29 Jul 2019

KAIDO - Awa Kaido Highway Konpira kaido



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. Kaido 街道 The old highways .
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The old Highways of Shikoku 四国の古街道


source : halex.co.jp/blog/ochi...


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Awa Kaido 阿波街道 Awa Highway

Awa no kuni 阿波国 Awa province, is the old name for the Northern parts of Tokushima prefecture.


source : skr.mlit.go.jp/tokushima/road...

The 阿讃山脈 Sanuki Mountain range lies on the border of 香川県 Kagawa and 徳島県 Tokushima.
There are various tooge 峠 passes for crossing of the highway:
大坂峠 Osaka Toge, 鵜の田尾峠 Unotao Toge, 境目 Sakaime. 猪ノ鼻峠 Inohana Toge.

In the former 讃岐国 Sanuki no Kuni (now Kagawa) the highway was called Awa Kaido.
In Tokushima, the highway was called 讃岐街道 Sanuki Kaido.

In Tokushima on this highway was a town called 阿波町 Awacho, with more than 200 m along the road.
- The modern city of Awa was established on April 1, 2005, from the merger of the former town of Awa, absorbing the town of Ichiba, and the towns of Donari and Yoshino.

In Tadotsu town in Kagawa was the famous Konpira Shrine and the roads for this pilgrimage were called
金毘羅街道 Konpira Kaido / 金毘羅往来 Konpira Orai.
- see below

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. Mingei - Folk Art from Awa 阿波 .

. Awa odori 阿波踊り Awa Dance for O-Bon .


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Konpira Kaido 金毘羅街道 - 金毘羅往来 Konpira Orai.


source : marugame.town-web.net/kaidou...

It comprises various Kaido leading to the famous Shinto Shrine
. Konpira Gu 金刀比羅宮 Konpira, Kompira, Kotohira Shrine .


- reference source : sonae-net.com/chottokoba/1/kaidou... -

Konpira Gokaido 金毘羅五街道 five important highways leading to Konpira
阿波街道 Awa Kaido
伊予街道 Iyo, Kaido / 土佐街道 Tosa Kaido
丸亀街道 Marugame Kaido
多度津街道 Tadotsu Kaido
高松街道 Takamatsu Kaido / Shido Kaido


撫養街道 Muya Kaido
讃岐街道 Sanuki Kaido



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Imabari Kaido 今治街道 Imabari Highway

It leads from Saijō 西条 Saijo along the coast of the 高縄半島 Takanawa Hanto Peninsula to Imabari city, Ehime,
about 90 km.
Saijo was especially active as the entrance city for the mountain pilgrimage to 石鎚山 Ishizuchisan.
西条 Saijo was also very close to 松山市 Matsuyama city.



Imabari is the last station of the しまなみ海道 Shimanami Kaido , about 60 km, from Honshu to Shikoku.
Nishiseto Expressway, often called the Shimanami Kaidō, connecting Onomichi, Hiroshima and Imabari.
- reference -


Shimanami Kaido しまなみ海道 Island-hopping Highway


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Iyo Kaidō 伊予街道 Iyo Highway / 土佐街道 Tosa Kaido

Iyo no Kuni 伊予国 Io province, is the old name of Ehime, capital is Matsuyama.
Tosa no Kuni 土佐国 Tosa province, is the old name of Kochi.



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松山と高知を結ぶ道 A road to connect Matsuyama with Kochi
- Also called 松山街道 Matsuyama Kaido
. Matsuyama city 松山 in Ehime .
The Kaido crossed the pass 三坂峠 Misaka Toge, then via 久万 Kuma and 七鳥 Nanatori into Kochi prefecture.
In Kochi via 池川 Ikegawa, 大崎 Osaki and 佐川 Sakawa to the city of Kochi.

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川之江と高知を結ぶ道 A road to connect Kawanoe with Kochi
- Also called 土佐北街道 Tosa Kita Kaido, Northern Kaido
From Kawanone in Ehime via 新宮、馬立 and the pass 笹ヶ峰峠 to Kochi.
In Kochi via 大豊町立川(たぢかわ)the Tachikawa river in Otoyo、本山町 Motoyama and a few more towns to the castle of Kochi.
This road has been in use since 707 as 北山官道 Kitayama Kando, a road for the local governor.
In the Edo period it was used by the Daimyo of Tosa for the regular visits to Edo.
There was also a shortcut to the Konpira Shrine.

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徳島と高知を結ぶ道 Two roads to connect Tokushima with Kochi

----- 土佐浜街道 Tosa Hama Kaido "Beach Road"
- also called 土佐東街道 Tosa Higashi Kaido, Eastern Kaido
In Tokushima via 立江 Tatsue and 羽ノ浦 Hanoura, crossing the river 那賀川 Nakagawa at 古庄 Furusho, passing 桑野 Kuwano, 由岐 Yuki, 日和佐 Hiwasa and 宍喰浦 Shishikuiura.
In Kochi via 甲浦 Kannoura , 室戸 Muroto, 安芸 Aki, 赤岡 Akaoka and more towns.
Most is the modern national road Nr. 55.

----- 四ツ足峠越えの道 road over the pass Yotsuashi Toge
- -- also called 土佐中街道 Tosa Naka Kaido, Central Kaido
A sea route until 橘 Tachibana, from there along the river 桑野川 Kuwanogawa. From 鷲敷 Wajiki along the river 那賀川 Nakagawa.
After crossing the Yotsuashi Pass to Kochi, along the river 物部川 Monobegawa to 大栃 Odochi, 美良布 Birafu,
山田 Yamada and 後免 Gomen, reaching Kochi.
(Now there is a long tunnel of 1857 m below the pass.)

- quote
... an ancient trade route in Japan that is now mirrored by the modern National Route 33.
It was established during the Yamato period, was then developed into an official highway during the Meiji period, before being renamed the Prefectural Matsuyama-Kōchi Highway (県道松山高地線 Kendō Matsuyama-Kōchi-sen).
On January 18, 1945, it was renamed as National Route 23, before becoming National Route 33 on December 4 of the same year.
The Tosa Domain used a route that connected Kōchi with the modern-day Shikokuchūō sankin kōtai. This route was called the "Old Tosa Kaidō" (旧土佐街道 Kyū-Tosa Kaidō).
- source : wikikpdia

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Nakamura Kaido 中村街道 Nakamura Highway
Fron Kochi (Tosa no kuni) vial the Southern Sea Road to 須崎 Susaki, 窪川 Kubokawa to 中村 Nakamura town.

In Susaki was a turn to the
Yusuhara Kaido 檮原街道 Yusuhara Highway
In Ehime from 北宇和郡鬼北町 Kihoku town in the Kita-Uwa district to the 大洲街道 Ozu Kaido.
Then South to 宇和島 Uwajima.
A lot of 鰹 Katsuo bonito fish from Tosa was transported via this road.

Some say it was the escape road that 坂本龍馬 Sakamoto Ryoma took when leaving his home domaine in 1862.
Dappandoo 脱藩道 Dappan Michi, dappan no michi


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Marugame Kaido 丸亀街道 Marugame Highway

Marugame was a harbour city in Kagawa, reached in the Edo period by pilgrims for the Konpira Shrine / Kotohira Shrine in about 3 long days on a ship from Osaka.
From the harbour it took about 14 km along the Marugame Kaido to the Shrine.


source : jb-honshi.co.jp/kanko/seto...

. Marugame city 丸亀 in Kagawa .
now famous for its Marugame uchiwa 丸亀団扇 hand fans.


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Muya Kaido 撫養街道 Muya Highway
Also called 淡路街道 Awaji Kaido.
Muya is the old name of 鳴門市 Naruto city, Tokushima.



In the Edo period this road was maintained by the Daimyo 藩主蜂須賀家政 Hachisuka Iemasa (1558 - 1639).
It took about 67 km from Muya town via 岡崎 Okazaki to 池田 Ikeda, Tokushima.
The road was mostly used for the transportation of indigo, salt, tobacco leaves and lumber.
Pilgrims of the Shikoku Henro tour could get of at the harbour of Okazaki
The town of 撫養町 Muya now belongs to 鳴門市 Naruto city.
Muya was a connected by a sea route to 淡路島 Awaji Island and the harbour towns of 福良 Fukura, 洲本 Sumoto and 由良 Yuura and then again by sea to 紀伊 Kii (Wakayama).

Kawakita (Muya) Kaido 川北(撫養)街道
To the West of Mura Kaido, along the northern shore of the river 吉野川 Yoshinogawa and leading to Ikeda.


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Sanuki Kaido 讃岐街道 Sanuki Highway

From Marugame in Sanuki no Kuni along the Northern Shore of Shikoku via 観音寺 Kannonji, 川之江 Kawanoe,
新居浜 Niihama to 小松 Komatsu (now 現西条市 Saijo city).
Saijo was especially active as the entrance city for the mountain pilgrimage to 石鎚山 Ishizuchisan.
西条 Saijo was also very close to 松山市 Matsuyama city.


source : james1964.exblog.jp...


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Tadotsu Kaido 多度津街道 Tadotsu Highway



The Kaido leads from Tadotsu city, Kagawa, to the famous Konpira shrine.
The roads for this pilgrimage were called
金毘羅街道 Konpira Kaido / 金毘羅往来 Konpira Orai.

The martial art of Shorinji Kempo (少林寺拳法) was founded in 1947 by 宗道臣 So Doshin
at the temple Dōryū-ji 道隆寺 Doryu-Ji in Tadotsu.
The temple is Nr. 77 of the Shikoku Henro Pilgrimage.


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Takamatsu Kaido 高松街道 Takamatsu Highway



Leading from Takamatsu, Kagawa, to the Konpira Shrine. Almost a straight line of about 32 km.


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. Shikoku Henro Pilgrimage 四国遍路 .
Connecting 88 temples in the four prefectures of Shikoku.




. Shido Kaido 志度街道 Shido Highway / 志度道 Shido Michi .
Higashi Sanuki Hama Kaido 東讃浜街道
Hama Kaido 浜街道 Road along the Beach. Now Route 11 国道11号.
From Takamatsu along the beach, passing Shido Town, leading to the Henro temple Shidodera 志度寺 in Kagawa.


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. Legends and Tales from Japan 伝説 - Introduction .

byoonin batake 病人畑 field of ill people
Along the old Awa Kaido there is a very low-lying area, which had a bad reputation of bringing disaster to its owner.
A man had used it for farming but now it is not used any more. Only reeds are growing here. now.


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- reference : nichibun yokai database -

. Edo, Tokyo 江戸 - 東京 - 伝説 Legends Index .


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. kaidoo 街道と伝説 Legends about the old Kaido highways .

. Kaido 街道 Highways - ABC Index .

. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo 江戸の名所 .

. Edo bakufu 江戸幕府 The Edo Government .

. Doing Business in Edo - 商売 - Introduction .

. shokunin 職人 craftsman, craftsmen, artisan, Handwerker .

. senryu, senryū 川柳 Senryu poems in Edo .

. Japanese Architecture - The Japanese Home .

. Interior Design - The Japanese Home .

. Legends and Tales from Japan 伝説 - Introduction .


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[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]
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Posted By Gabi Greve to Edo - the EDOPEDIA - on 7/06/2019 01:05:00 pm

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KAIDO - Oyama kaido Futago Kaido


Edo - the EDOPEDIA -


Oyama Kaido Highway

Posted: 27 Jul 2019 10:26 PM PDT

[ . BACK to DARUMA MUSEUM TOP . ]
. Kaido 街道 The old highways .
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Oyama Kaido 大山街道 Oyama Highway
- and
Futago Kaido 二子街道 Futago Highway



Oyama Kaido was a favorite pilgrim road to
. 大山の不動様 Oyama no Fudo Son .

- - - - - Shrine Oyama Afuri Jinja 大山阿夫利神社

- reference source : Homepage afuri .or .jp -


There were two Oyama Kaido leading out of Edo, dividing at Sangen-jaya.
The Old Oyama Kaido is now called Tamagawa-doori 玉川通り Tamagawa-Dori.


source : sangendyaya.co.jp

. Sangenjaya 三軒茶屋 Sangen-jaya, "three tea stalls" .
Setagaya, Tokyo

Under the un-auspicious name of "tea stall", a lot of extra entertainment was available in Edo.
Along the public roads to the countryside, there were many Chaya for travellers to rest.

- - - - The three tea shops were
Ishibashi-ya 石橋屋 - originally 信楽 Shigaraki
Kado-ya 角屋 and Tanaka-ya 田中屋


They were located at the beginning of two highways out of Edo,
大山街道 Oyama Kaido and 二子街道 Futago Kaido.

The Oyama Kaido is also known as
厚木街道 Atsugi Kaido and 矢倉沢往還 Yagurazawa Okan
The Yagurazawa Okan crossed the 足柄峠 Ashigara Toge and went on 駿河国沼津宿 the Numazu postal station of the Tokaido in Suruga (Shizuoka).
足柄道 Ashigara Do - 足柄路 Ashigara Ji
Already mentioned in poems of the 万葉集 Manyoshu Waka poetry collection.



Oyama Kaido starts at the Akasaka Mon Gate 赤坂門 in Edo.
The main postal stations were:
1 三軒茶屋 Sangenjaya
2 溝口 Mizoguchi
3 荏田 Eda
4 長津田 Nagatsuta
5 下鶴間 Shimotsuruma
6 国分 Kokubun
7 厚木 Atsugi
8 伊勢原 Isehara
- 大山阿夫利神社 Afuri Jinja



There are 19 more side-roads of the Oyama Kaido
- wikipedia -

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The Oyama Kaido is still very popular and there is a stamp rally from Futago to Oyama.



from 二子→荏田→長塚→下鶴間宿→国分宿→厚木宿→糟屋宿→伊勢原宿→大山

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The Futago Kaido
Futago Tamagawa 二子玉川 was famous for

. Tamagawa Daishi 玉川大師 - temple Gyokushin Mitsuin .

The postal station Futago Juku was at Kawasaki
神奈川県川崎市高津区二子 / Futako, Futago, Takatsu Ward, Kawasaki, Kanagawa
Futago no Watashi、Futako 二子の渡し river crossing over the Tamagawa


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. Legends and Tales from Japan 伝説 - Introduction .

................................................................................. Kanagawa 神奈川県
大和市 Yamato city

Kappa カッパ the Water Goblin
Palanquin carriers carried a Samurai along 大山街道 the Oyama Kaido Highway from the bridge 間門橋 / 馬門橋 Makadobashi toward Fujizawa, but when they arrived, there was nobody in the palanquin.
When carrying a beautiful lady form Fujizawa toward the river 間門川 Makadogawa, she disappeared.
The 駕籠屋 palanquin carriers had a meeting and decided to drive out the Kappa who caused all this trouble!

. Kappa 河童 / かっぱ / カッパ - Kappa, the Water Goblin .

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- reference : nichibun yokai database -

. Edo, Tokyo 江戸 - 東京 - 伝説 Legends Index .


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- - - To join me on facebook, click the image !

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

. kaidoo 街道と伝説 Legends about the old Kaido highways .

. Kaido 街道 Highways - ABC Index .

. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo 江戸の名所 .

. Edo bakufu 江戸幕府 The Edo Government .

. Doing Business in Edo - 商売 - Introduction .

. shokunin 職人 craftsman, craftsmen, artisan, Handwerker .

. senryu, senryū 川柳 Senryu poems in Edo .

. Japanese Architecture - The Japanese Home .

. Interior Design - The Japanese Home .

. Legends and Tales from Japan 伝説 - Introduction .


[ . BACK to DARUMA MUSEUM TOP . ]
[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]
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25 Jul 2019

EDO - Oshu Kaido Highway


[ . BACK to DARUMA MUSEUM TOP . ]
. Kaido 街道 The old highways - Index.
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Ōshū Kaidō 奥州街道 Oshu Kaido
connecting Edo with the Mutsu Province in Tohoku
and then further North up to Hokkaido


- The first 27 stations of the Ōshū Kaidō

- quote -
... one of the five routes of the Edo period. It was built to connect Edo (modern-day Tokyo) with Mutsu Province and the present-day city of Shirakawa, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan. It was established by Tokugawa Ieyasu for government officials traveling through the area.
- Subroutes
In addition to the established use of traveling from Edo to Mutsu Province, there were also many roads that connected from the Ōshū Kaidō. One such sub-route was the Sendaidō (仙台道), which connected Mutsu Province with Sendai. The terminus for the Sendaidō is in Aoba-ku in modern Sendai. From there, the Matsumaedō (松前道) connected Sendai with Hakodate, Hokkaidō.
Though the Ōshū Kaidō has only 27 post stations, there were over 100 designated post stations when the subroutes are included.
- reference : wikipedia -

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Tokyo : Starting Point: Nihonbashi 日本橋
1. Senju-shuku (千住宿) (Adachi-ku)

Saitama Prefecture
2. Sōka-shuku (草加宿) (Sōka)
3. Koshigaya-shuku (越ヶ谷宿) (Koshigaya)
4. Kasukabe-shuku (粕壁宿) (Kasukabe)
5. Sugito-shuku (杉戸宿) (Sugito, Kitakatsushika District)
6. Satte-shuku (幸手宿) (Satte)
7. Kurihashi-shuku (栗橋宿) (Kuki)

Ibaraki Prefecture
8. Nakada-shuku (中田宿) (Koga)
9. Koga-shuku (古河宿) (Koga)

Tochigi Prefecture
10. Nogi-shuku (野木宿) (Nogi, Shimotsuga District)
11. Mamada-shuku (間々田宿) (Oyama)
12. Oyama-shuku (小山宿) (Oyama)
13. Shinden-shuku (新田宿) (Oyama)
14. Koganei-shuku (小金井宿) (Shimotsuke)
15. Ishibashi-shuku (石橋宿) (Shimotsuke)
16. Suzumenomiya-shuku (雀宮宿) (Utsunomiya)
17. Utsunomiya-shuku (宇都宮宿) (Utsunomiya)
18. Shirosawa-shuku (白澤宿) (Utsunomiya)
19. Ujiie-shuku (氏家宿) (Sakura)
20. Kitsuregawa-shuku (喜連川宿) (Sakura)
21. Sakuyama-shuku (佐久山宿) (Ōtawara)
o Yagisawa-shuku (八木沢宿) (Ōtawara) (ai no shuku)
22. Ōtawara-shuku (大田原宿) (Ōtawara)
23. Nabekake-shuku (鍋掛宿) (Nasushiobara)
24. Koebori-shuku (越堀宿) (Nasushiobara)
o Terago-shuku (寺子宿) (Nasushiobara) (ai no shuku)
25. Ashino-shuku (芦野宿) (Nasu, Nasu District)
o Tani-shuku (谷宿) (Nasu, Nasu District) (ai no shuku)
o Yorii-shuku (寄居宿) (Nasu, Nasu District) (ai no shuku)



Fukushima Prefecture
26. Shirosaka-shuku (白坂宿) (Shirakawa)
27. Shirakawa-shuku (白川宿) (Shirakawa)
28. Neda 根田宿
29. Odagawa 小田川宿
30. Otagawa 太田川宿
31. Fumase 踏瀬宿
32. Owagu 大和久宿
33. Nakahatashinden 中畑新田宿
34. Yabuki 矢吹宿
35. Kyuraishi 久来石宿
36. Kasaishi 笠石宿
37. Sukagawa 須賀川宿
38. Sasagawa 笹川宿
39. Hidenoyama 日出山宿

40. Koharada 小原田宿
41. Koriyama 郡山宿
42. Fukuhara 福原宿
43. Hiwada 日和田宿
44. Takakura 高倉宿
45. Motomiya 本宮宿
46. Minamisugita 南杉田宿
47. Kitasugita 北杉田宿
48. Nihonmatsu 二本松宿
49. Nihonyanagi 二本柳宿

50. Hachome 八丁目宿
51. Wakamiya 若宮宿
52. Shimizumachi 清水町宿
53. Fukushima 福島宿
54. Senoue 瀬上宿
55. Kori 桑折宿
56. Fujita 藤田宿
57. Kaida 貝田宿

Miyagi prefecture
58. Kosugo 越河宿
59. Saikawa 斎川宿
60. Shiroishi 白石宿
61. Miya 宮宿
62. Kanagase 金ヶ瀬宿
63. Ogawara 大河原宿
64. Funabasama 船迫宿
65. Tsukinoki 槻木宿
66. Iwanuma 岩沼宿
67. Masuda 増田宿
68. Nakada 中田宿
69. Nagamachi 長町宿

70. Sendai 仙台宿
71. Nanakita 七北田宿
72. Tomiya 富谷宿
73. Yoshioka 吉岡宿
74. Sanbongi 三本木宿
75. Furukawa 古川宿
76. Araya 荒谷宿
77. Takashimizu 高清水宿
78. Tsukidate 築館宿
79. Miyano 宮野宿

80. Sawabe 沢辺宿
81. Kannari 金成宿
82. Arikabe 有壁宿

Iwate prefecture
83. Ichinoseki 一関宿
84. Yamanome 山目宿
85. Maesawa 前沢宿
86. Mizusawa 水沢宿
87. Kanegasaki 金ヶ崎宿
88. Oniyanagi 鬼柳宿
89. Kurosawajiri 黒沢尻宿

90. Hanamaki 花巻宿
91. Ishidoriya 石鳥谷宿
92. Hizume Koriyama 日詰郡山宿
93. Morioka 盛岡宿
94. Shibutami 渋民宿
95. Numakunai 沼宮内宿
96. Ichinohe 一戸宿
97. Fukuoka 福岡宿
98. Kintaichi 金田一宿

. Aomori prefecture - Stations 99 - 112.
099. 三戸宿 - Sannohe
100. 浅水宿 - Asami
101. 五戸宿 - Gonohe
102. 伝法寺宿 - Denboji
103. 藤島宿 - Fujishima
104. 七戸宿 - Shichinohe
105. 野辺地宿 - Noheji
106. 馬門宿 - Makado
107. 小湊宿 - Kominato -- start of Tsugaru district
108. 野内宿 - Nouchi
109. 青森宿 - Aomori
110. 油川宿 - Aburakawa
111. 平舘宿 - Tairadate
112. 三厩宿 - Minmaya -- end of Tsugaru district

Hokkaido
. 113.Matsumae 松前宿 .
114. Hakodate 箱館宿
- . Takadaya Kahei 高田屋嘉兵衛 .
- the founder of Hakodate

.......................................................................


. Sendaidoo 仙台道 Sendaidō, Sendaido Highway .
from the above postal station
27. Shirakawa 白川宿 to 70. Sendai 仙台宿.


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Matsuo Basho松尾芭蕉 travelled along this highway on his famous travel

. Oku no Hosomichi - 奥の細道 - おくのほそ道 .
The Narrow Road to the Deep North



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. Legends and Tales from Japan 伝説 - Introduction .

................................................................................. Miyagi 宮城県
柴田町 Shibata town

koromo no seki 衣ノ関 the gate of the robe (of Ono no Komachi)
Along the old Oshu Kaido near the iron bridge over the river Shiroishigawa 白石川鉄橋 there is 一本の老松 an old pine. North of it is the temple 東禅寺 Tozen-Ji with the remains of the "Gate of the Robe". The mountain name of the temple is 衣関山.
In the temple are relics related to Ono no Komachi in 観音堂 the Kannon Hall.
The pine is also called 小野小町手掛松.
The tree has been cut down around 1700, because it was a problem for the people traveling here. But the man who used the ax to cut the tree died in no time.
The priest of the temple also turned crazy and died soon afterwards.

. Ono no Komachi 小野 小町 .
c. 825 — c. 900. Waka Poetess and Famous Beauty - and more legends

Now the river bank is know for its 1000 cherry trees.

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- reference : nichibun yokai database -

. Edo, Tokyo 江戸 - 東京 - 伝説 Legends Index .


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:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

. Kaido 街道 The old highways .


. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo 江戸の名所 .

. Edo bakufu 江戸幕府 The Edo Government .

. Doing Business in Edo - 商売 - Introduction .

. shokunin 職人 craftsman, craftsmen, artisan, Handwerker .

. senryu, senryū 川柳 Senryu poems in Edo .

. Japanese Architecture - The Japanese Home .

. Interior Design - The Japanese Home .

. Legends and Tales from Japan 伝説 - Introduction .


[ . BACK to DARUMA MUSEUM TOP . ]
[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]
- - - - - #oshukaido #mutsunokuni - - - -
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Posted By Gabi Greve to Edo - the EDOPEDIA - on 7/03/2019 09:36:00 am

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EDO - Aomori Kaido Highway


[ . BACK to DARUMA MUSEUM TOP . ]
. Kaido 街道 the old highways .
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Aomori no Kaido 青森の街道 Highways of Aomori prefecture



This includes various highways, some only connecting places in Aomori, others passing through.

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source : uraken.net/chimei...

青森県の旧街道と宿場町名 Old map of the Kaido and postal stations of Aomori
- a source with more details

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八戸街道 Hachinohe Kaido



The starting point is 八戸城 the castle of Hachinohe,
connecting the castle with three other highways:

nobori kaido 登り街道 "upward Kaido"
from Hachinohe in Aomori going South to Ninohe, Fukuoka in Iwate
青森県八戸市 - 岩手県二戸市福岡

Sannohe Kaido 三戸街道
from Hachinohe Castle to 奥州街道三戸宿 the postal station Sannohe of the Oshu Kaido.

Kuji Kaido 久慈街道
from Hachonohe Castle to 岩手県久慈市 Kuji city in Iwate (former 九戸郡大川目村 Kunohe district, Okawame village).
It was a steep mountain road via 鍛冶町 Kajimachi, 田代 Tashiro, 大野 Ono, 夏井 Itsuki and 八日町 Yokamachi over the mountains to 久慈代官所 the magistrates office in Kuji.
Kuji is now located in Iwate.
...The area of present-day Kuji was part of ancient Mutsu Province.
... From the Kamakura period, the area came under the control of the Nanbu clan, and during the Edo period, was part of Hachinohe Domain under the Tokugawa shogunate. The area was noted for its production of ironsand, essential in the production of Japanese swords.
------ Mutsu Province (陸奥国 Mutsu no kuni) was an old province of Japan in the area of Fukushima, Miyagi, Iwate and Aomori Prefectures and the municipalities of Kazuno and Kosaka in Akita Prefecture.
Mutsu Province is also known as Ōshū (奥州) or Michinoku (陸奥 or 道奥). The term Ōu (奥羽) Ou is often used to refer to the combined area of Mutsu and the neighboring province Dewa, which together make up the entire Tōhoku region.
..... In 1095, the Ōshū Fujiwara clan settled at Hiraizumi,
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !


- quote -
Hachinohe city 八戸市
... the second biggest city of Aomori prefecture.
... The area around Hachinohe has been occupied since prehistoric times,...
... During the Edo period, it was initially part of Morioka Domain, but in 1664 the Tokugawa shogunate authorized the creation of a separate 20,000 koku Hachinohe Domain for a junior line of the Nanbu clan. The town prospered as a castle town centered on Hachinohe Castle, and served as a small commercial centre and port for the fishing grounds off southeastern Hokkaido.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !


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弘前街道 Hirosaki Kaido
弘前市 Hirosaki city, 平川市 Hirakawa city, 黒石市 Kuroishi city and 南津軽郡 Minami-Tsugaru district (South).

- quote -
Hirosaki is a city located in western Aomori Prefecture,
... Hirosaki developed as a castle town for the 100,000 koku Hirosaki Domain ruled by the Tsugaru clan.
... During the Sengoku period a local retainer of the Nambu, Ōura Tamenobu, declared his independence (1571) and seized local castles. He pledged fealty to Toyotomi Hideyoshi at the Battle of Odawara in 1590, and was confirmed in his holdings with revenues of 45,000 koku. He also changed his name to "Tsugaru". After siding with Tokugawa Ieyasu at the Battle of Sekigahara, he was re-confirmed in his holdings with a nominal kokudaka of 47,000 koku and he began construction of a castle in Takaoka (present-day Hirosaki). This marked the start of Hirosaki Domain under the Tokugawa shogunate.
His successor, Tsugaru Nobuhira, completed the castle in 1611, but its massive 5-storey donjon was lost to lightning in 1627.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !


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. Ōshū Kaidō 奥州街道 Oshu Kaido .
connecting Edo with the Mutsu Province in Tohoku, then on to Hokkaido.
In Aomori the postal stations from 99 to 112 are located :

099. 三戸宿 - Sannohe
100. 浅水宿 - Asami
101. 五戸宿 - Gonohe
102. 伝法寺宿 - Denboji
103. 藤島宿 - Fujishima
104. 七戸宿 - Shichinohe
105. 野辺地宿 - Noheji
106. 馬門宿 - Makado
107. 小湊宿 - Kominato -- start of Tsugaru district
108. 野内宿 - Nouchi
109. 青森宿 - Aomori
110. 油川宿 - Aburakawa
111. 平舘宿 - Tairadate
112. 三厩宿 - Minmaya -- end of Tsugaru district



. Yoshitsune Temple Gikeiji at Minmaya 義経寺 三厩村 .


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Shimokita Hanto 下北半島, Shimokita-hantō - Shimokita Peninsula


source : uraken.net/chimei...


- 下北上北街道 Shimokita Kamikita Kaido

むつ市 Mutsu city, 大間町 Oma town, 風間浦村 Kazamaura village, 佐井村 Sai village, 東通村 Higashidori village,  
上北地区 Kamikita area:
横浜町 Yokohama town, 六ヶ所村 Rokkasho village, 三沢市 Misawa city, おいらせ町 Oirase town, 六戸町 Hachinohe, 七戸町 Shichinohe, 十和田市 Towada city, 東北町 Tohoku town, 上北町 Kamikita town, 野辺地町 Noheji town.

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津軽街道 Tsugaru Kaido

五所川原市 Goshogawara city, つがる市 Tsugaru city, 西津軽郡 Nishi-Tsugaru district (West) and 北津軽郡 Kita-Tsugaru district (North)


. 津軽弘法大師霊場 Kobo Daishi Pilgrims in Tsugaru .

- - - - -

????? This Kaido has also been called
鹿角街道(かづのかいどう)Kazuno Kaido,
This Kaido went from Morioka (Iwate) via 八幡平市 Hachimantai to Kazuno city in Akita.
-- 明治以降、岩手県側では、この鹿角街道のことを「津軽街道」と呼び、現在の鹿角街道は、福岡(二戸市)から浄法寺を経て荒屋の曲田で本道へ合流する道筋「浄法寺街道」を呼び、
江戸期の鹿角街道とは異なる。
- reference source : wikipedia -


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. Legends and Tales from Japan 伝説 - Introduction .

................................................................................. Aomori 青森県
三戸郡 Sannohe 南郷村 Nango mura village

. A fox called オバフトコロ Obafutokoro. .
and kurosato 黒砂糖 brown sugar

Hachinohe also has some legends about foxes.

.......................................................................
是川村 Korekawa village

At the junction of the road from Hachinohe to Korekawa village there is a memorial for 庚申 the Koshin deity.
Some people see it, others do not. They are bewitched by a fox.


.......................................................................
三戸郡 Sannohe district 南郷村 Nango village

On the way back home from Hachinohe, a fox had stolen the load of fish in his backpack.
Another fox had imitated the sound of rain and made a man unload his luggage in a dry place, from where it later disappeared.
- - - - -
The horse leader 仁太郎 Nintaro was on his way home from Hachinohe, when he met a fox. The fox said in a human voice:
"I am the father of Nintaro, so please give me some fish!"
- - - - -
Around 1900, a man was on his way home from the the famous Hachinohe festival, when he was tricked by a fox. He saw the buckwheat field as a river and wanted to cross this river, shouting "Whow, this is deep, this river is so deep!".
Eventually he came to his senses and found the way home.


source : 八戸三社大祭
. Hachinohe Sansha Taisai 八戸三社大祭 Big Festival .

.......................................................................
七戸町 Shichinohe town

On ヤマコシロ Mount Yamakoshiro in 倉岡 Kuraoka is a place where the local foxes come together. They seem to perform 源平八嶋の合戦 the legend of the Genpei fight at Yashima island war a long time ago.
On a rainy night they seem to perform special plays.
The foxes are known as 鶴ノ児平のツンコ Shinko、長下平のナンコ Nanko、洞内の館のアンコ Anko、三本木平のサンコ Sanko、千歳社のセンコ Senko、赤沼きっくり沢のキンコ Kinko、蒲ノ沢のガンコ Ganko.
Shinko, Nanko and Sanko are especially famous and must have performed a lot of wicked deeds.


................................................................................. Iwate 岩手県

九戸郡 Kunohe 軽米町 Karumai town
If one walks along the Hachinohe Kaido and gives some fish to the fox on the road, he will not be bewitched.
If one does not give any fish, back home the backpack basket will be filled with bafun 馬糞 horse manure.


. kitsune densetsu 狐と伝説 fox legends .

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- reference : nichibun yokai database -


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:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

. Kaido 街道 the old highways .

. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo 江戸の名所 .

. Edo bakufu 江戸幕府 The Edo Government .

. Doing Business in Edo - 商売 - Introduction .

. shokunin 職人 craftsman, craftsmen, artisan, Handwerker .

. senryu, senryū 川柳 Senryu poems in Edo .

. Japanese Architecture - The Japanese Home .

. Interior Design - The Japanese Home .

. Legends and Tales from Japan 伝説 - Introduction .


[ . BACK to DARUMA MUSEUM TOP . ]
[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]
- - - - - #aomorikaido #kaidoaomori - - - -

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Posted By Gabi Greve to Edo - the EDOPEDIA - on 7/02/2019 02:05:00 pm

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EDO hidehira kaido, aramakiyama kaido



Edo - the EDOPEDIA -


Aramakiyama Kaido Highway

Posted: 23 Jul 2019 10:00 PM PDT

[ . BACK to DARUMA MUSEUM TOP . ]
. Kaido 街道 The old highways .
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Aramakiyama Kaido 荒巻山街道 Aramakiyama Highway
Miyagi 宮城県
Aramaki is a town in 仙台 青葉区 Sendai city, Aoba ward.

Near the park 水の森公園 Mizu no Mori Koen there is a road the locals call
秀衡街道 Hidehira Kaido.
Along the river 高柳川 Takayanagigawa is a bridge and on its side a stone memorial.
The old road then tunrs East along the river 七北田川 Nanakitagawa. There is a small shrine at the side.
Around here parts of the old highway have been found during excavations in 1990.
The are used to be
71. Nanakita 七北田宿 postal station on the Oshu Kaido.
Near the temple 洞雲寺 Toun-Ji. Old records mention a rod from there leading to the old highway 中山古海道 Nakayama Kokaido.
Near the temple 北山寂光寺 Kitayama Jako-Ji is a Shrine for the deity 荒巻明神 Aramaki Myojin in the compound of the Shrine Atagosha 愛宕社内荒巻明神.

In the town of 半子町(はんこまち)Hanko Machi there is also a highway called
芋沢街道 Imozawa Kaido.

The pass 国見峠 Kunimi Toge is on the border of Sendai city and 宮城町 Miyagimachi town, about 220 m high.
Imozawa is a district in Miyagimachi and was an important postal station for changing horses.
Along the old highway were statues of 馬頭観世音 Bato Kannon with a Horse-Head.

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Hidehira Kaido 秀衡街道 Hidehira Highway
秀衡道 Hidehira Michi
Ogon no Michi 黄金の道 the Gold Road


. Fujiwara no Hidehira 藤原秀衡 (1122 - 1187) .
From 北上市 Kitakami city in Iwate via the town of 西和賀町 Nishiwaga to 横手市 Yokote city in Akita.


source : nishiwata town







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Sendaidoo 仙台道 Sendaidō, Sendaido Highway

Part of the
. Ōshū Kaidō 奥州街道 Oshu Kaido highway .
connecting Edo with the Mutsu Province in Tohoku
and then further North up to Hokkaido

Established in the early Edo period to connect the city of Sendai with Shirakawa in Fukushima.
About 172 km long with 43 postal stations along the road.


- reference source : youjirouwalk.arrow.jp/sendai_walk... -

Fukushima Prefecture
27. Shirakawa-shuku (白川宿) (Shirakawa)
28. Neda 根田宿
29. Odagawa 小田川宿
30. Otagawa 太田川宿
31. Fumase 踏瀬宿
32. Owagu 大和久宿
33. Nakahatashinden 中畑新田宿
34. Yabuki 矢吹宿
35. Kyuraishi 久来石宿
36. Kasaishi 笠石宿
37. Sukagawa 須賀川宿
38. Sasagawa 笹川宿
39. Hidenoyama 日出山宿

40. Koharada 小原田宿
41. Koriyama 郡山宿
42. Fukuhara 福原宿
43. Hiwada 日和田宿
44. Takakura 高倉宿
45. Motomiya 本宮宿
46. Minamisugita 南杉田宿
47. Kitasugita 北杉田宿
48. Nihonmatsu 二本松宿
49. Nihonyanagi 二本柳宿

50. Hachome 八丁目宿
51. Wakamiya 若宮宿
52. Shimizumachi 清水町宿
53. Fukushima 福島宿
54. Senoue 瀬上宿
55. Kori 桑折宿
56. Fujita 藤田宿
57. Kaida 貝田宿

Miyagi prefecture
58. Kosugo 越河宿
59. Saikawa 斎川宿
60. Shiroishi 白石宿
61. Miya 宮宿
62. Kanagase 金ヶ瀬宿
63. Ogawara 大河原宿
64. Funabasama 船迫宿
65. Tsukinoki 槻木宿
66. Iwanuma 岩沼宿
67. Masuda 増田宿
68. Nakada 中田宿
69. Nagamachi 長町宿
70. Sendai 仙台宿


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. Legends and Tales from Japan 伝説 - Introduction .

................................................................................. Miyagi 宮城県
仙台市 Sendai 青葉区 Aoba ward

Aramaki no Monju 荒巻の文殊 Aramaki no Monju
In the village 相馬中村 Soma Nakamura lived a yamabushi 山伏 mountain priest called 佐藤八大院長秀 Sato Nagahide. Together with his younger brother 甚次郎定次 he killed the enemy who had killed their father, at the pass 果無し峠 Hatenashi Toge.
Then they went to Sendai and became retainers of 伊達政宗 Lord Date Masamune.
One day they had a dream that a statue of Monju Bosatsu was lying deep down in a riverpool.
They found the statue and built a hall on a mountain near the Aramakiyama Kaido
In former times girls used to make a pilgrimage here when they were 13 years of age, to pray for wisdom.

. Monju Bosatsu 文殊菩薩 Manjushri - Mañjuśrī .

. juusanmairi 十三参り Temple visit for 13 years .

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- reference : nichibun yokai database -

. Edo, Tokyo 江戸 - 東京 - 伝説 Legends Index .


::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::



- - - To join me on facebook, click the image !

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

. kaidoo 街道と伝説 Legends about the old Kaido highways .

. Kaido 街道 The old highways .

. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo 江戸の名所 .

. Edo bakufu 江戸幕府 The Edo Government .

. Doing Business in Edo - 商売 - Introduction .

. shokunin 職人 craftsman, craftsmen, artisan, Handwerker .

. senryu, senryū 川柳 Senryu poems in Edo .

. Japanese Architecture - The Japanese Home .

. Interior Design - The Japanese Home .

. Legends and Tales from Japan 伝説 - Introduction .


[ . BACK to DARUMA MUSEUM TOP . ]
[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]
- - - - - #Aramakiyama #sendai #hidehirakaido #imozawa #imozawakaido #sendaido #monju - - - -
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EDo - Ome Kaido Highway


[ . BACK to DARUMA MUSEUM TOP . ]
. Kaido 街道 The old highways .
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Ome Kaido, Ōmekaidō, Ōme 青梅街道 Ome Kaido

Amanuma is located in the center of Suginami ward. The main street is 天沼本通り Ananuma Hondori.
In the West is the old 青梅街道 Ome Kaido Road. This road was used to transport sekkai 石灰 lime for the construction of the Edo castle. The road goes on to Kofu in Yamanashi.

. Amanuma district 天沼 "heavenly swamp" - Suginami .

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Oome, Ōme 青梅 / おうめ Ome town
Ome means "Green Ume", a kind of plum tree known as Japanese Apricot.
Ōme is located in the Okutama Mountains of western Tokyo, bordered by Saitama Prefecture to the north.The river Tamagawa flows through the city.
The name Ome comes from just one plum tree.
It had fruit which stayed green until autumn and never changed color.
People thought this very strange and called the tree
"green plum tree" - ao ume 青梅, soon shortened to Ome.

Ome is an important postal station of the
青梅街道 Ome kaido highway from Shinjuku to Kofu.



It was a sort of shortcut to 甲府 Kofu in Yamanashi and often called the
甲州裏街道 Koshu Ura Kaido .
First only used for the transportation of lime to Edo, it soon turned into a busy road for all kinds of merchandise.
Now it is one of the modern "emergency access roads", kept open for ambulances, fire trucks, and police vehicles during national and Tokyo emergencies.


Postal stations along the Ome Kaido

in Tokyo

Nakano 中野宿
Tanashi 田無宿
Ogawa 小川宿
Hakonegasaki 箱根ヶ崎宿
Ome 青梅宿
Hikawa 氷川宿



in Yamanashi
Tabayama 丹波宿
Enzan 塩山宿
Obara 小原宿




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. Legends and Tales from Japan 伝説 - Introduction .

................................................................................. Tokyo, Amanuma

kootsuu jikoo 交通事故 traffic accident
Once upon a time a woman was killed in a traffic accident on the crossroads of the Ome Kaido.
A little later a woman in a white robe (as dead people are dressed for a funeral) appeared at the gas station and waved for a taxi.
When the taxi driver reached the destination, he looked at the back seat but there was nobody, only the seat was rather wet.


................................................................................. Tokyo, Ome 青梅市

. hakuro 白狼 white wolf and hakuroku 白鹿 white deer .
and 日本武尊 Yamato Takeru / 御嶽山 Mitakesan

- - - - -

. tanuki 狸 racoon dog, badger legends .
A Tanuki hanging out in Ome city bewitched a priest who had painted a shirasagi 白鷺 white heron. But when he came to his senses, the painting was gone.

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- reference : nichibun yokai database -


. Edo, Tokyo 江戸 - 東京 - 伝説 Legends Index .


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. Kaido 街道 The old highways .

. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo 江戸の名所 .

. Edo bakufu 江戸幕府 The Edo Government .

. Doing Business in Edo - 商売 - Introduction .

. shokunin 職人 craftsman, craftsmen, artisan, Handwerker .

. senryu, senryū 川柳 Senryu poems in Edo .

. Japanese Architecture - The Japanese Home .

. Interior Design - The Japanese Home .

. Legends and Tales from Japan 伝説 - Introduction .


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Posted By Gabi Greve to Edo - the EDOPEDIA - on 7/04/2019 09:38:00 am

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15 Jul 2019

GOKURAKU - Hannya Shingyo Sutra


[ . BACK to DARUMA MUSEUM TOP . ]
. Japan - Shrines and Temples - Index .
. Japanese Legends - 伝説 民話 昔話 – ABC-List .
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Hannya Shingyoo 般若心経 Hanya Shingyo Heart Sutra
(はんにゃしんぎょう)

Each letter of the Hanya Sutra is a Buddha in itself.




. 般若心経 Hannya Shinkyo, Hannya Shingyo, Hanya Shinkyo, Hanya shingyo .
- Introduction -

. o-kyoo お経 O-Kyo Sutras .
kigo and Haiku - shakyoo 写経 Shakyo, copying Sutras

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Tenkooji 天光寺 Tenko-Ji
東京都西多摩郡檜原村字本宿801-2 //Motoshuku, Hinohara, Nishitama District, Tokyo


yakuyoke, mayoke 厄除け . 魔除け with Fudo Myo-O 不動尊札
Fudo Myo-O holds the goma no ken 降魔の剣 sword of conquering evil.
So his amulet is especially helpful.
On the back is a script of the Hanya Shikyo Sutra 般若心経.

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. Japanese Legends - 伝説 民話 昔話 – ABC-List .

This Sutra is often recited if someone is bewitched or possessed by a fox or Tanuki.

. kitsune densetsu 狐と伝説 fox legends キツネ .

. tanuki 狸 - mujina 狢 - racoon dog, badger legends .

. kori 狐狸と伝説 Legends about fox and Tanuki badger .

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................................................................................. Ehime 愛媛県 
.......................................................................
伊予市 Iyo city

ame no hi 雨の日 a rainy day
Once the road to a temple in Iyo had a landslide and one woman had died in the disaster.
Later another group of women passed this road on a rainy day and suddenly one of them flet her umbrella to become very heavy. She stabbed it with her tsue 杖 walking staff and it became light again, but soon afterwards, it felt heavy. That evening all the women recited the Heart Sutra many times and the woman felt much better.




................................................................................. Hiroshima 広島県 
.......................................................................
宮島町 Miyajima town

. ayakashi あやかし something suspicious .
山の神 the voice of Yamanokami




................................................................................. Kagawa 香川県 
.......................................................................
山本町 Yamamoto cho town

. kanashibari カナシバリ / 金縛り "bound in metal" - unable to move .
bewitched by a fox or badger




................................................................................. Nara 奈良県 
.......................................................................
吉野郡 Yoshino district

. En-no-Gyôja 役行者 En no Gyoja . The Founder of Shugendo
shoojinbutsu 生身仏 a living Buddha
When En no Gyoja was still practising austerities, he climbed 金峰山 Mount Kinpusen in Yoshino and hoped to find a honzon 本尊 Main Deity.
He recited the Heart Sutra for 17 days, when 地蔵菩薩 Jizo Bosatsu showed up. Jizo is a Bosatsu with a most merciful gentle face, but En no Gyoja thought that was not what he needed to bring peace to the world and threw the statue down the valley to the West. This Jizo flew all the way to 大山 Mount Daisen in Tottori and became the honzon 本尊 main statue there.
- - - - -
fox and Tanuki
If someone walks in the forest and chants the Heart Sutra, he will not be bewitched by a fox or Tanuki.
Even if an ookami 狼 wolf and one chants the Heart Sutra, the wolf will pass by without doing any harm.

. ookami 狼と伝説 Okami, wolf legends .




................................................................................. Oita 大分県 
.......................................................................

. タチアイの風 "tachiai no kaze" wind of the gods .
イキアヒの風 "ikiahi no kaze" or toorigami 通り神 / トホリ神 (通神 kayougami)




................................................................................. Okayama 岡山県 
.......................................................................
小田郡 Oda district

Once a pious person became bewitched by a fox and called for help to get rid of it. A healer begun to recite the Heart Sutra many times, but it did not help.
So he begun to recite darani 佗羅尼 / 陀羅尼 mantras and performed choobuku 調伏 exorcist rituals until the man was healed.




................................................................................. Saitama 埼玉県 
.......................................................................
蕨市 Warabi city

There is a ritual for the Inari fox deity ((稲荷神 tookami トウカミ).
One man with blindfold eyes sits in the middle, holding a heisoku 幣束 ritual wand.
The people around him are chanting the Heart Sutra without a pause. When the deity has possessed the man, he begins to tremble.
Now they spent the whole night to ask him questions about the future and their good or bad luck. Questions about their fields and the harvest are most frequent.

. Inarigami 稲荷神 Deity to protect silkworms .




................................................................................. Wakayama 和歌山県 
.......................................................................
田辺市 Tanabe city

The great-grandfather of 和田氏 Mister Wada called 熊吉 Kumakichi, went to 栗栖川 Kurisugawa to buy oil and fish. On his way back his luggage begun to get more and more heavy and finally he could not eve move. He thought he was bewitched by a fox and begun to recite the Heart Sutra. Soon he felt better and found his way home.




................................................................................. Yamagata 山形県 

A young woman of 27 years, not yet married, was bewitched by a fox.
A priest and his helpers performed exorcist rituals for four and one half hours, but the fox was still there.
Now they begun to recite the Heart Sutra backwards and shot arrows in the four directions. Finally the fox was gone and the woman came back to her senses.


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- reference : Nichibun Yokai Database -
般若心経 - OK
21 心経 (00)

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. Japanese Legends - 伝説 民話 昔話 – ABC-List .

. Japan - Shrines and Temples - Index .


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- - #hannyashingyo #shingyo #hannyashinkyo #hanya #hannya #sutra #heartsutra -
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Posted By Gabi Greve to Gokuraku - Jigoku on 6/12/2019 09:28:00 am

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