WKD - Kyoto hana no miyako

http://worldkigodatabase.blogspot.jp/2010/07/kyoto-hana-no-miyako.html

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Kyoto 京都　"Hana no Miyako" 花の都

***** Location: Kyoto, Japan
***** Season: Late spring
***** Category: Plant / Humanity


洛中洛外 京は"花の都"か


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Explanation

"capital of blossoms", hana no miyako 花の都
Kyoto in cherry blossoms, Kyoto during the cherry blossom season
miyako no hana 都の花 the flower of the capital (cherry blossom)

. Cherry blossoms (sakura 桜)


見わたせば柳桜をこきまぜて
都ぞ春の錦なりける

miwataseba yanagi sakura o kokimazete
miyako zo haru no nishiki narikeru

gazing over the capital
green willow threads entwine
soft red cherry blossoms
as if the Heian capital
had spread a spring brocade

The Monk Sosei 素性法師 (around 910)
Kokin Wakashu Poetry Collection　古今和歌集



source :　yoshida sanso.com

Kaiseki meal in memoriam of the above waka poem.


. Poetry and Japanese Food .


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Kyoto 京都

Heian-kyō, Heiankyoo 平安京 Heiankyo
"capital of tranquility and peace "
became the seat of Japan's imperial court in 794, beginning the Heian period of Japanese history. In Japanese, the city has been called
Kyo (京), Miyako (Miako) (都) or Kyo no Miyako (京の都).
Keishi (京師), meaning "metropolis".
©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !


. Welcome to the Heian Period ! 平安時代 .



蚊柱の穴から見ゆる都哉
ka-bashira no ana kara miyuru miyako kana

through a hole
in the mosquito swarm...
Kyoto
Tr. David Lanoue

The mosquitoes are swarming in a column (ka-bashira).
The "capital" (miyako) was Kyoto in Issa's day. This is where the emperor and his court lived. Political and military power was centered in the Shogun's city of Edo, today's Tokyo. Sakuo Nakamura pictures Issa, as he approached Kyoto, feeling heavy pressure to do well in this cultural and literary center. "Those pressures stood before him like a mosquito swarm."
Tr. David Lanoue

Kobayashi Issa 小林一茶

. WKD - Discussion of the translation .

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. Fushimi 伏見 .

visited by Matsuo Basho and Yosa Buson.


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Rakuchuu (洛中) Central Kyoto

洛中に桔梗の花が三日咲
Rakuchu ni kikyoo no hana ga mikka saki

in central Kyoto
bellflowers boom
three days long

Haifu Yanagidaru Senryu Collection 誹風柳多留



Temple Daikomyo-Ji 大光明寺


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Shimogyo-ku (下京区)
is one of the eleven wards in the city of Kyoto.
First established in 1879 as an administrativev unit, it has been merged and split, and took on its present boundaries in 1955, with the establishment of a separate Minami-ku.
Kyoto Tower and Kyoto Station are major landmarks in Shimogyo-ku.
Shimogyo-ku has a population of 74,897 and an area of 6.82 km². Three rivers, Horikawa, Kamogawa and Takasegawa, are in the ward.
©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !



下京や闇いうちから花の春
shimogyô ya kurai uchi kara hana no haru

Shimogyo Town--
in the dark before dawn
spring blossoms

. . . . .


下京の窓かぞへけり春の暮
shimogyô no mado kazoe keri haru no kure

counting the windows
of Shimogyo Town...
spring dusk

Kobayashi Issa
Tr. David Lanoue


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Bridges 橋　hashi



shijoo oohashi 四条大橋 big bridge at Shijo



gojoo oohashi 五条大橋 big bridge at Gojo

. Ushiwaka-maru and Benkei at Gojo Bridge .



春水や四条五条の橋の下
shunsui ya Shjoo Gojoo no hashi no shita

water of spring -
at Shijo and Gojo
under the bridges

. water in spring, haru no mizu 春の水 .




source :　www.nichibun.ac.jp/meisyozue

Bungobashi 豊後橋 Bungo-bashi Bridge
now Kangetsukyoo 観月橋 Kangetsu-kyo Bridge in Fushimi ward 伏見, spanning the Yodogawa river　淀川.

This bridge has already been there in the Kamakura period under the name Katsurabashi 桂橋
Ryoogunbashi 両郡橋 or Shigetsubashi 指月橋）.
Later it was rebuilt by Toyotomi Hideyoshi at a length of about 200 meters and called Bungobashi. During the Edo period, the pillars were replaced about 18 times.


asagiri ya enokoro hitotsu Bungobashi

Misty morning.
The sleeping Bungo-bridge
is crossed by a puppy.
Tr. ? - source Terebess


. Yosa Buson 与謝蕪村 .


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Oohara 大原 Ohara Kyoto

quote
Ohara is a rural town nestled in the mountains of northern Kyoto, about one hour from Kyoto Station, but still technically located within Kyoto's city limits. Ohara is best known for Sanzenin Temple and particularly popular in mid November during the autumn leaf season, which typically occurs about one week earlier than in central Kyoto.
Otonashi Waterfall
Jakkoin Temple
Jikkoin Temple
Hosenin Temple
Raigoin Temple
Shorinin Temple
source : www.japan-guide.com


by Kitao Shigemasa 北尾重政

Ohara is also famous for the "women from Ohara", ooharame 大原女, Oharame, who used to carry vegetabels and firewood to the market in Kyoto and make a good living.


observance kigo for late winter

oohara zakone 大原雑魚寝 (おおはらざこね)
sleeping together at Ohara
.... zakone 雑魚寝（ざこね） "group sleep"
"like all kind of fish", all crowded together
on the night before setsubun, February 3 at shrine 江文神社 Ebumi Jinja

This is the night of the zakone in Ohara,when all the people of the village, young and old of both sexes, masters and servants, all are allowed to lie down together and sleep in the Ebumi shrine. It is a kind of vigil before setsubun, a religious custom, and for once no restrictions whatsoever are placed on what the sleepers may venture to do. Many couples found together on this night.
This is based on a legend of a large man-eating snake, which came down to the village when hungry, and the villagers all bundled together to be safe.
But it has been forbidden to do this since the Meiji period.

The custom of zakone is also alive in other temples and shrines in Japan, sometimes during O-Bon in autumn or on the last night of the year.


から人と雑魚寝もすらん女かな
karabito to zakone mo suran onna kana

lying down together
with people from China -
these women

Kobayashi Issa 一茶
Tr. Gabi Greve

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にしき木の立聞きもなき雑魚寝かな
nishiki ki no tachigiki mo naku zakone kana

. Yosa Buson 与謝蕪村 in Edo .


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雑魚寝布団夢の豺狼越え歩く
zakonebuton yume no sairoo koe-aruku

Takada Chooi 高田蝶衣
(1886−1930)

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tetsugaku no michi 哲学の径 / 哲学の道
The Philosopher's Path

Der Philosophenweg, Heidelberg, Germany is the original.

The Philosopher's Walk, Philosoper's Road
a pedestrian path that follows a cherry-tree-lined canal in Kyoto, between Ginkaku-ji and Nanzen-ji. The route is so-named because the influential 20th century Japanese philosopher and Kyoto University professor Nishida Kitaro is thought to have used it for daily meditation. It passes a number of temples and shrines such as Hōnen-in, Ōtoyo Shrine, and Eikan-dō Zenrin-ji. It takes about 30 minutes to complete the walk, although many people spend more time visiting the sights along the way. On the norther part of the walk, there are good views of the nearby Daimonji. The walk is a popular destination for tourists and locals, especially during hanami.
©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !


はつ冬の哲学の径一詩人
hatsufuyu no tetsugaku no michi ichi shijin

beginning of winter
on Philosopher's Road
one poet

Sakiko Fujishima 藤島咲子
source : Tr. Fay Aoyagi


quote
Der Philosophenweg
ist ein circa zwei Kilometer langer, vor allem zu Beginn sehr steiler Weg, der vom Heidelberger Stadtteil Neuenheim auf den Heiligenberg führt. Er liegt damit dem Heidelberger Schloss am Königstuhl direkt gegenüber und ist eine der Sehenswürdigkeiten Heidelbergs.
©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !

東の東山山麓の細い道が、ドイツ・ハイデルベルクの
「哲学者の道」と地形がそっくりともいわれる.



Philosopher's Walk
a squirrel in the path
looking to and fro

Chen-ou Liu
Ajax, Ontario, Canada
source : haibuntoday.com

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Place names in Sakyo 京都市右京区
. Omuro 御室 .


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Modern Kyoto in Winter
Tokuriki Tomikichiro (1902-2000)


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Things found on the way

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. Arashiyama 嵐山 "Storm Mountain" .


. Chishaku-In 智積院 Temple in Higashiyama .
京都府京都市東山区東瓦町964


. Higashiyama Culture 東山文化 　
Higashiyama, Kyoto


. Horikawa 堀川 River Horikawa .


. Jizo Bosatsu 地蔵菩薩 Statues in Kyoto .


. Kameyama 亀山 "Turtle Mountain" - 亀岡　Kameoka　 .
Kameyama dono 亀山殿 Retreat Palace Kameyama and Tenryuuji 天竜寺 Tenryu-Ji.

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. WASHOKU - Kyoto and Kaiseki Ryori 懐石料理
　
. . . . . . Kyooyasai 京野菜 Kyo-yasai vegetables from Kyoto
　
. . . . . . Mitarashi dango 御手洗団子
rice dumplings from Shimogamo 　

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. Kyoto Folk Art - 京都　 民芸 - Introduction .

. Kyoto Clay Dolls 京都土人形　 　
some with Daruma san

. Kyoto no dorei 京都の土鈴 clay bells from Kyoto .


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HAIKU

. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .

京までは まだ半空や 雪の雲
Kyoo made wa mada nakazora ya yuki no kumo

until Kyoto
it is just half-way -
clouds with snow

Matsuo Basho, 44 years old （笈の小文）
written at Narumi 鳴海

. . . . .


source : suisai-blog.com


京にても 京なつかしや 時鳥
Kyoo ni te mo Kyoo natsukashi ya hototogisu

even when in Kyoto
I long for Kyoto -
hototogisu
Tr. Gabi Greve

Matsuo Basho
stayed at Genjuu-An 幻住庵 Genju-An in Shiga in the year Genroku 3 (1690), but had been to a visit in Kyoto.

This haiku has the cut marker YA at the end of line two and the name of the bird,
hototogisu, as the last line.


Even in Kyoto --
hearing the cuckoo's cry --
I long for Kyoto.
Tr. Robert Hass


Bird of time –
in Kyoto, pining
for Kyoto.
Tr. Lucien Stryk


. Little Cuckoo, Cuculus poliocephalis,
hototogisu ホトトギス, 時鳥 .

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塩にしてもいざ言伝ん都鳥
. shio ni shi te mo iza kotozuten Miyako-dori .

miyakodori 都鳥 hooded gull lit. "bird of the capital"
Larus ridibundus.
kigo for all winter

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天秤や京江戸かけて千代の春
. tenbin ya Kyō Edo kakete chiyo no haru .
balancing Kyoto and Edo on a giant scale


. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Visiting Kyoto .


. Basho-An 芭蕉庵 in Kyoto
temple Konpuku-Ji 金福寺 / 金福寺 . .


Paintings about Basho from the Kyoto Museum Collection
京都国立博物館所蔵
source : www.bashouan.com


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. Kobayashi Issa 小林一茶 - Cultural keywords .

のらくらや花の都も秋の風
norakura ya hana no miyako mo aki no kaze

loafing around -
even in the capital of blossoms
now autumn wind

Kobayashi Issa, 1816


Maybe Issa stayed in Edo ?
Issa stayed in Edo not in Kyoto. So I think 花の都 is not necessary to be Kyoto.
Nakamura Sakuo Haiga

. . . . .


行秋やすでに御釈迦は京の空
yuku aki ya sude ni o-shaka wa kyoo no sora

autumn ends--
already the Buddha
fills Kyoto's sky

or

autumn ends--
already the statue of Buddha Shakamuni
is under the sky of Kyoto
Tr. Gabi Greve


In a prescript to this haiku, Issa alludes to an image of Gautama Buddha being returned to its temple in Kyoto.
Seiryooji 清涼寺 Temple Seiryo-Ji, Shakado 釈迦堂 in Saga, Kyoto, is quite famous for the statue of Gautama Shakyamuni which is about 160 cm high and rather simple in a robe of Indian style of Gandhara Buddhas. It was made in China and had the intestines made of silk inside.



The statue had been shown at the temple Eko-In 回向院 (Ekooin) in Edo in 1810.

More about the temle Seiryoji and haiku
. Saga　嵯峨 Spring Festivals .

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京辺や冬篭さへいそがしき
miyakobe ya fuyugomori sae isogashiki

Kyoto people
stay busy outside
all winter long
Tr. Chris Drake

This hokku was written in the 11th month (December) of 1816, when Issa had left his hometown for a while and traveled back to Edo to see poets there. The difference between his hometown and Edo must have been extreme in winter. In Edo people went outside and kept busy during the whole winter, unlike the home confinement people experienced during much of the winter in the snow country, in which Issa's hometown was located. In this hokku, however, Issa evokes not Edo, the location of the shogun's castle and actual center of power in Japan, but the ancient capital of Kyoto, nominally the capital though the "reigning" emperor or empress was merely a figurehead. Perhaps Issa focuses on Kyoto because even more important annual events were scheduled there than in busy Edo.

In addition to being the site of a diligent court that continuously carried out empty rituals, Kyoto had hundreds of Buddhist temples, many of them the head temple of their school, and perhaps even more Shinto shrines. Numerous important ceremonies, festivals, performances, and events took place there every single day throughout the winter, and Kyoto's thriving economy also continued to operate at a rapid pace. To speak of "winter confinement" in Kyoto is a contradiction in terms, and the phrase was used there and in the other larger cities of Issa's time mainly as an elegant euphemism for staying indoors a bit more in winter.

Chris Drake

. Kobayashi Issa 小林一茶 .

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. Yosa Buson 与謝蕪村 . 　

ほととぎす平安城を筋違（すじかい）に
hototogisu Heianjoo o sujikai ni

this cockoo -
it criss-crosses over
Heiankyo



御火焚や霜うつくしき京の町
ohitaki ya shimo utsukushiki kyoo no machi

bonfire ceremony -
the frost is so beautiful
in the town of Kyoto


. Bonfire ceremony (ohotaki 御火焚) 　　


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Many more haiku about Kyoto and Miyako are here
(waiting to be translated . . .)

上京 / 京(みやこ) / 京より / 京中 / 京人 / 京洛 / 京舞
and many more keywords
- source : AIKUreikuDB -

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plant kigo for early summer

miyakogusa 都草 (みやこぐさ) "capital plant"
It used to grow wild around the capital of Kyoto in the old days.
Now it is found everywhere in Japan. Its yellow flowers look like enchanted butterflies.

Lotus corniculatus
is a common flowering plant native to grassland temperate Eurasia and North Africa. The common name is Bird's-foot Trefoil (or similar, such as "birdsfoot trefoil"), though the common name is often also applied to other members of the genus. It is also known in cultivation in North America as Birdfoot Deervetch.
©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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Related words

***** . miyako odori 都踊 Miyako Dance
kigo for late spring 　

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- - - - - Further festivals as kigo from the Kyoto region:

. Ama no Hashidate Matsuri 天の橋立祭 .
. Kitano natane goku 北野菜種御供 ritual for rapeseed blossoms .
. Kushi Matsuri 櫛祭り Kushi Comb Festival .
. mikage matsuri 御蔭祭 "honorable shadow festival" .
. Seimei Matsuri 晴明祭 Seimei Festival .

. WKD - Kyoto Festivals 京都の祭り .

. Kyoto Festivals in April

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***** Nara 奈良 the ancient capital

***** . Gosho Imperial Palace in Kyoto 京都御所 .

***** . Fudōdōchō　不動堂町　 FudoDo-Cho .

***** . Rashoomon 羅生門 Rashomon Gate .

***** . Shishinden 紫宸殿 Hall for State Ceremonies .


***** . Place names used in haiku 　

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Hana no Oedo 花の大江戸
***** Edo 江戸, The City That Became Tokyo

We also have the expression : the thriving city of Edo

hana no o-Edo, the flourishing town of Edo
花の大江戸


時鳥花のお江戸を一呑に
hototogisu hana no o-edo o hito nomi ni

oh cuckoo--
swallow blossom-filled Edo
in a gulp!


初夢の不二の山売る都哉
hatsu yume no fuji no yama uru miyako kana

year's first dream--
Mount Fuji is sold
in Kyoto

Kobayashi Issa
Tr. David Lanoue

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鐘一つ　売れぬ日はなし　江戸の春
kane hitotsu urenu hi wa nashi Edo no haru

spring in Old Edo -
not a day without a
temple bell sold

寶井其角 Takarai Kikaku (1661-1707)

. Temple Bells and Haiku


Read more details of this poem :
- - - discussion from Translating Haiku

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[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]

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PERSONS - Ii Naosuke Sakuradamon

http://darumapedia-persons.blogspot.jp/2016/02/ii-naosuke-sakuradamon.html

Ii Naosuke Sakuradamon

[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
. - - - PERSONS - ABC - LIST of this BLOG - - - .
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Ii Naosuke 井伊直弼
(November 29, 1815 – March 24, 1860)



- quote
A daimyo of Hikone (1850–1860) and also Tairō of Tokugawa Shogunate, Japan, a position he held from April 23, 1858 until his death on March 24, 1860. He is most famous for signing the Harris Treaty with the United States, granting access to ports for trade to American merchants and seamen and extraterritoriality to American citizens. He was also an enthusiastic and accomplished practitioner of the Japanese tea ceremony, in the Sekishūryū style, and his writings include at least two works on the tea ceremony.

Under Ii Naosuke's guidance, the Tokugawa shogunate navigated past a particularly difficult conflict over the succession to the ailing and childless Tokugawa Iesada. Ii Naosuke managed to coerce the Tokugawa Shogunate to its last brief resurgence of its power and position in Japanese society before the start of the Meiji period. Ii was assassinated in the Sakuradamon incident by a group of 17 Mito and 1 Satsuma samurai on March 24, 1860.


Edo Castle's Sakurada Gate – photographed by Felix Beato, 1863–1870.

- snip -
- - - - - Tairō
In 1858 after Hotta Masayoshi's disastrous attempt to obtain the emperor's approval for the Harris treaty the Tokugawa Shogun, Tokugawa Iesada (徳川家定), chose Ii Naosuke to be the Tairō (Great Elder); a decision influenced by the Kii Party. The position of Tairō, a post traditionally held by members of the Ii family, was rarely filled; in fact there had only been three Tairō between 1700 and Ii Naosuke's rise to power 158 years later. Ii's promotion to the post of Tairō annoyed many of the shinpan daimyo (daimyo related to the Shogun, they were unable to be members of the bakufu, but in the event of the Shogun dying heirless the next Shogun would be chosen from one of the shinpan families) including Tokugawa Nariaki. As the Tairō Ii Naosuke had both prestige and power second only to the Shogun; Ii also enjoyed the full backing of the Fudai daimyo. An intelligent and capable politician Ii Naosuke was determined to restore the power of the bakufu in Japanese policy making, both in a domestic and a foreign role.
- snip -
- - - - - Kōbu gattai and the Kazunomiya marriage 公武合体
Kōbu Gattai is the policy of binding Kyoto and Edo closer together to shore up the failing shogunate with the prestige of the imperial court. This policy was to be carried out by means of a marriage between the Shogun and the Emperor's younger sister, Princess Kazunomiya.
- snip -
©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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The daimyo of Hikone Ii Naosuke　井伊直弼　had meat from Omi cows 　近江牛　prepared as misozuke, pickled in miso paste, and send it to Edo to the Tokugawa Shogun, especially also to Nariaki of Mito　水戸斉昭.
Nariaki even wrote a letter to thank for the meat.


徳川斉昭書状別紙, 嘉永元年（1848年）12月
（彦根城博物館蔵）

The beef from Hikone was also dried in the cold 「寒」の干牛肉 during the coldest month of January and then eaten as "medicine".
When Ii Naosuke was killed in the Sakuradamon incident on March 24, 1860, by a group of samurai from Mito, the shipments to Mito Tokugawa Nariaki stopped and Nariaki was quite unhappy about this turn of events.

. Eating Meat in Edo .

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Sakurada Mon 桜田門 lit. Gate of the Field of Cherry Trees


source : 桜田門外の変」を歩く

Sakurada mon is Nr. 10


The Sakuradamon Incident 桜田門外の変 Sakuradamon-gai no Hen
桜田門の変 Sakuradamon no Hen

- quote -
the assassination of Japanese Chief Minister (Tairō) Ii Naosuke (1815–1860) on 24 March 1860 by rōnin samurai of the Mito Domain, outside the Sakurada Gate of Edo Castle.

The assassination took place outside the Shogun's Edo Castle in Edo (modern Tokyo), just as Ii Naosuke was reaching the premises. Ii Naosuke had been warned about his safety, and many encouraged him to retire from office, but he refused, replying that "My own safety is nothing when I see the danger threatening the future of the country".



A total of 17 Mito rōnin ambushed Ii Naosuke together with Arimura Jisaemon (有村次左衛門), a samurai from Satsuma Domain. While an attack at the front drew the attention of the guards, a lone assassin fired one shot into the palanquin containing Ii Naosuke, with a Japanese-made Colt 1851 Navy Revolver, which had been copied from the firearms that Perry had given the Shogunate as gifts. Drawing the injured and likely paralyzed Ii Naosuke out, Arimura decapitated Ii Naosuke and then committed seppuku.
Arimura Jisaemon, on the point of committing the assassination.

The conspirators carried a manifesto on themselves, outlining the reason for their act:
- snip -
- - - - - Consequences
The popular upheaval against foreign encroachment and assassination of Ii Naosuke forced the Bakufu to soften its stance, and to adopt a compromise policy of Kōbu Gattai ("Union of the Emperor and the Shogun") suggested by Satsuma Domain and Mito Domain, in which both parties vied for political supremacy in the years to follow. This soon amplified into the violent Sonnō Jōi ("Revere the Emperor, Expel the Barbarians") movement.

For the following years until the fall of Bakufu in 1868, Edo, and more generally the streets of Japan, would remain notably hazardous for Bakufu officials (see attack on Andō Nobumasa) and foreigners alike (Richardson murder), as the Sonno Joi movement continued to expand. According to Sir Ernest Satow: "A bloody revenge was taken on the individual [Ii Naosuke], but the hostility to the system only increased with time, and in the end brought about its complete ruin".

The conflict reached its resolution with the military defeat of the Shogunate in the Boshin war, and the installation of the Meiji restoration in 1868.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !




source : d4.dion.ne.jp/~ponskp/bakumatsu

On the famous painting of the incident, you can see some normal Samurai without shoes.
It was winter and a rare snowfall of about 20 cm kept the rather unprotected palanquin bearers and accompanying samurai cold. So many of the 60 people in the procession, who were only hired for the job, did not protect Naosuke but just run away when they heard the shots.
(Some sources quote one shot, others quote two or more.)

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- - - - - H A I K U - - - - -

春寒料峭井伊直弼に手を合はす
shunkan ryooshoo Ii Naosuke ni te o awasu

very cold spring day -
I fold my hands
for Ii Naosuke

Kawasaki Tenkoo 川崎展宏 Kawasaki Tenko (1927 - 2009)

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鳥帰る桜田門を掃き終り
斉藤夏風


浮寝鳥桜田門の日向かな
瀧井孝作




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- Reference - Japanese 桜田門の変 -
- Reference - English sakuradamon-


. Introducing Japanese Haiku Poets .

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GOKURAKU - kaidan ordination platform

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kaidan 戒壇 platform for Buddhist ordination

A special hall to perform a Buddhist ordination (kairitsu 戒律).


source : pikapikasos.blog95.fc2.com
戒壇巡り Kaidan meguri
岐阜県関市西日吉町35　/ 関善光寺 Seki Zenko-Ji in Gifu

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Kaidanin 戒壇院 Kaidan-In 戒壇堂 Kaidan-Do


source : todaiji.or.jp/contents
Nara, Todai-Ji, 戒壇堂 Kaidan-Do

- quote -
A Tendai 天台 sect building that contains an ordination platform used exclusively for the ceremony to impart the Buddhist precepts upon priests and nuns.
At the ceremony, called jukai 受戒, the initiates vow to accept and follow the precepts of Buddhism. The Chinese priest Jianzhen (Jp; Ganjin 鑑真, 688-763), who reached Japan in the mid-8c is said to have ordered an ordination platform to be erected in front of Toudaiji 東大寺 (Todai-Ji)  (Nara), in April 754, for the precepts of Emperor Shoumu 聖武. In May 754, it was relocated west of the Daibutsuden 大仏殿 where a building had been erected for the platform. This is considered the first in Japan. The building was often destroyed and rebuilt. Finally, in 1731 at Reiunji 霊雲寺 in Tokyo, it was rebuilt in its original form.

Another kaidan-in was built in 1678 as the center of the Tendai sect. It is called the Enryakuji Daijou Kaidan-in dou 延暦寺大乗戒壇院堂 and is located in Shiga prefecture. It is a 5×5 bay square, single-storied structure. The kaidan is 3×3 bays and a 1-bay wide aisle surrounds it. This aisle is called a mokoshi 裳階 and has a pent roof. The kaidan-in has a coffered ceiling, and the roof over it is pyramidal hougyou-zukuri 宝形造, with an undulating bargeboard karahafu 唐破風. Roofing is tochibuki 栩葺, that is, wood roofing 1cm to 3cm thick and 9 cm to 15cm wide.
The kaidan-in or daijou kaidan-in correspond to the Kanjoudou 潅頂堂 of the Shingon 真言 sect.
- source : JAANUS -

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kanjoodoo 潅頂堂 Kanjo-Do

- quote -
Also called kanjouin 潅頂院 Kanjo-In.
The hall used to conduct the ceremony to confer the basic precepts and mystic teachings of Esoteric Buddhism, mikkyou 密教, on young men who are to be trained as Buddhist priests. An important part of the ceremony is the pouring of water over the young men's heads as part of their initiation rites. Kanjou are known to have existed at Mt. Kouya 高野, Wakayama prefecture, the headquarters of the Shingon 真言 sect, and at Jingoji 神護寺 in Kyoto.
Only one Shingon sect kanjoudou still exists at Kyouougokokuji 教王護国寺 (also called Touji 東寺) in Kyoto.
This building, called the Kanjouin 潅頂院, was rebuilt in 1634. The TOUHOUKI 東宝記 describes the original kanjoudou, at Mt. Kouya, as having been constructed in the twin hall style narabidou 双堂, with a large main hall shoudou 正堂, of 5×4 bays and a separate worship hall raidou 礼堂. These two halls were connected by a passage-like hall called an ai-no-ma 合の間.
- reference source : JAANUS -

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- - - - - H A I K U - - - - -

. Kobayashi Issa 小林一茶 - Introduction .

かいだんの穴よりひらり小てふ（ちょう）哉
kaidan no ana yori hirari kochoo kana

lightly, from a passageway
beneath Amida Buddha
a small butterfly
Tr. Chris Drake

This hokku is from the third month (April) of 1818. In Issa's diary the hokku is placed next to a hokku about Zenkoji Temple, and he also mentions making a pilgrimage to Zenkoji on the morning of 3/7 (April 11), so presumably this hokku is based on that visit to the temple, which is located only a few miles from his hometown. This large temple is very famous and attracts pilgrims from throughout Japan. One of the highlights of a pilgrimage to the temple was (and still is) passing through a completely dark passageway under the raised main hall, a hall in which a very old statue of Amida Buddha is worshiped. The statue is so fragile that it is never shown, and at official "showings" an exact copy, itself very old, is shown instead.

The corridor beneath the high floor of the main hall is known as the "ordination platform," but its larger purpose is to allow all people visiting the temple to form a close relationship with Amida Buddha. People do this by wholly depending on and trusting completely in Amida in spite of being unable to see anything down in the corridor. Feeling their way in the dark through the winding corridor, an experience that is said to be a bit frightening for some pilgrims, their hands eventually touch a large metal key attached to the wall on their right. The key is located directly beneath the statue of Amida Buddha in the hall above, and it symbolizes entrance into the Pure Land. If people think wholly of Amida while touching this key, it is believed that Amida will feel their sincerity and promise to accept them into the Pure Land. After symbolically touching Amida and sensing his promise, people then feel their way to the exit, a stairway located a few feet from the entrance. See the contemporary picture of the passageway entrance at the link below.

In the hokku one of the pilgrims is revealed to be a small butterfly. Since ancient times in Japan and the Ryukyus, butterflies have been evoked in songs and poems as the physical manifestations of souls and gods, so Issa may feel that the butterfly fluttering so freely out of the passageway exit is the soul of someone who sincerely prayed to Amida down in the darkness and is now flying through the air of the Pure Land. Or perhaps Issa takes the butterfly to be a sign that his own recent underground feelings toward Amida have been mutual. If so, his own feet must now feel as light as the butterfly.

The link below is to a picture put up by the Issa Memorial Museum of two pilgrims in Issa's age going down into the dark corridor beneath the high floor of Zenkoji Temple's main hall, a corridor that passes directly under an especially revered statue of Amida Buddha. Two monks stand at lower right:



Chris Drake

一茶と善光寺 - 戒壇巡り」
- source : issakinenkan.com/diary -


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kaidan no ana yori hirari ko chô kana

from a hole in the temple's
pulpit, swish!
little butterfly

Kaidan doesn't signify, as I first thought, the step of a staircase. Shinji Ogawa notes that it means "an ordination platform" in a large Buddhist temple, like Zenkôji Temple in Issa's home province.

From this platform, Buddhist precepts are taught; Kogo dai jiten (Shogakukan 1983) 499, and so I've chosen the English word, "pulpit," to approximate its meaning. No longer a caterpillar, Issa's butterfly has been reborn as a pure, innocent embodiment of enlightenment. This little "priest" has more to teach about Buddha's law than human preachers.

- source : David Lanoue -

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戒壇院裏の崖なる穴施行
Kaidan-In ura no gake naru ana segyoo

Kaidan-In hall
in the cliff behind it
offerings in the holes

茨木和生 Ibaraki Kazuo (1939 - )

. ana segyoo 穴施行 placing alms food at the holes for animals .
kigo for late winter

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戎壇院辺りは静かお山焼 橋本道子

戒壇院前に屯す袋角 森孝子

戒壇院霰ひと撒きして雪に 赤松[けい]子

杉花粉とぶ下野の戒壇院 大坪貞子

余寒なる戒壇院址何の花弁 橋本榮治

靴音一つ戒壇院の秋の昼 鷲谷七菜子

端居して戒壇院に女あり 高野素十

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. Pilgrimages to Fudo Temples 不動明王巡礼
Fudo Myo-O Junrei - Fudo Pilgrims - INTRODUCTION .


. Japan - Shrines and Temples - ABC .


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Posted By Gabi Greve to Gokuraku - Jigoku on 2/22/2016 09:42:00 am

EDO Mingei - nails and poles kugi kui

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. Japanese Architecture - Interior Design - The Japanese Home .
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kugi 釘 nail, hook, Nagel



- quote JAANUS -
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kugi 釘 A nail made of metal, wood or bamboo and shaped according to use.
Traditionally, metal kugi are square, kakukugi 角釘. However there are a great variety of other kugi: flat nails hirakugi 平釘; double pointed bent nails aiorekugi 合折釘; double pointed nails aikugi 合釘; twice bent end nijuu orekugi 二重折釘, a thrice bent nails inazuma orekugi 稲妻折釘; and a bag hanging nails fukurokakekugi 袋掛釘.

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aikugi　合釘
Also kurekugi 呉釘, kirikugi 切釘. A straight nail with both ends pointed. It is made of wood, bamboo, iron, or bronze and used to join wooden boards. Some are round in cross section and others are square kakuaikugi 角合釘.
Note that maruaikugi 丸合釘 refers to a Western type nail, and not a round aikugi.

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aiorekugi　合折釘
Also called oreaikugi 折合釘 or mageorekugi 曲折釘. A type of double-pointed iron nail, square in section, and bent into an L-shape. Used to attach the frames of opaque paper sliding screens fusuma 襖, to a skeletal framework, hammered down so that they are not visible from the exterior. Aiorekugi typically are spaced about 21cm apart.

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asagaokugi 朝顔釘
Lit. morning glory nail. A two-pronged nail bent into a right angle for the purpose of hanging a flower vase. The nail usually is driven into the bamboo lath of a vine-laced, lattice-reed window shitajimado 下地窓, or on the lath of a small window hana-akarimado 花明窓, found at the side of the tea house alcove tokonoma 床の間. The points of this nail are bent around the bamboo lath of the window lattice after it has been pounded in. Typically, morning glories 'asagao 朝顔', are displayed in this vase hence the name, but sometimes other flowers are displayed.

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fukurokakekugi 袋掛釘 Lit. bag hanging nail.
A bamboo or iron nail inserted into the middle post nakabashira 中柱, of a tea ceremony room. It is used to hang up the tea caddy bag, shifuku 仕服. The nail is bent to form a hook with the under part being bent at a right angle and rounded to make it easy to hang up the bag gracefully. A small guard regulates how far the nail is to be hammered into the post. The nail is positioned about 11cm above the horizontal wooden piece which holds the extended sleeve wall sodekabe 袖壁, and terminated by the nakabashira. This prevents the bag from touching the floor. Example: Kohouan 孤篷庵 Daitokuji 大徳寺 (rebuilt by Matsudaira Fumai 松平不昧 flourished ca. 1800), Kyoto.

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hanakugi 花釘
A nail used to hang a flower vase in a tea ceremony room chashitsu 茶室. Some are hammered into the center of the alcove tokonoma 床の間, wall and others are hammered into the alcove pillar tokobashira 床柱. The former is also called nakakugi 中釘 and the latter hashirakugi 柱釘 or tokobashira hanakugi 床柱花釘. All are metal nails, bent up into an L- shape to form a hook.

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inazuma orekugi 稲妻折釘
Also nijuu orekugi 二重折釘. A twice bent nail that is used under the ceiling molding or under the attached lintel for hanging scrolls. They are created by first bending them 90 degrees and then a second time.
If set in a channel, musou shibuichi 無双四分一, nails of this type can also be moved to the left or right and are also used for hanging scrolls in an alcove. In this case, they are called inazuma hashirikugi 稲妻走釘 (running right angle hook). The bottom part is inserted through the opening in the web of the channel, and the prongs are bent so that they hang on the edges of the web. When a pair or set of three scrolls are hung, these special nails can be slid to the position needed.

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jikukakekugi 軸掛釘 / Also jikukugi 軸釘, kakemonokugi 掛物釘.
A hook for hanging scrolls kakemono 掛物 that is made of metal or bamboo and hammered into the upper part of the back wall, or the bottom edge of the ceiling molding of a tea ceremony alcove tokonoma 床の間. Metal jikukakekugi are bent twice to form a three-pronged, trident shape. If made of bamboo, the hook is hammered straight into the wall, or with a slight upward incline in a rustic style tea ceremony room.
Bamboo nails are 0.63cm long and are nailed 2.8cm below the ceiling molding, projecting from the wall. Around the late 16c - early 17c, in shoin 書院 style tea rooms one, three, four or eight scrolls were hung and each had a hook. When three hooks, mitsukugi 三ﾂ釘, were used, the right and left ones were made smaller and projected 3cm. When a set of three scrolls, sanpukutsui 三幅対, were hung, in a large shoin style room, a board 6-8mm thick, 12-30cm wide and 180cm long was nailed to the bottom edge of the ceiling molding and a groove was made so that the inserted zigzag shaped nails could be moved easily.

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kaiorekugi 貝折釘
Also written 皆折釘. A large, square, angular nail used for wooden or bamboo fences. Its head is bent at right angles but has a gable-shaped top. It varies from 8-9cm to 20-30cm long.

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musoukugi　無双釘 Musokugi
Also musou orekugi 無双折釘. A type of nail used to hang a scroll in an alcove nakakugi 中釘. A nail which is composed of two parts: a sharply pointed tip and a second part which is bent up at a right angle to form a hook. The pointed part is securely driven into the plastered wall of an alcove and the latter part can be inserted into a fixed pocket and removed at will. This type of nail prevents damage to the scroll. It may also be used to hang a flower vase.

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nakakugi 中釘
Also hanakugi 花釘, tokonakakugi 床中釘 (see orekugi 折釘).
A nail hammered into the center of the back wall of an alcove tokonoma 床の間, on which to hang a flower vase or a scroll in a tea ceremony room. The nail is bent in such a fashion that when it is driven into the wall the back of the scroll is not damaged. Most nakakugi are placed about 1 m above the surface of the straw mat tatami 畳, but this distance varies widely, usually from 90cm-150cm, depending on the height of the ceiling.

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nijuu orekugi　二重折釘
Also called kakemonokugi 掛物釘. A type of hooked nail orekugi 折釘.
A square, double-bent nail that is used to hang scrolls kakemono 掛物. The nail head forms a ' コ' shape. A nail with three bends is called sanjuu orekugi 三重折釘.

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noshigata-no-kugi 熨斗形の釘
An archaic term for taru-no-kuchi 樽の口. Also called kanimekugi 蟹目釘 or noshigashira kugi 熨斗頭釘.
A large, half-dome-shaped nail similar to a present day rivet. The WAMYOUSHOU 倭名抄 describes it as a large, high-headed nail, kashiradaka ookugi 頭高大釘. It is used to secure a gable pendant, gegyo 懸魚 or a non-penetrating tie beams, nageshi 長押.

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orekugi　折釘 A type of hooked nail made from one piece of iron.
It is bent at a right angle and is square in cross section. The name is a corruption of orikugi 折釘. Orekugi are used for both the interior and exterior of a tea ceremony house *chashitsu 茶室. There are many different sizes and most have stops or guards which determine the extent to which the nail can be inserted into a wall, post, or molding. Orekugi are named according to their placement, or purpose. There are many types of bent nails.
These include: fukurokakekugi 袋掛釘; musoukugi 無双釘; asagaokugi 朝顔釘; *tokobashirahana kugi 床柱花釘; tokonakakugi 床中釘; tokokakenaka kugi 床掛中釘; and tokootoshikake kugi 床落掛釘.

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sanjuu orekugi　三重折釘
A nail that is bent in three tines at a ninety degree angle.

Like the twice bent nail, nijuu orekugi 二重折釘, it is used to hang various kinds of decorative objects. Also called *inazuma orikugi 稲妻折釘.

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takekugi　竹釘 bamboo nail
Usually the nail is 7.5mm square and made from giant bamboo, madake 真竹 (also nigatake 苦竹). They have a hook on which to hang scrolls and are used in a small room or alcove, tokonoma 床の間. When pounded into a wall, the nail project 27mm with the exterior skin on the upper side. Kobori Enshuu 小堀遠州 (1579-1647) and Kanamori Souwa 金森宗和 (1584-1656) preferred nailing takekugi into a wall with the exterior skin on the under side. Hooked bamboo nails were used in a tea ceremony houses, chashitsu 茶室, kitchen, mizuya 水屋, for hanging up towels used to wipe tea implements.
Bamboo nails made from a smaller variety of bamboo that has a smooth surface with non-protruding joints are used by cabinet makers. Once shaped as nails, they are roasted in an iron pot and therefore have a brownish color.

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tokobashirahana kugi 床柱花釘 / hashirakugi　柱釘
tokonakakugi 床中釘; tokokakenaka kugi 床掛中釘; and tokootoshikake kugi 床落掛釘.
Also hanakugi 花釘. A nail on which a flower vase can be hung. It is nailed onto an alcove post tokohashira 床柱 in a tea ceremony room chashitsu 茶室. Opinion varies on its proper position which ranges from 33cm below the alcove lintel otoshigake 落掛, to 97cm above the straw mat tatami 畳 floor.

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wakugi 和釘
Also called nihonkugi 日本釘. A square nail used during and after the Tumulus period (CE 300-538/552). The nail was made of hand-wrought iron and was from 3cm-60cm long. Wakugi were classified by the shape of the nail head. The oldest nail of this type had a square head. Other heads were flat or spiral in shape. The nails were used to secure roof tiles yanegawara 屋根瓦, to eave ends, *nokisaki 軒先. Double pointed nails were used to join two wooden members to make a line like a seam, nuime 縫目. This method appeared during the Heian period (794-1185). At the Houryuuji Gojuu-no-tou 法隆寺五重塔, 27 different types of nails have been identified, ranging in length from slightly over 3.03,to over 60.9.

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yanagikugi 柳釘
Also yanagikakekugi 柳掛け釘. A nail hammered into a partially plastered post yanagibashira 柳柱 (see youjibashira 楊子柱), usually found in a 4 1/2 mat tea ceremony room chashitsu 茶室. The nail is hammered into the upper part of the post (the unplastered part) and a hanging flower vase is hung from it. According to Sen Soutan 千宗旦 (1578-1658) the nail gets its name from springs of willow draped from the nail at New Years. Examples can be seen at Yuuin 又隠 at Urasenke 裏千家, and Onigawara-no-seki 鬼瓦席 at Koudaiji 高台寺 both in Kyoto.

- source : JAANUS -
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. kasugai 鎹 / かすがい clamp, cramp, cleat, staple .

. yanefuki 屋根葺き roofer, craftsman making roofs .
using nails

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deru kugi wa utareru 出る釘は打たれる "A nail that sticks out will be hammered"
deru kui wa utareru 出る杭は打たれる "A stake that sticks out will be hammered"

. The nail that sticks out . . . .




- quote -
kui　杭 - kigui 木杭 Pile
A wooden stake or post driven into the ground.
Closely placed round wooden posts, often shaved to a point, pounded into the ground to form a base that can transfer the down bearing load from the superstructure through the footing, sills, or foundation to the ground. This system has been used from very ancient periods for foundation ground work. Pine logs were most common, but Japanese cedar, sugi 杉, and evergreen oak, kashi 樫, were also used. The stakes had to reach down below the water table, as they decayed if they dried up. In order to strengthen the tip of the kui when driving into hard ground, a protective metal band called a pile shoe, kutsukanamono 沓金物, was sometimes added.

hikaegui　控杭 pole, post
Any upright pole or post added to the inside of a castle wall for extra support. While hikaegui increased the strength of the wall, they did make it more difficult to move around close to the wall on the interior because the light was dim and people could easily fall against these protections.
- source : JAANUS -


国分尼寺守る杭打つ初仕事
Kokubun Niji mamoru kui utsu hatsu shigoto

first work of the year
to strengthen the piles
of nunnery Kokubun-ji

土屋尚 Tsuchiya Masa

. Kokubunji 国分寺 Kokubun-Ji .


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. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

. kugi 釘 伝説　Legends about nails and curses .

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折釘に烏帽子かけたり春の宿
orekugi ni eboshi kaketari haru no yado

On a bent hook
hangs an official's cap,
the lodging house in spring.
Tr. Yuki Sawa

. Yosa Buson - Collection - 蕪村句集 Kushu .


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kugikakushi, kugi kakushi 釘隠し "hiding the nails" nail-hiding ornament

- quote
kugikakushi　釘隠
An ornament used to conceal the head of a large nail on a pressing tie rail *nageshi 長押 and on doors. Made of wood, copper, iron, or gilt bronze. From the Momoyama period techniques of cloisonne *shippou 七宝, inlay *zougan 象嵌, and openwork *sukashibori 透彫, decoration were used, and new materials such as ceramics were introduced. Pre-10c kugikakushi were hemispherical in shape and known as *bai 唄, manjuu kanamono 饅頭金物 (see *manjuugata 饅頭形) or *chichikanamono 乳金物.
From about the 10c, kugikakushi were designed using a circle of flower-petal shapes.
The most common types were the four-petalled *shiyou 四葉, six-petalled *rokuyou 六葉, and eight-petalled *hachiyou 八葉. They consisted of a central projection *taru-no-kuchi 樽の口 (cask plug), a round body *kikuza 菊座, and surrounding petal shapes *zagane 座金.
- source : JAANUS


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雛の間へ一間ごとの釘隠し
hina no ma e hitoma goto no kugi kakushi

to the room with Hina dolls
every room is decorated
with nail-hiding ornaments

Yasome Aiko 八染藍子 (1934 - )

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釘隠しまでも梅鉢あたかかし　
kugi kakushi made mo umebachi atatakashi

even the nail-hiding ornaments
like a plum-blossom
feels so warm 　

Gotoo Yahan 後藤夜半 Goto Yahan (1895 - 1976)




umebachi was the family crest of the Maeda clan.
Kaga-umebachi kamon
Umebachi kamon in the shape of an ume blossom is the family crest of the Maedas of Daishoji clan (a branch family of Kaga clan) who originated Kutaniyaki Porcelain. An ume, together with a chrysanthemum, bamboo and an orchid was one of four flowers likened to wise man in old China, and the crest has deep relation with Tenjin faith.
The design is classified roughly into two patterns －realistic pattern and geometric pattern in the shape of ume blossom with five single petals. The Maedas used design to be called Kaga-umebachi that intended particular distinction from other similar family crests in shape of ume blossom.
source : kutanimus-volunteers.com


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啓蟄の日がとどきたり釘隠
小室善弘

春荒れのひと夜や鶴の釘隠し
長崎玲子

水亭は釘隠さへかきつばた
飴山實

行く春や緑青をふく釘隠し
渡部義雄

釘隠良夜の釘を隠しをり
真鍋呉夫

黴の戸の栄枯高きに釘隠
古舘曹人


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. Japanese Architecture - Interior Design - The Japanese Home .


. senryu, senryū 川柳　Senryu poems in Edo .


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Posted By Gabi Greve to Edo - the EDOPEDIA - on 1/25/2015 03:41:00 pm

EDO - shichiya pawn shop

LINK
http://darumapilgrim.blogspot.jp/2011/12/echigoya-and-mitsui.html
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- quote
Mitsui Group (三井グループ, Mitsui Gurūpu) is one of the largest corporate conglomerates (keiretsu) in Japan and one of the largest publicly traded companies in the world.
Founded by Mitsui Takatoshi (1622–1694), who was the fourth son of a shopkeeper in Matsusaka, in what is now today's Mie prefecture. From his shop, called Echigoya (越後屋), Mitsui Takatoshi's father originally sold miso and ran a pawn shop business. Later, the family would open a second shop in Edo (now called Tokyo).
©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !

shichiya 質屋 pawn shops were also often lending money, put mostly accepted kimono and other clothing items. In Edo during the 18th century there were more than 2.700 pawn shops and in Osaka during the 19th century, there were about 2.400 such shops.
Even in small mountain villages there were these important shops, which used to be open till late in the night.


二村に質屋一軒冬こだち
futa-mura ni shichiya ikken fuyu kodachi

for two villages
one pawn shop -
a grove in winter



飛騨山の質屋戸ざしぬ夜半の冬
hidayama no shichiya tozashinu yowa no fuyu

in the Hida mountains
the pawnshop is closed -
midnight in winter

. Yosa Buson 与謝蕪村 in Hida (Gifu) .

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shichiya 質屋 pawn shop

There were many pawn shops in Edo, more than 2700. From an early time on they formed a guild and tried to keep a proper business, not getting into trouble with the Bugyo town authorities.

It was one of the eight important businesses in Edo:
happinshoo 八品商 eight recycle businesses

質屋、古着屋、古着買い、古道具屋，小道具屋，唐物商、古鉄屋，古鉄買い.
The government kept an eye on them, because sometimes the merchandise was stolen.



They all used some kind of common shop sign (kanban), symbolizing two people coming in and a lot of money is made.




. Recycling and Reuse in Edo - リサイクル と　再生　/ 再使用 .


町人に成って侍質屋を出
machibito ni natte samurai shichiya o de

the samurai
left the pawn shop and
became a normal townsperson

Samurai often had to pawn their swords and thus became equal to the normal merchants in the town.



first bonito of the season -
to pawn one's wife for this is
a worthwhile exchange

. katsuo 鰹 bonito .

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- Legends about the shichiya

Kanagawa
Once a poor man asked a fox to turn him into the owner of a sake shop. Then he went to a pawn shop to get some money for the sake. But the pawn shop owner found out when the client licked some oil, saying it was sake. "That must be a fox!" But it was too late, the deal was done and he was quite ashamed of his stupidity.
So the poor man/fox did not have to pay any money back,

Saitama
Once the priest of a temple was in need of money and brought its temple bell 釣り鐘 to the pawn shop. At the town where it was re-sold there was a fire and nobody new why. A fortune-teller found the reason: The temple bell wanted to go back to its temple and hat caused fire to bring attention to itself.

Shizuoka
Once the priest of a temple has lost a lot of money in a dubious deal on a trip and had to bring a Jizo statue from the roadside to the pawn shop to get some money. This Jizo appeared in the dream of a shipping merchant and asked him to buy the statue. When he did so the speed of his trade ships became much faster !

- source : yokai database -


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