EDO - Aoto and Kasai district

https://edoflourishing.blogspot.com/2018/07/aoto-district-katsushika.html

Aoto district Katsushika

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. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo　江戸の名所 .
- for 葛西 Kasai, see below
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Aoto 青砥 /　青戸 Aoto district, Katsushika
葛飾区青戸 / 青戸一丁目から青戸八丁目 from the first to the 8th sub-district

alternative writing for おおと Aoto in old manuscripts : 「青津」「大戸」「大津」
Aoto mura 青戸村 Aoto village in the Edo period.
The villagers grew rice and also vegetables and flowers and sold them in Edo.



ao 青 blue, green
to 戸 door, in this case a river crossing or sluice gate
to 砥 polishing

This area has been a flourishing harbour along the river 利根川 Tonegawa since olden times, already mentioned in 1288.
In 1288, 青戸二郎重茂 Aoto Jiro Shigemochi was the 代官 Daikan governor of Katsushika

At 青戸七丁目 Aoto seventh sub-district along the road 環七通り沿い Kanshichidōri-zoi there are the remains of 葛西城址 Kasai castle. Now all is left of this is 葛西城址公園 Kasai Joshi Koen Park.
7 Chome-28 Aoto, Katsushika

During the Kamakura period, the area was governed by 青砥藤綱 Aoto Fujitsuna.

In the Edo period, Aocho was always under the supervision of the Edo Bakufu government.
In the Edo period, the area was used as a hunting ground by the Shoguns Ieyasu, Hidetada and Iemitsu and the castle of Kasai 葛西城 became their resting place,
Aoto goten 青戸御殿 Aoto palace.




In 1889, 青戸村 Aoto village was merged with 亀有村 Kameari village、砂原村（西亀有付近）、上千葉村 as the village 東京府南葛飾郡亀青村 Kameao mura.
In 1918, 青砥駅 Aoto station was built.
In 1932, when the ward of Katsushika was created, 青戸町1 - 4丁 Aoto cho was allocated from the first to the fourth sub-district.
After WWII, the population increased sharply and Aoto got 8 sub-districts 青戸町一丁目・二丁目、本田淡之須町、亀有町二丁目、本田立石町、本田中原町のそれぞれ一部が再編され現在の青戸一-八丁目

Since 1973, the construction of the 環七通り city highway begun and was finally finished in 1985.


Aoto eki 青砥駅 Aoto station
is a railway station in Katsushika, operated by the private railway operator Keisei Electric Railway. The station is served by the Keisei Main Line and the Keisei Oshiage Line.

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Aoto Jinja 青砥神社 Aoto Shrine
7-34-30, Aoto, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo


- source and more photos : ambassador.localinfo.j -

In the 万葉集 Manyo-Shu poetry collection about the good quality of the early rice harvest
にほどりの葛飾早稲を贄すとも　そのかなしきを外に立てめやも

The area also had suitable clay and was known since 古墳時代 the Kofun period for its pottery items.

The main deity in residence (apart from 8 others) is
猿田彦命 Sarutahiko no Mikoto

It relates to the story of Aoto Fujitsuna, see below, who said about his lost coins:
『落とした十文は永久に 失せることなく、　松明を買った五十文は　
諸家が利益を得ることになり、これは天下の 恵みではないか』

- HP of the shrine
- reference source : aoto-jinja.com... -

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Aoto Fujitsuna 青砥藤綱
councilor of the Kamakura Shogunate (1192-1333)


source : wikipedia

Aoto Fujitsuna's coins
The Taiheiki mentions the Namerigawa in a story well known to all in Kamakura. The stele on the spot near Tōshō-ji where events are supposed to have taken place describes the story as follows:
According to the Taiheiki,
Aoto Fujitsuna was judge in Kamakura at the time of Regents Hōjō Tokimune and Hōjō Sadatoki. One evening, having lost 10 mon (文) in the Namerigawa, he bought a torch for fifty mon, entered in the water and started looking for the lost coins, finally finding them. Heard the story, people made fun of him saying that he ended up spending far more than he had lost. Fujitsuna replied that ten mon were not many, but losing them forever would have been a great loss. He had personally lost fifty mon, but he had done that for the benefit of all.
- source : wikipedia -




- quote -
Aoto Fujitsuna
from the series Instructive Models of Lofty Ambition - by Inoue Yasuji, 1885
Aoto Fujitsuna 青砥藤綱, a councilor of the Kamakura Shogunate (1192-1333), directing the search for a few coins he has lost in the Namerigawa River.
... Aoto Fujitsuna was a minister under the Hōjō regents Tokiyori and Tokimune in the 13th century, famous for his thrift and uprightness. One night he accidentally lost a small amount of money, 10 mon, in the Namerigawa River [滑川]. He ordered his servants to look for the money in the river, handing 50 mon to a servant to buy flaming torches. While the money was found, many people could not understand why Fujitsuna would spend 50 mon to find only 10 mon and they called him a fool.
Fujitsuna replied:
"It only shows that you are interested in neither public interests nor charity. If I had not looked for the 10 mon in the river, it would have been lost forever. The 50 mon that I payed for the torches profited the merchant.
There was no loss at all. It was a benefit to the public, wasn't it?"
His critics became speechless with admiration and he was thought very wise.
This story is first told in the Taiheiki (太平記), a Japanese historical epic written in the late 14th century. There are numerous versions of this story, involving various amounts of money and slightly different circumstances.
- reference source : myjapanesehanga.com - The Lavenberg Collection



- CLICK for more photos !


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Kasai 葛西 The Kasai district
. 江戸川区 Edogawa ward .



with the following sub-districts in the North, Central, West, East and South:
Kitakasai / Nakakasai / Nishikasai / Higashikasai / Minamikasai




Kasai Rinkai Koen 葛西臨海公園 Kasai Seaside Park
- quote -
Opened in 1989, Kasai Rinkai Park (葛西臨海公園, Kasai Rinkai Kōen) is the largest park in central Tokyo, located just across the Edogawa River from Tokyo Disney Resort. It was built on reclaimed land and developed in an effort to restore and preserve natural Tokyo Bay habitat.
The park
offers a nice break from the surrounding cityscapes and has a number of walking trails that crisscross the gardens, lawns and beaches. In addition, the park features an aquarium, a ferris wheel, a seabird sanctuary and an observation building.
... Near the center of the park is the Tokyo Sealife Aquarium
... the Diamond and Flowers Ferris Wheel
... the Sea Bird Sanctuary
- source : japan-guide.com... -

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葛西城 Kasai jo, Kasai castle



The 葛西氏 Kasai clan dates back to the 桓武平氏 Kanmu Heike.
They left Kyoto and build a castle here in what is now Katsushika, Aoto and the park is all that remains of it.




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. 葛西三郎 / 葛西清重 Kasai Saburo Kiyoshige (1161 - 1238). .
and the Horikiri district 掘切 "digging a moat"

. 堀江町 Horie Cho district .
Located in the South of 江戸川区南部 Edogwa district, 葛西地域 Kasai area.
The name has been used until 1932 and later (1979) became part of the Kasai area.


. Nagashima no Fujizuka 長島の富士塚 .
at Shrine 香取神社 Katori Jinja at 東葛西 Higashi Kasai


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. Katsushika ku 葛飾区 Katsushika ward .


. Edo bakufu 江戸幕府 The Edo Government .

. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo　江戸の名所 .

. Doing Business in Edo - 商売　- Introduction .

. shokunin 職人 craftsman, craftsmen, artisan, Handwerker .

. senryu, senryū 川柳　Senryu poems in Edo .

. Japanese Architecture - The Japanese Home .

. Interior Design - The Japanese Home .

. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .


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EDO - Rivers of Edo kawa

https://edoflourishing.blogspot.com/2018/08/kawa-rivers-of-edo.html

kawa rivers of Edo

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kawa　 江戸の川 -- 江戸の河 the rivers of Edo



That map describes four river basins:
Tonegawa 利根川 (Tone River)
Arakawa 荒川
Tamagawa 多摩川 / 玉川 (Tama River)
Sagamigawa 相模川 (Sagami River)

. Waterways in Edo .

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Arakawa 荒川
- flows through Saitama Prefecture and Tokyo.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

. Edogawa 江戸川 .

. Kandagawa 神田川 .

Megurogawa 目黒川

Nihonbashigawa 日本橋川

. Sumidagawa 隅田川 .

Tamagawa 多摩川
. Tamagawa Joosui 多摩川上水 Tamagawa Josui Kanal .

. Tonegawa 利根川 / Bandō Tarō 坂東太郎 Bando Taro .

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江戸の川・復活 ― 日本橋川・神田川・隅田川 - 絵図から学ぶ
渡部一二 Watabe Kazuji (1938 - )

本書の主題「江戸の川を復活する」舞台となるのは日本橋川です。日本橋川は、東京都千代田区三崎町で神田川と分岐し、中央区日本橋箱崎町で隅田川に合流する延長約4キロメートルの河川であり、川の上空には現在首都高速道路が通っています。2006年9月には「日本橋川に空を取り戻す会」により、小泉首相(当時)へ首都高速道路を地下化し河川の環境整備を行うという提言がなされるなど、日本橋川への注目が集まっています。
著者である渡部一二先生はランドスケープデザインの専門家で、これまで日本全国のいたるところで数々の河川再生に取り組んできました。景観の改善を第一とする首都高速道路の地下化には、膨大な費用がかかり、その他にも難題が山積しています。著者は江戸の川の水辺空間を描いた浮世絵図などを手掛かりに、現状のままでも江戸の面影を体感し、楽しめる水辺空間づくりの可能性に注目しました。日本橋川・神田川・隅田川はループ状につながっており、そこを回遊する舟のルートを構築し、川沿いには散歩道(リバーウォーク)をつくり、その一部に江戸時代に賑わった河岸を再現するというものです。そして、江戸の文化・風物詩・情緒などを参加者がそれぞれに楽しむ体感型野外博物館(エコ・ミュージアムの応用)について具体的に提案しています。
一般の読者を対象とするため、第一部では、浮世絵図などを数多く掲載し、江戸の水辺空間の魅力を解説します。また、日本橋川に架かるすべての橋についても写真とともに紹介しています。第二部では、体感型野外博物館の実現にむけた具体的な構想について述べています。また、巻末には絵図が描かれた江戸時代をイメージできるように「日本橋川・江戸の面影まっぷ」を付録としてつけました。案内まっぷを切りとって、日本橋川の水辺空間を歩いてみてはいかがでしょうか。

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江戸の川あるき - Walking along the rivers of Edo
栗田彰　Kurita Akira

江戸は埋立ての人工のまち。暮らしの移り変りとともに、川はつくられ、渡しが橋になり道路となって、やがて消えていった。下水道の専門家が江戸のまぼろしの川を探し求めて東京をあるく。江戸情緒たっぷりのイラストマップ付き。

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江戸の川・東京の川
鈴木理生　Suzuki Masao (1926 - 2015)



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江戸の川風 Edo no Kawakaze
羽山信樹 Hayama Nobuki (1944 - 1997)

天皇の料理人と将軍の料理人！ Cooks for the Tenno
壮大なスケールと江戸前の枠、待望久しい未完の秀作。
縄田一男スペシャル解説付。
日本料理の源流である四条流からは、高橋家、石井家の2派があり、四条流包丁の総元締は、高橋家がつとめ、形式上、石井家は高橋家に入門し包丁式の免許を得るかたちとなっている。そして高橋家は天皇の料理番を、石井家は将軍家の料理頭取をつとめていた。
一見、羽山信樹作品初の市井ものと見紛う本書の真のテーマは、食文化を介した皇室と幕閣の抗争である。（略）
1人の男、早咲屋圭次郎を江戸へ送った。鮨屋の圭次郎に託された密命は――？（解説より



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. Edo bakufu 江戸幕府 The Edo Government .

. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo　江戸の名所 .

. Doing Business in Edo - 商売　- Introduction .

. shokunin 職人 craftsman, craftsmen, artisan, Handwerker .

. senryu, senryū 川柳　Senryu poems in Edo .

. Japanese Architecture - The Japanese Home .

. Interior Design - The Japanese Home .

. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .


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EDO - Okubo district Shinjuku

https://edoflourishing.blogspot.com/2018/07/okubo-district-shinjuku.html

Okubo district Shinjuku

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. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo　江戸の名所 .
. Persons and People of Edo - Personen .
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Ookubo, Ōkubo 大久保 Okubo district, Shinjuku
東京都新宿区大久保一丁目から大久保三丁目 Shinjuku ward, from the first to the third sub-district,
百人町 Hyakunincho district

ookubo 大窪 "great sunken place", "great hollow"




. Hyakuninchoo　百人町 Hyakunincho district .
Hyakunin (hundred-man) brigade of shooters
During the Edo period, the villages of 柏木 Kashiwagi and 大久保 Okubo were agricultural districts on either side of Hyakunin-cho where samurai warrior residences were located.

Ookubomura 大久保村 Okubo village
In 1713, the village came under the jurisdiction of the Edo Bakufu government.
In the South was the Shimo-Yashiki estate of 一橋the Hitotsubashi family.

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- quote
Shin-Ōkubo 新大久保
is a neighborhood within Tokyo's Shinjuku ward known for its extensive Korean community. It is built around Shin-Ōkubo Station and is accessible on the Yamanote Line. Shin-Ōkubo is home to both Korean residents in Japan as well as Korean immigrants, and has seen an upsurge in popularity due to Hallyu pop-culture. In recent years Nepali people have settled in the area and have opened up Nepali restaurants.
Shin Sang-yoon, the director of the Korean Chamber of Commerce and Industry in Japan, stated that Koreans began coming to Shin-Ōkubo around 1983 because at that time it was one of the most inexpensive areas of Tokyo. By July 2013 several nationalistic anti-Korean demonstrations done by Japanese have occurred in Shin-Ōkubo.
- source : wikipedia


新大久保コリアンタウン Shin-Okubo Koreatown


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- quote -
新大久保 Shin-Ōkubo, literally New Okubo.
... this area wasn't Edo.
West of Edo Castle was all suburbs. The first shogun, Tokugawa Ieyasu, strategically relocated many of his 旗本 hatamoto direct retainers out here. He gave some of them extraordinarily large fiefs for their rank and charged them with the defense of the roads coming into his capital. Very much a Sengoku Period general, he rightly assumed that attacks from the sea in the east would be unlikely, but a land based attack from the west could prove a threat. One of the main entrances to the city was the Yotsuya Ōkido 四谷大木戸 Yotsuya Checkpoint on the Kōshū Kaidō 甲州街道 Kōshū Highway which was in this area. This area, by the way, was known not as Edo, but as 武蔵国豊多摩郡 Musashi no Kuni Toyotama-gun Toyotama District, Musashi Province in those days.This place name,
while seemingly auspicious on the surface, is generally believed to have quite humble roots. You see, a river called the 蟹川 Kanigawa used to flow through the area between Kabukichō 1-2 chōme 1st & 2nd blocks of Kabukichō and Shinjuku 6-7 chōme 6th & 7th blocks of Shinjuku. By their very nature, rivers tend to be in geographic depressions, which made this area good for farming, but prone to flooding. This part of Toyotama seems to have been no different. At the area dividing Nishi-Ōkubo West Ōkubo and Higashi-Ōkubo East Ōkubo, there was a particularly noticeable drop in elevation, an 大きな窪地 ōki na kubochi, if you will. If the story is to be believed, the locals called it an 大窪地 ōkubochi which was eventually reduced to ōkubo.
- source : japanthis -


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Ookubo eki 大久保駅 Okubo station / Shin-Okubo station
is a railway station on the Chūō-Sōbu Line in Shinjuku.
1-17-1 Hyakuninchō, Shinjuku, Tokyo



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. Shrine Kaichu Inari Jinja 皆中稲荷神社 .
Once upon a time there was a region called Okubo 大窪 in the Musashi plain.
Descendants from the Ise Shrine called Oshi 御師 settled there and soon built a shrine (around 1533).


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Nishimuki Tenjinsha 西向天神社
東京都新宿区新宿6-21-1
This shrine had been built by Saint Togano Myoe 栂尾明恵上人 in 1228. Since the main hall faces West, it is called
"West-facing Tenjin Shrine".
It was the protector shrine of 東大久保村鎮守 Higashi Okubo village.

. Myoe Shonin 明恵上人 (1173 - 1232) .

Once the third Shogun Tokugawa Iemitsu came here for hunting with hawks. He gave a golden natsume 棗 tea caddy to the head priest with the request to rebuilt the shrine.
The shrine is therefore also known as
Natsume Jinja 棗神社


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The name Ōkubo-ke 大久保家 Ōkubo Family, Okubo clan
is a distinctly samurai name of rather high pedigree. They were a branch of the Utsunomiya-shi 宇都宮氏 Utsunomiya Clan which could trace their lineage back to the 900's. The founders of this new branch were among the most loyal retainers of 松平弘忠 Matsudaira Hirotada. In case you don't recognize that name, he was the father of the first Edo shogun, 徳川家康 Tokugawa Ieyasu.
Later, the Ōkubo clan served Ieyasu well. In fact, the second family head, a certain 大久保忠世 Ōkubo Tadayo, served in nearly all Ieyasu's military campaigns and even commanded his corps of bodyguards. After Ieyasu had secured the title of shogun, he elevated Tadayo to daimyō status gave him Odawara-han 小田原藩 Odawara Domain. This meant the Odawara clan controlled the 箱根関所 Hakone Sekisho Hakone Check Point as well as 箱根山 Hakone Yama Mt. Hakone, a region famous in Japanese mythology and renowned for its natural hot springs, beautiful lakes and coastal areas.
Odawara, Mt. Hakone, and the Ōkubo clan have nothing to do with this suburb of Edo.
- japanthis


. Okubo Hikozaemon 大久保彦左衛門 - Ōkubo Tadataka 大久保忠教 .
(1560 – 1639)

. Okubo Nagayasu 大久保長安 .

Ōkubo Toshimichi 大久保利通 (1830 – 1878)

- - - More Okubo names in the WIKIPEDIA !

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. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

.................................................................................　Okubo 大久保


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- reference : nichibun yokai database -
tba

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. Shinjuku　新宿区　Shinjuku Ward .

. Edo bakufu 江戸幕府 The Edo Government .

. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo　江戸の名所 .

. Doing Business in Edo - 商売　- Introduction .

. shokunin 職人 craftsman, craftsmen, artisan, Handwerker .

. senryu, senryū 川柳　Senryu poems in Edo .

. Japanese Architecture - The Japanese Home .

. Interior Design - The Japanese Home .

. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .


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GOKURAKU - Raigo the soul goes to heaven

https://gokurakuparadies.blogspot.com/2018/08/raigozu-amida-coming-at-death.html

raigozu Amida coming at death

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. Japan - Shrines and Temples - Index .
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raigoo, raigō 来迎 Raigo, the soul on the way to paradise
"Decent of Amida Buddha", "Amida Coming over the Mountain"

- quote
Buddhist Art and Amida Raigo Triads
This topic may seem a bit difficult, but try to follow as best you can. It's about a certain type of Buddhist statue. Actually this type of statue does not appear alone, but as a set of three: in the center is a Buddha called Amida, and on either side sits an Bodhisattva-attendant, one named Seishi and one named Kannon.
This set is called an Amida Raigo Triad.

We will talk about what raigo means later, but before we begin, take a look at this Amida Raigo Triad from a temple called Joshoko-ji, in the mountains north of Kyoto.



- - - - - Paintings and Sculpture
- snip -

- - - - - Raigo and Sculpture
Buddhas are considered, like God, to be an Absolute existence and thus require no surrounding environment. Though Buddhas themselves need no enhancement, however, their followers, such as Buddhist angels or Bodhisattvas, sometimes are enriched with depictions of movement or surrounding atmosphere. Here too, however, we see the limitations of sculpture in depicting movement. On ancient Buddhist wall paintings, angels appear to be floating lightly through the heavens around the Buddha. But when these same kinds of angels were incorporated in sculpture and attached to the Buddha's halo, however, they lost their lightness and seemed to become more rigid. This is probably because of the innate differences between painting and sculpture.

The above may be one of the reasons that Japanese sculptors did not often try to incorporate surrounding environment into their sculptures. In the Heian Period, however, belief in the Pure Land spread, and people began to believe that after death they would be reborn in the Pure Land Paradise of Amida Buddha. As this belief spread, so too grew the desire to see expressions of the Pure Land in Buddhist sculpture. The result were images depicting Amida Buddha coming down from the far-off Pure Land Paradise to meet the souls of the dead and take them back with him to heaven. These images are called raigo, and usually had Amida in the center with an attendant on either side. This is the Amida Raigo Triad!

Scenes of this Amida Raigo Triad riding clouds, crossing mountains, and flying through the wind were easy to express through the medium of painting, but many difficulties arose when trying to express such scenes through sculpture, such as in the triad above. Why? Well, think about the nature of sculpture: it is impossible (or it was in those days) to create a sculpture that floats in mid-air. It is also difficult to express speed. To compensate, the sculptors of the Joshoko-ji triad tried to give the attendants a sense of tension and presence by depicting them leaning forward.

Towards the end of the Heian Period, perhaps reflecting changes in the society as a whole, artistic expression became more realistic, both in painting and sculpture. One area in which this can be seen is in the Raigo sculptures. The triad above from Joshoko-ji Temple is one of the earliest experiments in realism in a Raigo triad. Let's compare it with a painting of the same period.

- photo of Yushihachimanko Juhachika-in Temple
What are the differences in the way this Bodhisattva-attendant is portrayed in painting and in sculpture? In the painting, the central triad and their surrounding Bodhisattva ride upon clouds, and cross mountains rich with autumn color as they gradually make their descent. On the other hand, though the sculpture does not show the autumn mountains over which the triad is crossing, it does show all three figures on clouds, and the two attendants crouched on their knees are leaning forward, giving them the same sense of speed and presence within an environment that we see in the painting.
- source : Kyoto National Museum - Shiro Ito



. . . CLICK here for more Photos　 !

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source : sendai-c.ed.jp...

木造阿弥陀如来・二十五菩薩像及び地蔵菩薩立像 - Sendai
Amida, 25 Bosatsu and Jizo statue

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source : enpukuji.co/homotsu...
Temple 円福寺 Enpuku-Ji－Tokyo

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Temple 即成院 Sokujo-In - Kyoto

. . . CLICK here for more Photos of statues !


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raigoozuu 来迎図 Raigozu, illustrations of the way to paradise



- quote -
Amida (Amitabha) Coming over the Mountain
The popular, Kamakura Period painting theme of "Amida Coming over the Mountain," usually shows the central image of Amida facing forward with both hands held over his breast. This pattern can be seen in the Zenrinji and Konkaikomyoji "Amida Coming over the Mountain" scrolls. In this scroll, however, Amida comes not over a mountain but across a valley, accompanied by six Bodhisattva attendants. He faces not forwards but to the left, with his right hand raised and his left hand down. Though this posture is atypical of "Amida Coming over the Mountain" paintings, it is common in other raigozu ("Decent of Amida Buddha" paintings). Since it contains no other narrative elements, such as the pious Buddhist on his deathbed awaiting Amida's salvation in the Chionin raigozu scroll, it can be categorized as a variation on the "Amida Coming over the Mountain" theme.
The composition of this work is well-balanced and its portrayal of the figures is elaborate and reverential. It can be counted among the representative Buddhist paintings of the Kamakura Period.
- source : Kyoto National Museum -

- Seated Amida (Amitabha) with Raigo Mudra, hand position of welcoming spirits of the dead.
- source : Kyoto National Museum -

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阿弥陀二十五菩薩来迎図 Amida and 25 Bosatsu coming
Temple 知恩院 Chion-In


source : chion-in.or.jp...

- quote -
Raigo of Amida (Amitabha) and Twenty-five Attendants
This outstanding work depicts Amida (Amitabha) and twenty-five attendants as they descend on clouds over steep mountains down from Heaven. They are on their way to meet a dead person, depicted in the bottom-right, to accompany back to Heaven. This scene is known as "Rapid Descent," because of the especially swift appearance of the clouds. Flying clouds and the depiction of figures and garments in gold are characteristic of Buddhist paintings in the Late-Kamakura Period.
This scene depicts
jo-bon jo-sho (first class, upper birth), the highest state of death, evident from the dead person seated upright in front of a sutra scroll and the pagoda in the sky in the upper-right of the painting. The mountains in the background are high, but their smooth contour lines produce a gentle effect typical of the Yamato-e paintings. Though the scene depicted in this work is imaginary, its elements of landscape expression are impressive.
- source : Kyoto National Museum -


. Chion-In 知恩院 / 智恩院 .
Higashiyama-ku, Kyoto


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観経九品来迎と鳳凰堂来迎図　Byodo-In
平等院鳳凰堂



. 平等院 Byodo-In - The Phoenix Hall in Uji .


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. 高野山 Koyasan, Mount Koya, Wakayama .


高野山聖衆来迎図

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来迎図 by 濱田隆 Hamada Takashi
日本の美術 No273 - 1989年



. . . CLICK here for more Photos　 !


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- Further reference by Mark Schumacher, Buddhist Statuary
- 25 Bodhisattva (Nijūgo Bosatsu, Nijugo Bosatsu, 二十五菩薩) -
- Amida Buddha 阿弥陀如来 -
- Apsaras - 雲中供養菩薩 - serving Amida Buddha -

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- - - - - H A I K U - - - - -

. kiraigoo 鬼来迎 (きらいごう) "Welcoming the Demons" .
kigo for late summer
..... Oni Mai 鬼舞"Demon's Dance"
Bon-Kyogen dance performed on the 16th of July, at the temple 広済寺 Hozai-Ji in Chiba.


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. Japanese Legends - 伝説　民話　昔話 – ABC-List .

................................................................................. Aomori 青森県　
梵珠山 Mound Bonjusan (486 m)

go raigoo sama 御来迎様 / go toomyoo 御灯明 heavenly light
On the 26th day of the seventh lunar month, the moon in its last quarter looks almost like a boat and the local people see it like the 阿弥陀三尊 Triad of Amida, Seishi and Kannon.
To pray to the three, villagers climb to the temple on Mount Bonjusan and pray the whole night.


- Kannon temple at Mount Bonjusan

- - - - -
bakemono 化物 monster / raigoobashira 来迎柱
A young man once stayed over night at an old temple where monsters live. From below the Raigobashira pillar there came a monster, mumbling obosaru obosau オボサルオボサル, so he picked it up and carried it back home. Next morning he saw that it was a bag full of big and small gold coins.


- source : dannoh.or.jp/history... -
檀王法林寺 Dannō-hōrinji, Temple Danno-Horin-Ji, Kyoto 来迎柱

raigoubashira :
Two or four-circular pillars right and left at each corner of the Buddhist altar to define the most sacred place in a temple where Buddhist images are enshrined.
- JAANUS




................................................................................. Ibaraki 茨城県　
常総市 Joso city

. kitsune densetsu 狐　伝説 fox legends .
In the district of 飯沼郷 Iinuma at the temple 弘経寺 Gugyo-Ji there was a priest well versed in religious discussions, but in fact it was a fox. Another priest wanted to expose this and told the fox/priest he would give him anything he wanted.
The fox said he wanted to see Amida. The real priest told the fox that he could see Amida, but he should not pray to it, since he would then die.
But when the apparition of Amida Raigo came down from heaven, the fox was overwhelmed and begun to pray. And there - he fell down dead immediately.



................................................................................. Nagano 長野県　

Ajari-ike 阿闍梨池 pond of the Ajari
. Higo Ajari 肥後阿闍梨 / 備後阿闍 the Ajari of Higo, Acharya of Higo.
Kooen, Kōen 皇円 Saint Koen and his faith in 弥勒菩薩 Miroku Bosatsu.



................................................................................. Nara 奈良県　

. Temple Taimadera 当麻寺 / 當麻寺 and princess 中将姫 Chujo .
Princess Chujo was a nun at temple Taimadera. She prayed to Amida for her Raigo and six days later, she died and her Mandala was completed.



................................................................................. Tochigi 栃木県　

. tanuki 狸 - mujina 狢　－ racoon dog, badger legends .
An old Tanuki had lived at the temple 茂林寺 Morin-Ji, taking care of the tea kettles. Once he fell asleep and his tail begun to show, so the priest now knew he was not a human and threw him out of the temple. To show his gratitude for the many years of his stay, the Tanuki showed the others an apparition of
釈迦来迎 Shaka Raigo, Shakyamuni coming down and died.
The priest then made a grave for the Tanuki and put the lid of the tea kettle on top of it.


source : matsui-ikuo.jp/blog...
- 茶席　釈迦来迎図 -


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- reference : Nichibun Yokai Database -

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. Oojoyooshuu, Ōjōyōshū 往生要集 Ojoyoshu, Ojo Yoshu .
by Genshin　源信　 (942-1017), Eshin Soozu 恵心僧都 Eshin Sozu
dai oojoo 大往生 daiojo - sudden death
pokkuri 　ぽっくり　sudden death

. Japan - Shrines and Temples - Index .


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- - #raigozu #raigo #amidaraigo #amidatriad -
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EDO - Ikebukuro district

https://edoflourishing.blogspot.com/2018/07/ikebukuro-district-toshima.html

Ikebukuro district Toshima

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. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo　江戸の名所 . ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

Ikebukuro district 池袋 "pond bag"
Ikebukuro mura　池袋村 Ikebukuro village
Toshima 豊島区 池袋本町 Ikebukuro Honcho, 池袋 Ikebukuro, 西池袋 Nishi-Ikebukuro

. Toshima ward and 巣鴨 Sugamo .



In the Edo period, Ikebukuro mura was a farmer's area outside the main city. It was only incorporated in 1818.
There were many ponds and wide forests, with foxes voices to be heard. There even lived a white snake in the pond.
There was also a meandering river with many ponds like bags surrounding it.
The ponds have all been filled with the arriving of modern times.

- quote
Ikebukuro is a commercial and entertainment district in Toshima, Tokyo, Japan.
Toshima ward offices, Ikebukuro station, and several shops, restaurants, and enormous department stores are located within city limits.
At the center of Ikebukuro
is the train and subway station, a huge urban gathering shared by the JR East lines, the Seibu Ikebukuro Line and the Tōbu Tōjō Line. It is one of the main commuter hubs in the western Yamanote area of Tokyo.
Ikebukuro Station is the third-busiest station in Japan, and the world.


Around the station
are the Seibu and Tōbu department stores. Seibu, written with the characters for "West" and "Musashi (province)" 西武, is on the east end of the station and Tōbu, written with the characters for "East" and "Musashi" 東武, is on the west end. East of the station, on the site of Sugamo Prison, stands Sunshine 60, which was Tokyo's tallest building at the time of its construction. The Sunshine 60 contains a large and popular shopping mall, which contains various attractions including an aquarium, a Pokémon Center, and cat cafes. Adjacent to Sunshine City, on Meiji-Dori, is the Toyota Amlux Building which houses the Toyota showroom. Otome Road, a leading shopping area for otaku products aimed at women, is located nearby. Marui and Don Quijote also have department stores in the area. The principal electronics retailer in Ikebukuro is Bic Camera. There is a small pleasure district located in Nishi-Ikebukuro, similar to Shinjuku's Kabukichō.


- map of Ikebukuro station

The old village of Ikebukuro
stood to the northwest of the station. Most of the area on which modern Ikebukuro is built was historically known as Sugamo. In the Taishō and Shōwa periods, the relatively low land prices attracted artists and foreign workers, who lent a somewhat cosmopolitan atmosphere to Ikebukuro.

Until October 1, 1932 when Toshima ward was established, the area was an independent municipality of Ikebukuro-mura (池袋村).
The kanji for Ikebukuro literally means pond bag.
Outside the west exit of Ikebukuro station near an entrance to the Fukutoshin Line is a small plaque explaining how the area used to have multiple lakes, hence the name.


There is a small statue of an owl
located near the center of the city called Ikefukurō-zō (いけふくろう像), meaning pond owl statue.
It is a play on words from the alternative meaning of "fukuro" as "owl" (although owl is pronounced with a long final "oh", rather than a short "o" in the word "fukuro" for bag). The owl statue has become a famous meeting place along the lines of the statue of Hachikō located outside Shibuya Station.
- - - - - Ikebukuro Tokyo Chinatown
Ikebukuro is home to many ethnic Chinese who arrived in the 1980s, leading to a variety of Chinese goods and services being provided in the district, which are popular among tourists interested in Chinese culture. However, the Ikebukuro Chinatown is smaller and less populous than Yokohama's Chinatown just to the south of Tokyo.
- source : wikipedia



- - - - - modern Ikebukuro - - - - -

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- - - - - Ikebukuro Chinatown - - - - -



- quote -
A New Chinatown Emerges in Tokyo's Ikebukuro
Chinatowns have existed as ethnic enclaves in Japan since the nation opened its borders to the outside world in the mid-nineteenth century. More recently, as Japan and China build closer economic ties, a new Chinatown is taking shape in Tokyo's Ikebukuro.
..... Japan's three major Chinatowns are enclaves established by old overseas Chinese as they interacted with Japanese society over a long period of time. I wondered whether the growing number of new overseas Chinese were forming a new Chinatown in Japan.
- - - - - A Chinatown Takes Shape in Ikebukuro
The solution to this puzzle came in the words of a Chinese studying in Japan. Toward the end of the 1990s this Chinese student told me that Ikebukuro is a convenient place for Chinese, because there are plenty of part-time jobs and shops offering whatever a Chinese person might need.
Prompted by this statement, I began to explore the east and west sides of Ikebukuro Station, and eventually I discovered a concentration of Chinese restaurants, supermarkets, bookstores, Internet cafes, and travel agencies founded by new overseas Chinese on the north side of the station. This was visible confirmation that, as I had seen in other countries, a new Chinatown was being formed. In 2003 I named this area "Ikebukuro Chinatown." At first, searching the Internet for "Ikebukuro Chinatown" would only bring up my website, but a similar search now will yield more than 100,000 hits. Ikebukuro Chinatown has been featured in television programs and newspaper and magazine articles, and many people have become aware of its existence.
- - - - - Japanese Language Schools and Reasonable Rents
- - - - - Out and About in Ikebukuro Chinatown
The gateway to Ikebukuro Chinatown is the north exit of Ikebukuro Station, a popular meeting place for many Chinese. Not one minute on foot from the north exit is Yangguangcheng, a Chinese supermarket with characteristic red signage. On the fourth floor in the building across the street is Chinese Foods Youyi Shangdian, the successor to Zhiyin Chinese Foods, whose shelves are stocked with a full range of Chinese foods. O the second floor of the same building is Wenshengtang, a Chinese bookstore.
Unlike Japan's three major Chinatowns,
many of the Chinese businesses in Ikebukuro Chinatown are located on the upper floors or in the basements of multitenant buildings. The first floor is frequently occupied by a Japanese chain store or a Japanese business in existence for some time. Vacancies are few for those new overseas Chinese hoping to start a business on the first floor. Hence, the trick to walking about Chinatown is to keep your eyes directed upward.
As of June 2015, I have counted about 210 Chinese businesses to the north and west of Ikebukuro Station, of which some 60 are Chinese restaurants.
- source : Yamashita Kiyomi -


Chuka Ryori 中華料理 Chinese Food
Chinatown 中華街 in Yokohama, Kobe and Nagasaki


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Kami-Ikebukuro 上池袋



Ocha-agare Jizo お茶あがれ地蔵 Jizo drinking tea

In the Genroku priod, the ghost of a woman who was not allowed to marry the man of her choice and had died appeared around the statue of Jizo every night and sighed:

お茶上がれーお茶上がれー
"Have some tea, have some tea".


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. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

.................................................................................　Ikebukuro 池袋

ayashiki koto あやしきこと a strange thing
In 赤坂伝馬町 Akasaka, Denmacho, a strange something appeared every night, yes, every night.
Almost like Ikebukuro no Kai 池袋の怪 the Yokai from Ikebukuro.
One evening a villager left a brush and paper outside and next morning, it had written something on the paper.


岡本綺堂 池袋の怪 - 青空文庫 - Book by Okamoto Kido (1872 - 1939)
- Japanese Text -

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. kitsune densetsu 狐　伝説 fox legends .
The foxes from 野中 Nakano were eight siblings, and always played around human beings without any harm.
Most of them took the form of a beautiful man and got married. This is the same behaviour as 池袋村の狐 the foxes from Ikebukuro village.

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. ubugami 産神 "deity of birth" .
guardian deity of pregnant women, newborn babies and one's birthplace
A woman from Ikebukuro village did not like to worship the local deity of birth, but if they did not go to pray there, they would get a divine punishment.
So the women from Ikebukuro village built a prayer group and kept the sanctuary properly.

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- reference : nichibun yokai database -


Ikebukuro no Onna - The Woman from Ikebukuro
池袋の女（いけぶくろのおんな）は、江戸時代末期における日本の俗信の一つ。
- reference source : wikipedia -


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- - - - - H A I K U and S E N R Y U - - - - -

すこし酔ひ跣足で歩く池袋
sukoshi yoi hadashi de aruku Ikebukuro

a bit drunk
I walk barefeet
in Ikebukuro

岡田史乃 Okada Shino (1940 - )



池袋二丁目常の目刺出て
岡本眸 Okamoto Hitomi (1928 - )

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A Haiku poet named
- 池袋寛 Ikebukuro Kan -

昼の虫日向国府という田舎
hiru no mushi Hinata Kokufu to iuu inaka

insects at daytime -
a countryside named
Hinata Kokufu

. insects at daytime, hiru no mushi　昼の虫 .
kigo for autumn


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- - - To join me on facebook, click the image !

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. Edo bakufu 江戸幕府 The Edo Government .

. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo　江戸の名所 .

. Doing Business in Edo - 商売　- Introduction .

. shokunin 職人 craftsman, craftsmen, artisan, Handwerker .

. senryu, senryū 川柳　Senryu poems in Edo .

. Japanese Architecture - The Japanese Home .

. Interior Design - The Japanese Home .

. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .


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- - - - - #ikebukuro - - - -
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SHRINES - Samuhara Shrine Osaka

https://japanshrinestemples.blogspot.com/2018/07/samuhara-shrine-osaka.html

Samuhara Shrine Osaka

[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
. Shinto Shrines (jinja　神社) - Introduction .
. kami　神　Shinto deities .
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Samuhara jinja サムハラ神社 Samuhara Shrine, Osaka


大阪府大阪市西区立売堀2-5-26 / 2 Chome-5-26 Itachibori, Nishi-ku, Ōsaka-shi,

- quote
A Shinto-derived new religious movement which began in 1935 when Tanaka Tomisaburō (1868-1967) rebuilt a dilapidated shrine in Okayama.
After he had experienced a close brush with death on the frontline during the Russo-Japanese War, Tanaka felt he had received power from a talisman inscribed with four ideograms which he read sa-mu-ha-ra, and in turn he began to make miniature amulets (omamori) of this sort which he distributed for free.

Because of such proselytizing activities, however, the regional authorities accused him of using an unauthorized shrine to conduct private business, and as punishment, the shrine he had constructed was stripped of its contents and burned to the ground in 1936.
Tanaka, however, continued his activities of distributing amulets to troops being sent to the Asian front during World War II, and following the war in 1951, he registered his movement under the Religious Corporations Law (Shūkyō Hōjinhō) and rebuilt the shrine. In 1952 he moved the shrine to its present location.
After Tanaka's death his adopted son Tanaka Kōichi succeeded him.
-- Headquarters: Osaka Prefecture.
-- Nominal membership: approximately 500,000 (S)
- source : Yumiyama Tatsuya, Kokugakuin

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shuin　朱印 stamp



omamori お守り　amulets

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- Reference : サムハラ神社
- Reference : samuhara shrine


. Shrine, Shinto Shrine (jinja　神社) - Introduction .

. kami　神　Shinto deities - ABC-LIST - .


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The four letters SA MU HA RA help protect the body from harm and grand a long life.
Since they are shinji 神字 characters of God, they can not be expressed with normal 漢字 Kanji characters and can not be reproduced on a computer.
They have been used since olden times for amulets of temples,

サムハラ神社
無傷無病、延命長寿の神として知られる。𪮷〓𪮷𪮇（サムハラ）[3][4]とは不思議の4文字で、身を守ると言われている。これは漢字のような文字であるが、神字であり漢字とは異なる。Unicodeには、〓のみが収録されておらず、活字変換は不可。他の文字は全てCJK統合漢字拡張Cに収録されている。
東大寺（西東大寺）（千葉県西市）、雷山千如寺大悲王院（清賀上人により十転化の功徳があるという）など各地の寺社のお守りの呪文に使用されている。
サムハラの故事
曾子が病になって臨終の際に、弟子に体の全部を調べさせ、一つの傷痕もないのを見て安心し「父母に体を受けて生まれて幸いにも一つの傷痕もなくお返しする事ができるのは孝を尽くしたことだ」と言い、生命の守護神（𪮷〓𪮷𪮇大神）に深く感謝したという。

身體髮膚 受之父母 不敢毀傷 孝之始也[5]
身体髪膚これを父母に受く、あえて毀傷せざるは孝の始めなり
— 孝経
加藤清正は文禄・慶長の役の時、𪮷〓𪮷𪮇を武器の刃に彫りつけて信じていたために万死に一生を得たという。
『耳嚢[6]』巻2に、1782年（天明2年）、新見愛之助という小姓が登城の時に馬ごと坂の下に落ちたが怪我がなかった。他の者に理由を聞かれると領民から送られた守護札を見せ「領民が野においてキジを矢で射たが当たらず、逃げようともしない。弓がうまい者たちが競ったが駄目であった。このキジを捕まえたところ背中に𪮷〓𪮷𪮇の4文字が書いてあった。『この文字を書いた札を懐に入れておくと良いことがある』と流行った。」と語った[7]との記述がある。
平田篤胤の『仙境異聞』（上） 三之巻[8][9]に慶長年間に大樹公（征夷大将軍のこと）が狩で発見した鶴の羽にあった文字（𪮷〓𪮷𪮇の文字）が怪我よけとして広まり、寅吉が仙骨の人の符字のようなものに見たが、「ジヤク、コウ、ジヤウ、カウ」というように聞いたがよく知らないと言ったという。
岡田挺之の随筆『秉穂録』に「福岡で鶴を捕ったところ、鶴の翼に「さむはら」という四文字の符字があった。長命の符字であるだろうと人々はこれを写し取って帯びた。また斎藤実盛の位牌が淡路のある寺にあり、位牌の背にこの四文字がある。最近、江戸でこの符字を帯びた人が落馬したが怪我が無かったので、これを帯びることが流行した。」とある[10]。
國安仙人（万延元年（1860年）7月23日-大正元年（1912年）9月28日　幼名　米太郎　普明光美　加波山神社の摂末社普明神社に祀られる。）が信者に与えたタク字びよる霊符の最初の4文字がサムハラの文字（読みは「けん しょう けん ご」）であったという[11]。
- - - その他
𪮷〓𪮷𪮇はサンスクリット語の samvara （「三跋羅[12]（さんばら）sanbara」）という言葉に由来するという。
短刀に刻印し守り刀とされた[13]。
厭勝銭（えんしょうせん）の一種にサムハラ銭 samuhara sen がある[14][15]（厭勝銭は流通貨幣ではなく、縁起物もしくは護符として所持した銭。ここでは弾除けの祈念銭）。
- reference source : weblio.jp/wkpja/content... -



samuhara sen サムハラ銭 coin with SAMUHARA inscription



samuhara tsuba サムハラ鍔 sword guard
. The Sword Guard 鍔 Tsuba 　 .

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. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

「■□■△」
（■は手偏に「合」の下に「幸」。□は手偏に「台」。△は手偏に「己」の下に「口」）

.......................................................................　Fukuoka 福岡県 .....

Once a tsuru 鶴 crane was caught, with the four letters SAMUHARA on its wings.
People thought these letters would protect and bring a long life, so they copied them.

At 淡路 Awaji there was a temple with the ihai 位牌 Buddhist mortuary tablet of 斉藤実盛 Saito Sanemori.
On its back side were the letters SAMUHARA.

. Saito Sanemori 斉藤実盛 (794 - 1185). .


.......................................................................　Saitama 埼玉県 .....

In 1668 a 鉄砲師 gun specialist from 紀州 Kishu named 吉川源五兵衛 came to Edo. At 大宮鷹場 the hawking area of Omiya in the village of 吉野村 Yoshino he shot 白い雉 a white pheasant. When he could get close, he saw on its back the leggers SAMUHARA.
He thought this was an amulet to protect from injuries, so he wrote the letters on paper and shot at them.
After that he never hit the target.


.......................................................................　Tokyo　東京 .....

A man in Edo had carried a SAMUHARA amulet on his body. When he fell from his horse one day, we was not hurt.
Soon this kind of amulet became popular in Edo.


.......................................................................
. Chiyoda ku 千代田区 Chiyoda ward .

samuhara さむはら / サムハラ
In 1652, the Shogun went hawk hunting. The hawk caught a large goose. The four letters of SAMUHARA were written on the breast of the bird.
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Ushigafuchi, Ushigabuchi 牛ヶ淵 （うしがふち）
The canal at Kudansaka 件坂下 / 九段坂 is called 牛ヶ淵 "riverpool of the bull".
It is a 魔所 bewitched place.
Once in 1782, a Samurai rode here on his horse, but he fell down and tumbled into the "Riverpool of the Bull". But the man and his horse did not show any wounds.
This is because once the Samurai was hunting for pheasants and shot at a kiji 雉 pheasant. He followed the bird and finally caught it and saw the four letters SAMUHARA written on its wings. Since then he had kept an amulet with these words in his breast pocket.


.......................................................................
. Kami-Meguro 上目黒 .

In 1652, the Shogun went hawk hunting. The hawk caught a large goose. There were four letters written on the breast of the bird.
The letters were SA MU HA RA.

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- reference : nichibun yokai database -

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