10 Jun 2015

DARUMA - Roku Jizo



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- Jizo Bosatsu 地蔵菩薩 - ABC-List -
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Roku Jizō, Roku Jizoo 六地蔵 Roku Jizo, Six Jizo Statues


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- quote
Jizō vowed to assist beings in each of the Six Realms of Desire and Karmic Rebirth, in particular those in the hell realm, and is thus often shown in groupings of six.

.. more details on the six states (also called the Six Paths of Transmigration or Reincarnation, the Wheel of Life, the Cycle of Samsara, or Cycle of Suffering), ..
In Japan, groupings of six Jizō statues (one for each of the Six Realms) are quite common and often placed at busy intersections or oft-used roads to protect travelers and those in "transitional" states. Jizō also often carries a staff with six rings, which he shakes to awaken us from our delusions. The six rings likewise symbolize the six states of desire and karmic rebirth and Jizō's promise to assist all beings in those realms. In Japanese traditions, the six rings, when shaken, are also meant to make a sound and thus frighten away any insects or tiny animals in the direct path of the pilgrim, thus ensuring the pilgrim does not slay or accidentally kill any life form.
In Chinese traditions, Jizō shakes the six rings to open the doors between the various realms.

Worship of the Six Jizō can be traced back to the 11th century in Japan, but this grouping has no basis in Mahayana scripture or in the writings of Buddhist clergy. Its origin is probably linked to a similar grouping of Six Kannon (one for each of the six realms) that appeared in the early 10th century in Japan's Tendai 天台 sect. This grouping of Six Kannon originated much earlier in China, and draws its scriptural basis from the Mo-ho-chih-kuan (Jp. Makashikan 摩訶止観), a work (circa 594 AD) by the noted Chinese Tien-tai master Chih-i 智顗 (538 - 597). By the 11th century, Japan's Shingon sect also began venerating the Six Kannon. The worship of Six Jizō appeared around the same time. The six emanations of Jizō vary among temples and sects.



- - - - - Six Jizō (listed in Butsuzō-zu-i 仏像図彙, 1690) :

Chiji Jizō 地持地蔵, also known as Gosan Jizō 護讃地蔵
Darani Jizō 陀羅尼地蔵, also known as Ben-ni Jizō 牟尼地蔵
Hōshō Jizō 宝性地蔵, also known as Hashō Jizō 破勝地蔵 or Gasshō Jizō 合掌地蔵
Keiki Jizō 鶏亀地蔵, also known as Enmei Jizō 延命地蔵 or Kōmi Jizō 光味地蔵
Hōshō Jizō 法性地蔵, also known as Fukyūsoku Jizō 不休息地蔵
Hōin Jizō 法印地蔵, also known as Sanryū Jizō 讃龍地蔵


Hats for Six Jizō, Popular Children's Book
Kasa Jizō 笠地蔵 (Hatted Jizō or Jizō with Hat),
also known as Hibō Jizō 被帽地蔵) is an extremely popular fairy tale attributed to both Iwate and Fukushima prefectures. Below summary from the Japan Society. On New Year's Eve, a poor old man goes to the village, hoping to sell a piece of cloth his wife wove to make some money for the New Year's holiday. He meets a man who is trying to sell straw hats, and he exchanges the cloth with the man's five hats. On the way back home in the snow, the old man spots six stone statues of Jizō looking cold. The kind old man covers their heads with five straw hats and his own scarf. He returns home with empty hands but his wife is happy for what he has done. During the night of New Year's Eve, the six Jizō reward the couple for the their unselfish generosity.
- source : Mark Schumacher -




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Six Jizo moving during the earthquake



On the morning after the strong earthquakes of March 11, felt here three times with a strength of about 6 within two hours, these six statues had changed their direction, from looking south, to about 90 degrees further toward the direction of the earthquake, toward Sakae-mura village 栄村.
The road and railway were disrupted and the 2000 villagers had to be evacuated.

The statues are about 70 cm high, made of stone.
The first Jizo, the leader, did not change his position, but the six others faced Sakae-Mura as if to protect the villagers from harm. And indeed, no casualities in the village.

Now they are venerated even more as protectors of the village.



The Six Earthquake Jizo Statues

. Japan - after the BIG earthquake 2011 .

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Rokutai - 六体童形地蔵像 Six Jizo as Children
鞍馬寺 Kurama Temple, Kyoto

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Alphabetical order of the prefectures :

....................................................................... Ehime 愛媛県  .......................................................................

喜多郡 Kita gun

reikon 霊魂

死人と血の濃い者が、霊魂を菩提寺へ連れて行くとて、溝を渡る時はそのことを告げ、橋を渡る際も同じように知らせる。寺に着けば持参の六道銭を一文づつ六地蔵尊に供え参り、霊魂は本尊の檀下の穴から裏面の位牌堂へ飛び越す。生前に善光寺に行ってない亡霊は葬式までに善光寺へお手判取りに行って戻る。

....................................................................... Fukushima 福島県  ...................................................................

Jizo and the Old Man
Once upon a time
there lived an old man and an old woman. The new year was just around the corner, so the old woman, with flaxen textiles she had woven by hand with heart and soul, said to the old man,
"The new year is coming closer. We'd better sell these textiles in Tadami and prepare for the new year. Would you go to Tadami to sell them?"
"All right," said the old man, and totteringly set out for Tadami in the rain, wearing a straw rain coat and a bamboo hat. In his hands were the textiles the old woman had woven.



- Read the end here:
. Minwa Jinja 民話神社 Minwa Shrine of Folk Tales .
Fukushima


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郡山市 Koriyama 湖南町 Konan village

地蔵さまの祟り The Curse of Jizo

地蔵様は六地蔵である。文政年間頃に地蔵様が邪魔になったので正福寺境内に移したところ熱病がはやった。もとの場所に戻すと熱病も治まった。


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いわき市 Iwaki

死人がでると檀那寺よりは十三仏の掛物、箱入りの六地蔵を持ってきて床にかけ安置する。しかし六地蔵を家の中にいれぬ処もある。優待してご馳走すれば始終六地蔵が出たがって村に死人が絶えないから虐待するのである。


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平田村 Hirata village

If a woman does not make offerings to the Roku Jizo, a stupid child will be born to her.
These children would go to the Roku Jizo and play "yarekarame やれからめ, tying their legs with the long hair they cut off.

....................................................................... Hyogo 兵庫県  .......................................................................

Sanjugonichime no mairi 三十五日目の山参り

餓鬼達が握り飯で争う間に極楽へ行く話

昔、兵庫県淡路島の辺りでは亡くなった人が遠い極楽へ向かい何日も旅をすると思われていた。貧しい百姓の長助も働きづめだった父親を亡くしたばかりで深く悲しんでいたが、長助の叔父は極楽に着けば生きていた時よりも幸せに暮らせるだろうと長助を慰めた。

叔父に励まされ長助は安心して畑仕事に打ち込めるようになったが、ある夜長助の枕元に極楽に旅立ったはずの父親が現れる。父親は極楽への道を歩いていたのだが、歩き続けてから三十五日目頃にようやく極楽が見えたかと思うと、恐ろしい餓鬼(飢えと乾きに苦しむ亡者)達が食い物をせがみ襲ってくるので引き返してきたのだという。

極楽に辿り着くには餓鬼達の腹を満たすしかないと父親が言うので、早速長助は十三個の握り飯を作ったが霊となった父親にはこの世の物は渡せない。しかし父親が東山寺(とうざんじ)の裏山があの世とこの世に通じている事を思い出し、長助は大急ぎで東山寺に来ると閻魔堂に四つ、六地蔵に六つの握り飯を供え父親の無事を祈った。

そうして長助はいよいよ東山寺の裏山へ上ったが、ここが餓鬼達のいる難所に通じていると思うと恐ろしくなり、長助は後ろ向きになって残り三つの握り飯を坂へ転がした。三つの握り飯は長い坂を転がると、やがて餓鬼達の前に落ちてきた。すると餓鬼達が握り飯の奪い合いを始めたため、その隙に父親は餓鬼達の前を通り抜け無事極楽へ行く事ができたのであった。

長助がこの出来事を叔父に話すと、叔父もそれはぜひ村人達にも伝えるべきだと喜んだ。この事があってから淡路島では三十五日目の法要の際、親戚一同で寺にお参りした後持ってきた十三個の握り飯のうち四つは閻魔堂に、六つは六地蔵に、残った三つは紙に包んで東山寺の裏山から後ろ向きに転がし、振り返らずに帰る習わしとなった。この三つの握り飯を餓鬼達が追いかけているうちに、亡くなった人達は無事この難所を通り抜ける事ができると言われている。


....................................................................... Ibaraki 茨城県  .......................................................................

水戸市 Mito town

Once one of the Roku Jizo went out to enjoy himself at night and did not come back.
So the villagers built a new one and placed it beside the 5 others.
But then - two years later, the old statue was back in its place - Jizo had come back.


....................................................................... Kyoto 京都府  .......................................................................


oonyuudoo 大入道 O-Nyudo Monster

Near the Roku Jizo crossing on the road to Nara there lived a Tanuki.
A villager tells the story of his boyhood, when he passed that road at night. There he met the monster O-Nyudo with the long neck. He was so afraid, he ran home all the way.



. Oonyuudoo 大入道 O-Nyudo Monster .



....................................................................... Nagano 長野県 .......................................................................

佐久市 Saku town

六反田にある。江戸時代,悪疫が流行った時,領主祢津の殿様がこの六地蔵を江戸に運ばせて,霊験によって悪疫の蔓延を阻んだという。江戸に運ぶときには大変重くて碓氷峠を越えるのに苦労したが,帰りには実に軽くなって容易に超えられた。


....................................................................... Niigata 新潟県 .......................................................................

O-Roku Jizo お六地蔵 The Venerable Roku Jizo

At the beginning of the Bon Dance in Autumn there appeared a beautiful girl which sang with a wonderful voice.
When the villagers followed her on the way home, she disappeared at the crossroads with the Roku Jizo.
She never came back for the Bon Dance and the villagers were sorry they had disturbed her incognito.

....................................................................... Shimane  島根県 .......................................................................

飯石郡 Iishi gun

昔、金原から大志戸へ向かう街道を馬に乗った1人の侍がいた。ちょうど大志戸の入口付近にある六地蔵(円柱の石に六地蔵を彫っている)の前を通りかかったところ、地蔵の力で落馬してしまったので、侍は怒って刀で六地蔵を縦に3つに切ってしまった。道路拡張のため、今は観音像とともに大志戸の入口付近の道の脇に祭っている。
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大正時代に奥明地区の徳島さんがリューマチにかかった。そこで家の前に六地蔵を置いたところ、よくなったという。


....................................................................... Tochigi 栃木県  .......................................................................

宇都宮市 Utsunomiya town

Oshidori 鴛鴦 A good couple

大町に六面に六地蔵を彫った五重の石塔があり、鴛鴦塚という。昔この辺りに猟師がいて、求食川上流の求食沼で、雄の鴛鴦を射止めて首を切り、体だけを持ち帰った。翌日同所で雌鳥を射止めると、その翼の下に雄鳥の首を抱いていた。之を見た猟師は発心し、本宮寺に入り、求食川の河畔に草堂を結び、鴛鴦夫婦の塚を設け、冥福を祈ったという。


....................................................................... Wakayama 和歌山県 .................................................................

東牟婁郡 北山村 Kitayama village

bakemono 化け物 a monster

昔、六地蔵の下に小判などの秘宝があり、他の土地からきた人が、その小判を掘り返して盗んだために、そこには化け物が出るという話である。


....................................................................... Yamagata 山形県  ...................................................................

中津川村 Nakatsugawa village

Rokubu 六部
ある家に六部が泊った。金を持っていたので細引きで絞め殺した。六部は「この家を絶やして六地蔵にしてやる」と言った。一時栄えたが、はたしてやがて絶えた。

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Sechs Jizo-Statuen an Wegkreuzungen

Nach dem Tode gehen die Seelen der Menschen einen der sechs Wege (rokudoo) zu einem der sechs Existenzbereiche, in dem jeweils auch eine Kannon-Figur zu ihrer Errettung wartet: Welt der Götter (Wunscherfüllende Kannon), Welt der Menschen (Reineits-Kannon), Welt der Dämonen (Elfköpfige Kannon), Welt der Tiere (Pferdeköpfige Kannon), Welt der hungrigen Totengeister (Tausendarmige Kannon) und Welt der Höllenbewohner (Heilige Kannon). Die sechs Jizoos führen aus diesen sechs Bereichen zum Paradies. Besonders häufig in der Joodo-Sekte.

Häufig als sechs einzelne Steinfiguren mit roten Lätzchen und Mützchen an Wegkreuzungen oder am Eingang eines Friedhofes. Ganz selten sechs Figuren auf einem Stein, entweder je eine auf einem sechseckigen Stein oder auf drei Flächen jeweils zwei Figuren. Dabei unten die Reliefs der Jizoo-Statuen und oben eine Öffnung zum Einstellen einer Lampe, wie bei einer Steinlaterne (juusei rokumentoo) oder mit einer einfachen schirmförmigen Abdeckung (tansei rokumentoo).

Es gibt auch sechs Jizoo-Statuen in sechs verschiedenen Tempeln, z.B. in Kyooto an den ehemaligen sechs großen Verkehrswegen der Stadt während der Edo-Zeit.
Sehr selten als sechs Holzstatuen.

Die sechs Jizoo-Statuen nach Ashida:
Yotenga Welt der Götter (ten); Juwel.
Hookon Welt der Menschen (jin); langer Pilgerstab.
Kongoogan Welt der Hölle (jigoku); Banner der Hölle.
Kongoohoo Welt der Hungergeister (gaki); Juwel.
Kongootoo Welt der kämpfenden Dämonen (ashura); Banner der Hölle.
Kongoohi Welt der wilden Tiere (chikushoo); langer Pilgerstab.

Die sechs Jizoo-Statuen nach Tanaka:
Jizoo Bereich Linke Hand Rechte Hand
Daijoochihi Hölle langer Pilgerstab Juwel
Daitokuseijoo Geister Juwel Wunschgewährung
Daikoomyoo Tiere Juwel Wunscherfüllendes Juwel Seijoomuku Dämonen Juwel Sutraschatulle
Daiseijoo Menschen Juwel Fürchtet Euch nicht!
Daikengo Götter Juwel Sutrarolle

Nach einer anderen Version werden sie als Bosatsu bezeichnet:
Jizoo Bosatsu, Hooshuu Bosatsu, Hoosho Bosatsu, Hooinshu Bosatsu, Jichi Bosatsu und Kengoi Bosatsu.

Andere Versionen mit gefalteten Händen, Rosenkranz, Pilgerstab (mit zwei Köpfen (jintoojoo) oder mit einem Drachenkopf) und wunscherfüllendes Juwel, Baldachin, Räucherbecken oder einer Gebetsfahne kommen ebenfalls vor.

Gabi Greve

. Sechs Jizo-Statuen an Wegkreuzungen .

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- - - - - reference - - - - -

yokai database 妖怪データベース - 17
- source : www.nichibun.ac.jp

manga nihon mukashibanashi
丈六地蔵
旧正月の大福もち
三十五日目の山参り
- source : nihon.syoukoukai.com -

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Roku Jizo and Seven Daruma


source : solitary journey

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六地蔵青野の端で暮れてゐる
roku jizoo aono no hate de kurete iru

six Jizo
at the end of a wild plain
in evening dusk . . .


小宅容義 Oyake Yasuyoshi

. natsuno 夏野 plains in summer, wild fields in summer .
aono 青野(あおの) green plains
uzukino 卯月野(うづきの)
satsukino 五月野(さつきの)plains in the fifth lunar month (in the rainy season)
no, nohara 野原 refers not the the planted fields, but to wild fields and plains, sometimes also translated as moors.
- kigo for all summer -

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冬うらら背丈のそろふ六地蔵
fuyu urara setake no sorou roku jizoo

bright winter day -
the hight of the six Jizo
all the same


みぞうえ綾 Mizoue Aya

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六地蔵の一体目深に夏帽載せ
北野民夫

赤とんぼ集めてをりぬ六地蔵
知崎浩子

三叉路に六地蔵立つ落し水
千原満恵



CLICK for more photos !


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- Jizo Bosatsu 地蔵菩薩 - Introduction -

. Pilgrimages to Jizo Bosatsu 地蔵菩薩 - 地蔵霊場 Jizo Reijo .

. Legends about Jizo Bosatsu - 地蔵菩薩 .




. Join the Jizo Bosatsu Gallery - Facebook .



. O-Mamori お守り Amulets and Talismans .

. Japan - Shrines and Temples - ABC List .


[ . BACK to DARUMA MUSEUM . TOP . ]
[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ] - - - #rokujizo - - -
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--
Posted By Gabi Greve to Gokuraku - Jigoku on 6/09/2015 01:06:00 p.m.

7 Jun 2015

MINGEI - Sanbo Taro Okayama


[http://darumasan.blogspot.jp/]
[ . BACK to DARUMA MUSEUM TOP . ]
. minwa 民話 folktales / densetsu 伝説 Japanese Legends .
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Legends about Sanbo Taro, Mitsuho Taro 三穂太郎 と伝説 - Okayama
Sanbo Taroo 三穂太郎 Sanbo Taro, Miho Taro, さんぶ太郎 Sanbu Taro

. Legends from Okayama 岡山の民話と伝説 .
- Introduction -



Sanbo Taro is a representative story of a Giant Legend 巨人伝説 of Okayama,

Once upon a time,
Masatomo 真兼, a member of a powerful Kan clan, visited the temple 菩提寺 Bodai-Ji in 奈義 Nagi and met a beautiful lady on the way. They soon became intimate and a baby boy was born, named 太郎 Taro. But the lady told her lover not to come in the room when she was nursing the baby.
Masatomo promised, but of course got very curious and peeked in one day.
There he saw a huge serpent as the real figure of his love, nursing the baby. The woman/snake now had to leave her husband and son, but the boy stayed and grew up to be a man, after his snake-mother had provided a treasure ball with five colors 五色の玉.

He became very large and could reach Kyoto with just three steps of his long legs.
That is why they called him Sanbo Taro 三歩太郎(さんぼ太郎、三穂太郎) (Taro making three steps).
Nobody has ever seen his full figure from head to toe, he was just too big.

Taro had to get 豊田姫 Princess Toyoda Hime from a locla clan as his wife and they had children together.
But he was really in love with 小夜姫 / 佐用姫 Princess Sayo Hime from 佐用 播州 Sayo in Banshu (Harima, now Hyogo). Sayo Hime was quite jealous and when Taro came to visit, she spiked his straw sandals with needles.
When Taro took a step, the pain made him jump high into the sky and then his body fell down, scattering in bits and pieces all over the place.
Other versions tell of poison on the needles and Taro died from this poison.

His blood and muscles
formed the black earth in Nihonbara as Kuroboko in North Okayama, 血肉は日本原一帯のクロボコ(黒土).
In Nagi 奈義町関本 there is a place where his head is worshipped - 頭様 - at Miho Jinja.
In Mimasaka, Ute 美作市右手 his right hand is worshipped as 右手大明神 Ute Daimyojin.
In Nagi, Saibara 奈義町西原 his body is worshipped as 荒関荒神 Araseki Kojin.
In Tottori, Haji, 鳥取県土師 his shoulder is worshipped as Nyakuichi sama ニャクイチ様

Maybe these legends reflect the spread of the influence of the Kan clan.



Miho Jinja 三穂神社(三穗・みほ)
三穂大明神 Miho Daimyojin

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Shrine to venerate thr right hand, 右手大明神 Ute Daimyojin.

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The KAN clan of Mimasaka 美作菅氏
Sanbo Taro is most probably a descendant of 菅原道真 Sugawara no Michizane. Some legends say that he was in fact
菅原実兼 / 真兼 Sugawara Masatomo.



三穂太郎満祐 Sanbo Taro Mitsusuke
It seems he was a real person, member of one of the seven branches of the Mimasaka Kan clan - 美作菅家七流.

菅党, 菅家 :
有元氏(武家)/ 廣戸氏(武家)/ 福光氏(武家)/ 植月氏(武家)/ 鷹取氏(武家)/皆木氏(武家)/ 豊田氏(武家)/ 江見氏(武家)/ 垪和氏(武家)/ 粟井氏(武家)/ 戸川氏(武家)/ 柳生氏(武家)

The 垪和氏 Haga shi, also written 垪賀・羽賀・方賀・芳賀.

. Sugawara Michizane 菅原道真 (845 - 903).


. 垪和族 The Haga Clan .
竹内流古武道 Takenouchi Budo

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- quote -
The Kasane Iwa is related to the story of Sanbutaro, the legendary giant of Mimasaka. It is said that at one point, Sanbutaro picked up an onigiri with chopsticks and when he bit into it, there was a small stone inside. Of course, he didn't eat the stone, so when he discovered it, he removed it. That stone is the Kasane Iwa and it sits here around Yunogo Onsen.



The Kasane Iwa is only a stone from the perspective of a giant! It is actually a very large boulder. It's nice when in the Yunogo Onsen area to wander over and see it. It's free and the associated story is fun.



The story of Sanbutaro and is told by the Karakuri Tokei からくり時計 (clock)
at the opposite end of Yunogo Onsen every hour.
- source : Mimasaka Travel Guide -


- - - - - Other places related to Sanbo Taro



Musubi Iwa オムスビ石 Onigiri Rock (Musubi Rock)
where he sat down to each his rice ball for lunch. The rock is about 10 meters high.
Hakamagasen 袴ヶ仙, a 931 m high mountain

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Ibo Ike イボ池 Pond / Ibo Ike Sama イボ池様
where he stuck his walking stick in the ground on his way to Kyoto. The water sprouts from an opening in the rocks.
Makabe 真加部


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CLICK for enlargement !

Recent acitvities at Miho Jinja.

- source : Naokimi on facebook -

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Katsuta district near Mount Nagisan / 勝田郡にある那岐山

The first sleet, icey rain in winter is called 三穂太郎 Sanbo Taro.
Sanbo Taro is seen as yama no kami, 山の神 the Deity of the Mountain.
He is also the ancestor of the 武士団 Kan samurai clan living at the foot of Mount Nagisan.
Their main festival was centered around this first sleet.

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蛇淵の滝 Waterfall at Jabuchi river pool

Sanbo Taro maybe ived as a serpent in the river pool 蛇渕 Jabuchi near Mount Nagisan.


The legends around Sanbo Taro remind of the legends about 天狗 Tengu goblins and 河童 Kappa water monsters.

There are many legends in Japan about a serpent as wife 蛇女房.
The serpent is seen as an incarnation of the Deity of Water, 水神.

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- quote -
Kono Shrine, known locally as Nyakuichisan
... driving up Rte 53 heading towards Tottori City passing through Chizu Town.
Inside the main shrine building was shelf upon shelf of wooden cutouts of hands and feet.



The origin of this custom lies in a legend from Okayama, south of Chizu.
There was a benevolent giant name of Sanbutaro ( or Sanbotaro). He was so large that he could reach Kyoto in only three strides!! His head was buried down in Okayama, but for some reason that I have been unable to find out, his hands and feet were buried here.
- source : ojisanjake.blogspot.jp -

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. . . CLICK here for Photos !

- - - - - - - - - - . Reference 三穂太郎 .

- source : kibi_iwakura -

- source : 立石憲利 Tateishi san -

- source : hunterslog.net/dragonology -


- source : wikipedia - 美作菅氏 -

- source : www.nichibun.ac.jp - 妖怪 データベース yokai database reference -

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. minwa 民話 folktales / densetsu 伝説 Japanese Legends .
- Introduction -

- - - #sanbotaro #sanbutaro #mitsuhotaro #mihotaro - - - - -
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. Join the MINGEI group on facebook ! .  



. Regional Folk Toys from Japan .



. Tohoku after the BIG earthquake March 11, 2011

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Posted By Gabi Greve to Omamori - Japanese Amulets on 6/06/2015 09:58:00 a.m.

5 Jun 2015

FUDO - mudras

LINK
http://fudosama.blogspot.jp/2006/05/mudra-of-fudo.html

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Mudra, Mudrā of Fudo Myo-O
(hand gestures, postures, emblems)




不動明王印 Fudo Myo-O no In

More about the hand positions and gestures of Buddha statues.

Daruma Mudra




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There are 14 mudra signs attributed to Fudo Myo-O in various sutras :

01 needle sign, one-legged sign, mystic mudra
02 treasure mountain mudra
03 head mudra
04 eye mudra
05 mouth mudra

06 mind symbol
07 back manual sign, shiso kaji in 印
08 shishi funjin sign (a lion at bay) 分身不動
09 fire-flame manual sign
10 kaen rinshi manual sign, cessation of fire

11 sankha manual sign
12 khadga sword manual sign, removes disaster
13 noose manual sign
14 three-legged diamond manual sign


Reference : Sampa Biswas

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GOKURAKU - jigoku-e paintings of hell



[http://darumasan.blogspot.jp/]
[ . BACK to DARUMA MUSEUM TOP . ]
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jigokue, jigoku-e 地獄絵 paintings of hell


CLICK for more hell paintings !


. Juu Oo 十王, Juo, Ju-O - 10 Ten Kings of Hell .
- Introduction -


- - - HELL SCROLLS - - -

Masuda Family Hell Scroll
Gaki Zoshi (Stories of Hungry Ghosts) Tokyo National eMuseum
Hell Scroll (Tokyo National eMuseum)
Hungry Ghosts Scroll (Tokyo National eMuseum)
Scroll of the Hungry Ghosts (Kyoto National Museum)
- source - Mark Schumacher -

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- quote
Depicting the horrors of hell through art
is a tradition in Buddhism that goes back at least 1,000 years in Japan. By depicting the suffering in store for sinners, the artworks were supposed to scare people onto the straight and narrow.
But if that's what this late 19th century scroll was for, it might have had the opposite effect. We've never seen such a cute hellscape!



This particular scroll is part of Waseda University's collection and is a copy by an artist called Kanshou of an unknown earlier hell scroll. His style is simple and kind of spindly, making the humans and devils look cartoonish. The combination that doodling style and the sometimes nonsensical situations makes for a very cute package, in our opinion.
- source : en.rocketnews24.com -

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- quote -
Hell Scroll - "There is yet another hell"
This scroll consists of seven painted scenes, six of which are accompanied by text. The scenes were based on descriptions of the sixteen lesser hells given in Kisekyô (literally, "Sutra of the World Arising"), which was translated into Chinese by Jnanagupta (d. 600).
- snip -

CLICK for more google photos from the scroll !

Each section of the text begins with the phrase, "There is yet another hell," to which is added a description based on Kisekyô, in which the cause for the sinners' fall into a particular hell is recorded. According to one view, however, the seventh scene, rather than depicting the "Hell of Foxes and Wolves" (J. Korô jigoku) described in Kisekyô, represents the "Hell of Wolves and Foxes" (J. Rô yakan nairi) that appears in Dairôtankyô ("Great Sutra of the World Arising").
Look at the illustrations :
- source : www.emuseum.jp -


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. discussion of facebook - May 2015 .

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Hell paintings on folding screens 地獄絵 襖絵 fusuma-e



(北上市永明寺蔵)Iwate Kitakami
from an exhibition at 北上市和賀町岩崎の鬼の館

- source : furusato.fmii.co.jp -



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Hell paintings on hanging scrolls  地獄絵 掛け軸 kakejiku





綾部安国寺の地獄絵 Hell paintings from Ankoku-Ji in Ayabe, Kyoto


. . . CLICK here for more Photos !


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jigoku ezu 地獄絵図 Hell Paintings


CLICK for more hell paintings !

冷え性の母に極彩地獄絵図
hieshoo no haha ni gokusai jigoku ezu

for my mother
who is always feeling so cold -
this colorful painting of hell


Hasegawa Sogyo (Hasegawa Soogyo) 長谷川双魚 (1897 - 1987)

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地獄絵図たんねんに見る西日来て
吉野義子

地獄絵図右往左往の紙魚の跡
島青櫻

地獄絵図拝して自戒常楽会
名越夜潮

地獄絵図方丈に吊り虫干しす
澤野粂子

地獄絵図赤く輝き冬に入る
細木蓉子

暑さなど何ぞ原爆地獄絵図
古橋成光

立ねぷたいちばん下は地獄絵図
松宮梗子

ソフトクリーム舐めて見てゐる地獄絵図
奥村せいち

十夜果て箱に収むる地獄絵図
北野民夫

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manga hell paintings


CLICK for more photos !

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図説 地獄絵の世界 The illustrated world of Hell Paintings
小栗栖 健治





地獄絵を旅する: 残酷・餓鬼・病・死体 Travelling in the world of Hell Paintings
加須屋誠




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- English reference -


. O-Mamori お守り Amulets and Talismans .


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- - - - - H A I K U - - - - -

地獄絵の鬼が溢るる春浅し
jigoku-e no oni ga afururu haru asashi

on the hell scroll
there are so many demons -
spring just beginning

Tr. Gabi Greve

榎本愛子 Enomoto Aiko

. WKD : "thin spring" 春浅し (はるあさし) haru asashi .



CLICK for more photos !

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地獄絵に空白はなし安居寺
jigoku e ni kuuhaku wa nashi Ango-Ji (Yassui-Ji)

on the hell painting
not a bit is unpainted -
temple Ango-Ji


松田都青 Matsuda san




- detail -


source : henro.gozaru.jp
「安居寺」と書いて「あんこじ」と読むらしい


- quote -
Ango-Ji / 富山県南砺市安居4941 / 4941 Yasui Nanto-shi, Toyama
In the 2nd year of the Yoro era (718 C.E.), Angoji temple was founded by Shingon Buddhist Patriarch Zenmui Sanzo, who was visiting from India. I
n the Nara period, it served as Emperor Shomu's temple, as well as that of the Kaga Domain in the Edo period, and is thus the home of many treasured items. Notable among these is the standing statue Mikae Amidanyorai, "The Staring Amida Tathagata". The most prized possession of the temple is a wooden statue of Kanon Bodhisattva from the early Heian period (designated important cultural asset), which can be seen at its unveiling once every year on October 18th.
- source : www.tabi-nanto.jp -

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地獄絵の火にあたたまる十二月
鈴木鷹夫

地獄絵の鬼に止れり春の蝿
栗田やすし

地獄図絵のなかへわめきて蝉の昼 河野南畦
地獄図絵昼つかさどる黒揚羽 河野多希女
地獄図絵朱責めの暑さつづきをり 河野多希女
地獄図絵黒き揚羽が寺を抜け 河野南畦 湖の森
地獄絵ざつと見て ま 何とかなりそう 沙羅冬笛
地獄絵に諭さるる子や地蔵盆 芦澤元子
地獄絵に野萩の風のひとしきり 南光 翠峰
地獄絵に青き山あり蕨餅 野池玉代
地獄絵に風の牡丹を加ふべし 大木あまり

地獄絵のあと涅槃図にひざまづく 石野 冬青
地獄絵のうらの金箔雁のこゑ 三森鉄治
地獄絵の女は白し秋の風 武藤紀子
地獄絵の底で暴れる冬の蝿 井上純郎
地獄絵の朱が目に残り迎鐘 田中驕星
地獄絵の朱色や爪で剥がしたき 池田澄子
地獄絵の水蒼かりし桜かな 有光令子
地獄絵の破れ繕ふ土用干 高田たみ子
地獄絵の襖開けたる花見かな 福島せいぎ
地獄絵の赤を春着の裾に見し 大山安太郎
地獄絵の赤深谷の茸にも 矢島渚男 船のやうに
地獄絵の飯の炎となるお風入れ 高澤良一
地獄絵の飯は火を噴き盆の寺 長谷川櫂

地獄絵を媼の拝む彼岸寺 渡辺威人
地獄絵を見て日盛りを戻るなり 佐藤信子
地獄絵を高く掛けゐし大昼寝 石寒太 翔
地獄絵を黒羽に吊る冬田かな 古舘曹人

寒詣一灯地獄絵を照らす 石倉啓補
廻廊に地獄絵並ぶ花祭 佐藤石花
春陰やむかしこの世の地獄図絵 稲垣きく
炎天を来て地獄絵に見入るなり 佐藤美恵子
白山茶花地獄絵のごと蜂群るゝ 高木雨路
秋風に赤き地獄絵かかりけり 八木林之介
鐘楼のなかの地獄絵うそ寒し 福田甲子雄
雪とける寺地獄絵に朝日射す 中山純子 沙羅
鶏頭花地獄絵の闇たつぷりと 石田阿畏子

こはごはと地獄絵のぞく宵閻魔 鈴木胡月
こほろぎや地獄絵花鳥なかりけり 斉藤夏風
冷まじや地獄絵仕置の白女體 高澤良一 素抱
- source : HAIKUreikuDB -

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かわいい仏像 たのしい地獄絵 - Gentle Buddha Statues - Enjoyable Hell Paintings
須藤 弘敏 (著), 矢島 新 (著) - amazon com


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. Japan - Shrines and Temples - ABC .


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- - #gokurakujigokue #jigokue #paintinsofhell #hellpaintings -
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--
Posted By Gabi Greve to Gokuraku - Jigoku on 6/01/2015 10:01:00 a.m.

PERSONS - Dokyo and Koken



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. - - - PERSONS - ABC - LIST of this BLOG - - - .
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Dookyoo, Dōkyō 道鏡 Dokyo
Monk Dokyo, Priest Dokyo (700 - 772)





- quote -
Dōkyō (700 – May 13, 772)
was a Japanese monk of the Hossō sect of Buddhism; and he was a political figure in the Nara period.
When Dōkyō cured the illness of Empress Kōken in 761, his place in her court was made secure and influential. When she returned to the throne as Empress Shōtoku following the Fujiwara no Nakamaro Rebellion, Dokyo was given authority over religious and civil matters.

In 766, an oracle from the Usa Shrine in Buzen Province was reported to predict peace in Japan if Dōkyō were named emperor. Soon after, a second oracle was brought to Kyoto by Wake no Kiyomaro. It stated:

Since the establishment of our state, the distinction between lord and subject has been fixed. Never has there been an occasion when a subject was made lord. The throne of the Heavenly Sun Succession shall be given to one of the imperial lineage; wicked persons should immediately be swept away.

In response to the second oracle, Dōkyō had Wake no Kiyomaro sent into exile in Ōsumi Province.

When the empress died, Dōkyō was banished from Nara.

Timeline

752 (Tenpyō-shōhō 4): Dōkyō was called to the court of Empress Kōken
761 (Tenpyō-hōji 5): Dōkyō cured empress of a serious illness
763 (Tenpyō-hōji 7): He was appointed Shōsōzu in the Buddhist hierarchy
765 (Tenpyō-jingo 1, 2nd month): Empress Shōtoku gave Dōkyō the newly created title of daijō-daijin zenji (Meditation Master who ranks as Chancellor)
766 (Tenpyō-jingo 2): Dokyo claimed that an Usa Hachiman oracle said that he should become Hō-ō (法王, literally, king of the dharma).He was given the title.
770 (Jingo-keiun 4): In the 5th year of Empress Shōtoku's reign, she died; and Dōkyō was exiled to Shimotsuke Province.

- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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- quote
もう一つの神託「道鏡」事件の真相を探る      
昔々、
奈良に都があった頃、道鏡(どうきょう)と言う、とても偉いお坊さんが居ました。このお坊さんは中国語は勿論、梵語(サンスクリット語)もペラペラの有数の知識人であったばかりでなく、気功術も会得した「超能力」をも兼ね備えていた超人だったので、天皇さまの病気も得意の呪法で、あっという間に治すことが出来ました。元気を取り戻された天皇さまは、この天才超人・道鏡を大変御気に召し、最初は少僧都に、次は大臣禅師に、また次には太政大臣禅師に任じられ、天平神護二年七月(766)には、ついに法王にまで任じられたのです。
それから1年半が過ぎた神護景雲三年正月三日、九州にある宇佐八幡宮は『道鏡を皇位につけよ』とのお告げがあったと奏上し、偉いお坊さんも、自分から望んで天皇になろうと思いました。と、まあ簡単に言えばそれだけのお話しなのですが、ことが皇位(天皇の位)に関る事であっただけに朝廷内は大騒動になったのです。それでは、事件の主役・道鏡とは、一体どのような人物だったのでしょう。
- source : www.ten-f.com/doukYoujiken -

Usa Hachiman Jinja 宇佐八幡神社
熊本市龍田町にある弓削神宮 Yuge Jinja in Kumamoto

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「道鏡か否か?愛に揺れた女帝」




source : chachachiako

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Kooken Tennoo 孝謙天皇 Koken Tenno Empress Kōken
- 称徳天皇 Empress Shōtoku. Shotoku
Empress Kōken (孝謙天皇 Kōken-tennō, 718 – August 28, 770),
also known as Empress Shōtoku (称徳天皇 Shōtoku-tennō), was the 46th (with Empress Kōken name) and the 48th monarch of Japan (with Empress Shōtoku name), according to the traditional order of succession.
Empress Kōken first reigned from 749 to 758, then, following the Fujiwara no Nakamaro Rebellion, she reascended the throne as Empress Shōtoku from 765 until her death in 770. Empress Kōken was involved in the Rasputin-like affair with priest Dōkyō and appointed him Grand Minister in 764. In 766 he was promoted to Hōō (priestly emperor) and in 770 had tried to ascend to throne by himself. Death of Empress and resistance of the aristocracy destroyed his plans. This incident was a reason for the later move of the Japanese capital from Nara (Heijō).
In the history of Japan, Kōken/Shōtoku was the sixth of eight women to take on the role of empress regnant.
. . .
Koken's reign was turbulent, and she survived coup attempts by both Tachibana Naramaro and Fujiwara no Nakamaro. Today, she is remembered chiefly for her alleged affair with a Buddhist monk named Dōkyō (道鏡), a man she honored with titles and power. An oracle from Usa Shrine, the shrine of the kami Hachiman (八幡 in Usa, is said to have proclaimed that the monk should be made emperor; but when the empress sent Wake no Kiyomaro (和気清麻呂) to verify the pronouncement, Hachiman decreed that only one of imperial blood should ascend to the throne.

Bender, Ross.
"The Hachiman Cult and the Dōkyō Incident,"
Monumenta Nipponica, Vol. 34, No. 2 (1979). pp. 125–153.

- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !


- quote -
Yuge no Dookyoo 弓削道鏡 Yuge no Dokyo
道鏡(どうきょう、文武天皇4年(700年)? - 宝亀3年4月7日(772年5月13日))

生地 - 河内国
没地 - 下野国
宗派 - 法相宗
師 - 義淵

奈良時代の法相宗の僧。物部氏の一族の弓削氏の出自で、弓削櫛麻呂の子。俗姓が弓削連であることから、弓削道鏡(ゆげのどうきょう)とも呼ばれる。兄弟に弓削浄人。天智天皇の皇子である志貴皇子の子とする異説もある。祈祷の力をもって皇室に取り入って権力を握り、政治に容喙した。


道鏡塚(下野市の龍興寺)

宇佐神託と左遷
姦通説 / 俗説 / 関連づけられた人物
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !


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- quote
"The Monk who Moved a Capital "
(from the Nihon Ryōiki )
It begins
"In ancient Japan, there was an unmarried Empress named Kōken . . .one day she fell ill and a handsome young Buddhist monk named Dōkyō went to her bedside to pray for her health."

The credited author is one "Takeshi Hanamoto,"
Ross Bender

new translation of Nihon Ryōiki by Burton Watson
-- Record of Miraculous Events in Japan (Columbia University Press, 2013).

The Vermilion Bridge: A novel of 8th Century Japan / Shelly Mydans
(Doubleday 1980).

Narachō no Seihen to Dōkyō (Yoshikawa Kōbunkan) / Takinami Sadako

Women in Japanese Religions (New York University Press, 2015). Barbara Ambros
. . .she notes
"Ultimately both Empress Wu Zetian and Shōtoku were reviled as bad rulers by later Confucian historians who resented both their patronage of Buddhism and the fact that they were female rulers." (pp. 50-51).
Wu Zetian of course was the only woman who ruled China as an Empress in her own right.

Follow the discussion here:
- source : PMJS forum


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- Reference - Japanese -

- Reference - English -


. Introducing Japanese Haiku Poets .

- KAPPA 河童 water goblin - ABC-Index -
- - - #dookyoo #dokyo - - -
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Posted By Gabi Greve to PERSONS - index - PERSONEN on 6/01/2015 05:30:00 a.m.

PERSONS - Tokugawa Tsunayoshi



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Tokugawa Tsunayoshi 徳川綱吉
inu kuboo, Inu-Kubō 犬公方 Inu Kubo, the Dog Shogun


(1646 - 1709)



- quote
the fifth shogun of the Tokugawa dynasty of Japan. He was the younger brother of Tokugawa Ietsuna, thus making him the son of Tokugawa Iemitsu, the grandson of Tokugawa Hidetada, and the great-grandson of Tokugawa Ieyasu.

He is known for instituting animal protection laws, particularly for dogs. This earned him the nickname of "the dog shogun."
- snip -
In 1691, Engelbert Kaempfer visited Edo as part of the annual Dutch embassy from Dejima in Nagasaki. He journeyed from Nagasaki to Osaka, to Kyoto, and there to Edo. Kaempfer gives us information on Japan during the early reign of Tokugawa Tsunayoshi. As the Dutch embassy entered Edo in 1692, they asked to have an audience with Shogun Tsunayoshi. While they were waiting for approval, a fire destroyed six hundred houses in Edo, and the audience was postponed. Tsunayoshi and several of the ladies of the court sat behind reed screens, while the Dutch embassy sat in front of them. Tsunayoshi took an interest in Western matters, and apparently asked them to talk and sing with one another for him to see how Westerners behaved. Tsunayoshi later put on a Noh drama for them.
- snip -
Owing to religious fundamentalism, Tsunayoshi sought protection for living beings in the later parts of his rule. In the 1690s and first decade of the 18th century, Tsunayoshi, who was born in the Year of the Dog, thought he should take several measures concerning dogs. A collection of edicts released daily, known as the Edicts on Compassion for Living Things (生類憐みの令 Shōruiawareminorei, Shorui Awaremi no Rei) told the populace, inter alia, to protect dogs, since in Edo there were many stray and diseased dogs walking around the city.
Therefore, he earned the pejorative title Inu-Kubō (犬公方:Inu=Dog, Kubō=formal title of Shogun).
In 1695, there were so many dogs that Edo began to smell horribly.
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For the latter part of Tsunayoshi's reign, he was advised by Yanagisawa Yoshiyasu.[1] It was a golden era of classic Japanese art, known as the Genroku era.
© More in the WIKIPEDIA !




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. Nerima daikon 練馬大根 radish from Nerima .
- - - has been introduced by Tokugawa Tsunayoshi, 5th shogun, to help feed the growing population of Edo.


. The Temple Bell at Asakusa, Senso-Ji .
- - - was cast at the orders of the shogun Tsunayoshi.


. Nezu Jinja 根津神社 Nezu Shrine .
The shrine pavilions we see today were constructed under the orders of Tsunayoshi Tokugawa (1646-1709), the fifth Shogun, in 1706.



. 柳澤吉保 Yanagizawa Yoshiyasu . [1658 -1714]
special retainer of Tsunayoshi.


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The Dog Shogun:
The Personality and Policies of Tokugawa Tsunayoshi

Author: Beatrice Bodart-Bailey




Tsunayoshi (1646–1709), the fifth Tokugawa shogun, is one of the most notorious figures in Japanese history. Viewed by many as a tyrant, his policies were deemed eccentric, extreme, and unorthodox. His Laws of Compassion, which made the maltreatment of dogs an offense punishable by death, earned him the nickname Dog Shogun, by which he is still popularly known today. However, Tsunayoshi's rule coincides with the famed Genroku era, a period of unprecedented cultural growth and prosperity that Japan would not experience again until the mid-twentieth century. It was under Tsunayoshi that for the first time in Japanese history considerable numbers of ordinary townspeople were in a financial position to acquire an education and enjoy many of the amusements previously reserved for the ruling elite.

Based on a masterful re-examination of primary sources, this exciting new work by a senior scholar of the Tokugawa period maintains that Tsunayoshi's notoriety stems largely from the work of samurai historians and officials who saw their privileges challenged by a ruler sympathetic to commoners. Beatrice Bodart-Bailey's insightful analysis of Tsunayoshi's background sheds new light on his personality and the policies associated with his shogunate. Tsunayoshi was the fourth son of Tokugawa Iemitsu (1604–1651) and left largely in the care of his mother, the daughter of a greengrocer. Under her influence, Bodart-Bailey argues, the future ruler rebelled against the values of his class. As evidence she cites the fact that, as shogun, Tsunayoshi not only decreed the registration of dogs, which were kept in large numbers by samurai and posed a threat to the populace, but also the registration of pregnant women and young children to prevent infanticide. He decreed, moreover, that officials take on the onerous tasks of finding homes for abandoned children and caring for sick travelers.

In the eyes of his detractors, Tsunayoshi's interest in Confucian and Buddhist studies and his other intellectual pursuits were merely distractions for a dilettante. Bodart-Bailey counters that view by pointing out that one of Japan's most important political philosophers, Ogyû Sorai, learned his craft under the fifth shogun. Sorai not only praised Tsunayoshi's government, but his writings constitute the theoretical framework for many of the ruler's controversial policies. Another salutary aspect of Tsunayoshi's leadership that Bodart-Bailey brings to light is his role in preventing the famines and riots that would have undoubtedly taken place following the worst earthquake and tsunami as well as the most violent eruption of Mount Fuji in history—all of which occurred during the final years of Tsunayoshi's shogunate.

The Dog Shogun is a thoroughly revisionist work of Japanese political history that touches on many social, intellectual, and economic developments as well. As such it promises to become a standard text on late-seventeenth and early-eighteenth-century Japan.
- source : www.uhpress.hawaii.edu/ -

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Posted By Gabi Greve to PERSONS - index - PERSONEN on 6/05/2015 10:18:00 a.m.

4 Jun 2015

WASHOKU / EDO - history of sugar

LINK
http://washokufood.blogspot.jp/2008/02/wasanbon.html

All kinds of sugar (砂糖 satoo)
see below

. satookibi, satoo kibi 甘蔗 Satokibi, sugar cane .

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History of Sugar in Japan
Documents show that sugar was first brought to Japan from China in the mid-eighth century as a luxury used mainly as a medicine. The primary source of sweetening in ancient times was either maltose candy or amazura ivy extract. As trade with the continent flourished from the fourteenth to seventeenth centuries, imports of sugar increased and its use expanded as a sweetener used in cooking. The practice of the tea ceremony spread among the upper classes during this period, and sweets made with sugar were developed to accompany the tea. The tradition of sweets that evolved along with the tea ceremony—virtual works of art created from sugar—form a culture of confectionery that Japan can be proud of. It was not until the eighteenth century, however, when sugar cane began to be cultivated in Japan, that sugar became more readily available to the common people.
-- Evolution of a Culture of Sweets
-- Japan's Distinctive Sweet Cuisine
- source : kikkoman.com/foodforum -



. Tanuma Okitsugu 田沼意次 .
encouraged the trade of white European sugar via the merchants of Nagasaki.
He also introduced the plant satokibi , first grown at his request at a Nichiren temple, the Ikegami Honmon-Ji 池上本門寺 in the South of Edo. From there its growth spread to other suitable areas of Japan.


- Ikegami Honmon-Ji 池上本門寺 - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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Sweetness and Empire:
Sugar Consumption in Imperial Japan




I argue that although sugar was consumed as a luxury item in early-modern Japan, in the early decades of the twentieth century, and especially during the war years, the consumption of sweets became inseparable from the idea of Japanese modernity, linked to the act of consumption within the sphere of Japanese empire.

- source : Barak Kushner (バラク・クシュナー) -

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3 Jun 2015

SHINTO - Suimu Jinja mikoshimakuri festival

LINK
http://darumasan.blogspot.jp/2005/10/danjiri-festival-float.html

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Suimu Jinja Mikoshi makuri 水無神社 神輿まくり
(スイムジンジャ)

Shrine festival where simple wooden mikoshi, made anew every year, are paraded through town for two days and then
thrown on the road, forward and sideways, with people standing on them, jumping off in the last moment . . .



Suimu Shrine (水無神社) is located in Kiso, Nagano Prefecture. Record said, it was established in the middle of the 13th century. It has thousand years old Hinoki Trees. Inside of the hall, there are many beautiful large Ema votive tablets. It has been respected by the people of Kiso as the guardian of the valley.
The most famous festival Mikoshimakuri, takes place on July 23.

Kiso Fukushima 木曽福島町内 Nagano
CLICK for more photos !
- source : www.nanchara.net/mikoshimakuri -



Minashi Jinja 水無神社
located in the city of Takayama, Gifu Prefecture, Japan. The kanji for the shrine are also sometimes read as Suimu. The full name is Hida Ichinomiya Minashi Shrine (飛騨一宮水無神社 Hida Ichinomiya Minashi Jinja), as it was once the main shrine of Hida Province.
. . . believed that it was constructed during the reign of Emperor Seiwa during the late-9th century.

Because of firebombing activities during World War II, Minashi Shrine served as a refuge for Atsuta Shrine's Kusanagi from August 21 to September 19, 1945.
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