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- KAPPA - 河童 / かっぱ / カッパ - ABC-Index -
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- hyoozu no kami, Hyōzu 兵主神 Hyozu no Kami
- Deity of Wind and Weapons -
兵主大神（ひょうずのおおかみ） Hyozu no Okami
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Kazenokami 風の神 "kami of wind," also known as fūjin 風神.
Japan's geographic setting, in an area exposed to strong seasonal winds, makes the wind an important factor in everyday life, farming, and maritime industries. As a result, Japan has been home to beliefs in tutelaries of wind since ancient times.
Another common belief was that a "divine wind" (shinpū 神風 ) accompanied the coming and goings of kami. The Kojiki, Nihongi and Engishiki list the names Amenomihashira no kami, Kuninomihashira no kami, Shinatsuhiko no mikoto, and Shinatobe no mikoto as kami of wind. Amenohashira no kami and Kuninomihashira no kami are the chief objects of worship (saijin) of the Yamato-region shrine Tatsuta Jinja, which is well known for its Fūjinsai or "wind kami festival," and which has long been the center of a cult dedicated to rituals for protection from wind damage.
Among the shrines enshrining Shinatobe no mikoto and Shinatsuhiko no mikoto is the Kazahinomi no miya, a detached shrine (betsugū) of the Grand Shrines of Ise; legend relates that the "divine wind" which blew at the occasion of the thirteenth-century Mongol invasions originated from there.
The shrine Anashinimasu Hyōzu Jinja in Nara (and other Anashi shrines nationwide), is said to enshrine a kami of blacksmithing (kajishin), thought to be related to the words anaji and anaze, local terms referring to stormy seasonal winds from the northwest. As a result, these shrines are thought to have originally been patronized as part of a cult for the prevention of damaging winds. Local cults can also be found in many areas involving the use of symbolic scythes or sickles as magical implements to ensure protection from the wind.
In addition to such shrine rites to subdue winds and assure abundant crops, observances directed toward the wind kami included magical invocations to the kami, observance of the Kaze matsuri (wind festival), all-night vigils to the wind (kaze himachi), and the performance of traditional lion dances.
Most of these rituals were observed around the "210th day"counting from the first day of the old luni-solar new year or risshun - the day believed to signal the start of the typhoon season. Typhoons arriving around that time were in fact the cause of great crop damage.
Many locales also observed "wind kami exorcisms" (kaze no kami okuri) resembling exorcistic rites to drive off evil spirits. Such rites were meant not only to avert typhoons and other heavy winds, but also to exorcise and drive away evil spirits and "epidemic kami" (ekishin) believed responsible for colds and influenza, since the word for "wind" (kaze) was a homophone for another word meaning "cold."
source : Kokugakuin Suzuki Kentarō 2005
. fuujin 風神 Windgott .
taifuu 颱風 / 台風 typhoon and more season words
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In relation to Kappa, this deity relates to the fart (wind) of a kappa.
Regional names of the Kappa and his cousins are a reminder:
. hyoosube, hyōsube 兵主部 / ひょうすべ Hyosube . from Saga, Kyushu
The Hyosube is a child-sized river monster from Kyushu that lives in underwater caves, ventures onto land at night to eat rice plants. The creature has a relatively small brain, and a nervous system specialized in detecting humans. A pair of rotating bone coils produce an illness inducing bacteria that the yôkai sprinkles on unsuspecting humans.
Their favorite food is raw, bloody, human anuses.
hyoosubo ヒョウスボ カッパ /兵主坊 Hyosubo
- quotes -
ヒョウスボは水の神 Hyosubo is a deity of the water in Miyazaki.
At night he climbs up the mountain, in the morning he returns to the river. When he walks down, he pants hoihoi ホイホイ.
When humans meet a Hyosubo on the way, they will be unlucky, maybe even have a fire in their estate.
When the buckwheat flowers are in bloom, late at night at Mount Atagoyama in Osaki 愛宕山のオサキ（尾根）a kappa (Hyosubo) comes out of the river and climbs up the mountain, panting hyoohyoo 「ヒョウヒョウ」.
Until 1982 local folk heard him frequently. But since a new road and more houses were built in the region, nobody has heared him any more.
and one more story from Miyasaki宮崎県
If you hang the arm of a monkey in the horse barn, it will prevent the Hyosubo from coming in. The monkey is stronger than the kappa Yosubo, even in water. Hyosubo usually come at night to pester the horses. When a horse has been exposed to this, it will be all over in sweat the next morning and not come to rest any more.
- source : www.nichibun.ac.jp
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The following relation about the number THREE is still not finally researched.
If you have any additional information, please share it.
A kappa is said to have three komon 肛門 anus, or simply put three holes.
All three are used for farting and the fart is rather smelly. When a Kappa feels in danger or that death is close, huge farts come out from here (hence the relation to the God of Wind). The wind from a large fart can also lift a Kappa high into the air to fly.
Why three ?
Kappa is revered as hyoozu no kami 兵主神 Hyozu-no-kami
There are three shrines relating to this deity.
The first shrine is Itate Hyoozu Jinja 射楯兵主神社 Hyozu Jinja in Harima, Hyogo.
and related to this,
there is Anashinimasu hyoozu jinja 穴師坐兵主神社 with many ana holes.
Sugawara Michizane is also revered in Hyogo. How about the MITSU at the Tenmangu 天満宮の満（みつ）? mitsu 三 is a pun with the number 3.
I am not sure which shrine this is.
Oonamuchi no kami 大穴牟遅神 Onamuchi no kami / 大穴持命（大国主) Okuninushi is revered at a shrine in Hyogo too, so there is the ana 「穴」 hole.
The circle of three 菅原 - 大穴 - 穴師 - 兵主 -- 河童
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- - - - - Shrines dedicated to 大穴牟遅神 Okuninushi 大国主神 in Hyogo 兵庫県
生石神社 - Oshiko Jinja - 兵庫県高砂市阿弥陀町生石 - 大穴牟遅神
佐用都比売神社 Sayo Tsuhime Jinja - 兵庫県佐用郡佐用町本位田 - 大国主命
御形神社 - Mikata Jinja - 兵庫県宍粟郡一宮町森添 - 葦原志許男神 （あしはらしこお）
三坂神社 - Misaka Jinja - 兵庫県三木市志染町御坂243 - 葦原志許男命
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- - - - - Other Hyozu Shrines 兵主神社 in Japan
兵庫県丹波市鎮座 Hyogo, Tango
兵庫県西脇市鎮座 Hyogo, Nishiwaki
長崎県壱岐市鎮座 Nagasaki, Iki
大阪府岸和田市 Osaka, Kishiwada
They are all famous for their power to prevent evil from a Kappa 河童除け (kappa yoke).
The relation of Michizane, the Tengu / Tenjin shrines and Kappa is not quite clear to me yet.
But at Egara Tenjin in Kamakura, for example, there is a festival with many kappa lanterns made by the local children.
. Egara Tenjin 荏柄天神 Shrine in Kamakura .
Sugawara Michizane 菅原道真
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Scholars and Sprites at the Egara Tenjin Shrine in Kamakura
. . . Somewhat surprisingly, the unassuming Egara Tenjin is considered one of the three major shrines of the cult . . .
. . . But it's slightly to the left of the main hall that it starts to get weird.
First, there is a large stone that supposedly looks like the head of a kappa – and when garnished with a sacred shimenawa rope, indeed it does!
The kappa is a mythological, amphibian creature with webbed feet, a shell on its back, and a plate filled with water on its head, which makes for a curious hairstyle, not unlike the tonsure of old monks in Europe. Although cute, kappas mostly create mischief as such imps are wont to do, and may lure the unwary to a watery grave.
This stone is actually a monument raised in 1971 to worn-out brushes. On the front is a drawing of a kappa by the famous cartoonist Kon Shimizu, and on the back it says "Kappa fudezuka" (Kappa brush monument) in the hand of the Nobel literature prize-winning author Yasunari Kawabata. Both were residents of Kamakura.
Even odder is the 3.2 m high, paintbrush-shaped bronze monument on a mound behind it. This was erected in 1989 and features 154 different pictures of kappa painted by cartoonists in homage of Shimizu. Scholarship comes in many forms!
- source : Jan Fornell
- - - - - Part of the bronze monument :
. . . CLICK here for Photos -荏柄天神 かっぱ Egara Tenjin and Kappa !
. . . CLICK here for Photos of the paper lanterns 荏柄天神 かっぱ 提灯 !
- - - from the Japanese wikipedia:
about the Suitengu in Fukuoka
福岡県の筑後川付近には「河童と地元民とのもめごと」や「河童族同士の戦争」の伝説や「河童にちなんだ地名」など比較的年代が明確ではっきりした記録が数多く残っている。
「水に入る前には水天宮の申し子だと唱える」
Before entering the water of a river you have to call out "I am a heavenly messenger (mooshigo 申し子) sent from the Suitengu Shrine".
「水に入る前にはタケノコを食べる」「水に入る前には仏前飯を食べる」
といった河童除けの風習は久留米市の水天宮付近が起源とされる。
毎年8月には、水の祭典という祭りが行われる。これは、元々河童をあがめるために始まった祭りである。
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Gozu Tennō 牛頭天王
Literally, "ox-head-heaven-king." Also called Gion Tenjin, Gozu Tennō is a product of kami-buddha "combinatory" religion, worshiped at the Gion Shrine (Yasaka Jinja) in Kyoto,
. . . The deity also became associated with the legend of a Japanese kami of plague called Sominshōrai and was identified with the kami Susanoo; taking on a trinitarian nature that incorporated characteristics of Susanoo's consort and child, he also came to be identified with the Japanese kami Onamuchi .
- source : kokugakuin - Yonei Teruyoshi 2005
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Soosha Itate Hyoozu Jinja 射楯兵主神社 (そうしゃ いたてひょうずじんじゃ)
総社 播磨国総社 はりまのくに Harima no kuni
兵主神社（現兵主大社） present-day Hyozu-taisha Shrine
姫路市総社本町190 / 190 Soshahonmachi, Himeji, Hyogo Prefecture
- - - Homepage of the Shrine
- source : sohsha.jp
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Itate Hyozu Jinja 射楯兵主神社 Itatehyōzu Shrine
The rite at Itatehyōzu Shrine (Itatehyōzu jinja) in Himeji City, Hyōgo Prefecture,
is the exact opposite of that at Iwaa Shrine: the Single Mountain Rite is every sixty years and the Three Mountains Rite is every twenty years. Along with this there is a sacred carnival event (kami-nigiwai gyōji) that lasts for a week. A bamboo and cloth mountain about fifteen meters high is constructed and placed before the shrine entrance. On top of this is placed a hokora and atop the shrine gate is placed a small hall . Sacred food offerings (shinsen) and a variety of mochi are offered. It is said that this rite is at the request of the Iwa Deity who had been invited (kanjō) to this area.
source : Kokugakuin, Mogi Sakae
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Anashinimasu Hyoozu jinja 穴師坐兵主神社 Anashinimasu-Hyozu-jinja
Anashi niimasuhyozu-jinja (あなしにいますひょうずじんじゃ)
- Anashi, Sakurai, Nara Prefecture 633-0071 奈良県桜井市
CLICK for more photos !
- quoting weblio :
中世ごろから、穴師坐兵主神社が穴師上社、穴師大兵主神社が穴師下社と呼ばれるようになった。
From around the Medieval period, Anashinimasu-Hyozu-jinja Shrine was called Anashi-kamisha Shrine (literally, upper Anashi-jinja Shrine), while Anashi-Daihyozu-jinja Shrine was called Anashi-shimosha Shrine (literally, lower Anashi-jinja Shrine).
Hyozu-no-kami is Miketsukami (god of food).
穴師坐兵主神社（奈良県桜井市）摂社の相撲神社に、野見宿禰とともに祀られている。
He is enshrined in the Sumo-jinja Shrine that is an auxiliary shrine of Anashinimasuhyozu-jinja Shrine (Sakurai City, Nara Prefecture), along with NOMI no Sukune
祭神の「大兵主神」は現在は左社に祀られ、剣を神体とする。
Daihyozu-no-kami,' the enshrined deity of Anashi-Daihyozu-jinja Shrine is now enshrined in the left hall of the current Anashinimasu-Hyozu-jinja Shrine, and the shintai is a sword.
元の穴師坐兵主神社は、垂仁天皇2年に倭姫命が天皇の御膳の守護神として祀ったともいわれる。
There is a theory that the original Anashinimasu-Hyozu-jinja Shrine was founded by Yamatohime-no-mikoto in the year 28 BC enshrining a guardian deity of food presented to the emperor.
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Hotsuma-Tsutae - Amateru's Decrees on Prayers of Succession
Kokotomusubi (also known as Tsuwamononushi, deity of the Anashi Hyozu Shrine in Sakurai, Nara Prefecture) lit the sacred beacons until their light shone all around.
- source : www.hotsuma.gr.jp
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兵主神 God of Weapons
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !
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Anaseniimasu hyoozu（あなせにいますひょうず）
source : yamanobe/anasi
Anashinimasu-Hyozu-jinja maintains that Hyozu-no-kami is Miketsukami (god of food).
Anashi is a place name around Sakurai town in Nara 奈良県桜井市にある地名.
Anashigawa 穴師川 in Nara.
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"The fart of a water goblin", kappa no he, 河童の屁, へのかっぱ
This expression in Japanese means something small and insignificant. If the water goblin does it in the water, it is not heard very far and does not smell, and very few of us have ever experienced it in real life ...
But the real origin of this expression seems to go further, meaning "koppa no hi 木っ端の火", the flame of a little wood splinter used for igniting a fire, which was rather insignificant in itself. People of the Edo period used to play with words, so the KOPPA became a KAPPA.
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- reference - Hyozu-no-kami -
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farting competition -
the Kappa wins
every time
Gabi Greve
. WKD - Haiku, Senryu and farting .
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. - - - Join my Kappa friends on facebook ! - - - .
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. Kappa densetsu 河童伝説, Kappa minwa 河童民話 - Legends - Introduction .
. Mingei 民芸 Regional Folk Art from Japan .
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[ . BACK to DARUMA MUSEUM TOP . ]
[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]
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Posted By Gabi Greve to Kappa - The Kappapedia on 1/15/2015 02:30:00 pm
