の築山のようすがたいそう趣き深いのを見て、興福寺の若手の学僧として有名だった僧中算（ちゅうざん）が、こんなことを言った。
「ああ、ここのお屋敷のキダチは他のところとはまるで違いますな。ま、何とすばらしいものだ。」
ところが、傍にいた木寺（きでら）の基増（きぞう）という叡山の僧が、これを聞いて、「いやいや、奈良の法師はずいぶんと物を知らん。何とまあみっともない言葉遣いじゃ。コダチとは言うがキダチとは。ああ、何ともはや、情けないことで。」
いかにもあざけるように、爪をパチパチ鳴らしながら言ったものだ。
中算はあわてず、
「おやおや、これは言い間違いをしましたな。では、あなた様の事も小寺（こでら）の小僧（こぞう）と申し上げなければなりませんな。」
とニヤリと笑って見せた。
中算の言葉を聞いた満座の僧たちは、口々に
「小寺の小僧、小寺の小僧とな！　これは、これは」
と、ギャハハハハと腹を抱えて大笑い！
さて、この大騒ぎを別室で聞いた摂政殿は、何事かと聞きにやらせると、僧たちがその場のようすをかくかくしかじかと説明したので、摂政殿は
「やれやれ、これは中算がこんな風に言ってやろうと、わざわざ基増の前で言って見せたのじゃ。それを何にも気付かずに基増がまんまと引っかかってしまったのだろう。愚かな奴じゃのう。」
これを聞いて僧たちは、ますます大笑い。その後、基増には『小寺の小僧』という実にありがたくないあだ名がついてしまったので、
「ああ、下手にとがめだてして、いらんあだ名を付けられてしまったわい。」
と、基増は後々まで悔しがった。
この基増は比叡山の幹部の一人で、木寺というところに住んでいたために「木寺」と呼ばれるようになったのである。一方の中算は興福寺きっての俊英だけに、こうした物言いも上手であったと、語り伝えられている。
- reference source : eonet.ne.jp/~jujiro/setuwa... -

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. sennin 天狗と仙人伝説 Legends about Tengu and Immortals .

. sennin　仙人と伝説 Legends about Immortals .

. Japan - Shrines and Temples - Index .

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[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]
- - #senninchuzan #chuzansennin #chusan-
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18 Jul 2018

SENNIN - Kanda Sao-Uchi

https://heianperiodjapan.blogspot.com/2018/04/sennin-kanda-sao-uchi.html

Sennin Kanda Sao-Uchi

source : toki.moo.jp/gaten/ 475 ...

For some reason he was mentioned in a book from 1097:
本朝神仙記伝 / 本朝神仙伝 Honcho Shinsenden - Lives of Japanese immortals.

「竿打（さをう）ちの仙（ひじり）は、大和の國の人なりけり。仙（ひじり）の道を学べども俗骨（ぞくこつ）猶（なお）し（しはなおを強めていう語）重くして、藥餌（やくじ）の力も施（ほどこ）し難くぞありける。地を離れて飛べども、その高さ七八尺に過ぎざりしかば、年少（としわか）き兒童（わらべ）ら、皆竿（さを）を捧げて追ひたり。故（かるがゆゑ）に此（かか）る名をぞ得たりける。その終（は）つるところを知らざりけり」

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. sennin 天狗と仙人伝説 Legends about Tengu and Immortals .

. sennin　仙人と伝説 Legends about Immortals .

. Japan - Shrines and Temples - Index .

[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　. TOP . ]
[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]
- - #senninkanda #kanda #kandasennin #saouchi -
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11 Jul 2018

SENNIN Juge

https://heianperiodjapan.blogspot.com/2018/04/sennin-jugeso-juge.html

Sennin Jugeso Juge

大津市北小松 Otsu town, Kita-Komatsu

- Deity in residence
. 鴨玉依姫命 / 玉依姫命 Tamayori Hime no Mikoto .

The origin of this shrine is not quite clear.
In 982, 佐々木成頼 Sasaki Nariyori ordered the construction of the 日吉十禅師 Juzenji of Hiyoshi.
This shrine flourished as the protector shrine of the Sasaki clan in 近江国 Omi (now Shiga prefecture).
The shrine was destructed by Oda Nobunaga, but later rebuild.
In 1870, it was named 十禅師社 Juzenji Shrine

Minamoto no Nariyori 源成頼 (676 - 1003) = Sasaki Nariyori

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大津市南比良 Otsu town, Minami-Kira

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大津市木戸 Otsu town, Kido

This shrine was constructed on orders of 佐野豊賢 Sano Toyokata. the regent of 木戸城 Kido castle, to protect the area and his clan.
The shrine was destroyed by Oda Nobunaga and later rebuilt in 1578.

- reference source : shiga/otsu-kido-jugejinja... -

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- quote -
Juge Jinja is a small shrine in the Higashi-Hongu area of Hiyoshi Taisha. This structure is classified as an Important Cultural Asset.
Hiyoshi Taisha
is dedicated to Sanno Gongen, the deity of Mount Hiei, and dates back to 806. The shrine is located at the base of the mountain in Sakamoto near the shores of Lake Biwa. Because of its proximity to Hieizan, it has always been associated with Enryaku-ji. The shrine was destroyed in 1571 when Nobunaga eliminated the Enryaku-ji monks, but it was rebuilt soon after.
Hiyoshi Taisha. Otsu, Shiga.
- source : flickr.com/photos/jpellgen... -

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. sennin 天狗と仙人伝説 Legends about Tengu and Immortals .

. sennin　仙人と伝説 Legends about Immortals .

. Japan - Shrines and Temples - Index .

[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　. TOP . ]
[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]
- - #senninjugeso #jugeso #jugejinja #enhobo #juzenji -
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27 Jun 2018

PERSONS - Minamoto no Toru

https://heianperiodjapan.blogspot.com/2018/04/kawara-no-in-minamoto-toru.html

Kawara no In Minamoto Toru

- quote -
Minamoto no Tōru 源融 (822 – September 21, 895)
was a Japanese poet and statesman. He was born the son of Emperor Saga and a member of the Saga Genji clan. He is sometimes mentioned as the model for Hikaru Genji in important Japanese literary classic The Tale of Genji.
Under his title Kawara no Sadaijin (河原左大臣, Minister of the Left of Kawara), he is the author of poem 14 in the Ogura Hyakunin Isshu poetry anthology:

陸奥のしのぶもぢずり誰ゆゑに
乱れそめにしわれならなくに

Michinoku no
Shinobu-mojizuri
Tare yue ni
Midare somenishi
Ware naranaku ni

Like Michinoku prints,
Of the tangled leaves of ferns,
It is because of you,
That I have become confused;
But my love for you remains.

The poem originally appeared in the Kokinshū, no. 724. Here is another translation:

The dye with hare's-foot-fern, of Michinoku
who else would have made me feel as disturbed?

The poet is also famous for making a replica of the uta-makura Shiogama ("poetic place name") in his garden.
His tomb resides at the Seiryō-ji, a Buddhist temple situated on what was once Saga Moor in Kyoto.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

Shiogama in Kyoto 京都の塩竈

source : yomigaereshiogama.jp...

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. Matsuo Basho visiting Shinobu .

みちのく（陸奥）の　しのぶもぢずり（忍ぶ綟摺り）
誰ゆえに　乱れ染めにし　我ならなくに

shinobu mojizuri is a special cloth dyed in the region of the village
Shinobu gun Fukushima 福島県信夫郡.
Made from shinobugusa 忍ぶ草、hare's-foot fern, deersfoot fern
Davallia bullata and others
. Michinoku roads みちのく路 .

As wholly confused
as cloth dyed in moss-fern design
from Michinoku
so distraught is my heart now
and for no one else but you.
Tr. Steven D. Carter

and

I long to find a path
to the depths of Mount Shinobu
that I might fathom
the secrets of
another's heart
Tr. Shirane

- quote
Shinobu Mottling Rock, Fukushima
6 km north-east from Fukushima City sits the village of Shinobu (present-day Mojizuri). Three seemingly unconnected objects - a large, moss-dappled rock, the Michinoku (Tohoku) kimono design of mottled ferns made famous in the Heian period (794 - 1185), and an impossible love story - have together made Shinobu a vastly recognized and esteemed location of utamakura.
Utamakura is a place-name used in waka (traditional Japanese poetry) which, through alternative readings of the name's kanji (Chinese characters) or its associations with national histories and figures, can be used as an allusive tool towards sentiment and meaning within waka; an incredibly popular and admired poetic device which was employed even in everyday conversation at the Heian Kyoto Court.

In the 9th century, Minamoto no Toru (a high-ranking noble of the Heian Imperial Court in Kyoto) traveled to the "great north," Michinoku, which was at that time deemed an uncivilized land due to its distance from the shining capital. At some point, he passed through Shinobu, a village well-known by the Imperial Court for its unique production of a kimono design called Shinobu Mojizuri (fern mottle). It was not uncommon for high-ranking nobles to undertake vast journeys north for state affairs. And on these journeys, it wasn't completely unheard of to learn of nobles falling in love with villagers of little, or no, social status.

Unfortunately for Minamoto no Toru and the lady of Shinobu, he did just so. Staying with the lady's father and delaying his return to the capital for over a month, he was eventually called back to court and the separation was impossible to withstand for both of them. Minamoto no Toru did as all Heian courtiers in his day could do; he wrote a poem about it. And the lady of Shinobu took to her bed with grief, dying before the verse could reach her.
The verse adopts the word 'shinobu' and its three potential readings in Japanese: the name of the village Shinobu; the type of fern found in abundance around the village, called shinobugusa; and the verb shinobu, "to love secretly."
In just five lines, Minamoto no Toru encapsulates his sentiment, the history and relevance of the setting to his story, and appropriate similes for such a saddening poem in incredible subtlety and talent in his employment of utamakura.

Like the cloth printed
with ferns in far Shinobu
of the deep north —
if not for you
for whom would I dye my heart
with tangled love?

Since this all occurred over twelve centuries ago, Shinobu has welcomed such admirers of its history and poetry as Basho Matsuo, who came to compose a haiku on the subject in his Oku no Hosomichi pilgrimage of Michinoku utamakura locations.

早苗とる手もとや昔しのぶ摺

Deft hands that now pluck
seedlings, once you used to press
patterns from the stones.
Tr. Donald Keene

The mottling rock upon which the famous Michinoku kimono was mottled with fern is enshrined by an open gate. The two poems are also on the grounds, set in stone. All are surrounded by a wonderful view of Fukushima, the Kannon-Do Temple and Phoenix Pagoda, and a river also famous in traditional waka, the Abukumagawa.
- source : http://ja.japantourist.jp

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. Japanese Legends - 伝説　民話　昔話 – ABC-List .

................................................................................. Fukushima 福島県　

文知摺石 Mojizuri Ishi
Minamoto no Toru stayed some time at the residence of a rich family near the Mojizuri Ishi stone. He fell in love with the beautiful Torajo 虎女 (Tiger Woman), but eventually he had to go back to Kyoto. There was no further news from him.
Torajo was so sad, waiting and waiting for her lover. She made a vow to the stone, to show her the image of her lover Toru. After praying for many days, her wish was fulfilled and his figure appeared on the stone.

source :　HeartLand-Icho

mojizuri ishi 文字摺石 - 信夫文知摺石 mojizuri mottlilng stone, rock
shinobu mojizuri しのぶもじずり / 忍捩摺り／信夫捩摺り

The lower part of the stone has been used so often that it is all shining and the stone was once called
kagami ishi 鏡石 mirror stone.

................................................................................. Kyoto 京都府　

tooru no daijin no rei 融の大臣の霊 / Tôru daijin / The Minister Toru
Most of the stories of ghosts are about people becoming ghosts and appearing as a skull.
One of the oldest records is the Nihon Ryooiki 日本霊異記 Nihon Ryoiki.
宇多院 Emperor Uda (867 - 931) made an official visit to 河原院 Kawara no In (the official residence of Minamoto no Tooru 源融 Toru (822 - 895).
The late owner of this Kawara residence, Toru, appeared clad in 衣冠 formal robes as a ghost to greet the visitor.

-
oni 鬼 demon
When 栄爵 Eishaku and his wife from the countryside came to Kawara no In to find work, she was taken away by a demon.

. Onipedia 日本の鬼 The Demons of Japan .

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- reference : Nichibun Yokai Database -

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. sennin 天狗と仙人伝説 Legends about Tengu and Immortals .

. sennin　仙人と伝説 Legends about Immortals .

. Japan - Shrines and Temples - Index .

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[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]
- - #kawaranoin #minamototoru #mojizuri -
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21 Jun 2018

HEIAN - Sennin Ho-On Daishi

https://heianperiodjapan.blogspot.com/2018/04/sennin-hoon-daishi.html

Sennin Hoon Daishi

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報恩大師　開基備前　48寺 Bizen Pilgrimage in honor of Ho-On Daishi
備前国四拾八ケ寺領并分国中大社領目録（金山寺文書・文禄４年ｰ1595）
- List and photos of all the temples
- reference source : s_minaga/bizen48... -

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報恩山子嶋寺 Hoonzan Kojimadera
Nara Prefecture, Takaichi District, Takatori, Kangakuji, 544

source : wikipedia

- quote -
Kojimadera Temple
One of the sacred sites of the Kannon Bodhisattva in western Japan, said to have been founded in 760, this temple followed Tsubosakadera and Hasedera in prosperity during the Heian period. Its gate, a secondary gate of Takatori castle relocated here, is the only portion of the castle buildings to survive.
When the head priest said prayers to cure the illness of Emperor Ichijo and he healed completely, he was granted as reward the Mandala of the Womb Realm scroll, which is a designated National Treasure.
The scroll is in the custody of the Nara National Museum, and a replica hangs in the temple's image hall, where it can be publicly seen.
- source : city.kashihara.nara.jp... -

- quote -
Kojima mandara　子島曼荼羅 / Also read Koshima mandara.
A pair of Mandala of the Two Realms *Ryoukai mandara 両界曼荼羅 in gold and silver paint on dark-blue twill originally kept at Kojimadera 子島寺 in Nara. but now preserved at the Nara National Museum. Also known as Tobi mandara 飛曼荼羅 or Hikou mandara 飛行曼荼羅 (flying mandara). The Matrix mandala *Taizoukai mandara 胎蔵界曼荼羅 is 349.1cm X 307.9cm in size and the Diamond World mandala *Kongoukai mandara 金剛界曼荼羅 is 351.3cm X 297.0cm.
According to the temple tradition, Shinkou 真興 Shinko (934-1004), who restored Kojimadera during the late Heian period, was given these two mandala by the emperor Ichijou 一条 during the Chouhou 長保 era (999-1004), and they remained treasured possessions of the temple until recent times. Iconographically they differ markedly from orthodox versions of the Ryoukai mandara as transmitted by *Kuukai 空海 (774-835): for example, the 16 deities of the Auspicious Aeon gengou juurokuson 賢劫十六尊 are missing from the Vanquisher of the Three Worlds, Gouzanze-e 降三世会 in the Kongoukai mandara, while in the Taizoukai mandara the positions of Tenkuraion 天鼓雷音 and Kaifukeou 開敷華王 in the Chuudai hachiyouin 中台八葉院 have been intercanged and the number of deities in the Soshitsuji-in 蘇悉地院 has been increased to 16.
It is generally considered that they date from around the Chouhou era when they are said to have been given to Shinkou but there are some scholars who place the date of their execution in the early Heian period. They are at any rate an unusually early example of the Ryoukai mandara, and because they are also in an extremely good state of preservation, they have been designated national treasures.
- source : JAANUS -

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Senjusan Kobooji 千手山弘法寺 Senjusan Kobo-Ji - Okayama

- HP of the temple
- reference source : nerikuyo.com -

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. Japanese Legends - 伝説　民話　昔話 – ABC-List .

................................................................................. Okayama 岡山県　

金山寺 Temple Kinzan-Ji
Once upon a time, at the temple Kinzan-Ji there lived a huge toad and a huge serpent.
They used to fight all the time, but thanks to the spiritual power of High Priest Ho-On they stopped.
Now this fight has become a round of "tug of war" with a huge rope at the temple festival.

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- reference : Nichibun Yokai Database -

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. sennin 天狗と仙人伝説 Legends about Tengu and Immortals .

. sennin　仙人と伝説 Legends about Immortals .

. Japan - Shrines and Temples - Index .

[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　. TOP . ]
[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]
- - #hoondaishi #senninhoon -
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20 Jun 2018

SENNIN - Yosho Immortal

https://heianperiodjapan.blogspot.com/2018/04/sennin-yosho.html

Sennin Yosho

[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
. sennin　仙人と伝説 Legends about Immortals .
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Yooshoo Sennin 陽勝仙人 Yosho Sennin

He is Nr. 18 of
. 日本の仙人37人 - The 37 Immortals of Japan .

He was born in 869 in 能登ノ国 Noto no Kuni (now 石川県北部（能登半島） Ishikawa, Noto peninsula) in the early Heian period. He was very merciful, he gave his robes to people who had none, he gave his food to people who had nothing to eat. He let the mosquitoes drink his blood.

His mother once had a dream about a strong light and then became pregnant with Yosho. The child was very clever and never forgot anything he had heard or learned. At age 11 he was sent to 比叡山 Mount Hieizan in Shiga and became a disciple of priest 空日律師 Kunichi Risshi. He almost never slept during this time.
Later he went on to Yoshino and practised austerities at 金峰山 Kinpusan (Nara prefecture).
In winter he stayed at temple 六田の牟田寺 Muden-Ji. But there was not much food and he spent days just eating one grain of millet.
At around 80 years of age he became a Sennin.
He slept without a blanket even in winter, he jumped on the smoke of incense and made it to heaven as he pleased.
He went on to other sacred mountains.
To 大峰山山上ヶ岳 Sanjogatake (1719 m) in Yoshino.
To the temple 竜門寺 Ryumon-Ji in the 洞川集落 Dorogawa hamlet.
His movements were fast and he could fly in the clouds.

Through his supernatural power he knew about the coming death of his father, He jumped on the roof of his parents home and begun to recite the 法華経 Hokekyo Lotus Sutra.
When the family went outside to have a look, there was no one to be seen.

He always came down from the sky to take part of the 不断念仏 fasting rituals at Mount Hiezan.

.......................................................................

Yosho, the Super Hermit
能登出身の仙人
- with literature references
- reference source : geocities.co.jp/une_genzaburo/Youshou... -

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陽勝仙人弟子仙　/ 陽勝弟子童 Hijiri, disciple of Yosho
陽勝仙人の弟子の仙（ひじり）

He is Nr. 19 of
. 日本の仙人37人 - The 37 Immortals of Japan .

- quote -
Hijiri, 仙 / 聖 (Japanese: "holy man"),
in Japanese religion, a man of great personal magnetism and spiritual power, as distinct from a leader of an institutionalized religion. Historically, hijiri has been used to refer to sages of various traditions, such as the shaman, Shintō mountain ascetic, Taoist magician, or Buddhist reciter.
Most characteristically hijiri describes the wandering priest who operates outside the orthodox Buddhist tradition to meet the religious needs of the common people.
- source : britannica.com... -

Koya hijiri 高野聖 "mendicant priests from Mr. Koya"

Sengai Gibon 仙厓義梵 // 聖福寺 Shofuku-Ji

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陽勝寺 Yosho-Ji
浄土真宗本願寺派
岐阜県揖斐郡大野町大瀬古小辻142 / Gifu Prefecture, Ibi District, Ono,

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. Mount Hieizan, Hiei-zan 比叡山 .
Shiga prefecture

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日本奇僧伝
宮元啓一

Introducing special priests of Japan

異能の人（役小角)
行基
陽勝 - Yosho
仙人群像 Group of Sennin
反骨の人（玄賓)
性空
叡実
増賀
西行）
隠逸の人（空也)
教信
理満
千観
平等
東聖
徳一と行空
- reference : chikumashobo.co.jp -

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. sennin 天狗と仙人伝説 Legends about Tengu and Immortals .

. sennin　仙人と伝説 Legends about Immortals .

. Japan - Shrines and Temples - Index .

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[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]
- - #senninyosho #yoshosennin -

13 Jun 2018

SENNIN - Kyotai Osho Miidera

https://heianperiodjapan.blogspot.com/2018/04/sennin-kyotai-osho.html

Sennin Kyotai Osho

After Chisho's arrival, Kyotai went into a cave and did not come out again.
Later Chisho Daishi put up a stone memorial on the cave.

Since olden times, people who come here to become a monk have their hair cut and offer it on the altar of this hall.
- reference -

. Miidera, Mii-dera 三井寺 Temple Mii .

. Chisho Daishi 智証大師 / 智證大師 / Enchin 圓珍 / 円珍 .
(814 - 891) nephew of Kobo Daishi

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. oshoo 和尚　priest - Introduction .

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. sennin 天狗と仙人伝説 Legends about Tengu and Immortals .

. sennin　仙人と伝説 Legends about Immortals .

. Japan - Shrines and Temples - Index .

[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　. TOP . ]
[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]
- - #kyotai "kyotaiosho #miidera -
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7 Jun 2018

SENNIN - Gyoei Koji

https://heianperiodjapan.blogspot.com/2018/04/sennin-gyoei-koji.html

Sennin Gyoei Koji

清水寺　観音像　Kiyomizu Kannon

- quote -
It was said that Kiyomisu Dera was found by a Nara monk named Enchin who practiced asceticism in 778.
He met a Buddhist old recluse called Gyoei Koji while wandering nearby Otowa-ni-taki waterfall, to look for a site with a golden stream to build a temple, after being inspired in a dream.
Gyoei told him that he was a devotee to Kannon Bodhisattva and had been waiting for him to come as he was to leave. He presented the monk a piece of wood and left.
Monk Enchin soon found a pair of sandals on top of the hill and realized that the old hermit was a Bodhisattva.
The monk Enchin later created an image of eleven headed thousand armed image of Kannon and carved it on the sacred log given to him by Gyoei, and built a little hut to house it.
One day, General Sakanone Tamuramaro (758-811) happened to pass by the waterfall when hunting a deer. He met Enchin. Seeing him killing a deer and carrying it in hand, the monk delivered him a Dharma talk and lectured him with merciful teaching of Kannon Bodhisattva. General Tamuramaro repented and became a pious disciple to Enchin, devoted and in faith to Kannon. He donated a proper hall to enshrine the image of Kannon by dismantling his own house and in year 794, he contributed to the master
The Emperor's old residence that was gifted to him after the emperor built a new palace when moved to Kyoto. The building was made into the main shrine hall of the temple.
- source : ANICCA -

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. Kiyomizu-dera 清水寺 Kyoto .

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. Japanese Legends - 伝説　民話　昔話 – ABC-List .

. Sakanoue no Tamuramaro 坂上田村麻呂 .
(758 - 811)
conquering the Emishi (蝦夷征伐 Emishi Seibatsu) in Tohoku.

................................................................................. Fukushima 福島県　
田村郡 Tamura district 三春町 Miharu

kinma 木馬（きんま) "wooden horse"
Tamuramaro fought against the local tribesman, 大多鬼丸」（大滝丸） Otaki Maru, who lived in a cave at 大滝根山 Mount Otakine san (1,192 m).
延鎮上人 Saint Enchin had carved the statue of Kannon at temple Kiyomizudera and from the left-over pieces of wood had carved 鞍馬 100 wooden horses with saddles and sent them to Tamuramaro. Tamuramaro put the horses in his armor and left for Tohoku. When he was in a pinch fighting, all of a sudden 100 horsemen came out and helped him fight at Mount Otakine.
When he returned in triumph, the horses had disappeared from his armor.
One day later, one of the wooden horses was found all sweating at 高柴村 Takanomura village near 三春 Miharu. A man named 杵阿弥 Kiami realized it was one of the wooden horses given by Enchin and out of piety he carved the other 99 anew.
Three years later, the one horse became missing. The family of Kiami still preserves the memory of the wooden horses.
When they gave a horse to a family with an ill child, the child got well very soon. Now the horses are a kind of amulet for bringing up healthy children in Miharu.

People kept them as talismans for an easy birth of their horses.
They also build statues of a Kannon with a horsehead (Bato Kannon) at the entrance of their villages to protect their animals.

. Miharu koma 三春駒 horses from Miharu .

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- reference : Nichibun Yokai Database -

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. sennin 天狗と仙人伝説 Legends about Tengu and Immortals .

. sennin　仙人と伝説 Legends about Immortals .

. Japan - Shrines and Temples - Index .

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- - #senningyoei #gyoeikoji #enchin #kiyomizu -
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2 Jun 2018

PERSONS - Udagawa Yoan

http://darumapedia-persons.blogspot.com/2018/04/udagawa-yoan.html

Udagawa Yoan

[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
. - - - PERSONS - ABC - LIST of this BLOG - - - .
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Udagawa Yooan, Udagawa Yōan 宇田川榕菴 Udagawa Yoan
(1798 - 1846)

- quote
a 19th-century Japanese scholar of Western studies, or "Rangaku". In 1837, he published the first volume of his Introduction to Chemistry (舎密開宗 Seimi Kaisō), a compilation of scientific books in Dutch, which describes a wide range of scientific knowledge from the West. Most of the Dutch original material appears to be derived from William Henry's 1799 Elements of Experimental Chemistry. In particular, the book contains a very detailed description of the electric battery invented by Volta forty years earlier in 1800. The battery itself was constructed by Udagawa in 1831 and used in experiments, including medical ones, based on a belief that electricity could help cure illnesses.

Udagawa's Science of Chemistry also reports for the first time in details the findings and theories of Lavoisier in Japan. Accordingly, Udagawa made numerous scientific experiments and created new scientific terms, which are still in current use in modern scientific Japanese: e.g., "oxygen" (酸素 sanso), "hydrogen" (水素 suiso), "nitrogen" (窒素 chisso), "carbon" (炭素 tanso), "oxidation" (酸化 sanka), "reduction" (還元 kangen), "saturation" (飽和 hōwa), "dissolution" (溶解 yōkai) and "element" (元素 genso).
©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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Tsuyama Archives of Western Learning　津山洋学資料館

- reference source : tsuyama-yougaku.jp -

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Udagawa Yoan and Coffee

The origin of the Chinese characters for coffee 珈琲

- reference source : nsh-s.com/wp... -

蘭学者で津山藩医の宇田川榕菴
In Okayama there was a school for rangaku 蘭学 Dutch learning of the West.
One of the masters there was 宇田川榕菴 Udagawa Yoan.
He knew the Dutch word ｋｏｆｆｉｅ and introduced the Kanji for it.
There are now sometimes memorial services in a temple, where coffee is offered to the ancestors and the visitors
- but in tea cups of the time.

. Coffee, Kaffee and Haiku .

津山藩主松平家菩提所天崇山泰安寺 Taian-Ji

Offering Coffee at the temple
. 泰安寺 Taian-Ji .

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Mead, Mede in the Edo Period in Japan ミード / 蜂蜜酒　
During a recent research an essay was found in the Archives of Western Learning in the city of Tsuyama in Western Japan. One of the doctors working for the local feudal lord, Yudagawa Yoan (1798-1846), had studied European medicine and even introduced coffee to Japan.
He has written the following report about Mead, which he called MEDE:
Mead is an alcoholic beverage created by fermenting honey with water.
- Read the details here :
. Gabi Greve .

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He also distinguished four different types of onsen 温泉 hot springs
salt, sulfur, alkali and plain hot

榕菴の温泉試説
Yoan wrote about 諸国温泉試説 different types of hot springs when he was 29 years old.
榕菴はまず色や臭いを観察し、自ら飲んで味も確かめます。それからホクトメートル（浮き秤）を使って比重を測定し、薬品や熱を加えてその反応をこと細かに記録しました。
- reference source : tsuyama-yougaku.jp... -

- source : iloveyu.jp/type-of-hot-springs... -

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- Reference - 宇田川榕菴 -
- Reference - Udagawa Yoan -

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Join the friends on facebook !

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30 May 2018

HEIAN - Sennin Kisen Hoshi

https://heianperiodjapan.blogspot.com/2018/03/sennin-kisen-hoshi.html

Sennin Kisen Hoshi

- quote -
Kisen (喜撰) also known as Kisen Hōshi (喜撰法師)
was an early Heian period Buddhist monk (僧 sō) and poet.
Little is known about his life other than that he lived in Ujiyama.

When Ki no Tsurayuki wrote the Japanese preface (仮名序 kanajo) of the Kokinshū, he selected Kisen as one of the six poetic sages (六歌仙 rokkasen) whose work was to be considered as superior. Tsurayuki says the following to comment on Kisen's work.

ことばかすかにして始め終りたしかならず
kotoba kasuka ni shite hajime wohari tashikanarazu.
The use of words is a delicate thing—from start to end it does not express the thing that actually is.

いはば、秋の月を見るに、暁の雲にあへるがごとし
ihaba, aki no tsuki wo miruni, akatsuki no kumo ni aheru ga gotoshi.
That is to say, to speak of the autumn moon, one compares it to the clouds at dawn.

Kisen
is sometimes said to be the author of the poetry collection waka sakushiki (倭歌作式) (also known as the kisen-shiki (喜撰式)), but it is probably apocryphal and created well after the end of the Heian period.

The following two eika (詠歌) of Kisen are the only poems that can be confidently traced back to him.

わが庵は都の辰巳しかぞすむ世を宇治山と人はいふなり
waga iho ha miyako no tatsumi shika zo sumu yo wo ujiyama to hito ha ifu nari
Loosely:
People say that I am a secluded hermit living in Ujiyama, but my hermitage is just to the southeast of the capital!
(Kokinshū 18:983; also in the Ogura Hyakunin Isshu)

木の間より見ゆるは谷の蛍かもいさりに海人の海へ行くかも
ki no ma yori miyuru ha tani no hotaru kamo isari ni ama no umi he yuku kamo
Loosely:
What I see through the trees seems to be the fireflies (蛍 hotaru) from the valley—or is that the luring fires (漁火 isaribi) of the fishermen as they head to the sea?
(Gyokuyōshū 400)
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

source : gregorius.jp/presentation...

Kisenyama 喜撰山 Mount Kisen - 91 m high
in Kyoto, UJi 京都府宇治市池尾南組
and
喜撰山ダム Kisenyama dam
a rockfill hydroelectric dam finished in 1970.

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- Rokkasen 六歌仙 6 Immortal Waka poets

source : yahoo.co.jp/image...

- quote -
The Rokkasen (六歌仙, "six poetry immortals") are six Japanese poets of the mid-ninth century who were named by Ki no Tsurayuki in the kana and mana prefaces to the poetry anthology Kokin wakashū (c. 905–14) as notable poets of the generation before its compilers.
... There are numerous phrases that show the conceptualization of these six as a cohesive group, but the term "Rokkasen" first appeared in an early Kamakura-period commentary on Kokin wakashū,
titled Sanryūshō 三流抄.

僧正遍昭 Sōjō Henjō, 17 poems
在原業平 Ariwara no Narihira, 30 poems
文屋康秀 Funya no Yasuhide, 1 poem
喜撰法師 Kisen Hōshi, 1 poem
小野小町 Ono no Komachi, 18 poems
大友黒主 Ōtomo no Kuronushi, 3 poems

The concept of the rokkasen had a lasting legacy on poetic scholarship both in the pre-modern and modern periods....
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喜撰法師蛍の歌も詠まれけり
Kisen Hoshi hotaru no uta mo yomarekeri

Kisen Hoshi
has also written a poem
about fireflies . . .
Tr. Gabi Greve

山口素堂 Yamaguchi Sodo

. kigo - hotaru 蛍 firefly .

鮎汲や喜撰が嶽に雲かゝる
高井几董

喜撰山入道雲の頭出て Kisenyama
辻田克巳

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. sennin 天狗と仙人伝説 Legends about Tengu and Immortals .

. sennin　仙人と伝説 Legends about Immortals .

. Japan - Shrines and Temples - Index .

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