MINGEI - Daruma Kokeshi

[http://darumasan.blogspot.jp/]
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Kokeshi with Daruma san　だるま　こけし　/　ダルマこけし


. Kokeshi, こけし / 小芥子 / 子消し wooden doll .
- Introduction -



. Join the Kokeshi Gallery of facebook .


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. Various Daruma Kokeshi (1) .
Mori Hidetaro 盛秀太郎
Tsugaru Daruma Kokeshi　津軽だるまこけし


. Various Daruma Kokeshi (2) .
Kokeshi from Nuruyu Hot Spring　温湯温泉のこけし
Hirosaki Kokeshi 弘前こけし
Muchihide Abo 阿保六知秀 Abe Muchihide and the Apple Daruma
Yoshiki Satoo 佐藤佳樹 Sato Yoshiki
- and many more Daruma kokeshi


. Various Daruma Kokeshi (3) .
Ketsugan Daruma　結願だるま Shikoku
Matsushima Kogetsu Daruma Kokeshi 　江月だるまこけし / 紅蓮尼こけし
Mountain Lilly and Daruma Kokeshi 山百合だるまこけし
earcleaner, mimikaki 耳掻き


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達磨ですよね？ This is Daruma san!

To write kanji on a Daruma doll is not very common.
This one has
haru kaze　春風 spring wind
on the side.

- source : kokeshi2.exblog.jp

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Usaburo modern kokeshi 卯三郎こけし　幸福だるま　



source : rakuten.co.jp/corazon

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Kabuki Daruma - white
歌舞伎ダルマ　白（かぶきだるま　）



- source : kimura-ohshido.co.jp


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Kokeshi Lanterns - with Daruma san





- source : kireiblog.excite.co.jp


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鳴子系　 Naruko Kokeshi
made by Yoshida san 吉田勝範工人

With many more kokeshi photos :
- source : るんるんこけし


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- shared by Sonja on facebook


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Daruma kokeshi from my own collection















enjoying spring








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two plain kokeshi, husband and wife


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Daruma kokeshi are quite popular!



- CLICK for more Daruma Kokeshi !


- - - #darumakokeshi #kokeshidaruma - - - - -
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. Join the MINGEI group on facebook ! .  



. Regional Folk Toys from Japan .

. Japan - Shrines and Temples .


. Tohoku after the BIG earthquake March 11, 2011

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Posted By Gabi Greve to Omamori - Japanese Amulets on 2/22/2015 10:17:00 am

MINGEI - Kokeshi

[http://darumadollmuseum.blogspot.jp/2005/03/kokeshi-1.html]
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Kokeshi, こけし / 小芥子 / 子消し wooden doll
kinakina きなきな (Iwate)
kibokko 木ぼっこ / 木ぼこ kiboko
- - - - - (oboko　おぼこ, an name for small children in Tohoku)

Start exploring from here
. Kokeshi (1) こけし Wooden Dolls - Introduction .
Miyagi prefecture 宮城県のこけし
Hijiori 肘折（ひじおり）こけし
Naruko Hot Spring なるこ温泉のこけし, Narugo
Sakunami 作並のこけし
Togatta (Toogatta) 遠苅田のこけし（とうがった）
Yajiro 弥次郎こけし
- and further links

..... Kokeshi (2) こけし
Aomori prefecture　青森のけこし
Hirosaki 弘前こけし
Nuruyu Hot Spring 　温湯温泉のこけし
Owani 大鰐温泉こけし
Tsugaru Kokeshi Museum 津軽こけし館
- Kokeshi makers :
- Yoshiki Sato 佐藤佳樹 Sato Yoshiki
- Muchihide Abo 阿保六知秀 Abo Muchihide


..... Kokeshi (3) こけし
Yamagata prefecture 山形のけこし
Sakunami 作並のこけし
Tsuchiyu Hot Spring 土湯温泉
Yonezawa 米沢こけし
Akita prefecture
Kijiyama 木地山


. . . CLICK here for Photos 木ぼこ kiboko !

. . . CLICK here for Photos 木ぼっこ kibokko !

. . . CLICK here for Photos キナキナ kinakina !




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The name KOKESHI is rather new, since 1940.


「こけし」の真実‐「子消し→こけし」は真実 / 平井敏雄　Hirai Toshio

The word, ko-keshi (ko o kesu 子を消す), can be loosely translated as "extinguished child" or "a child wiped out.
There is still an ongoing discussion about this naming.


Daruma Kokeshi
tba

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- Eleven famous Kokeshi regions



◎土湯系 Tsuchiyu（福島県 Fukushima ）◎弥次郎系Yajiro 宮城県 Miyagi）◎遠刈田系Togatta（宮城県）
◎鳴子系 Naruko（宮城県）◎作並系 Sakunami （宮城県）◎山形系 Yamagata（山形県 Yamagata）
◎蔵王系 Zao（山形県）◎肘折り系 Hijiori（山形県）
◎南部系 Nanbu, Nambu（岩手県 Iwate）◎木地山系 Kijiyama（秋田県 Akita）◎津軽系 Tsugaru（青森県 Aomori）

and Kokeshi Lanterns - even with Daruma san





- source : kireiblog.excite.co.jp



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source :　facebook


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Usaburo Kokeshi (卯三郎こけし)
wooden doll with hand painted horse for good luck (開運, kaiun - lucky, uma - horse) ~ Nagaoka, Shinto-mura, Kitagunma-gun, Gunma Prefecture.

source :　facebook


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Manga Nihon Mukashibanashi with kokeshi

The Brothers Taro, Jiro and Saburo 太郎、二郎、三郎

Once upon a time
there lived three brothers. Their parents were well off and they did not have to help with the daily work and could play around in the woods and the river, even as they got older.

One day their father called them and gave them a lecture and asked them to get out for three years to learn something.
Their mother agreed with this plan and called them, one by one. She asked Taro, the eldest, to become the best leader of the samurai in Japan. Jiro, the second son should become the best merchant of Japan . Next was the turn of Saburo, the third son. But he only mumbled:
"Oh well, I will become the best of something in Japan, for sure!"

The next day the three brothers left home. They walked for a while together until the road foked into three and they had to separate. Taro took the middle road, Jiro went to the right and Saburo turned left. They promised to meet here again after three years.

The four seasons came and went and in no time the three years had passed.
On the middle road appeared the proud Samurai Taro with a lot of retainers.
On the road to the right appeared Jiro, now a rich merchant with a lot of servants.
Saburo appeared along the road to the left, just as he had left three years ago, all alone.

When they reached home, their father was very happy with the fortune of Taro and Jiro.
Then he turned to Saburo, who said:
"I became the best thief of Japan". 俺は、日本一の泥棒になった。

Father said this was not a joking matter and got angry, but Saburo said he had stolen the precious metal incense burner of his father from the storehouse in the compound.
Father got really angry now, threw Saburo out of the gate and locked it most carefully.



To tell the truth, Saburo has just been lying about becoming a thief.
He had stayed with an old grandmother in the mountains and helped her. And the grateful grandma had given him a magic kokeshi 木ぼっこ（こけし人形） as a present when he departed.
Coming home he threw this doll into the compound of his father, where it went straight to the storehouse, took the metal incense burner and handed it to Saburo.

After that was cleared, the three brothers lived and prospered together.
The kokeshi of Saburo became the special treasure of the family and was kept really well to our day.

- source : nihon.syoukoukai.com

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トイレとこけしの昔話 The Kokeshi and the Toilet
トイレの花子さん
- source : ncode.syosetu.com

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昔話「こけし劇」 Kokeshi Gekijo Theater

- - - - - Sendai
- source : kokeshibokko.jugem.jp

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A great collection, here are just the names of the kokeshi

source : zenmaitarow/sab129

Kokeshi about plants 植物こけし

budoo ぶどう こけし grapes
chatsubo 茶壺 こけし tea container
daikon 大根 こけし large radish, from Kirishima　霧島
donguri どんぐり こけし Eicheln
kinoko キノコ こけし mushrooms
koocha 紅葉こけし black tea
kuri 栗 こけし chestnuts
marimo 毬藻 こけし green algae
mikan ミカン こけし citrus fruit
nasu 茄子 こけし eggplants
natto 納豆 こけし fermented beans
ringo りんご こけし apples
saboten サボテン こけし cactus
suika 西瓜 こけし watermelon
takenoko 竹の子 こけし bambo sprouts
tsukushi つくし こけし
zenzai お善哉 こけし sweet desert

Kokeshi about animals 動物こけし

hamaguri, fried 焼き蛤 こけし scallops
hato 鳩 こけし doves
inari, Toyokawa Inari 豊川稲荷 こけし fox from Toyokawa
kaeru カエル こけし frogs
kujira クジラ こけし whale fish
kuma 熊 こけし bears
mitsubachi ミツバチ こけし bees
panda パンダ こけし panda
pengin ペンギン こけし penguin
saru お猿 こけし monkeys
suzume 雀 こけし sparrows
tako タコのお土産品 octopus


source : zenmaitarow/sab130
Kokeshi about history and persons

Chushingura 忠臣蔵 こけし
Kunisada Chuji 国定忠治 こけし
Mito Komon 水戸黄門 こけし
Monjiro, kareki no Monjiro 木枯し紋次郎 こけし
Shimizu no Chirocho 清水の次郎長 こけし

Inaba no Shro usagi いなばの しろうさぎ こけし White Rabbit of Inaba
Momotaro 桃太郎 こけし
Urashima Taro 浦島太郎 こけし

Hina matsuri お雛さま こけし Hina Doll festival
Kowaka 小若こけし
Tanabata in Sendai 仙台 七夕祭 こけし

Ama no Hashidate 天橋立 股のぞき こけし
Eihei-Ji temple 永平寺のお土産こけし
Itsukushima (Miyajima) 厳島神社のお土産品
Kannon sama 観音さま こけし
Kusatsu Hot Spring 草津節 こけし
Namahage, Akita 秋田 なまはげ こけし
Otemonyan おてもやん こけし

Hiking ハイキングこけし
onsen - ii yu da na いい湯だなぁ～ こけし
tsuri 釣り人 こけし fishing
Skiing スキー こけし
sori ソリ遊び こけし sledge in snow



source : zenmaitarow/sab131
Various things as Kokeshi

koosha 円型校舎 school building
koma 独楽 こけし spinning top
taru 樽 こけし barrel
tokkuri 徳利 こけし sake server
Tokyo Tower 東京タワー こけし
uchidashi no kozuchi 打出の小槌 こけし


ama 海女 こけし diving women
kusuri uri from Toyama 越中富山の薬売り こけし
shuudoojoo 修道女と修道士こけし nuns
sushi お寿司屋さん こけし delivering sushi
stewardess スチュワーデス こけし

ballerina バレリーナ こけし
banzai バンザァ～イ こけし
Hitomi chan ひとみちゃん こけし
kai 貝細工のお土産品 shell dolls
Mittchi ミッチーこけし
modern girls モダンなマダム こけし
modern kokeshi モダン こけし
pearl dolls パール 人形
pierrot 不思議な ピエロこけし
ranpu ランプ こけし lamps
Takasago ya 高砂や～♪こけし wedding
yajirube モダンな やじろべえ

Manga figures and advertisments
- Kikko san キッコさん こけし
- Muhi ムヒ こけし cream
- Nonki naito san ノンキナトウサン こけし
- Oiwake Dango 追分団子 こけし
- Oojan whishey オーシャン こけし
- Peko chan ペコちゃん こけし
- Pion chan ピョンちゃん こけし rabbig
- Rumi chan ルミちゃん こけし
- Sazae san サザエさんと 波平さん こけし
- Takashimaya 高島屋 こけし
- 宇津救命丸 こけし

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. Join the Kokeshi Gallery of facebook .

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. Regional Folk Toys from Japan .


. Tohoku after the BIG earthquake March 11, 2011

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[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
- - - - - #kokeshi - - - - -
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Posted By Gabi Greve to Omamori - Japanese Amulets on 2/11/2013 04:49:00 pm

MINGEI - Kochi Folk Toys - Tosa

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Kochi Folk Art　－ 高知県

former Tosa Province　土佐

. Sakamoto Ryoma 坂本竜馬
龍馬ダルマぐい呑み Sake cup named "Daruma"


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Aki town 安芸市


Aki dorei 安芸土鈴 clay bells from Aki

The motive is the whaling boat, kujirabune, see below.

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Kochi town 高知


various dolls from Kochi

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source :　upp.so-net.ne.jp/u1cku/gangu5.
boosan kanzashi 坊さんかんざし "priest with hairpin"
and aiaigasa 相合傘 sharing an umbrella

- quote -
There is a folk song in Tosa whose phrase is
"Tosa no Kochi no Harimaya-bashi de, boosan kanzashi kau o mita. Yosakoi, Yosakoi."
(At the Harimaya Bridge in Tosa in Kochi, I saw a monk buying a hair ornament.
Yosakoi, Yosakoi.)
In old times in Japan, Buddhist monks were not allowed to have an interest in women. The song is about a monk who was buying a hair accessory for his girlfriend. What "Yosakoi" means is "come at night."
It is said this song was very popular in Kochi. Yosakoi Matsuri was started in connection with this folk song.
- source : Yosakoi Matsuri



Hariyamabashi はりまや橋 / 播磨屋橋 Hariyamabashi Bridge



source :　www.art-index.net/art_exhibitions

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hogasabune, hogasa fune 帆傘船 boat with umbrella as sail

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. kujiraguruma, kujira no kuruma 鯨車 whale on wheels .





katsuobune, katsuo fune 鰹船 boat for fishing katsuo bonito




source :　zb2.aura.red

kujirabune, kujira no fune　鯨船 boat for fishing whale
about 6 cm long and made from the wood of the tara 楤 angelica tree tree of the local mountains.. The side of the boat is decorated with chrysanthemum blossoms.
Now the toy boats have wheels for children to tug them around.
Whaling was quite popular in Kochi since the Edo period.


CLICK for more photos !

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onna Daruma 高知の女だるま female Daruma
Tosa no onna Daruma 土佐の女達磨
. Female Daruma Dolls .


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kibori no tooken 木彫りの闘犬 fighting dog (woodcarving)
Tosa was famous for its fighting dogs.





nagao tori 長尾鶏 cock with a long tail
clay bell

. Onagadori (おながどり)尾長鳥　cock with a long tail　.




Tosa no anesama ningyoo 姉様 "elder sister" paper dolls
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tsurebari ningyoo つればり人形 three ladies taking a pee together

It was custom in Tosa for the ladies to come togther (tsure) to pee (bari) by the roadside.

Nice ladies squatting - from the front


. . . and from the back side . . .




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washi ningyoo土佐和紙人形 paper dolls from Tosa washi

Tosa silk paper －can even be used for repairing burned old manuscripts
Akatosashi with a red touch
. . . CLICK here for Photos !

various colors of
- source : Tosa Washi






Yosakoi ningyoo よさこい人形　Yosakoi dance dolls

. Yosakoi and Awa Odori Dances .


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old dolls from Kochi

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Migami willage 香我美町

Tosadako, Tosa no tako 土佐凧 square kites from Tosa



- quote
The square-sailed TOSA dako is similar to Franklin kite, Delta or HATA.
It is popular that the painting on the kite is the crest of the family. The kite takes its name from the vast bay of Tosa on the south side of Shikoku island, within the Kochi prefecture. Detail description about TOSA dako is offered with beautiful pictures on "Kite Lines" Spring-Summer 1997, Vol.12, No.3. by Pierre Fabre.
- source : JAPANESE TRADITIONAL KITES



. . . CLICK here for Photos !


- quote
The Tosa Dako of Japan
IS THIS KITE THE TRUE ANCESTOR OF THE DELTA ?

Relatively few travelers　to Japan include Shikoku in their plans.　The smallest of the nation's four　main islands, this mountainous　land is served only by secondary railway　lines that run through steep valleys.
However, kite devotees will discover in　Shikoku a great diversity of traditional kites, such as the famous wan-wan, the fighting kite of Ikazaki and the Tosa dako, a little-known design that seems a clear antecedent of the delta kite.

The Tosa's homeland
The kite takes its name from the vast bay of Tosa on the south side of the island, within the Kochi prefecture. Dark green mountains descend to a plain of virulent green paddy fields on the Pacific Ocean. Tea plantations spread across the base of hills, and houses built in the traditional style, with gleaming, gray-toed roofs, add the final touch to this peaceful Japanese countryside.
This area is known best for its washy, the handmade paper widely used in Asian kitemaking. The Tosa dako is made from this material and bamboo spurs.
On a splendid day in late May, I took a train to Tosa Yamada, admiring from the window dozens of Koinobori floating in the morning breeze. These colorful carp windsocks are hoisted on tall poles to celebrate the holiday known as Children's Day, and remain displayed for several weeks, along with tall, painted banners typical of this area.
Ryosetsu Shimamura, an expert maker of the Tosa kite, met me at the station and provided a guided tour of the nearby town of Kagami, birthplace of this kite.

Delta-like features
The square-sailed Tosa is a remarkable flier that performs like a delta. Even in light breezes, it climbs to a high altitude and flies at a steep angle.
Its structure is also that of a delta: a spine, two leading edge spurs and from one to three wing-spreaders across the back, the number depending on the size of the kite. The largest I saw was about 20 feet wide, but seven feet is considered the regular size.
The kite is bridled and has no keel. A standard size Tosa has five to six long bridles measuring at least 1.5 times the length of the spine. The longer the bridles, the better the kite will fly in strong winds. The kite can be flown without a tail in light winds.

The spurs are made of carefully selected unsplit bamboo, except on the smallest kites, for which split bamboo is shaved into tri-angular sections. The thinner end of each wing spar is toward the nose of the kite, and the nose end of the spine is Lent backwards to create fore-and-aft dihedral, as often used in fighter kites. This prevents the kite from diving when going for a glide.
Shimamura explained that the best sticks are obtained from 10-year-old bamboo that has been dried for at least one year. Because the wings must be symmetrically flexible, the leading edge spurs should be "twin" sticks of bamboo cut from the same root and matching in diameter. The length between the bamboo nodes must match, too.

The kite sail is always made from traditional washi. Several small sheets are glued together and the overlaps between them act as natural reinforcement grids.
Before being glued to the sail, all sticks except the spreaders are wrapped in paper tape, to provide a better grip when glued onto the washy.
Traditionally, as I learned, flying a Tosa celebrated the birth of a newborn son in a rich farmer's family. For these styles (known as mon-dako), the chord's fancily crest is painted onto the sail in black ink and red dye. These designs are strikingly elegant in the sky, and can be read even from great distances.
Nowadays, kites are just as often decorated with calligraphy (ji-dako) or colorful figurative paintings (e-dako). Shimamura, who went to art college, paints his kites in a variety of styles : some inspired by traditional designs derived from ukiyo-e art and others influenced by modern comic strip images.

Large Tosas are launched carrying a bundle (yakidashi) tied at the bottom of long rice straw tails (waranawa). Once they have reached a high altitude (approximately 1,000 feet), a long white paper ribbon (the jaara) drops from the bundle attached to the tail. As if flutters toward the ground many smaller kites attack it, trying to snag a piece of the ribbon and keep it caught on the flying line as the kite is pulled down to the ground.
A dozen numbered pieces of paper, like raffle ticket, are glued at regular intervals along the length of the ribbon, and these can be redeemed for prizes, such as a bottle of sake or a snack of dried squid (delicious together!). Thus, capturing the longest piece of ribbon offers the best chance for prizes.
The unlucky few who fail to catch a ribbon or bring back a piece of ribbon with no number win nothing.
The bundle flown by the large kites also contains about 50 small stamped cards, which drift to the ground when the bundle opens. Children run to collect these, which may be exchanged for a cup of hot noodles.
To snare a piece of ribbon, the smaller attacking kite is maneuvered to its line first crosses the ribbon, then is drawn upwind to make the cut and leave the severed section draped on the attacking kite's line. No cutting line is involved in the game; all the kites are flown using traditional flax (linen) line. The paper ribbon is reinforced by a very thin taped along it and made slightly harder to cut by slight wrinkling.
The attack is made more difficult by the numbers of small competing kites floating around the tail. A total of 30 large kites are flown during the festival, but no more than three at a time.
The Tosa dako saved

Fifteen years ago, the Tosa dako was gradually fading from view, but an association was formed to receive it. Now, some 50 local kitefliers attend the festival, which is held in fields from which one can see a European-style castle on top of a nearby hill. (now a museum, I was told, the structure was brought here stone by stone from Austria in the 1970s!) Nobody knows exactly when the Tosa was invented, but Shimamura said it is at least 200 years old, and probably derived from kites imported from Kyushu as early as the 17th century, such as the Nagasaki hata.

Although it has no keel, the Tosa dako obviously should be classified in the same family as the delta, which is often said to have been developed in the late 1940s and early 1950s in the United States.
Just as Baden-Powell developed hexagon-shaped kites with no knowledge of the Japanese rokkaku, it is likely most Western kitemakers developed delta variations having never encountered the Tosa dako.
Once again we find evidence that the East is the true birthplace of kites. Anonymous Malaysian, Chinese, Indonesian and Japanese kitemakers should be acknowledged as the first creators of many "inventions" later claimed and patented by Westerners.
- source : Pierre Fabre, 1997

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Shibaten しばてん / 芝天 otter and Kappa from Tosa
Along the rivers live a lot of kawauso 獺魚 otters, which legends often turned into a kappa in his form of a river deity Enko.
Like the people of Tosa, the Shibaten likes sumo wrestling and always challenges people whom he meets on the road.
Nowadays clean natural rivers without concrete banks are seldom, so the Shibaten (and the river otter) is seen much less often.
Shibaten odori dance.

. - Futaba dolls　双葉人形 Futaba turtle dolls - Shibaten Kappa - .



. kawauso uo o matsuru 獺魚を祭る otter festival .
- - kigo for early spring

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. Reference and Photos . Gangu Guide .

. Reference and Photos . Isamu Folk Toys .

. Reference and Photos . Yama no Ie . Folk Toys .

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. WASHOKU .
Regional Dishes from Kochi and Tosa

***** . Daruma Miso from Kochi だるま味噌 .


MORE
. Kochi Folk Toys - this BLOG .


. Japan after the BIG earthquake March 11, 2011


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Posted By Gabi Greve to Omamori - Japanese Amulets on 8/11/2011 02:18:00 pm

MINGEI - ] hitobashira

. Manga Nihon Mukashibanashi　まんが日本昔ばなし Folktales .
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hitobashira 人柱 "human pillar" - human sacrifice


CLICK for more photos !

日南市 宮崎県 Nichinan Town, Miyazaki

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Iwakuni town 岩国市 - Yamaguchi


ishi ningyoo 岩国の石人形 dolls from stone
... ningyoo ishi 人形石

They are hand-made stone dolls, made from the nest of an insect called "ningyoo tobikera　石蚕" which is found in the very clear and clean rivers in Iwakuni. The dolls are said to be the incarnations of the souls of people who died during the construction of the Kintai bridge 錦帯橋 or were human offerings made during that time (hitobashira 人柱).
The most common are the seven gods of good luck, Jizo Bosatsu and other religious figures.
source : www.iwa.gr.jp


. Yamaguchi Folk Art - 山口県　 .

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- quote
Tales of "human pillars" (hitobashira)
people who were deliberately buried alive inside large-scale construction projects -- have circulated in Japan since ancient times. Most often associated with castles, levees and bridges, these old legends are based on ancient beliefs that a more stable and durable structure could be achieved by sealing people inside the walls or foundation as an offering to the gods.

One of the most famous tales of construction-related human sacrifice is associated with Matsue castle (Shimane prefecture), which was originally built in the 17th century. According to local legend, the stone wall of the central tower collapsed on multiple occasions during construction. Convinced that a human pillar would stabilize the structure, the builders decided to look for a suitable person at the local Bon festival. From the crowd, they selected a beautiful young maiden who demonstrated superb Bon dancing skills.
After whisking her away from the festival and sealing her in the wall, the builders were able to complete the castle without incident.

Other notable structures rumored to make use of human pillars include:
- Gujo-Hachiman castle (Gifu prefecture)
- Nagahama castle (Shiga prefecture)
- Maruoka castle (Fukui prefecture)
- Ozu castle (Ehime prefecture)
- Komine castle (Fukushima prefecture)
- Itsukushima shrine (Hiroshima prefecture)
- Fukushima bridge (Tokushima prefecture)
- Kintaikyou bridge (Yamaguchi prefecture)
- Hattori-Oike reservoir (Hiroshima prefecture)
- Imogawa irrigation channel (Nagano prefecture)
- Karigane embankment (Shizuoka prefecture)
- Manda levee (Osaka prefecture)

- continue here -
- source : pinktentacle.com

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- quote
Hitobashira (人柱 human pillar)
practiced formerly in Japan, is a human sacrifice, buried alive under or near large-scale buildings like dams, bridges, and castles, as a prayer to the gods so that the building is not destroyed by natural disasters such as floods or by enemy attacks. Hitobashira can also refer to workers who were buried alive under inhumane conditions.

Some of the earliest written records of hitobashira can be found in the Nihon Shoki (The Chronicles of Japan). One story centered on Emperor Nintoku (323 A.D.) discusses the overflowing of the Kitakawa and Mamuta Rivers. Protection against the torrent was beyond the ability of the stricken populace. The Emperor had a divine revelation in his dream to the effect that there was a person named Kowakubi 武蔵人強頸 in the province of Musashi and a person called Manda no Muraji Koromono-ko 河内国の茨田連袗子 in the province of Kawachi. If they should be sacrificed to deities of the two rivers respectively, then the construction of embankments would be easily achieved.
Kowakubi was subsequently thrown into the torrent of the Kitakawa river, with a prayer offered to the deity of river. Through the sacrifice it was possible to construct the embankment completely, Koromono-ko however escaped being sacrificed.


source :　www.geocities.jp/kakejiotto

The Yasutomi-ki, a diary from the 15th Century documents the famous tradition of "Nagara-no Hitobashira". According to the tradition, a woman who was carrying a boy on her back was caught while she was passing along the river Nagara, she was buried at the place where a large bridge was then to be built.

Hitobashira traditions are almost always connected with complex and dangerous projects that were required to be built and mostly with water. The stories of hitobashira were believed to inspire a spirit of self-sacrifice in people.
Stories of hitobashira and other human sacrifices were common in Japan as late as the sixteenth century.
Currently, hitobashira is no longer practiced in construction.
. . .
- Maruoka Castle
Maruoka Castle is one of the oldest surviving castles in Japan and is rumored to have been constructed with a human pillar which can be found in the legend of "O-shizu, Hitobashira". ...

- Matsue Ohashi Bridge
The Matsue Ohashi Bridge according to legend used a human sacrifice in its construction.
... The nearby park is named Gensuke in honour of the human sacrifice along with a memorial dedicated to the victims who died during the bridges construction. ...

- Matsue Castle
According to legend the Matsue Castle is also said to have been constructed on a human sacrifice that was buried under the castle's stone walls. ...
- source and details : wikipedia

- source : Japanese wikipedia

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Sakato Ichiba in Kazusa
Juzo Jinja shrine in Wajima, Noto

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grave of Masuya Ihei 舛屋伊兵衛の墓, the human pillar

- quote
Wanouchi Town 輪之内町 - Gifu
The kanji for Wanouchi (輪之内) literally translates to "within in a circle." This name is derived from the fact that Wanouchi is situated between the Ibi River and the Nagara River. Historically, these two rivers ran together and the area known as Wanouchi today was one of many ring-levees in the middle of the river. Naturally, these levies were prone to frequent flooding and so the waters had to be diverted. Hence, Wanouchi's physical environment and history has been greatly shaped by the constant threat of floods.

In 1754, the Edo (modern Tokyo) Shogunate, under Shogun Tokugawa Ieshige, ordered the rich and powerful Satsuma feudal lord, Shimazu Shigetoshi (whose great wealth was regarded as a threat to the Shogunate) to send his samurai and resources to the Gifu area. Their task was to build embankments in order to divert the rivers. It seems the Shogun hoped that this project would weaken the Satsuma lord's power. This becames known as the Hōreki Period River Improvement Incident.

The construction of these banks was extremely dangerous and difficult. It is said that a human sacrifice was made in the Wanouchi area during the construction when a local retainer (Masuya Ihei) voluntarily gave his life by remaining under the rushing waters in order to keep a foundation pillar from moving until it could be secured from above. As well as aiding in the construction, this sacrifice was also treated as an offering to the gods ensuring the successful completing of the project. In Japanese, this sacrifice is referred to as hitobashira (人柱) meaning "human pillar."

Despite the many difficulties, the initial construction was completed in 1755. More than 80 lives were lost. The graves of 8 of these men are located around Wanouchi, serving as a constant reminder of the great sacrifices made so that people could live in a safer environment.
- source : wikipedia


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Kamashita no Hitobashira 釜下の人柱
Asaba village 浅羽町 - Shizuoka, Chuen 静岡県磐田市 - 中遠広域

It happened during the time of the warring states 戦国時代.
The river Haranoyagawa 原野谷川 flows in the west of Asaba village. At that time there were no bridges across and at the river flowed quite wild, meandering like a serpent and often caused flooding during strong rain periods.

So the farmers could not tend to their rice paddies close to the river in peace. The Lord of the region had a dike built along the riverbank but it only reached about half of the village, where the river turned a huge curve. Every time during a strong rain the dike broke, the flood waters taking with them more earth, hollowing the ground more and more. So this area was called "Under the kettle" 釜下 Kamashita, and all were afraid of it. The waters, after having destroyed the dike, flowed on to the next villages, 米丸村 Yonemarumura and 一色村 Ishikimura and destroyed their fields as well.



The elders of the villages came together and tried to find a solution. They came up with the idea to offer a human sacrifice to the Deity of Water 水神 and pray for his support.
But who should it be? Whom should they choose?

Then an arrow with white feathers landed on the roof of a tenant farmer. The village headman invited the young man to his home, gave him a lot of delicious food to eat and all the sake he could drink. Then he asked the young man to become the human sacrifice and well, the young man accepted for the sake of all.

Once again they began to build a strong embankment, using thick pillars and more earth than before. It was really a fine embankment!
And indeed, it was never destroyed by flooding again.
All the villagers felt very gratefull toward the young man.

Much later, in the Edo period, they succeeded to dig a confluence for the rivers Haranoyagawa and 太田川 Otagawa and the flow of the river changed again.
Slowly they began to forget all about the young man.

Only in the home of the village headman, the story of the arrow and the young man was kept alive, told again and again and all kept the feeling of greatfulnes for his sacrifice to our day.

- source : www.chuen.net/mukashi

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- quote
Kawanokami　川の神
A generic name for kami of rivers and streams. The lineage of this kami is not described in the classics. Nihongi's record of Emperor Nintoku's reign contains an anecdote regarding the offering of human sacrifices (hitobashira) to the river deity called "Lord of the River" (Jp. kahaku; Ch. Hebo) at the occasion of constructing a riverbank, and Nihongi's record of Empress Kōgyoku likewise notes that during a great drought, prayers were offered without effect to the "Lord of the River."
The Man'yōshū includes poems indicating that the river kami serves the emperor, and numerous records from the Nara period reflect the offering of prayers to the kami of famous mountains and great rivers.
- source : kokugakuin



CLICK for more photos !

kahaku, kawa no kami 河伯 River Deity, "river chief"
originally a Chinese river deity with a demon-like face.
Sometimes his face is part of a "demon tile" onigawara 鬼瓦　to protect a building from fire.
In Japan, another name for the water goblin Kappa

. kappa　河童 / 合羽　/ かっぱ Kappa water goblin - Kappapedia .
河伯（かわのかみ）kawa no kami 河の神 river deity / Kahaku Shushin 河伯主神
安福河伯神社 Abuku Kahaku Jinja, Miyagi

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Manga Mukashibanashi - hitobashira

平池の人柱
米子城の人柱と河童
富士川の人柱
猿供養寺の人柱
長柄の人柱
生贄が淵　－Ikenie

- source : http://nihon.syoukoukai.com

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ikenie　生贄 / 生け贄　human sacrifice


霊犬早太郎伝説
The legend of the spiritual dog Hayataro.

. . . the village of Mitsuke in Omi had a problem. The fields were destroyed by wild animals and as a precaution, the villagers had to offer a girl from the village to the deity of Shrine Yanahime Jinja 矢奈比売神社.

. Koozenji 光前寺 Kozen-Ji . Nagano


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. O-Mamori お守り　Amulets and Talismans .


. Fudō Myō-ō, Fudoo Myoo-Oo 不動明王 Fudo Myo-O
Acala Vidyârâja - Vidyaraja - Fudo Myoo .


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- - - - - H A I K U - - - - -

雪晴や柱をやめる人柱
yukibare ya hashira o yameru hitobashira

Takano Mutsuo 高野ムツオ (1947 - )


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橋の月誰人柱泣く夜かな
hashi no tsuki dare hitobashira naku yo kana

. 正岡子規 Masaoka Shiki .

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水鳥や美しければ人柱
野村喜舟

荒利根の蛇もなじめり人柱
高柳重信

蛾(ひひる)に暗し昼の/火の根に人柱
林桂

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. Pilgrimages to Fudo Temples 不動明王巡礼
Fudo Myo-O Junrei - Fudo Pilgrims - INTRODUCTION .


. Japan - Shrines and Temples - ABC .


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Posted By Gabi Greve to Gokuraku - Jigoku on 1/05/2015 10:28:00 am

FUDO - Kozen-Ji Nagano

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Koozenji 光前寺 Kozen-Ji
宝積山 Hoshakuzan/ Hoshakusan 光前寺 Kozen-Ji

長野県駒ヶ根市赤穂29番地
29 Akaho, Komagane-shi, Nagano-ken

The founder was Honjoo Shoonin 本聖上人 Saint Honjo Shonin in 860.
Saint Honjo had studied Mikkyo at Hieiszan and practises ascetics unter a waterfall of the river Otagirigawa 太田切川 / 太田切黒川の瀑 in Ngano, where later he founded the temple.




- - - - - Look at more photos here :
- source : www.city.komagane.nagano.jp


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Fudo Myo-O on the way to the temple


source :　www.city.komagane.nagano.jp


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The main statue is
a secret statue of Fudo Myo-O 不動明王.
Amulets are sold at the temple.



shuin stamp of the temple 光前寺 駒ヶ根 朱印



omamori amulet of the faithful dog Hayataro

霊犬早太郎伝説
The legend of the spiritual dog Hayataro.
"A Heroic Dog of the Kozenji Temple"

Once upon a time
There lived a strong mountain dog at the temple, called Hayatoaro by the priest and the villagers, who all loved the strong but gentle dog.
At that time, the village of Mitsuke in Omi had a problem. The fields were destroyed by wild animals and as a precaution, the villagers had to offer a girl from the village to the deity of Shrine Yanahime Jinja 矢奈比売神社.

In the year 1308 in August, a priest travelled in the region. He thought that the deities could not really be that bad and malicious and tried to find out what rally happened in the night of the festival. The monster arrived and said

「信州の早太郎おるまいな、早太郎には知られるな」
I hope Hayataro from Shinshu is not here,
I hope Hayataro does not know about this!"
And took the girl away.

So the monk travelled to Shinshu (Nagano) and found Hayataro at the temple Kozen-Ji. The priest agreed to help and during the festival next year, Hayataro was given as an offering instead of a maiden.
And what do you know?

Hayataro drove out the monster in no time, by the way, it was an old monkey （老ヒヒ）.
But while fighting with the monkey, Hayataro got a deep would. When he finally made his way back to Kozen-Ji he could only bark faintly once more and then died.
So the priest decided to give him a fine burial and pray for his soul from now on.

This story is written in the sacred history book of the temple and told to our day.

- - - Homepage of the temple
- source : www.kozenji.or.jp


. Inu Jinja 犬神社　dog shrines .
- Introduction -

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. - Join Fudo Myo-O on facebook - Fudō Myō-ō .

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. Pilgrimages to Fudo Temples 不動明王巡礼
Fudo Myo-O Junrei - Fudo Pilgrims .


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Posted By Gabi Greve to Fudo Myo-O - Introducing Japanese Deities at 2/10/2015 01:24:00 PM

DARUMA - Funado no Kami

LINK
http://darumapilgrim.blogspot.jp/2005/09/doosojin-wayside-gods.html

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岐戸大神 / 岐戸の神 / 岐ノ尊 kido okami, Kido no Kami
a deity to show the way
岐戸大神は道案内の神

Funado no Kami , Kunado no Kami 岐の神（ふなどのかみ、くなどのかみ）
Chimata no Kami 巷の神（ちまたのかみ）または
Tsuji no Kami 辻の神（つじのかみ）"crossroad deity



- source : 　都辨志呂神社


- quote -
Funado / [Funado no kami](Nihongi)
Other names: Kunado sae no kami (Nihongi),
Tsukitatsu Funado no kami (Kojiki)
The first of the kami produced by Izanagi as he threw down his staff in preparation for ablutions at "Awakihara by the Strait of Tachibana in Hyūga of Tsukushi" following his visit to the underworld (Yomi).

According to an "alternate writing" transmitted by Nihongi, Izanagi blocked the road at the "even pass of Yomi" with a rock that would require 1,000 men to pull. Ordering Izanami not to come beyond that point, he flung down his staff, which became the kami Funado. Another alternate version transmitted by Nihongi relates that Funado was produced when Izanagi cast down his staff to the thunders, telling them, "Do not come beyond this." This alternate also notes that the original name of Funado was Kunadosae no kami (kunado means "come not" and sae means "border"), a name describing a border tutelary believed to prevent the ingress of evil.
In short, Funado is dōsojin. This role as kami of roads and borders is reflected in still another "alternate writing" in Nihongi, which states that "Futsunushi no kami made Kunado no kami his guide."
Likewise, the norito litany Michiae no matsuri (Feast of the Roads) found in Engishiki includes the name of the kami Kunado as well as Yachimatahiko and Yachimatahime (kami of the "eight byways").

- source : Nishioka Kazuhiko - Kokugakuin 2005


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道祖神　Doosojin

DARUMA - yakimono

LINK
http://darumasan.blogspot.jp/2006/09/yakimono-pottery.html


Yakimono 焼物　Daruma in and on pottery


　達磨さんの焼物散歩 　 - The Basics

Japanese Pottery!
The oldest pottery in the world and in the long history of its development there are so many styles and areas involved, it is easy to loose track.
Talking about Japanese Pottery and Daruma san, I make the distinction between Daruma as a decorative figure or statue (okimono 置物), Daruma painted on a piece of pottery for use, for example a teacup, a soy sauce poorer or an oil dish. In this field we find Daruma almost everywhere! I will cover that in the separate stories.
And finally pottery items for use in the form of Daruma, for example incense burners, toothpick holders and the like. This also calls for different stories. Many pottery centers have some special type of Daruma objects, so I will cover the Pottery of Arita, Bizen, Kutani, Oribe etc. in extra stories.

There might be more in time.

. My ALBUM - Pottery .

. My ALBUM - Kutani 九谷焼　Pottery .

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Modern Japanese Ceramics:
Pathways of Innovation & Tradition
by Anneliese Crueger (Author), Wulf Crueger (Author), Saeko Ito (Author)



For more than 30 years, Dr. Anneliese and Dr. Wulf Crueger—guided by Saeko Itô—have devoted themselves to studying, understanding, and collecting Japanese ceramics. Today, they share the rich fruits of their knowledge with this lavishly illustrated volume based on their own collection. The equivalent of Roberts Museum Guide, devotees of beautiful ceramics can pick it up and use it to select and visit potters as they undertake an artistic tour of the country.
Organized geographically, it goes from kiln to kiln—which in Japan may refer to a lone site or an entire ceramics region that contains hundreds of workshops. Along the way, they outline the history, development, and unique stylistic characteristics of each area's work, and the traditions that inspired it.
- source : www.amazon.com


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..... Aritayaki <> 有田焼　Pottery from Arita

..... Bizen Pottery 備前焼　

..... Karatsuyaki 唐津焼 Pottery from Karatsu

..... Kutaniyaki <> Pottery from Kutani　九谷焼　

..... Mishimayaki <> Pottery from Mishima 三島焼　

..... Oribeyaki <> Pottery in the Oribe Tradition　織部焼　


..... Satsuma Ware　薩摩焼　

..... Shinoyaki 志野焼 Shino Pottery



..... Sumida Pottery 隅田焼 Vase with Daruma


..... Tokoname Pottery 常滑焼　


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..... Hamada Chawan

..... Items from Robert Yellin - Sake Cups and Flasks

..... Gabi it Takamatsu - Daruma Hunting

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- shared by Robert Yellin - facebook

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