13 Dec 2014

EDO - zashiki guest room

LINK
http://edoflourishing.blogspot.jp/2014/12/zashiki-guest-room.html

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zashiki 座敷 guest room, drawing room, sitting room

. Interior Design - The Japanese Home .
- Introduction -


- quote
A generic term for a room covered with straw mats *tatami 畳.

In the Heian period when aristocratic dwellings *shinden-zukuri 寝殿造, were floored with wooden planks, woven straw or rush mats, some with bound edging, and thick mats agedatami 上畳 that raised the person a little above floor level were used for seating.
Eventually, from the late 12c, the word zashiki applied to rooms completely covered with straw mats and was used for guests. Thus, it became a reception room or guest room. This custom was later emulated in the folk dwellings *minka 民家 of lower ranking people in the Edo period.


Nagatomi 永富 house (Hyogo)

Both *sukiya 数寄屋 and *shoin 書院, later came to use not only tatami but also incorporated alcoves (both *tokonoma 床の間 and *wakidana 脇棚) in the zashiki.


- - - - - okuzashiki 奥座敷



1 
A general term for the final or innermost room of a *shoin 書院 style reception suite.

2 
In vernacular houses *minka 民家 of the Edo period in parts of Touhoku 東北 and the Kantou 関東, Toyama, Ishikawa, and Kagawa prefectures, and Kyoto district, the room furthest from the earthfloored area *doma 土間 in the rear part of a *hirairi 平入, house. It was a formal reception room equipped with a decorative alcove *tokonoma 床の間. Alternatively called *oku 奥, oku-no-ma 奥の間, oku-no-dei 奥の出居.

3 
In vernacular townhouses *machiya 町家 of the Edo period in Kyoto and Nara, a room at the rear of the house overlooking the garden. Equipped with a tokonoma, it served as a formal reception room and often as a sleeping room shinshitsu 寝室 for elderly dependents. Also called *oku 奥.

4 
A formal reception room to the rear of the shop, *mise 店 in machiya in the vincinity of Kanazawa 金沢 in Ishikawa prefecture..


- - - - - kura zashiki 蔵座敷 living room in a storehouse
Also *zashikigura 座敷蔵.
A fireproof structure *dozou-zukuri 土蔵造 used as a reception suite *zashiki 座敷. The roof is tiled *kawarabuki 瓦葺, or boarded *itabuki 板葺.
Where the kurazashiki is attached to or incorporated into the core area of a house, it is called uchigura zashiki 内蔵座敷. Usually two storeys high, the lower floor is always used as a reception room, whilst the upper floor is either a storeroom or a second reception room.



The most luxurious kurazashiki reception rooms were fitted with a decorative alcove *tokonoma 床の間, staggered shelves *chigaidana 違い棚, and a built-in table tsukeshoin 付書院, and other decorative features. The kurazashiki was used for important ceremonies such as weddings, as well as to accommodate guests. First seen in town houses in the Kansai 関西 region, the kurazashiki spread to Edo.
Today, the largest numbers of surviving examples can be seen in Yamagata and Fukushima prefectures. Also used as high-class guest house accommodation.
- source : JAANUS

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. Zashiki Hakkei 座敷八景 Eight Parlor Views .
by Suzuki Harunobu 鈴木春信
and
more about the Hakkei 八景 Eight Views of Edo

under construction
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karakuri ningyō (からくり人形)  mechanized puppets

zashiki karakuri (座敷からくり, tatami room karakuri) were small and used in homes.

They influenced the Noh, Kabuki and Bunraku theatre.

zashiki karakuri

The most common example today of a zashiki karakuri mechanism is a tea-serving robot, which starts moving forward when a cup of tea is placed on the plate in its hands. It was used in a situation when a host wanted to treat a guest in a recreational way at a tea ceremony. It moves in a straight line for a set distance, moving its feet as if walking, and then bows its head.
This signals that the tea is for drinking, and the doll stops when the cup is removed.
When it is replaced, the robot raises its head, turns around and returns to where it came from. It is typically powered by a wound spring made of whalebone, and the actions are controlled by a set of cams and levers.
source : Wikipedia


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zashiki warashi 座敷童子 / ざしきわらし girl spooks
in Iwate, Tono, Tohoku
岩手県に伝えられる精霊的な存在


CLICK for more photos !

- quote
Translated from Mizuki Shigeru's Tono Monogatari

Zashiki warashi are a yokai from the Tohoku region of Japan. They live in the rafters of ceilings or in old storehouses. One of the mysteries of zashiki warashi is that they always take the appearance of small children, and never of adults.

In Iwate prefecture, zashiki warashi are said to appear in many of the local Elementary schools, and play with the children. At nine o' clock, dressed in a white kimono, the zashiki warashi slip through cracks in the door and play around between the desks and chairs, having a great time. Of course, only the children can see the zashiki warashi as they romp around the classroom.

Also, about a hundred years ago in Tokyo, zashiki warashi were said to live in the storehouse of a man named Umehara Sotoku. Whenever any human went into the storehouse they would suddenly be overcome by the need to urinate and would have to flee running from the storehouse. It was said that this was due to the presence of the zashiki warashi. Also, sometimes at night the sound of something striking a metal pole could be heard.

One year, there was a fire near that house and the flames rapidly spread. The family was busy bringing the furniture out of the house when a child that no one knew was seen running out of the storehouse and helped carry the furniture into the cellar for safekeeping. Even though they tried, no one got a good look at his face. When all of the goods and people were safely in the cellar, the door was shut tight but the small boy was no were to be seen.

That old storehouse was nothing special, the kind that could be found anywhere. But high up on the shelf that was used to store charcoal there was a box about 15 by 16 centimeters that no one ever touched. Most likely that was the home of the zashiki warashi.

The old storehouse did eventually burn down in a fire in the middle of the Meiji period, and from then on the zashiki warashi was never seen or heard from again. I wonder where it went?



There is what is called the Three Great Stories of Tono. Of these, the legend of the zashiki-warashi is by far the most famous. Let's touch on these legends a bit.

Zashiki-warashi ("zashiki" meaning the tatami room of traditional Japanese houses, and "warashi" meaning a kid or small child) are often seen as a kind of omen in the houses of once-great families on the verge of decline. The disappearance of the zashiki-warashi from the house was a sign that the family's fortunes had waned. Looking into this, you can find many families who have used zashiki-warashi to account for the withering away of their wealth and status. The disappearance of zashiki-warashi was also an easy way to explain away a neighbor's misfortunes to children who were too young to understand. Many a parent has relied on this convenient excuse to circumvent uncomfortable questions.

But there are other thoughts on the zashiki-warashi. In the 42nd year of Meiji, Yanagita wrote in his diary that on the journey from Hanamaki to Tono he saw only three places that showed any sign of human habitation. On these rough plateaus between the surrounding mountains it was said there were a hardscrabble people making their living off the land called Yamabito. These people of the mountains were said to be of substantial build and were described as having eyes differently colored from normal Japanese. The villages of the Tono area were terrified of Yamabito, who were said to sometimes raid the villages and either ravage or kidnap the local women. Due to this fear of outsiders, as well as due to the special geographical features of the mountain basin in which they lived, the people of Tono were solitary and exclusionary. Their houses held many secrets.

Old families of rank and reputation sometimes found their daughters ravaged and impregnated by these Yamabito attacks, and any child born of such a union was hidden away in the depths of the family mansion and never allowed to see the daylight. Other families of lesser fortunes sometimes gave birth to more children than they could afford, so it was said that some children were culled, their bodies buried under the dirt floors or under the kitchen instead of a proper grave. An eyewitness to both of these ancient customs sites these practices as the origin of the zashiki-warashi legends.

There are of course other origins that have nothing to do with bad parents hiding or killing their own children. Some say that zashiki-warashi are merely spirits of the house, no different than any other kami.

Regardless of their origins, they are a vivid and ancient legend. One official account, published in 1910 (the 43rd year of Meiji), tells of an elementary school in Tsuchibuchi where a first grade student claimed to see a zashiki-warashi right in front of him, although his teachers and classmates were unable to see the spirit
- source : hyakumonogatari.com


. Tōno monogatari 遠野物語 Tono Monogatari .
Legends of Tono

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. WKD - kigo for all summer .

sitting room in summer, parlor in summer
natsu zashiki 夏座敷


Click for more photos of a ZASHIKI !

Zashiki 座敷, a room covered with tatami straw mats and a decoration alcove (tokonoma 床の間), used to entertain visitors, a kind of reception room.
Ths SUMMER sitting room is the same room as used in winter when entertaining visitors during the day. But with the summer decoration of bamboo blinds and light seating mats, the summer preparations would make you feel cool in summer. The doors could be kept open to let the fresh air from the garden into the room.
This is of course talking about the Edo period, without air conditioning or electric fans to bring some refreshment.
A wind chime hung in the eves would also enhance the feeling of coolness.
elegant blinds for the living room, ozashiki sudare 御座敷すだれ

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. WKD - kigo for all winter .

sitting room in winter, fuyu zashiki 冬座敷




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- - - - - oku zashiki, okuzashiki 奥座敷

はつ雪や医師に酒出す奥座敷
hatsu yuki ya isha ni sake dasu okuzashiki

first snow !
we serve sake to the doctor
in the innermost room


. Tan Taigi 炭太祇 .
(1709 -1771 or ?1738-1791)


- - - and there it is ! a sake 酒 rice wine called Okuzashiki


- source : sakesakesakesakesake.blogspot.jp

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山茶花や青空見ゆる奥座敷
sazanka ya aozora miyuru okuzashiki

winter camellia -
from the reception room in the back
I look at the blue sky


Oomine Akira 大峯あきら Omine Akira




. sasanka 山茶花 Camellia Sasanqua .
- - kigo for Winter - -


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- - - - - kura zashiki, kurazashiki 蔵座敷 living room in a storehouse



source : www.jin.ne.jp/araebisu

蔵座敷五尺時計の音涼し
kurazashiki goshakudikei no oto suzushi

our storehouse living room -
the sound of the large clock
is so cool


Hakutaku Yoshiko 白澤よし子

go shaku 五尺 is about 150 cm.


. tokei 時計 clock .

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source : www.tif.ne.jp/jp/ati

喜多方や旅の朝寝の蔵座敷
Kitakata ya tabi no asane no kurazashiki

Kitakata -
sleeping late on a trip
in a storehouse guest room


Hasegawa Teruko 長谷川耿子

Kitakata is a town in Fukushima, famous for its many kura.
. kura 蔵 storehouse, warehouse .


also famous for its good ramen soup.
. Kitakata Ramen 喜多方ラーメン .

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獅子舞に戸をあけ放つ蔵座敷
shishimai ni to o akehanatsu kurazashiki

opening the door
of the storehouse living room
for the Lion Dancers


Yoshida Futaba 吉田二葉



- source and more photos : 得さんのページ

. shishimai,  獅子舞 lion dance .
- - kigo for the New Year - -

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. Japanese Architecture - Interior Design - The Japanese Home .


. senryu, senryū 川柳 Senryu poems in Edo .


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EDO - irori sunken hearth

LINK
http://edoflourishing.blogspot.jp/2014/12/irori-sunken-hearth.html

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irori 囲炉裏 / 居炉裏 / いろり open sunken hearth

- part of the entry about
. Interior Design - The Japanese Home .

. daidokoro 台所 the Japanese kitchen .
- Introduction -


source : kodairanoyama.wordpress.com

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- quote
irori 囲炉裏 - also written 居炉裏.
Also called ro 炉. An open hearth set in the floor of various rooms in Japanese buildings. Believed by some to have referred originally to the periphery of the hearth, the term was generally used for the hearth itself. It provided heat, light and in many cases a place for cooking suiji 炊事.

For cooking purposes, pots or kettles were either placed upon tripods, or suspended from the beams above the heat using an adjustable hook *jizaikagi 自在鈎 which might be decorative.

Irori size varied from around 45x45cm (in teahouses) to 2mx1m, with 90x90cm being the average. The irori was usually square.
There were two main types. The simplest was a pit excavated directly in the surface of the ground, partially backfilled with sand and ash and edged with stones or timber. This kind of irori was common in the poorer vernacular houses *minka 民家, of the Edo period, which had a low floor of rice husks and reed matting *doza 土座 instead of a raised floor. This type resembles the hearths unearthed in excavations of prehistoric pit dwellings *tateana juukyo 竪穴住居.

The second type of irori was constructed into the raised timber floor, takayuka 高床, and edged with timber or occasionally stone. A mound of stones and earth brought up to the level of the underside of the floor formed the base. A hollow fire pit, usually lined with plaster *shikkui 漆喰, was then made in the center of this base.

The irori was already in use in the upper class residences of the Heian period, where it was termed *jihiro 地火炉. It was also found in shoin style residences *shoin-zukuri 書院造, especially in service rooms such as the kitchens *daidokoro 台所, *kiyodokoro 清所, and in style rooms *sukiya 数寄屋, and tea houses *chashitsu 茶室. In minka it was found not only in the kitchen, but also in the center of the main living room *hiroma 広間, *oue 御上 (o-ue), where it was a focus of everyday life around which meals were eaten and informal visitors entertained.

The sitting arrangement around the irori in minka was fixed: the seat at the upper end *kamite 上手, overlooked the earthfloored area *doma 土間, called the *yokoza 横座, was for the master of the house. The seat opposite him, called variously *kijiri 木尻, hijiri 火尻, or *shimoza 下座, was the lowest in rank and was used by junior family members, dependents and servants, or for fuel storage. The seat toward the rear of the house, closest to the kitchen area, was the wife's seat *nyoubouza 女房座 (nyoobooza), ubaza うば座, kakaza かか座, tanamoto 棚もと. The seat opposite her (nearest to the entry in *hirairi 平入 houses) was used by visitors or by the eldest son and was called *kyakuza 客座, mukouza 向座, or otokoza 男座.

All of these seats have a wide variety of local names. The irori was a feature of minka in almost all parts of the country, and in Touhoku 東北 region, it was quite common for houses to have two. An exception was the Kinki 近畿 region around Nara, Kyoto and Osaka, where, from the mid-Edo period, the irori virtually ceased to be used in the vicinity of major urban areas. Irori has a wide range of regional names and pronunciation variants, of which the main ones are yururi ゆるり, yurui ゆるい, irui いるい, yuri ゆり, iri いり, ennaka えんなか, hinata ひなた, hitakijiro 火焚き地炉, hijiro 火地炉.
- source : JAANUS



CLICK for more photos !


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jizaikagi 自在鉤 pot hook, Kesselhaken 
to hang a pot above the open fire of a hearth (irori 囲炉裏).

f
from my collection

- quote
jizaikagi 自在鈎 pothook.
A device that enables a pot nabe 鍋 or tea kettle tetsubin 鉄瓶 to be suspended over a sunken hearth * irori 囲炉裏. It was called jizaikagi (free hook) because the pothook was adjustable, allowing a pot to be lowered or raised away from the fire as required. The most basic type consisted of a piece of rope from which the pot was suspended, tied to one end of a freely suspended wooden or metal element called *saru 猿.

The loose end was passed over a beam, and then threaded through a hole in the other end of the saru, and knotted to the hook kagi 鈎 which supported the pot. The drag tension on the rope as it passed through the saru kept the pot at the desired height; the height could be adjusted and the tension could be relaxed by changing the angle of the saru. The saru became a readily recognizable part of domestic architecture as it was often decoratively designed in the form of a fan or a fish, or the mallet of the god *Daikokuten 大黒天, which was believed to bring prosperity.

More sophisticated jizaikagi used two bamboo or metal poles takesao 竹棹 but they also relied upon the principal of drag tension and the use of the saru. It is not known when the jizaikagi was invented but it was already in use in the Muromachi period. It was used in service buildings, vernacular houses *minka 民家 and tea houses *chashitsu 茶室. It is said to have been introduced into tea houses by Takeno Jouou 武野紹鴎 (1502-55), inspired by one he had seen in a rural house.
Often abbreviated to jizai 自在, it also had a variety of local names including kagidoko 鈎どこ, Nagano prefecture; tsurikagi 吊り鈎, Ishikawa prefecture; kagizuru 鈎づる, Gifu prefecture; and oansama おあん様, Chiba prefecture.
- source : JAANUS



source : facebook

with Fuji San"-shaped saru counterweight

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- - - - - H A I K U and S E N R Y U - - - - -

open Japanese hearth, irori 囲炉裏
Click for more photos!

ro 炉 hearth
irori 囲炉裏 sunken hearth
robi 炉火 fire in the hearth
danboo 暖房 / 煖房 fireplace
ro akari 炉明 light from the hearth

. WKD - ro 炉 hearth .
- - kigo for all winter

..... uzumibi 埋火, うずみび

Ryokan warming himself at a small fire (uzumibi) 埋火(うずみび)


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五つ六つ茶の子にならぶ囲炉裏哉
itsutsu mutsu cha no ko ni narabu irori kana

Irori and tea cakes with
. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .


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source : dream326.blog.fc2.com

仏師逝き火なき囲炉裏を残したる
busshi naki hi naki irori o nokoshitaru

the Buddhist sculptor is dead
and left the sunken hearth
without a fire . . .


Makino Shunku 牧野春駒


. Buddhist Sculptors Gallery .


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自在鉤に荒彫りの鯉ビール酌む
jizaikagi ni arabori no koi biiru kumu

as a pot hook
a roughly carved carp -
pouring beer


Ishikawa Keiroo 石川桂郎 Ishikawa Keiro (1909 - 1975)


. biiru ビール .. 麦酒 beer, Japanisches Bier .
- - kigo for all Summer - -

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source : www7b.biglobe.ne.jp/~studio-takao
Yasome Aiko 八染藍子

炉開きや鯉まろまろと自在鉤
robiraki ya koi marumaru to jizaikagi

opening the hearth -
a well-rounded carp
as our pot hook


Yasome Aiko 八染藍子 (1934 - )


. Robiraki 炉開き"Opening the hearth" .
irori hiraki 囲炉裏開く(いろりひらく)"opening the open hearth"
- - kigo for November - Tea Ceremony - -




CLICK for more photos !



- - - - -  how to install the pot hook carp
- source : store.shopping.yahoo.co.j

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. Japanese Architecture - Interior Design - The Japanese Home - Introduction .




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FUDO - Seishin-Ji Tsugaru Daishi 10

LINK
http://gokurakuparadies.blogspot.jp/2014/12/seishin-ji-tsugaru-daishi-10.html
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Seishinji 聖心寺 Seishin-Ji

Nr. 10 - 五色山 Goshikisan 聖心寺 Seishin-Ji 


. 津軽弘法大師霊場 - Tsugaru Kobo Daishi Reijo
Pilgrimage to 23 Kobo Daishi temples in Tsugaru .
 



. goshiki 五色 the five colors of Buddhism .
- Introduction -

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You can see the protective cover in the front, reminding us of the coming winter with heavy snowfall in the region.

弘前市百沢字東岩木山3056 / Higashiiwakisan-3056 Hyakuzawa, Hirosaki-shi

This temple has been established as part of the Special Prayer Group of Narita San 聖心会 in the year 1960.
It relies on the Mountain Religion with the deity Akakura Daijin 赤倉大神 Akakura Daigongen in its center
and Kobo Daishi as its ancestor.
In the spring of 1982 the temple was re-located to its present place.
And in autumn of the same year, a shrine for the protector deity 守護神社 was also erected.


21 - . 赤倉山 Akakurasan - Kongooji 金剛寺 Kongo-Ji .
... Akakura Fudo 赤倉不動


- Chant of the temple
ぬばたまの 闇を照らさん 五色光 遍照尊の いますこの寺
清らかな 津軽富士山 岩木峰 裳裾のうちの 聖心の寺


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愛染明王の五色の綱 - Aizen Myo-O and the rope in five colors
It is connected to the statue of Aizen in the hall.



. Aizen Myo-O 愛染明王 Aizen Myō-ō .


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dedicated to Dainichi Nyorai 大日如来

- - - - - Homepage of the temple
- source : http://kouboudaishi.main.jp


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- - - - - Yearly Festivals 年中行事

1月1日 祈願供養
6月5日 春季大祭
7月24日 水子地蔵大祭
9月13日 秋季大祭


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- - - reference - - -


. 津軽弘法大師霊場 - Tsugaru Kobo Daishi Reijo
Pilgrimage to 23 Kobo Daishi temples in Tsugaru .
 

. Pilgrimages to Fudo Temples 不動明王巡礼
Fudo Myo-O Junrei - Introduction .
 

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- another temple with the same name on this Kobo Daishi pilgrimage
17 -  . 成田山 Naritasan - 青森寺 Seishin-Ji .


. Kobo Daishi Kukai 弘法大師 空海 . (774 - 835) .

. Narita Fudo 成田不動尊 .
Temple Shinshooji 新勝寺 Shinsho-Ji

. Fudo Myo-O at Mount Koyasan 高野山の明王像 .

. Tsugaru Shichifukujin 津軽七福神 Seven Gods of Good Luck .

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. 東北三十六不動尊霊場 - 36 Fudo Temples in Tohoku .  


. Pilgrimage to 18 Shingon Temples .
The 18 Head Temples of Shingon School have a very long history.

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. O-Mamori お守り Amulets and talismans from Japan . 

. Japanese Temples - ABC list - .

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. Japan - after the BIG earthquake .
March 11, 2011, 14:46

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[ . BACK to DARUMA MUSEUM TOP . ]
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11 Dec 2014

DARUMA - Jizo to win a battle

LINK
http://darumamuseumgallery.blogspot.jp/2007/04/jizo-bosatsu.html

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riun Jizo bosatsu, ri-un 利運地蔵菩薩
Jizo to win in battle

in Kyoto 臨済宗天龍寺派の禅刹等持院 Toji-In, Kyoto
The special hall for Jizo used to be called
霊光殿 Reiko-Den
京都府京都市北区等持院北町63



足利尊氏の念持仏だった利運地蔵菩薩)と、その両脇に達磨大師像と夢窓疎石像

Ashikaga Takauji prayed here for victory, and so did Tokugawa Ieyasu.
Takauji had been born because his childless mother made a vow to Jizo and became pregnant after that. Therefore Jizo was his special protector deity.



source : ameblo.jp/bluedeloi

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- quote
Tōji-in (等持院) is a Buddhist temple of the Rinzai Tenryū sect located in Kita Ward, Kyoto, Japan, and one of two funeral temples (bodaiji) dedicated to Ashikaga Takauji, first shogun of the Ashikaga dynasty. Its main object of worship is Shakyamuni, and its honorary sangō prefix is Mannenzan (萬年山).
Tōji-in was founded at the foot of Mount Kinugasa in 1341 by Takauji himself in fulfillment of a vow. He did so under the guidance of famous Zen teacher, calligraphist, poet and garden designer Musō Soseki, who created the Zen gardens and ponds of the temple. Tōji-in later became the Ashikaga dynasty's funeral temple and all fifteen of the Ashikaga shoguns are buried here.
- snip -
The Reikō-den



Jizo, Daruma and Soseki

Tokugawa Ieyasu and all the fifteen Ashikaga shoguns are enshrined in a small building called Reikō-den (霊光殿).
The sixteen statues are lined up in two rows on the sides of the room, each sitting and carrying a shaku symbolizing their shogunal power. Their sculptors are unknown, but they have been tentatively dated to the early seventeenth century. The presence among the Ashikaga shoguns of a statue of Tokugawa Ieyasu, founder of the Tokugawa shogunate, suggests that Tokugawa wished to link himself to the Ashikaga clan and give an impression of continuity between the two dynasties.
Like them, Ieyasu claimed to be a descendant of the Minamoto clan.
- source : wikipedia


. Ashikaga Takauji 足利尊氏 (1305 - 1358) . :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::





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10 Dec 2014

DARUMA - Pacific Asia Museum


-LINK
http://omamorifromjapan.blogspot.jp/2014/12/pacific-asia-museum.html

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Pacific Asia Museum



USC PAM, founded in 1971, is located in a 1924 Chinese Qing Dynasty-inspired mansion in downtown Pasadena and has a collection of more than 17,000 items from across Asia and the Pacific Islands, spanning more than 5,000 years.
- source : news.usc.edu/63742
University of Southern California - USC


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quote
One portrayal of the Buddhist monk Daruma from our current exhibition
"Insight: The Path of Bodhidharma."
Takashi Murakami, Oval Buddha, 2000, Plastic, silicone,
Gift of David L. Kamansky. (2014)



- source : PAM on facebook


source : www.pacificasiamuseum.org


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- quote
Insight: The Path of Bodhidharma
explores the portrayal of the Buddhist monk Bodhidharma (known as Daruma in Japan) and how this religious figure has become a popular icon through an array of objects from paintings and sculptures to decorative objects and toys.



Credited with introducing Chan (Zen in Japanese) Buddhism in China in the 6th century, the Indian monk Bodhidharma has become a well-known subject in Buddhist art, frequently depicted in ways that emphasize his non-East Asian origin and iconoclastic persona. As Chan (Zen) Buddhism gained popularity, various legends associated with the Chan patriarch evolved, and artists began to depict those legends alongside his portraits.

Traditional depictions of Bodhidharma were executed in ink monochrome with free expressive brush strokes, alluding to his teaching that focuses on the spontaneous nature of reaching enlightenment through meditation. During the Edo period (1603-1868) in Japan, the traditional sternness of this pious monk's expression went through a radical change as he was often paired with a courtesan of the pleasure quarters—a parody to expose the hypocrisy of society.

Today, Bodhidharma's depictions are still widely found both in fine art and pop culture.

- source : www.usc.edu/calendar

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- quote
Mitate-e metaphors in Japanese art
(2013)
snip
One particularly humorous section examines mitate-e, which literally means "look and compare." This is a category of Japanese art that uses metaphorical images that juxtaposes historical and contemporary events and figures, often fusing the religious with the vulgar, the high with the low, added layers of meanings that could be playful, critical or ironical references enjoyed by the educated classes.


Courtesan Dancing to Daruma's Accompaniment
Ishikawa Toyonobu (1711–85)

Mitate-e became popular in the Edo period when urban culture blossomed. As the Tokugawa shogunate secured relative peace, the newly established capital Edo (today Tokyo) grew rapidly in population and economic status. The merchant class accumulated wealth but their relatively low social status limited their participation in public affairs. As a result, they looked for outlets in various forms of entertainment, and embraced mitate-e, which allowed the indirect critique of current events and élite culture. The inclusion of witty prose or poems next to images heightened the complex allusions embedded in mitate-e. Text could also nuance or disguise the interpretation, further stimulating the viewer or confusing the authorities who regulated mass-produced images.

Among the most popular subjects in mitate-e are pairings of courtesans with religious figures such as Daruma (Bodhidharma in Chinese), the Indian monk who transmitted Chan (Zen in Japanese) Buddhism to China, as seen at the top of this post. The juxtaposition of this ascetic with a courtesan of the pleasure quarters humorously critiqued religion as well as the culture of the ruling samurai class who boasted of their dedication to Zen. It also underscores the core values of the genre known as ukiyo-e (or 'pictures of the floating world'), to which this painting belongs. The word ukiyo ('transitory world') was derived from Buddhism, referring to the ephemeral nature of this world. By replacing the character for uki 憂き (meaning 'transitory') with a homonym 浮meaning 'floating,' a profound Buddhist idea was turned upside down to express the attitude of joie de vivre characteristic of the pleasure quarters.

Zen Buddhism teaches that anyone is able to reach enlightenment through simple, banal activities such as chopping wood or taking naps. Here, the courtesan's knowledge of the 'floating world' (ukiyo 浮世) is compared to Daruma's enlightened realization of the 'evanescence of the world' (ukiyo 憂き世). It also suggests that one can find enlightenment, or release, in the carnal activities of the pleasure quarters. Pious Daruma playing the shamisen, a popular musical instrument among courtesans and geisha, further increases the wry humor.

The poem accompanying the image is by Old Priest Rinsen in the Jōkyō era (1684–88).
It reads:

Why have you come from the west?
Don't ask and cause me to regret it.
In playing the shamisen, the bridges do not count.
The heart alone sings:
Is it the plectrum or the strings
Which makes the music?
(Translation by Kuniko Brown)

snip
- source : uscpacificasiamuseum.wordpress.com


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Mantras, Mudras and Mandalas:
........ Symbolism in Himalayan Art




The Buddhist art of the Himalayas is essentially symbolic in nature and is rich with esoteric elements. To unlock its mysteries the viewer must use semiotic codes. Since the Himalayan pieces featured in the exhibition are primarily employed in the service of Buddhism, they are religious in nature. Hence, they were produced in large part either by monks who practiced it, or by the artists [who were knowledgeable in Buddhist iconography].

The practitioners, of course, understood the meaning and symbolism but the laypeople did not. Deepak Shimkhada, assistant professor of art and religion at Claremont, McKenna College is an expert in the subject of Himalayan art and will unveil the mysteries of the mudras and mandalas as seen in the Buddhist art of the Himalayas.

© 2002, the Pacific Asia Museum.
Lecture by Deepak Shimkhada, 2002
http://www.pacificasiamuseum.org/calendar/exhibitions/buddhism.htm


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Illustration of a Dragon from the MangaKatsushika Hokusai (1760–1849)
1815
Leaf from a bound book, woodblock print, ink on paper
Pacific Asia Museum Collection
Gift of Evelyn and Eleanor Moles, 1982.27.7

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. Join the MINGEI group on facebook ! .  



. Regional Folk Toys from Japan .

. Japan - Shrines and Temples .


. Tohoku after the BIG earthquake March 11, 2011

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FUDO 0 Kyoun-Ji Tsugaru Daishi 08


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Kyoounji 橋雲寺 Kyoun-Ji

Nr. 08 愛宕山 Atagosan - 橋雲寺 Kyoun-Ji


. 津軽弘法大師霊場 - Tsugaru Kobo Daishi Reijo
Pilgrimage to 23 Kobo Daishi temples in Tsugaru .
 

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弘前市愛宕字山下63 / Yamashita-63 Atago, Hirosaki-shi

Regional people use to call this temple "あだごさま"Atago Sama.
The access is via a torii of Atago Shrine, then up up up many stone steps.
There is also a huge pine tree of more than 1 meter in diameter.
It is one of the 10 special vistas in Tsugaru 津軽十景.

This is one of the five great Shingon Temples in Tsugaru.
It had an income of 百石 100 koku during the Edo period. The great summer festival was most important.
After the festival, folks would rest at the Atago shrine 愛宕神社(駒越)and worship Mount Iwaki from afar.

There are various buildings in the compound dedicated to different deities
奥之院 Oku no In
延命地蔵尊堂 Enmei Jizo Do
三十三観世音堂 Sanjusan Kannon Do
稲荷祠堂 Inari Do
天満宮 Tenmangu



source : madamada888.blog.fc2.com

The Goma Do 護摩堂 Hall for the fire ritual had been built in 1881
for a visit by the Meiji Tenno 明治天皇.


source : madamada888.blog.fc2.com
There is a statue of Shogun Jizo 勝軍地蔵 in this Temple Hall.

- Chant of the temple
散る世なき 法の花咲く 橋雲寺 愛宕の山に 紫雲たなびく
名刹の 津軽五山の 橋雲寺 杖をとどめて しばし休まん



Mount Atago Yama 愛宕山 / 阿多古
is a mountain of about 920 meters in the North-West of Kyoto and
main shrine of the Atago worship.
. Atago Shrines in Japan .

The main deity of worship at the Atago shrines is Shōgun Jizō.
Atago Gongen 愛宕権現, a Kami considered to be a temporary incarnation of Jizō.
'Great Manifestation of Atago' (Atago Daigongen 愛宕大権現)
- source : Mark Schumacher


From the gate of the temple there is a splendid view to the 4 sacred mountains of Tsugaru - 津軽の四つの霊山 :
東に八甲田山  Hakodasan in the East
北に梵珠山  Bonjusan in the North
南に阿闍羅山  Ajarayama in the South
西の岩木山  Iwakisan in the West

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statue of Kobo Daishi in the park




- - - - - Homepage of the temple
- source : kouboudaishi.main.jp


- Member of other pilgrimages in the region

津軽一代様 辰巳年生まれ Tsugaru Ichidai Mamori Honzon
Protector Deity for people born in the year of tatsumi 辰巳 Dragon and Snake

. Ichidai Mamori Honzon 一代守り本尊 Personal Protector Deities .

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- - - - - Yearly Festivals 年中行事

旧暦6月24日 夏季例大祭 Great Summer Festival
9月24日 秋季大般若会 、火渡法要厳修 Walking Trough Fire Ritual


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- - - reference - - -


. 津軽弘法大師霊場 - Tsugaru Kobo Daishi Reijo
Pilgrimage to 23 Kobo Daishi temples in Tsugaru .
 

. Pilgrimages to Fudo Temples 不動明王巡礼
Fudo Myo-O Junrei - Introduction .
 

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. Kobo Daishi Kukai 弘法大師 空海 . (774 - 835) .

. Narita Fudo 成田不動尊 .
Temple Shinshooji 新勝寺 Shinsho-Ji

. Fudo Myo-O at Mount Koyasan 高野山の明王像 .

. Tsugaru Shichifukujin 津軽七福神 Seven Gods of Good Luck .

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. 東北三十六不動尊霊場 - 36 Fudo Temples in Tohoku .  


. Pilgrimage to 18 Shingon Temples .
The 18 Head Temples of Shingon School have a very long history.

.......................................................................

. O-Mamori お守り Amulets and talismans from Japan . 

. Japanese Temples - ABC list - .

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Tsugaru Juukei 津軽十景 10 special vistas of Tsugaru

(1)瑪耶渓(めやけい)(西目屋村)- Meyakei gorge

(2)座頭石(ざとういし)(弘前市) - Zatoishi stone

(3)法峠(ほっとうげ)(黒石市と旧浪岡町の境) - Hottoge pass

(4)弘前公園 - Hirosaki Park

(5)乳井(にゅうい)神社(弘前市) - Nyui Jinja Shrine

(6)岩木山 - Mount Iwakisan

(7)芦野(あしの)公園(旧金木町) - Ashino Park

(8)愛宕(あたご)山(旧岩木町) - Mount Atagosan

(9)御幸(みゆき)公園(黒石市) - Miyuki Park, Kuroishi

(10)久渡寺(くどじ)(弘前市) - Kudo-Ji

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. Japan - after the BIG earthquake .
March 11, 2011, 14:46

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[ . BACK to DARUMA MUSEUM TOP . ]
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--
Posted By Gabi Greve to Gokuraku - Jigoku on 11/28/2014 01:23:00 pm

9 Dec 2014

DARUMA - Ono no Takamura

LINK
http://omamorifromjapan.blogspot.jp/2011/11/onoterusaki-shrine.html

Shrine Onoterusaki jinja 小野照崎神社
Onoterusaki sama 小野照さま

The shrine is located in Daitoku ward, near Ueno park.
台東区下谷2-13-14

The deity in residence is the scholar
Ono no Takamura
小野篁 (802 - 852).
Ono no Terusaki came here often and wrote poetry about the peaceful landscape.
The shrine was founded in 852, after his death, to honor him.

Later in 1625, when the Kaneiji Temple in Ueno was founded, the shrine was relocated to this present site. The present building was established in 1866 at the end of the Edo period. It survived the Great Tokyo Earthquake in 1923 and also escaped destruction during the Second World War.

Sugaware Michizane is also revered here, brought over from Ekooin 回向院 .


Also in the compound: one of the three "Kooshin 庚申" wild deities of Japan.
The main festival in on May 19 (or a Sunday nearby).
. . . CLICK here for Photos !


The main amulet at this shrine:


hebi dorei 蛇土鈴 clay bell with serpent/snake

It is a very simple form, but has eyes and a little red tongue. It makes a sound goron goron, to ward off snakes.
It was sold before the summer came with water damage from flooding, to appease the deity of water, the snake. The shrine sold it only on two days, July 30 and June 1 only during the main festival.


This was the day of the great Fujizuka festival 富士塚祭り in the shrine, to celebrate the opening of the mountain climbing season of Mt. Fuji. The "Fuji Hill", a miniature of Mount Fuji, is about 7 meters high. To climb it would bring the same spiritual merit as climbing Mt. Fuji itself.
The "Fuji Hill" of this shrine was constructed in 1828.
Once every three years the festival is especially large and the mikoshi palanquin is carried around in the neighbourhood. Only when a new emperor succeeds or a crown prince is born will the festival be held in this year too.


. Mount Fuji 富士山, Fuji-san, Fujiyama .


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Ono no Takamura (小野 篁) also known as
Sangi no Takamura 参議篁, Sangi no Takamura

(802 – February 3, 853)
was an early Heian period scholar and poet.



Takamura is a descendant of Ono no Imoko who served as Kenzuishi, and his father was Ono no Minemori. He is the grandfather of Ono no Michikaze, one of the three famous calligraphers (三筆, sanpitsu).
In 834 he was appointed to Kintōshi, but in 838 after a quarrel with the envoy, Fujiwara no Tsunetsugu, he gave up his professional duties pretending to be ill, and attracted the ire of retired Emperor Saga, who sent him to Oki Province. Within two years he regained the graces of the court and returned to the capital where he was promoted to Sangi.

Takamura is the subject of a number of odd stories and legends.
One of the most singular of these legends is the claim that every night he would climb down a well to hell and help Yama (閻魔大王 enma daiō) in his judgements (裁判 saiban).
In Sataku, Kyoto, there is a grave said to belong to Takamura. Near that grave is a grave marked Murasaki Shikibu, with a legend that it was placed there by the devil himself as punishment for lust (愛欲 aiyoku) for which Murasaki Shikibu descended to hell.
. . . people like Ono no Michikaze and
Ono no Komachi are Takamura's direct descendants.
© More in the WIKIPEDIA !




statue at temple 六道珍皇寺 Rokudo Chinno-Ji, Kyoto
Legend says Takamura's upturned robes depict him just back from his nightly trip to hell.
- source : www.rokudou.jp

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"Ono no Takamura, 100 Aspects of the Moon"
Tsukioka Yoshitoshi

The subtitle of the artwork shown is "Moon over Kyoshi".
Although the details haven't come clear, a record says that Ono no Takamura who had made a poem criticizing the government was taken his title away and transferred to Kami-Oki as a punishment. Kyoshi is the mountain path located between Wakayama Pref. And Osaka Pref.
In the artwork shown depicted could be Ono no Takamura sadly staring at the village below and the full moon above standing at the mountain path, being indulged in the nostalgia.
source : Shukado - www.japanese-finearts.com


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more

8 Dec 2014

MINGEI - suge sedge folk craft

LINK
http://omamorifromjapan.blogspot.jp/2014/12/suge-sedge-folk-craft.html

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sugezaiku, suge-zaiku, suge saiku 菅細工 / すげ細工
handicraft from sedge, reed weaving





- For travelers and pilgrims of the Edo period
. sugegasa 菅笠(すげがさ) braided reed hat .
- Introduction -


. sedge and related kigo .
Carex morrowii
- - - suge chimaki 菅粽 rice wrapped in a sedge leaf



Stamps for the New Year 2001

菅細工 - 稲馬 horse carrying rice  (left)

- source : www.geocities.jp/anakaitotoro


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- ABC - List of sedge handicraft from the Prefectures

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. . . . . . . . . . Niigata


- source : www.city.myoko.niigata.jp
from Myoko Village 妙高市


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. . . . . . . . . . Osaka






深江菅細工保存会 Fukae Suge-zaiku Hozonkai group
- source : www.fukae-suge-zaiku.jp

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. . . CLICK here for Photos !


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. Join the MINGEI group on facebook ! .  



. Regional Folk Toys from Japan .

. Japan - Shrines and Temples .


. Tohoku after the BIG earthquake March 11, 2011

[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]
[ . BACK to DARUMA MUSEUM TOP . ]

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