MINGEI - Hyogo, Kobe, Himeji

http://omamorifromjapan.blogspot.jp/2011/08/hyogo-folk-toys.html

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Hyogo Folk Art - 兵庫県　

The capital is Kobe city 神戸市.

former provinces of Harima, Tajima, Awaji, - and parts of Tamba and Settsu.
Banshu 播州 - Harima no Kuni 播磨国

Himeji 姫路
Himeji Castle, white crane castle 白鷺城 shirasagi joo　

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Akashi town 明石市

. Mikuriya Jinja Shrine amulets 御厨神社 .

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Kakinomoto no Hitomaro 柿本人麻呂 or 柿本人麿
(c. 662 – 710)
©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !

Kakinomoto Jinja 柿本神社 Shrine
in his honor, with an amulet and pottery figures :

okutopasu - オクトパス　- oku to pass - octopus
if you put it up there (on your desk) you pass the examination !



. Octopus (tako　蛸　/ たこ) .

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source : city.tatsuno.lg.jp/rekibun

Kakinomoto from Akashiyaki pottery 明石焼
They were made for the shrine, but in a typoon in 1957, the kiln was destroyed.

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Arima onsen 有馬温泉 Arima hot spring

. ningyoo fude 人形筆 pen dolls .

. Arima kago　有馬籠　bamboo baskets .

. Arima Hot Spring Legends .


Ashiya Chigusa Ningyoo　あしや千種人形　posture dolls from Ashiya
..... handmade dolls that have been handed down and made by housewives in Ashiya as hobby handicrafts since 1951 in the postwar rehabilitation period.
Ashiya Chigusa Dolls originated from Kohagi Dolls. Kohagi Dolls have long been made in Hagi in Yamaguchi Prefecture. Our great master Ryo Araki (1900-2001) made sustained efforts to add refinements to Kohagi Dolls in accordance with the elegant character of Ashiya, thus completing Ashiya Chigusa Dolls.

The most attractive feature of Ashiya Chigusa Dolls is that we can create an abundant variety of postures and scenes according to ideas and genuine skills in spite of the familiar materials and simple structures.
source : www.chigusa-ningyo.com

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Awajishima 淡路島 Awaji Island

. danjiri だんじり festival floats .
fune 舟 boats


Ame no nuboko 天沼矛(あめのぬぼこ) heavenly jeweled spear
amanonuboko あまのぬぼこ
. Izanagi Jingu 伊弉諾神宮 Shrine on Awaji Island .

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Hikami village 氷上町

. Inabata tsuchi ningyoo 稲畑土人形 clay dolls from Inabata .

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Himeji town 姫路市



. Himeji hariko 姫路張り子 papermachee dolls .　
and more about Himeji Castle
hachimaki Daruma 鉢巻き達磨 Daruma with a headband
Himeji hariko 姫路張子 papermachee dolls
Mitsuyama Hariko, Hitotsuyama Hariko 　三つ山 /一つ山張子
Himeji Papermachee Masks 　姫路張子の面
Seaweed Daruma from Daikaku-ji, Amagasaki, yakuyoke Daruma　
尼崎大覚寺のこんぶ達磨, 厄よけだるま to ward off evil
- - - - - Himeji Toy Museum 姫路玩具博物館

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Himeji no koma 姫路のこま spinning tops
made from wood of the えごのき ego no ki, Styracaceae, also called チシャ.
There are about 10 different types、文七独楽、ぶち独楽、紋入り独楽、源水独楽、鬼独楽、糸引き独楽.
The main colors are red and green.



"Himeji Tops" have a 100-year history. They are very stable and spin for a long time. They are often given as gifts to boys in order to encourage them to become independent, as symbolized by the tops.
- source : sansenya.com/products -

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. Himeji kawazaiku　 姫路革細工 leather art from Himeji .
Himeji Tanned Leather 姫路革細工 / 姫路白なめし革 "white leather"
source : http://www.hyogo-tourism.jp
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Myoochin hibashi 明珍火箸 Himeji Myochin Wind Chimes



The "Myochin Tong Wind Chimes" creates a clear and subtle sound. These tongs were originally used as charcoal tongs in the tea ceremony, and now the prefectural authority recognizes this traditional craft. The Myochin family, who manufactured armor for the Himeji feudal government, invented these chimes. It is said that Rikyu Sen, founder of the tea ceremony, also enjoyed using these tongs.
source :　http://sansenya.com/products

Myochin hibashi :
source : http://www.hyogo-tourism.jp

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Himeyama ningyoo 　姫山人形　Himeyama dolls


CLICK for more photos!

"Himeyama Dolls" are carved in a way to emphasize the beauty of the grain in plain wood. Once you hold the doll in your hands and look into its face, you will be filled with warmth and tenderness.
source :　http://sansenya.com/products.

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Shoosha nuri 書写塗　Lacquer Ware and
Shirasagi some　しらさぎ染 Shirasagi Dyed Cloth

. . . CLICK here for laquer ware Photos !
. . . CLICK here for cloth Photos !

Two traditional craft works have been revived recently: "Shosha Lacquer Ware", handed down at the Engyoji Temple of Shosha　圓教寺（円教寺）
and "Shirasagi Dyed Cloth", given as a gift by Hideyoshi Toyotomi to Nobunaga Oda. Both craft works are popular as souvenirs.
source :　http://sansenya.com/products.

Himeji Urushi 漆工芸 laquer ware
source :　himeji.jibasan.jp

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. Kuroda Kanbei Yoshitaka 黒田官兵衛 孝高 .
(1546 - 1604) - and NHK Drama 2014


source :　www.city.himeji.lg.jp/koho/press/


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Kasai town 加西市 - 北条 Hojo

Hoojoo no futonyatai 北条の布団屋台 Hojo Futon Floats

Shizuki Mikoshi 志筑神興 mikoshi from Shizuki town
播州地方のみこし mikoshi from Banshu


source : city.tatsuno.lg.jp/rekibun

. mikoshi 神輿 festival float - Introduction .


Banshu no aki matsuri 播州の秋祭り Autumn festival at Banshu
布団屋台 special festival Mikoshi portable shrines
. . . CLICK here for Photos of the festival !

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dai hagoita 大羽子板 great battledore
They were given to girls on New Year to pray for health and good luck.


- source : city.tatsuno.lg.jp/rekibun/gangu -


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Kami town 加美町

Sugihara shi, Harima shi 播磨紙 washi paper from Sugihara valley 杉原谷

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The greatest characteristic of Sugihara-gami is its whiteness. While there are some bleached white paper today, Sugihara-gami has more natural whiteness compared to those produced in other places. The black color of "Sumi", the ink for calligraphy stands out, if you write letters with it on Sugihara-gami.
To create this whiteness, craftsmen never fail to perform a process of Kawasarasi (washing paper in the river for bleaching) in winter. Its fluffiness is another characteristic of Sugihara-gami; Its processed products are very soft to the touch.
A designated traditional craft by Hyogo Pref.
- source : jtco.or.jp/en/japanese-crafts -

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Kinosaki onsen 城崎温泉 Kinosaki hot spring

mugiwarazaiku 麦わら細工 handicraft from wheat straw



Museum for straw craft 城崎麦わら細工伝承館
source : www.kinosaki-spa.gr.jp

quote
About two hundred eighty years ago, a craftsman came to Kinosaki for bathing in the hot springs. He sold flutes, tops, and other items that had colored straw pasted on them for the first time. Characteristically, crafts using straw have a pleasant feel, like silk, and high-grade luster.
In the museum, the works of modern craftsmen and the works from the Edo to Showa periods are on display.
source : www.hyogo-tourism.jp





CLICK for more samples of other parts of Japan !


. mugiwara hebi 麦藁蛇 serpent or dragon made from straw .


. mugikarazaiku 麦稈細工 straw craft from 修善寺 Shuzen-Ji .
- Shizuoka

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Kobe city 神戸市

. Kobe ningyoo 神戸人形 automated Kobe dolls .
- obake ningyoo お化人形 dolls like little monsters

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poppen ポッペン popping glass, glass ball plopping


. . . CLICK here for Photos !

. poppen, hoppen ぽっぺん / ポッペン glass ball plopping .
- Introduction -

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suzume no sugomori 雀の巣ごもり sparrows in a nest
temple 太福寺 Taifuku-Ji
148 Dojocho Ikuno, Kita Ward, Kobe, Hyogo


source : asahi-net.or.jp/~vc3k-nrm

Shotoku Taishi 聖徳太子 got smallpox when he was 3 years old. He then stood under a waterfall and prayed to get well. Next morning he remembered a dream where Kannon Bosatsu told him that he would be healed. So he had the temple 太福寺 built at that spot.
Now people come here to pray for the health of boys born in the year before February 11 each year, to the 太子祭り Daishi Festival. Then they get this amulet of a pair of sparrows in a nest to put at the entrance of their home to ward off further evil.



They also eat some はらみ餅 harami Mochi rice cakes, to pray for a safe pregnancy. .

harami suzume 孕み雀 (はらみすずめ) pregnant sparrow
haramidori 孕鳥（はらみどり）pregnant bird
. sparrow kigo for mid-spring .

. Shotoku Taishi 聖徳太子 - Introduction .

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Ninomiya Jinja 二宮神社 Shrine Ninomiya

. clay bell Katsu Daruma 勝だるま .
It is one of the "Eight shrines of Kobe" 神戸八社, details are in the Katsu Daruma LINK.

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. Kobe Nagata Jinja 長田神社 Nagata Shrine .

with the following three items explained in detail:



shinkei 神鶏 sacred rooster and chicken



aka-ei no ema あかえいの絵馬 votive tablets of a red manta

Nagata jinja kamibina 長田神社神雛 paper dolls from Nagata shrine.

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. Tsunashiki Tenmangu Shrine 綱敷天満宮 .
Suma-Ura Park　須磨浦公園

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Nishinomiya town 西宮市

e roosoku 絵ろうそく candles with pictures


CLICK for many more candles !

Matshumoto Shouten 松本商店 Matsumoto Shoten
- source : warosoku.com -

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Ooshio village 大塩町 - (part of Himeji). lit. big salt

. Tanabata ningyoo 七夕人形 star festival dolls .

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Sayoo village, Koozuki 佐用郡上月村 Sayo, Kozuki

. Hayase tsuchi ningyoo 早瀬土人形 clay dolls from Hayase .

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Tajima　但馬

. Kirinjishi 麒麟獅子 Kirin Lion Head .

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Tanba　丹波 / 旦波
Tanba no kuni 丹波国 the Tamba province of the Edo period, now parts belong to Hyogo, others to Kyoto.

. Inabata ningyoo 稲畑人形　Inabata dolls .
Inabata (not Inahata) is a hamlet in 氷上町　Higami village.
赤井若太郎忠常 Akai Wakataro Tadatsune.

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Tatsuno たつの市

A museum of folk art with 360 pieces, with the following samples
稲畑土人形（稲畑：丹波市）/ 葛畑土人形（葛畑：養父市）
播州地方のみこし（姫路）- Mikoshi from Banshu
姫路ごま（姫路）/ 面（姫路）
明石焼柿本人麻呂像 - Akashi no Kakinomoto
北条の大羽子板（北条：加西市）- Kasai
有馬人形筆（有馬：神戸市）
- - - - - 兵庫県たつの市龍野町上霞城128-3 / 龍野歴史文化資料館　
- source : city.tatsuno.lg.jp/rekibun/gangu -


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Yabu village 養父（やぶ）郡関宮町葛畑

. Kazurahata tsuchi ningyoo 葛畑土人形 clay dolls from Kazurahata .

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. Reference and Photos . Gangu Guide .
. Reference and Photos . Isamu Folk Toys .
. Reference and Photos . Yama no Ie . Folk Toys .

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Hyogo Dento Kogei
http://www.netz-fonte.net/magazines/fonte/0501/index.cfm


Clay Bells from Hyogo 土鈴　 a great collection !
source : www.eonet.ne.jp

#Hyogo #Kobe #himeji
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. WASHOKU . Regional Dishes from Hyogo

MORE
. Hyoogo Folk Toys - this BLOG .


. Japan after the BIG earthquake March 11, 2011


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PERSONS - Ii Naosuke Sakuradamon

http://darumapedia-persons.blogspot.jp/2016/02/ii-naosuke-sakuradamon.html

Ii Naosuke Sakuradamon

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Ii Naosuke 井伊直弼
(November 29, 1815 – March 24, 1860)



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A daimyo of Hikone (1850–1860) and also Tairō of Tokugawa Shogunate, Japan, a position he held from April 23, 1858 until his death on March 24, 1860. He is most famous for signing the Harris Treaty with the United States, granting access to ports for trade to American merchants and seamen and extraterritoriality to American citizens. He was also an enthusiastic and accomplished practitioner of the Japanese tea ceremony, in the Sekishūryū style, and his writings include at least two works on the tea ceremony.

Under Ii Naosuke's guidance, the Tokugawa shogunate navigated past a particularly difficult conflict over the succession to the ailing and childless Tokugawa Iesada. Ii Naosuke managed to coerce the Tokugawa Shogunate to its last brief resurgence of its power and position in Japanese society before the start of the Meiji period. Ii was assassinated in the Sakuradamon incident by a group of 17 Mito and 1 Satsuma samurai on March 24, 1860.


Edo Castle's Sakurada Gate – photographed by Felix Beato, 1863–1870.

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- - - - - Tairō
In 1858 after Hotta Masayoshi's disastrous attempt to obtain the emperor's approval for the Harris treaty the Tokugawa Shogun, Tokugawa Iesada (徳川家定), chose Ii Naosuke to be the Tairō (Great Elder); a decision influenced by the Kii Party. The position of Tairō, a post traditionally held by members of the Ii family, was rarely filled; in fact there had only been three Tairō between 1700 and Ii Naosuke's rise to power 158 years later. Ii's promotion to the post of Tairō annoyed many of the shinpan daimyo (daimyo related to the Shogun, they were unable to be members of the bakufu, but in the event of the Shogun dying heirless the next Shogun would be chosen from one of the shinpan families) including Tokugawa Nariaki. As the Tairō Ii Naosuke had both prestige and power second only to the Shogun; Ii also enjoyed the full backing of the Fudai daimyo. An intelligent and capable politician Ii Naosuke was determined to restore the power of the bakufu in Japanese policy making, both in a domestic and a foreign role.
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- - - - - Kōbu gattai and the Kazunomiya marriage 公武合体
Kōbu Gattai is the policy of binding Kyoto and Edo closer together to shore up the failing shogunate with the prestige of the imperial court. This policy was to be carried out by means of a marriage between the Shogun and the Emperor's younger sister, Princess Kazunomiya.
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©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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The daimyo of Hikone Ii Naosuke　井伊直弼　had meat from Omi cows 　近江牛　prepared as misozuke, pickled in miso paste, and send it to Edo to the Tokugawa Shogun, especially also to Nariaki of Mito　水戸斉昭.
Nariaki even wrote a letter to thank for the meat.


徳川斉昭書状別紙, 嘉永元年（1848年）12月
（彦根城博物館蔵）

The beef from Hikone was also dried in the cold 「寒」の干牛肉 during the coldest month of January and then eaten as "medicine".
When Ii Naosuke was killed in the Sakuradamon incident on March 24, 1860, by a group of samurai from Mito, the shipments to Mito Tokugawa Nariaki stopped and Nariaki was quite unhappy about this turn of events.

. Eating Meat in Edo .

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Sakurada Mon 桜田門 lit. Gate of the Field of Cherry Trees


source : 桜田門外の変」を歩く

Sakurada mon is Nr. 10


The Sakuradamon Incident 桜田門外の変 Sakuradamon-gai no Hen
桜田門の変 Sakuradamon no Hen

- quote -
the assassination of Japanese Chief Minister (Tairō) Ii Naosuke (1815–1860) on 24 March 1860 by rōnin samurai of the Mito Domain, outside the Sakurada Gate of Edo Castle.

The assassination took place outside the Shogun's Edo Castle in Edo (modern Tokyo), just as Ii Naosuke was reaching the premises. Ii Naosuke had been warned about his safety, and many encouraged him to retire from office, but he refused, replying that "My own safety is nothing when I see the danger threatening the future of the country".



A total of 17 Mito rōnin ambushed Ii Naosuke together with Arimura Jisaemon (有村次左衛門), a samurai from Satsuma Domain. While an attack at the front drew the attention of the guards, a lone assassin fired one shot into the palanquin containing Ii Naosuke, with a Japanese-made Colt 1851 Navy Revolver, which had been copied from the firearms that Perry had given the Shogunate as gifts. Drawing the injured and likely paralyzed Ii Naosuke out, Arimura decapitated Ii Naosuke and then committed seppuku.
Arimura Jisaemon, on the point of committing the assassination.

The conspirators carried a manifesto on themselves, outlining the reason for their act:
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- - - - - Consequences
The popular upheaval against foreign encroachment and assassination of Ii Naosuke forced the Bakufu to soften its stance, and to adopt a compromise policy of Kōbu Gattai ("Union of the Emperor and the Shogun") suggested by Satsuma Domain and Mito Domain, in which both parties vied for political supremacy in the years to follow. This soon amplified into the violent Sonnō Jōi ("Revere the Emperor, Expel the Barbarians") movement.

For the following years until the fall of Bakufu in 1868, Edo, and more generally the streets of Japan, would remain notably hazardous for Bakufu officials (see attack on Andō Nobumasa) and foreigners alike (Richardson murder), as the Sonno Joi movement continued to expand. According to Sir Ernest Satow: "A bloody revenge was taken on the individual [Ii Naosuke], but the hostility to the system only increased with time, and in the end brought about its complete ruin".

The conflict reached its resolution with the military defeat of the Shogunate in the Boshin war, and the installation of the Meiji restoration in 1868.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !




source : d4.dion.ne.jp/~ponskp/bakumatsu

On the famous painting of the incident, you can see some normal Samurai without shoes.
It was winter and a rare snowfall of about 20 cm kept the rather unprotected palanquin bearers and accompanying samurai cold. So many of the 60 people in the procession, who were only hired for the job, did not protect Naosuke but just run away when they heard the shots.
(Some sources quote one shot, others quote two or more.)

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- - - - - H A I K U - - - - -

春寒料峭井伊直弼に手を合はす
shunkan ryooshoo Ii Naosuke ni te o awasu

very cold spring day -
I fold my hands
for Ii Naosuke

Kawasaki Tenkoo 川崎展宏 Kawasaki Tenko (1927 - 2009)

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鳥帰る桜田門を掃き終り
斉藤夏風


浮寝鳥桜田門の日向かな
瀧井孝作




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- Reference - Japanese 桜田門の変 -
- Reference - English sakuradamon-


. Introducing Japanese Haiku Poets .

- KAPPA 河童 water goblin - ABC-Index -
- - - #sakuradamon #iinaosuke #naosukeiihikone #hikone - - -
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. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo .

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GOKURAKU - kaidan ordination platform

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kaidan 戒壇 platform for Buddhist ordination

A special hall to perform a Buddhist ordination (kairitsu 戒律).


source : pikapikasos.blog95.fc2.com
戒壇巡り Kaidan meguri
岐阜県関市西日吉町35　/ 関善光寺 Seki Zenko-Ji in Gifu

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Kaidanin 戒壇院 Kaidan-In 戒壇堂 Kaidan-Do


source : todaiji.or.jp/contents
Nara, Todai-Ji, 戒壇堂 Kaidan-Do

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A Tendai 天台 sect building that contains an ordination platform used exclusively for the ceremony to impart the Buddhist precepts upon priests and nuns.
At the ceremony, called jukai 受戒, the initiates vow to accept and follow the precepts of Buddhism. The Chinese priest Jianzhen (Jp; Ganjin 鑑真, 688-763), who reached Japan in the mid-8c is said to have ordered an ordination platform to be erected in front of Toudaiji 東大寺 (Todai-Ji)  (Nara), in April 754, for the precepts of Emperor Shoumu 聖武. In May 754, it was relocated west of the Daibutsuden 大仏殿 where a building had been erected for the platform. This is considered the first in Japan. The building was often destroyed and rebuilt. Finally, in 1731 at Reiunji 霊雲寺 in Tokyo, it was rebuilt in its original form.

Another kaidan-in was built in 1678 as the center of the Tendai sect. It is called the Enryakuji Daijou Kaidan-in dou 延暦寺大乗戒壇院堂 and is located in Shiga prefecture. It is a 5×5 bay square, single-storied structure. The kaidan is 3×3 bays and a 1-bay wide aisle surrounds it. This aisle is called a mokoshi 裳階 and has a pent roof. The kaidan-in has a coffered ceiling, and the roof over it is pyramidal hougyou-zukuri 宝形造, with an undulating bargeboard karahafu 唐破風. Roofing is tochibuki 栩葺, that is, wood roofing 1cm to 3cm thick and 9 cm to 15cm wide.
The kaidan-in or daijou kaidan-in correspond to the Kanjoudou 潅頂堂 of the Shingon 真言 sect.
- source : JAANUS -

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kanjoodoo 潅頂堂 Kanjo-Do

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Also called kanjouin 潅頂院 Kanjo-In.
The hall used to conduct the ceremony to confer the basic precepts and mystic teachings of Esoteric Buddhism, mikkyou 密教, on young men who are to be trained as Buddhist priests. An important part of the ceremony is the pouring of water over the young men's heads as part of their initiation rites. Kanjou are known to have existed at Mt. Kouya 高野, Wakayama prefecture, the headquarters of the Shingon 真言 sect, and at Jingoji 神護寺 in Kyoto.
Only one Shingon sect kanjoudou still exists at Kyouougokokuji 教王護国寺 (also called Touji 東寺) in Kyoto.
This building, called the Kanjouin 潅頂院, was rebuilt in 1634. The TOUHOUKI 東宝記 describes the original kanjoudou, at Mt. Kouya, as having been constructed in the twin hall style narabidou 双堂, with a large main hall shoudou 正堂, of 5×4 bays and a separate worship hall raidou 礼堂. These two halls were connected by a passage-like hall called an ai-no-ma 合の間.
- reference source : JAANUS -

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- - - - - H A I K U - - - - -

. Kobayashi Issa 小林一茶 - Introduction .

かいだんの穴よりひらり小てふ（ちょう）哉
kaidan no ana yori hirari kochoo kana

lightly, from a passageway
beneath Amida Buddha
a small butterfly
Tr. Chris Drake

This hokku is from the third month (April) of 1818. In Issa's diary the hokku is placed next to a hokku about Zenkoji Temple, and he also mentions making a pilgrimage to Zenkoji on the morning of 3/7 (April 11), so presumably this hokku is based on that visit to the temple, which is located only a few miles from his hometown. This large temple is very famous and attracts pilgrims from throughout Japan. One of the highlights of a pilgrimage to the temple was (and still is) passing through a completely dark passageway under the raised main hall, a hall in which a very old statue of Amida Buddha is worshiped. The statue is so fragile that it is never shown, and at official "showings" an exact copy, itself very old, is shown instead.

The corridor beneath the high floor of the main hall is known as the "ordination platform," but its larger purpose is to allow all people visiting the temple to form a close relationship with Amida Buddha. People do this by wholly depending on and trusting completely in Amida in spite of being unable to see anything down in the corridor. Feeling their way in the dark through the winding corridor, an experience that is said to be a bit frightening for some pilgrims, their hands eventually touch a large metal key attached to the wall on their right. The key is located directly beneath the statue of Amida Buddha in the hall above, and it symbolizes entrance into the Pure Land. If people think wholly of Amida while touching this key, it is believed that Amida will feel their sincerity and promise to accept them into the Pure Land. After symbolically touching Amida and sensing his promise, people then feel their way to the exit, a stairway located a few feet from the entrance. See the contemporary picture of the passageway entrance at the link below.

In the hokku one of the pilgrims is revealed to be a small butterfly. Since ancient times in Japan and the Ryukyus, butterflies have been evoked in songs and poems as the physical manifestations of souls and gods, so Issa may feel that the butterfly fluttering so freely out of the passageway exit is the soul of someone who sincerely prayed to Amida down in the darkness and is now flying through the air of the Pure Land. Or perhaps Issa takes the butterfly to be a sign that his own recent underground feelings toward Amida have been mutual. If so, his own feet must now feel as light as the butterfly.

The link below is to a picture put up by the Issa Memorial Museum of two pilgrims in Issa's age going down into the dark corridor beneath the high floor of Zenkoji Temple's main hall, a corridor that passes directly under an especially revered statue of Amida Buddha. Two monks stand at lower right:



Chris Drake

一茶と善光寺 - 戒壇巡り」
- source : issakinenkan.com/diary -


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kaidan no ana yori hirari ko chô kana

from a hole in the temple's
pulpit, swish!
little butterfly

Kaidan doesn't signify, as I first thought, the step of a staircase. Shinji Ogawa notes that it means "an ordination platform" in a large Buddhist temple, like Zenkôji Temple in Issa's home province.

From this platform, Buddhist precepts are taught; Kogo dai jiten (Shogakukan 1983) 499, and so I've chosen the English word, "pulpit," to approximate its meaning. No longer a caterpillar, Issa's butterfly has been reborn as a pure, innocent embodiment of enlightenment. This little "priest" has more to teach about Buddha's law than human preachers.

- source : David Lanoue -

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戒壇院裏の崖なる穴施行
Kaidan-In ura no gake naru ana segyoo

Kaidan-In hall
in the cliff behind it
offerings in the holes

茨木和生 Ibaraki Kazuo (1939 - )

. ana segyoo 穴施行 placing alms food at the holes for animals .
kigo for late winter

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戎壇院辺りは静かお山焼 橋本道子

戒壇院前に屯す袋角 森孝子

戒壇院霰ひと撒きして雪に 赤松[けい]子

杉花粉とぶ下野の戒壇院 大坪貞子

余寒なる戒壇院址何の花弁 橋本榮治

靴音一つ戒壇院の秋の昼 鷲谷七菜子

端居して戒壇院に女あり 高野素十

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. Pilgrimages to Fudo Temples 不動明王巡礼
Fudo Myo-O Junrei - Fudo Pilgrims - INTRODUCTION .


. Japan - Shrines and Temples - ABC .


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- - #kaidanaltar #altarkaidan -
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Posted By Gabi Greve to Gokuraku - Jigoku on 2/22/2016 09:42:00 am

MINGEI - Osaka

http://omamorifromjapan.blogspot.jp/2011/08/osaka-folk-toys.html

. Osaka Folk Toys

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Osaka Folk Art - 大阪府　大阪市

Naniwa　難波 / 浪速区

. Sakai town 堺市 and folk art .

The city of Osaka is divided in various wards.
The prefecture of Osaka 大阪府 (Oosaka) includes other towns.

under construction
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- quote -
Japan Folk Art Museum (Nihon Kogei Kan)
The Japan Folk Art Museum was established to preserve and promote the creation of Japanese traditional handicrafts, which have been developed over centuries. In 1950, the Japan Folk Art Museum was first opened at Dojima, Kita Ward in Osaka, in a renovated rice warehouse built during the Edo period.
In 1960, the 10th anniversary of the Museum's founding, the current building was constructed and opened. Traditional handicrafts have been used in daily lives of ordinary Japanese for centuries. Although these items are not created by famous artists, they have highly artistic qualities.
The Japan Folk Art Museum has worked to preserve and promote handicraft techniques, while carrying out activities to help enhance quality of life by promoting the use of beautiful handicrafts in daily life. The Museum exhibits many handicraft items, which represent excellent Japanese handicraft techniques that are recognized worldwide. Visit the Museum to view the ideal balance of functionality and beauty in Japanese traditional handicraft, an integral component of Japanese culture.



Namba-Naka, Naniwa-ku, Osaka City
- source : osaka-info.jp/en/facilities -

日本工芸館 / 大阪市浪速区難波中　3-7-6　/ 日本民芸協団
- source : nihon-kogeikan.or.jp　-

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- quote -
Morishige Doll shop -　モリシゲ
Established over 70 years ago, this old doll shop is an authentic Osakan establishment. Doll expert Shumpo Heian was the original creator of "Kanki-bina" and "Kanki Warrior Armor & Helmet". For sale at the shop are: original hina dolls and May dolls created by artists; a large number of traditional dolls such as Ichimatsu dolls, Hakata dolls and Kyoto dolls; battledores and sacred arrows for use on New Year's Day.
- source : osaka-info.jp/en/shopping -

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. Takeda ningyoo　竹田人形　Takeda dolls .

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Chuuooku, Chuo-Ku, Chuo ward 中央区 Central Osaka

. Jinnoo san no tora 神農さんの虎 tiger from Jinno .
Jinno is the shrine Sukunahikona Jinja 小彦名神社

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. Zama Jinja 座摩神社 / 坐摩神社 Ikasuri Jinja .
sekku kazari no tora 節供飾りの虎 Tiger decoration for the Seasonal Change
kaboo no hyootan mamori 火防の瓢箪守 Gourd amulet to prevent fire

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Fujiidera town 藤井寺市
(temple Fujii-Dera 藤井寺, Domyo-Ji 道明寺)

. Domyoji Tenmangu Shrine 道明寺天満宮
uso うそ bullfinch
uso dorei うそ土鈴 clay bell with bullfinch

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Fukae 深江

. Fukae Suge-zaiku 深江菅細工 handicraft from sedge, reed weaving .


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Habikino town 羽曳野市

clay bells from . Konda Hachimanguu 誉田八幡宮 / 譽田八幡宮 Konda Hachiman .
Konda Hachiman no dorei 誉田八幡の土鈴 clay bells from Konda Shrine

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Higashi Osaka town 東大阪市

Ishikiri jinja no oonusa, oo nusa 石切神社の大幣 purifying wand from shrine Ishikiri
Ishikiri tsurugiya jinja 石切剱箭（つるぎや）神社
- - - - - and - . gankiri 癌切り amulet for healing cancer .

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fuku kinchaku mamori 福巾着守　lucky Kinchaku bag clay bell
To keep the "money", this bell does not have an opening at the bottom and does not make a sound.



from the temple 鷲尾山興法寺 Hoko-Ji
2 Chome-1533 Kamiishikiricho, Higashiosaka, Osaka
(this temple is also known as 生駒聖天 Ikoma Shoten.

- reference : kamnavi.jp/dk/houkouji.htm -

. kinchaku 巾着　drawstring bag、money pouch .

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hyootan dorei 瓢箪土鈴 gourd clay bells
two simple small clay bells with the stamp of the shrine.



from the shrine 瓢箪山稲荷神社 Hyotanyama Inari Jinja
8-1 Hyotanyamacho, Higashiosaka


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Katano town 交野

hokuto shishisei reifu 北斗七星霊札　amulet of the big dipper constellation



. Hoshida Myooken Guu　星田妙見宮 Hoshida Myoken Gu Shrine .


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Naniwa ward 浪速区

hooju 宝珠 wishfulfilling jewel and hoo no ki 宝の杵 treasure mallet
Daijooboo 大乗坊 Daijo-Bo
3 Chome-6-13 Nipponbashi, Naniwa Ward



Amulets from 昆崙山宝満寺, 日本橋毘沙門天 Nihonbashi Bishamonten
official name: 昆崙山宝満寺 Konronsan, Homan-Ji

The amulets refere to the jewel and mallet that Bishamon-Ten holds in his hands. Some say the jewel referes to the female, the mallet to the male symbol and together they bring fertility to the people


. Wishfulfilling Jewel (nyoi hooju 如意宝珠) .

. Nr. 29 - Daijooboo 大乗坊 Daijo-Bo .
Settsu no Kuni 88 Henro Temples 摂津国八十八ケ所

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Imamiya Ebisu jinja no engimono 今宮戎神社の縁起物玩具
good luck items from Imamiya Ebisu shrine



. Imamiya Ebisu Jinja 今宮戎神社 .
浪速区恵美須西１丁目６−１０


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Osaka Tenmangu 大阪天満宮
(Kita ku 北区)

Tenjinbata, Tenjin no hata 天神旗 flag of Tenjin sama
uso うそ bullfinch

. Tenmangu shrines and Sugawara Michizane 菅原道真

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. Ikutama ningyoo 生玉（いくたま）人形 dolls .
from the shrine Ikukunitama Jinja 生国魂神社, nickname : Ikutama-san　いくたまさん


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Osaka hariko 大阪張子 papermachee dolls



The most well-loved topics are
張り子の虎 Tiger、だるま Daruma、面 masks、獅子頭 lion head、天神 Tenjin-sama and the 12 zodiac animals、十二支干支.

. . . CLICK here for Photos !


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Sakai town 堺市

. Sakai town 堺市 folk craft from Sakai .

- - - - - - including

Sakai no tsuchi ningyoo 堺の土人形 clay dolls
minatoyaki tsuchi ningyoo 湊焼土人形 clay dolls

Hachida Jinja no korei 蜂田神社の古鈴 old bells from Hachida shrine

and from Sumiyoshi ward 住吉区

Sumiyoshi jinja 住吉神社の諸玩 goods from Sumiyoshi shrine

hadaka bina, hadaka-bina 裸びな, 裸雛 naked hina dolls

hatsu tatsu neko, hatsutatsu neko 初辰猫 cat on the first day of the dragon

Kotsuma ika, Kotsuma-ika, 勝間（こつま）いか, 勝間凧 Kotsuma kite

kumi saru, kumisaru 組み猿 monkey combinations / kiki saru 喜々猿 happy monkey couple

pinpin tai 住吉ピンピン鯛 sea bream

tanekashi san 種貸しさん "seed lender doll"

. Sumiyoshi Shrines 住吉神社 - 住吉大社, Sumiyoshi-taisha . - Osaka

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. Reference and Photos . Gangu Guide .
. Reference and Photos . Isamu Folk Toys .
. Reference and Photos . Yama no Ie . Folk Toys .

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. WASHOKU . - Regional Dishes from Osaka

MORE
. Osaka Folk Toys - this BLOG .


. Japan after the BIG earthquake March 11, 2011


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HEIAN - Haniwa figures and Hajibe clan

http://heianperiodjapan.blogspot.jp/2016/02/haniwa-figures.html

Haniwa figures

- BACK to the Daruma Museum -
. ABC List of Heian Contents .
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haniwa　埴輪 / はにわ terracotta clay figures
and the clan Hajibe, Haji-Be 土師部 / 土部



The Haniwa (埴輪) are terracotta clay figures which were made for ritual use and buried with the dead as funerary objects during the Kofun period (3rd to 6th century AD) of the history of Japan.
Haniwa were created according to the wazumi technique, in which mounds of coiled clay were built up to shape the figure, layer by layer.
The Haniwa were made with water-based clay and dried into a coarse and absorbent material that stood the test of time. Their name means "circle of clay" referring to how they were arranged in a circle above the tomb. The protruding parts of the figures were made separately and then attached, while a few things were carved into them. They were smoothed out by a wooden paddle. Earth terraces were arranged to place them with a cylindrical base into the ground, where the earth would hold them in place.
- MORE in the WIKIPEDIA !


. doguu, Dogū 土偶 clay figure, clay figurine .
small humanoid and animal figurines made during the late Jōmon period (14,000 BC to 400 BC) of prehistoric Japan

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haniwa はにわ【埴輪】"clay cylinder" or "circle of clay"
clay image at ancient burial mounds
discussion on Japanese haniwa (埴輪) and the kofun (古墳) period.
..... haniwa were meant to be seen.
That is, instead of being buried deep underground with the deceased, haniwa occupied and marked the open surfaces of the colossal tombs. However, it is unlikely that they were readily visible to any person who happened to pass by since the tombs were sacred, ritualized spaces that were usually surrounded by one or more moats. As a result, close visual contact with haniwa would not have been easy for unauthorized visitors. .....
Monumental tombs and early Japan
Three periods in tomb-building practices
Evolution and placement of haniwa
Haniwa in the form of animals, people and buildings
What role did haniwa play?
Style
Closeup of the Warrior Haniwa
- source : Dr. Yoko Hsueh Shirai -

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- quote -
Haji ware (土師器 Hajiki)
is a type of plain, unglazed, reddish-brown Japanese pottery or earthenware that was produced during the Kofun, Nara, and Heian periods of Japanese history. It was used for both ritual and utilitarian purposes, and many examples have been found in Japanese tombs, where they form part of the basis of dating archaeological sites.
- History -
Haji ware evolved in the 4th century AD (during the Tumulus period) from the Yayoi ware of the preceding period. The ornate decorations of Yayoi pottery were replaced by a plain, undecorated style, and the shapes began to become standardized. Great amounts of this pottery were produced by dedicated craft workshops in what later became the provinces of Yamato and Kawachi, and spread from there throughout western Japan, eventually reaching the eastern provinces. Some Haji ware pottery has been found in the enormous tombs of the Japanese emperors. By the end of the 5th century, Haji pottery was imitating Sue ware forms.
In the Nara period,
Haji ware was often burnished and smoke-blackened by being fired in an oxygen-reduction atmosphere but at low temperatures. This sub-style is known as kokushoku-doki.
Haji ware came to an end with the development of glazes and ceramics in the late Heian period.
During a 2007 underwater archaeology survey on Ojikajima by the Asian Research Institute of Underwater Archaeology, examples of Chinese ceramics and Haji ware was recovered.



- Characteristics -
Haji ware is typically a rust-red pottery, made of clay that was built up in rings or coils, rather than being thrown on a potters wheel. The exterior and usually the interior surfaces were finished by scraping smooth with a piece of wood. It was fired at temperatures below 1000 deg C in surface fires or oxidizing fires rather than kilns.
Most of Haji ware
is undecorated and has wide rims. However, ritual and funerary objects were also made in the form of houses, boats, animals, women, hunters, musicians, and warriors, which were often placed inside tombs On occasion, these objects were placed outside the tomb to guard it. One pot that was found at an archaeological site in Hachiōji, Tokyo has a globular body, averted mouth, rounded base, solid triangular handle, painted in dark grey pigment on one side with a human face painted on the front.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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- quote -
Hajibe 土師部 / 土師氏 / 土部とも書く。
土師連(むらじ)を伴造(とものみやつこ)とし、朝廷に埴輪(はにわ haniwa)・土師器(はじき hajiki)を貢進し、葬礼をも担当したトモまたはその部民。『日本書紀』垂仁(すいにん Suinin)天皇32年条に、土部連の始祖
野見宿禰(のみのすくね Nomi no Sukune)が出雲(いずも Izumo)国（島根県）土部100人を率い殉人(じゅんにん)の代用として埴輪をつくった説話がみえる。
土師部は出雲をはじめ山城(やましろ)、摂津(せっつ)、河内(かわち)、和泉(いずみ)、遠江(とおとうみ)、武蔵(むさし)、下総(しもうさ)、常陸 (ひたち)、美濃(みの)、若狭(わかさ)、丹後(たんご)、但馬(たじま)、因幡(いなば)、石見(いわみ)に設定された。雄略(ゆうりゃく)天皇17 年条に贄土師部(にえのはじべ Nie no Hajibe)の貢進がみえ、のち諸陵司の伴部となった。
［前川明久］
- source : kotobank.jp -

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- quote -
Kofun (300 – 710 AD)
From the late 4th century AD, the dead start to get gifts in their tombs such as iron weapons and armour. These, and tomb paintings, are clear signs of contact with Korea and immigration of Korean artisans. So, next to the Suebe clay work that we have seen already in the Joumon period, these immigrants started making Hajibe clay work (darker, reddish). They made Haniwa out of this, which are little clay figures or cylindrical shapes, put on top of tomb hills. Also, there is evidence of some Japanese state being politically and militaristically involved on the Korean peninsula.
- source : ansui.wordpress.com/ -


Hajibe : Families or clans of potters (some from Korea) who, from about the fourth ... Yayoi pottery, mainly for the Yamato court; they probably also made haniwa.

- reference : haniwa hajibe clan -

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野見宿禰と大和出雲 / 池田 雅雄

. Nomi no Sukune 野見宿禰 .
and the Sumo Jinja 相撲神社
The 菅原氏 Sugawara clan is said to be descended from 天穂日命 Ameno Hohino Mikoto and the Haji clan, one of whose ancestors was Nomi no Sukune, famous as the pioneer of Sumo.

Nomi no Sukune is mythically credited with contriving the haniwa, the terracotta figurines, which were used doing the Kofun period ...
Making the first haniwa under Nomi no Sukune's supervision ...

A potter from Izumo named Nomi no Sukune declared:
"It is not good to bury living men upright at the tumulus of a prince. ... Let it be the law for future ages to substitute things of clay for living men and set them up at tumuli." ...

- reference : haniwa nomi no sukune -

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- quote -
THE MOGARI RITE THROUGH THE HISTORY OF JAPANESE CULTURE
..... The supposed etymology is as following. Mogari - from mo (mourning) + agari (ascend to heaven, /soul/ is flying away). Araki - /temporary/mausoleum (tomb) of newly dead \whose spirit is not appeased yet/, comp.; aramitatama - "spirit unappeased", arabotoke - newly dead /before first obon/, arakuchi - first after someone's death shaman's interrogation with his spirit; kijo:shiro - castle, palace, iwaki - "rock/cave tomb", ishiki - stone tomb, okutsuki - deep tomb, imaki - new tomb.
.....
Asobi-be
In- & outside the hinkyu (esp. of a dead sovereign) mogari-no matsuri (funeral festival) took place; its purpose was to call back the soul and bring the dead back to life, to pacify his potentially dangerous spirit in order to pass it to the successor or to send it off to nether world; thus the deification of the dead began. It included mogari-no asobi (funeral "play/game") with various dancing and singing. Beside relatives and officials there were two groups of funeral ritualists called Haji-be and Asobi-be.
Haji-be were constructing hinkyu, tombs, making haniwa. Asobi-be danced chinkon/tamafuri-no mai (dances to appease the souls of the dead) and sang shokonka/chinkonka (songs to call back and pacify the souls).
Asobi-be represented the occupational group of traditional Japanese shamans who were involved not only in funeral rituals, but also in the seasonal erotic festivities kagai\utagaki, other festivals and ceremonies (including Daijosai). Ecstatic dances of Asobi-be (from Hijiki-wake clan) lately developed in nembutsu-odori performed in Buddhist sect Ji-shu: (or Yugyo-ha - School of Wanderers, "yu/asobi"); thus sect Ji-shu: derived from exorcist rituals of asobi-be. Particularly, among its followers were Nogaku actors.
- - - - - read the essay here
- source : ru-jp.org/yaponovedy_baksheev -

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細長いだるまのような踊る埴輪です
A long dancing Haniwa, like Daruma



Look at many more new-type Haniwa items - 2015 - Let's make Haniwa!
- source : kumagaya-bunkazai.jp/museum -


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- - - - - ABC List of the prefectures


............................................................................. Kyoto　京都　

. Fukakusa-yaki 深草焼 Clay Dolls from Fukakusa .
Clay Dolls from Fushimi - 伏見土人形

Fushimi Doll is a clay doll whose originator is said to be Hajibe who settled in Fukakusa
before the Nara era. 土師部　Hajibe is a tribe who was notable for their skills in making Haniwa (a clay image placed in ancient burial mounds) and earthenware.
The doll was made of clay from Mt. Inari, and was distributed widely, not only in old capital provinces but to Shikoku and Kyushu. The doll became the precursor of clay dolls that number approximately 90 types nationwide, such as Hakata Doll, Tsutsumi Doll of Sendai and Nakano Doll of Shinshu.
- source : ndl.go.jp/scenery/kansai -



............................................................................. Miyazaki 愛媛県



. haniwa ningyoo はにわ人形 Haniwa dolls .



............................................................................. Niigata　新潟県　

Kappa-type Dogu from Niigata, Itoigawa region
新潟土偶（カッパ型）from 新潟県糸魚川市長者


source : haniwadokoro.cart.fc2.com


. 河童 / かっぱ / カッパ - Kappa, the Water Goblin of Japan! .




............................................................................. Osaka　大阪　


埴輪馬 haniwa horse

. Osaka, Sakai town 堺市 .
住吉大社の諸玩具 Clay Dolls and Toys from shrine Sumiyoshi Taisha


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- Reference in Japanese 埴輪 -
- Reference in English -

. Legends - Heian Period (794 to 1185) - Introduction .

. Japanese legends and tales 伝説　民話　昔話 - Introduction .

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haniwa gangu　埴輪玩具 Haniwa toys


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. gangu 玩具伝説, omochcha おもちゃ toy, toys .

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source : 白馬の少年

春愁や遠きいくさの埴輪武士
shunshuu ya tooki ikusa no haniwa bushi

spring melancholy -
this Haniwa soldier
of long times past

高知城 seen at the castle in Kochi

河野南畦 Kano Nankei (1913 - 1995)

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冬の日に埴輪掘りたる人死ぬか
とろ～と冬日が溶ける埴輪かな

萩原麦草

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時雨るるや手あげて埴輪夫を恋ふ
野見山朱鳥


太刀佩ける埴輪をのこに梅咲けり
福田蓼汀

愛する時獣皮のような苔の埴輪
赤尾兜子


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EDO - kekkon marriage

http://edoflourishing.blogspot.jp/2016/02/kekkon-marriage.html

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kekkon marriage

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. Edo bakufu 江戸幕府 The Edo Government .
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kekkon　結婚 konrei　婚礼 marriage in Edo
and engiri, en kiri 縁切り　to cut a bond - divorce . 　

under construction
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- quote
Love and Marriage
Among the textbooks that were commonly used during the Edo Period are a number of editions offering instruction on letter writing. One of them specifically addressed the art of composing love letters. As evidenced by the large number of such letters that have been found, moreover, one can surmised that written correspondence between lovers was a common practice.



Monogyny was the rule for both samurai aristocrats and commoners in the Edo period. Marriage partners were usually sought from families with similar social rank, and the consent of domainal and shogunal authorities were required for marriages involving samurai households. Wedding a partner of one's desire was rare, therefore, since the choice of spouse was made in accordance with the will and judgment of the parents. Cases of double suicide among young lovers were not uncommon when they found their parents' decisions unacceptable.

Those from low-ranking farming households that were less preoccupied with social status were freer to choose their own mates. Often, they met potential partners at local village festivals.

Tying the Knot
Marriage was a more formalized affair for higher-ranking farming households, though. Parents usually asked relatives and others with a broad network of acquaintances to find suitable marriage candidates. The family background of such candidates was checked, and if both families found the arrangement agreeable, a meeting was set up.

If both sides agreed to proceed with the marriage, an engagement ceremony was held, mediated by a village elder. On the day of the marriage, the groom visited the house of the bride, from where the couple, along with their parents and attendants, marched to the groom's house. The wedding ceremony was held at night, and the bride was introduced to members of the groom's village.

Marriage was even more complicated for leading aristocratic houses. A written request had to be submitted to the shogunal government, and newly married couples were required to visit Edo Castle to formally announce their wedlock.

The age of first marriage for women was much younger than it is today, although it rose toward the end of the Edo period. This was because girls began serving for a number of years as housemaids for aristocratic families and large landowners. Men who were employed business establishments were not allowed to marry until they were able to support a family, so their average age of first marriage over 40.

Divorces were fairly common, as were second, third, and even fourth marriages. Although it has been supposed that only the male had the right to demand a divorce, quite often divorce proceedings were initiated by the wife, and the cause of divorce was quite frequently the wife's involvement in an affair or her running away from home. In cases where discussions fail to produce an amicable divorce, women had a last-resort choice of seeking refuge in one of two temples in the country; after three years in the temple, the husband was unconditionally required to issue a letter of divorce.
- source : web-japan.org/tokyo/know/marriage / Hisako Hata

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Japanese Weddings in the Edo Period (1615–1868)
Essay
daimyô wedding.
Konrei-dôgu shokikei sunpô-sho (Wedding Trousseau Items Size Manual)
- source : metmuseum.org- - Monika Bincsik

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Samurai's marriage in Edo Period
The wedding was called Koshi-ire (輿入れ).
Tokoiri (床入り), the first night the new couple goes to bed together.
- source : iromegane.com/japan/culture -

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. nakoodo isha　仲人医者　doctors as matchmakers for marriage .
keian　慶庵 / 桂庵 Keian matchmaker
Named after the famous matchmacer-doctor Yamato Keian 大和慶庵 (around 1653).

A 仲人 Nakodo go-between was necessary for a regular marriage in Edo.

miai 見合い, "matchmaking", lit. "looking at one another"
omiai, o-miai お見合い

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. Tookeiji 東慶寺 Tokei-Ji - Kamakura .

A nunnery that was a refuge for women who wanted to divorce their husbands.

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. Enkiri, engiri 縁切り　to cut a bond - divorce . 　

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. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .


- reference : nichibun yokai database -
kekkon 結婚 100
konrei 婚礼 66
koshi-ire 輿入れ 02

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. Edo bakufu 江戸幕府 The Edo Government .

. Doing Business in Edo - 商売　- Introduction .

. shokunin 職人 craftsman, craftsmen, artisan, Handwerker .

. senryu, senryū 川柳　Senryu poems in Edo .

. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .


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