SHRINES - Kakinomoto shrines

http://japanshrinestemples.blogspot.jp/2016/03/kakinomoto-shrines.html

Kakinomoto Shrines

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. Kakinomoto Hitomaro 柿本人麻呂 Hitomaru 人丸) .
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柿本神社 Kakinomoto Jinja Shrines in Japan
Kakimoto Yashiro Hitomaru Jinja 人丸神社 Hitomaru Yashiro 人丸社 / Hitomaro Jinja 人麿神社

. Kakinomoto Hitomaro 柿本人麻呂 Hitomaru 人丸 / 人麿 .
(c. 662 – 710) - Introduction

Venerated as Kakinomoto Ookami 柿本大神 Kakinomoto Okami "Great Deity"
Kakinomoto Daimyoojin 柿本大明神 Kakinomoto Daimyojin
人丸神
柿本人丸神

He was a truly "divine" Waka poet and is revered in many shrines in Japan, for various reasons.


. . . CLICK here for more Photos !


My Introduction includes the following shrines:

Kakinomoto Jinja 柿本神社 Shinto Shrine in Akashi, Hyogo
Hitomaru Jinja 人丸神社 / Kakimoto Yashiro 柿本社
1-26 Hitomarucho, Akashi, Hyogo / 明石市人丸町1-26
- He is revered as a deity to cure eye disease and other illnesses, with a legend about the 盲杖桜 "Blind Stick Cherry".

Toda Kakinomoto Shrine　戸田柿本神社 - Masuda, Tottori
Hitomaro's birth place. The priest of Toda Kakinomoto Shrine is from the 綾部家 Ayabe family, and he is the 49th of Hitomaro's mother's line.

Takatsu Kakinomoto Shrine 　高津柿本神社 Masuda, Tottori
Hitomaro's death place.

Fujisaki Hachimangu 藤崎八幡宮　Kumamoto, Kyushu


Other shrines mentioned below are introduced in the links given, but not in the -Introduction- links.
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waka no kami 和歌の神 Deity of Waka poetry

Hitomaro his one of the waka sanjin (waka sanshin) 和歌三神 three great Waka deities,
The Three Gods of Waka Poetry.

住吉明神 Sumiyoshi Myojin
玉津島明神 Tamatsushima Myojin
柿本人麻呂 Kakinomoto Hitomaro

. Matsuo Basho, Oku no Hosomichi .
Sakai no Myojin Shrine 境の明神 (福島) Fukushima
Two shrines at the border to the Northern Territories. One on each side of the frontier line.
On the inner side a shrine for the female deity (Tamatsushima Myojin 玉津島) to protect the interior.
On the outer side a shrine for a male deity (Sumiyoshi Myojin 住吉) to protect from enemies of the outside.　
Travellers in the Edo period used to pray here for a safe trip and gave thanks after a trip was finished.


- - - - - Other sources quote two other poets :
衣通姫 Sotoorihime and 山部赤人 Yamabe no Akahito.




Hitomaro: Poet as God
By Anne Commons
Kakinomoto no Hitomaro (fl. ca. 690) is generally regarded as one of the pre-eminent poets of premodern Japan. While most existing scholarship on Hitomaro is concerned with his poetry, this study foregrounds the process of his reception and canonization as a deity of Japanese poetry. Building on new interest in issues of canon formation in premodern Japanese literature, this book traces the reception history of Hitomaro from its earliest beginnings to the early modern period, documenting and analysing the phases of the process through which Hitomaro was transformed from an admired poet to a poetic deity. The result is a new perspective on a familiar literary figure through his placement within the broader context of Japanese poetic culture.
- source : books.google.co.jp -


Hitomaro,
series of the Three Gods of Japanese Poetry (Waka sanjin)
Totoya Hokkei (1780–1850)


source :　mfa.org/collections


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Hitomaru in the folk belief of Japan
人丸信仰とは？（柿本人麻呂にまつわる信仰）

Many shrines dedicated to him are located in the 中国地方 Chugoku Region of Western Japan.
His divinity is sometimes related to puns with his name, Hitomaru.
Hyogo and Yamaguchi have many shrines dedicated to Hitomaru.


CLICK for more photos !

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anzan no kami 安産の神 Anzan - Deity to grant easy birth
- hitomaru 人丸 - 人生まる - hito umaru - giving birth - pun
Hitomaru himself died an unnatural death.

- In the Iwami region 石見国守 and 高津柿本神社
When Hitomaru was about 50 years old, there are records indicating that he was appointed to a provincial office in Iwami Province — today the western part of Shimane Prefecture.

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人丸神社：栃木県さくら市松山新田300 / Matsuyama Shinden, Sakura, Tochigi Prefecture
人丸大明神 is revered with a statue and scroll of his poems.
He is also celebrated as protector of fire and water disasters 防火 / 水神.
During great famines 天明 / 天保の大飢饉 people prayed to him for salvation.

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川越氷川神社（柿本人麻呂神社）：埼玉県川越市宮下町2-11-3 / Saitama, Kawagoe
He is also celebrated as protector of fires 防火の神.
see below - hi no kami 火の神 Deity of fire

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人丸神社：山口県萩市大字椿東中の倉1699 / Yamaguchi, Hagi
Amulets from the Takatsu Shrine 高津柿本神社 are offered here.
He is also celebrated as 学問の神、漁業の神（龍神）、商業の神（龍神）、火難除けの神

柿本人麿社：山口県周南市福川2丁目 2 Chome Fukugawa, Shūnan-shi
He is also celebrated as 疫病除・火難除・眼病平癒・学問・水難海上安全の神.

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. Anzan Kosodate 安産子育て - all about amulets for Children .
- Introduction -

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ekibyoo yoke no kami 疫病除け神 - Ekibyo Deity to ward off infectious diseases
ekibyoo, yakubyoo 疫病 pestilence, epidemy
- at many shrines in Yamaguchi 山口県 and at 高津柿本神社



人丸神社：山口県山口市宮野七房
A stone figure is venerated in a small sanctuary 小祠.

柿本神社：山口県山口市阿東徳佐台 / Dai Atōtokusashimo, Yamaguchi-shi,

柿本神社：山口県山口市阿東地福上 / Atojifukukami, Yamaguchi

柿本人麿社：山口県周南市福川2丁目 / 2 Chome Fukugawa, Shūnan-shi
In 18365, a a great famine was in the region, followed by dysentery and epidemic diseases. It only stopped when amulets from the Takatsu Shrine 高津柿本神社 were offered here.
At this shrine, Kakinomoto is also venerated for
疫病除・火難除・安産・眼病平癒・学問・水難海上安全.

人丸神社：山口県山口市鋳銭司小森 / Komori Suzenji, Yamaguchi
About 200 years ago, an epidemiy was in the region and only stopped when amulets from the Takatsu Shrine 高津柿本神社 were offered here.

人丸神社：山口県山口市徳地堀字下庄方 / Shimoshōgata Tokujihori, Yamaguchi
In 1900, a dysentery epidemy was in the region and only stopped when amulets from the Takatsu Shrine 高津柿本神社 were offered here.

人丸神社：山口県防府市東佐波令 / Higashisabaryo, Hofu
In 1799, an epidemy was in the region and only stopped when amulets from the Takatsu Shrine 高津柿本神社 were offered here.

人丸神社：岩国市竹安箕ノ越
In 1800, an epidemy was in the region of 河内郷 and only stopped when amulets from the Takatsu Shrine 高津柿本神社 were offered here.

人磨神社：山口県防府市向島 Mukoshima, Hofu
In 1865, an epidemy was in the region and only stopped when amulets from the Takatsu Shrine 高津柿本神社 were offered here.

人丸・大師堂：山口県岩国市周東町祖生今岡 Imaoka Shūtōmachi Soo, Iwakuni
In this Shrine, Kobo Daishi is also venerated. Much later Kakinomoto became
柿本大明神 -「疫病の神」.

繁枝神社（人麻呂社・おうばん社）：山口県防府市台道527 / 527 Daidō, Hōfu
In 1820, an epidemy was in the region and only stopped when amulets of 人麻呂大明神 were offered here.

河内神社：山口県周南市高瀬840 Takase, Shunan
amulets from the Takatsu Shrine 高津柿本神社 are offered here to protect from epidemics.

河内神社：山口県周南市米光163-1 / 163-1 Yonemitsu, Shūnan
In 1835, an epidemy was in the region and only stopped when amulets from the Takatsu Shrine 高津柿本神社 were offered here.

飛龍八幡宮（河築神社）：山口県周南市須々万本郷312 / 312 Susumahongō, Shūnan
At the shrine 河築神社 in the compound, Kakinomoto is venerated to protect from epidemics.

神沼田神社：山口県岩国市錦町深須上沼田
In 1851, an epidemy was in the region and only stopped when amulets from the Takatsu Shrine 高津柿本神社 were offered here.
In 1977, this shrine was integrated with other shrines :
白鳥神社、地主神社、杵崎神社、柿本人麻呂神社、愛宕社.

寄江柿本大明神：山口県岩国市美和町下畑柿ノ木原 Kakinokibara Miwamachi Shimohata, Iwakuni-
A statue of 人丸明神 is venerated as a protector deity for epidemics.



. Yakubyoogami 疫病神 Yakubyogami, Deity of Diseases .
- Introduction -

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enmusubi no kami 縁結びの神 Deity to find a good partner
- because he wrote many poems remembering his wife
- at 高津柿本神社 Takatsu Kakinomoto Jinja


fuufu wagoo no kami 夫婦和合の神 Fufu Wago - Deity of good couples
- because he wrote many poems remembering his wife
- at 生田神社 Ikuta Jinja （人丸神社）- Hyogo, Kobe 兵庫県神戸市中央区下山手通1-2-1

. Enmusubi 縁結び to find a good partner in life .
Takasago Legend 高砂伝説

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gakumon no kami 学問の神 - Deity of learning

- at 生田神社 Ikuta Jinja （人丸神社）- Hyogo, Kobe 兵庫県神戸市中央区下山手通1-2-1

- at 人丸神社：山口県萩市大字椿東中の倉1699 - Yamaguchi, Hagi

- at 柿本人麿社：山口県周南市福川2丁目 - Yamaguchi, 2 Chome Fukugawa, Shūnan-shi

- - 人丸神社：徳島県鳴門市里浦町里浦花面156 - Tokushima, Naruto
On his wanderings in Japan, Hitomaru came here, stayed for a while and taught Waka poetry to the local people. After his death, the shrine was erected with Hitomaru as deity of Poetry and Learning.

bungaku no kami 文学の神 - Deity of literature

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ganbyoo no kami 眼病平癒の神 - Ganbyo Deity for eye diseases
- Hyogo, Akashi 柿本神社 (see above)

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古熊神社（三森神社）：山口県山口市古熊1-10-5 / Furukuma, Yamaguchi

柿本人麿社：山口県周南市福川2丁目 / 2 Chome Fukugawa, Shūnan-shi, Yamaguchi

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. me　眼 /　目　- Amulets for Eye Disease .
- Introduction -

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geinoo no kami 芸能の神 - Geino Deity of the Performing Arts

- at Yamaguchi, Ube 宇部市の人丸神社

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gyogyoo 漁業の神 - Gyogyo Deity of the fishing industry
- He is seen as 龍神, Ryujin, a Dragon Deity

- at 人丸神社：山口県萩市大字椿東中の倉1699 Yamaguchi, Hagi

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hi no kami 火の神 Deity to prevent fire
- and
protector of たたら職人 blacksmiths
- at 川越氷川神社（柿本人麻呂神社）Saitama, Kawagoe 埼玉県川越市宮下町2-11-3
4月18日に「柿本人麻呂祭」が行われる
A descendant of the Ayabe clan from Shimane is still Head Priest here, hence Kakinomoto is also venerated.



柿本人麻呂祭 Kakinomoto Hitomaro Festival
- reference : kawagoe-yell.com/annual-event -

booka no kami 防火の神 Boka - Deity to prevent fire
- hitomaru 人丸 - hi tomaru 火止まる fires stops - pun
- at 壬生寺 Mibudera （人丸塚 Hitomaruzuka）- Kyoto 京都府京都市中京区壬生梛ノ宮町31



柿本人麻呂の灰塚 Kakinomoto Hitomaro no Haizuka

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Koojin 荒神 Kojin Deity / Deity to watch over the kitchen fire 台所の火
- in the Iwami region 石見地方
- Seto Naikai region 瀬戸内海

. Aragamisama, 荒神様 Kojinsama, Kojin sama .
Kamagami 釜神 The Hearth Deity


. hi no yoojin 火の用心 watch out for fire - fire prevention .
- Introduction -

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. Munakata 宗像三女神 three female Munakata Deities .
Munakata Water Deities (suijin) and Waka Deities

Okami no kami 淤加美神 （オカミノカミ）a water deity
(闇淤加美神 Kuraokami 、闇御津羽神、闇罔象; たかおかみ / くらみつは Kuraokami, Takaokami, Kuramitsuha)

and two shrines dedicated to the Waka Poets - 和歌神社 Waka Jinja !

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. 猿田彦大神 the Great Deity Sarutahiko .
下御霊神社 Shimogoryo Jinja Kyoto - 柿本社 Kakinomoto Yashiro

At shrines for this deity Kakinomoto is also venerated as 柿本大神.

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seikatsu no shugojin 生活の守護神 Deity to protect daily life

- 石見国守 Many people in Iwami were involved in 製紙業 making paper, so he helped to keep their business prosperous
- at 高津柿本神社

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suinan yoke no kami 水難除けの神 Deity to prevent drowning and flooding
He is seen as suijin 水神 deity of water

- at 人丸神社 柿本人麿社：山口県周南市福川2丁目 - Yamaguchi 2 Chome Fukugawa, Shūnan-shi
- 水刑死に処されて非業の死を遂げたことから - Because he himself found his death sentence through drowning.


柿本人麻呂水死刑説 Theory about Kakinomoto's death by Drowning
死に臨んで自らを傷む
- reference :geocities.jp/yasuko8787 -


From waka mourning the death of a man from Sanuki Province, and a farewell poem at Kamoyama (Mt. Kamo) in Iwami province with elegies (banka, 挽歌) mourning his own death, many have seen this as Hitomaro acting as a palace official traveling to various provinces and reaching the end of his life in Iwami.
According to the Japanese scholar Itō Haku, however, this farewell poem is a folk drama portraying Hitomaro's own death, and the theory that the poem is a later counterfeit has also been suggested.
- quote wikipedia -

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shoogyoo no kami 商業の神 Shogyo - Deity of commerce and trade
- He is seen as ryuujin 龍神 Ryujin, a Dragon Deity

- at 人丸神社：山口県萩市大字椿東中の倉1699, Yamaguchi Hagi


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Fukuoka Hitomaru Shrine 人丸神社
福岡県粕屋郡新宮町下府 Shimonofu, Shingu, Kasuya District
福岡県糟屋郡新宮町桜山手

The daughter of Samurai Taira no Kagekiyo 平景清 (? - 1194) is named
Hitomaru Hime 人丸姫
and is venerated as deity at this shrine.



景清の妻は子供がないことを悲しみ、神仏に祈り続けました。治承二年（1178）3月15日に、朝日（旭）が上る時、懐妊を覚え、女の子を出産しました。
「旭」という字は「日」「丸」と書くことから「人丸」と名付けたと言われています。
- reference : lunabura.exblog.jp -

The character for morning sun 旭 can be seen as consisting of the two characters 日 and 丸, combined as Hitomaru.

. Taira no Kagekiyo 平景清 .

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Yamaguchi 柿本人麿社 / 人丸神社
山口県周南市福川2丁目 - Yamaguchi 2 Chome Fukugawa, Shūnan-shi
Hitomaro is celebrated here as
anzan no kami 安産の神 Anzan - Deity to grant easy birth
ekibyoo yoke no kami 疫病除け神 - Ekibyo Deity to ward off infectious diseases
gakumon no kami 学問の神 - Deity of learning
ganbyoo no kami 眼病平癒の神 - Ganbyo Deity for eye diseases
suinan yoke no kami 水難除けの神 Deity to prevent drowning and flooding
hinanyoke no kami 火難除けの神 Deity to prevent fire damage
- see above, hi no kami 火の神 Deity to prevent fire


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CLICK for more statues of Hitomaro .

柿本人麻呂にまつわる全国の神社仏閣（まとめ）
(A long list of shrines in Japan in honor of Hitomaro.)
- source : cultural-experience.blogspot.jp -

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人丸信仰とは？（柿本人麻呂にまつわる信仰）
- source : cultural-experience.blogspot.jp -

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. Shrine, Shinto Shrine (jinja　神社) - Introduction .

. kami　神　Shinto deities - ABC-LIST - .

- #kakinomotoshrines #hitomarushrines #hitomaroshrines -
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. Kakinomoto Hitomaro 柿本人麻呂 Hitomaru 人丸) .

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EDO - Kojimachi district

http://edoflourishing.blogspot.jp/2016/02/kojimachi-district.html

Kojimachi district

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. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo　江戸の名所 .
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Koojimachi, Kōjimachi 麹町 / 麴町 Kojimachi district



Many shops who made and sold Koji for Japanese food lived in this area, hence the name.
For example 麹屋三四郎 Kojiya Sanshiro.



Another explanation links the name to the beginning of the road to Koshu, Koofuji　国府路 Kofuji, pronounced fast as Koji and soon written with the character 麹.

. kooji 麹 Japanese yeast .
with Aspergillus oryzae or A. sojae
To make soy sauce, miso paste, rice wine and other types of Japanese food and drink.


During the Edo period, many wholesalers lived here, also carpenters and wall plasterers and many merchants which delivered to the Bakufu government　(goyootashi 御用達) and Edo castle.
okuishi 奥医師 　Doctors who attended to the Tokugawa concubines of Ooku 大奥 also lived here.

Kojimachi is a long district with many sub-districts, the third one, Sanbancho often simply called "Bancho", where many Hatamoto retainers lived. They had a special area for horse training, 騎射調練馬場.


source : ameblo.jp/tkyburabura

Since 1865, the second and third sons of 旗本 Hatamoto came here, placed 焙烙 Horoku earthen plates on their head and tried to hit them down while riding in two fighting groups. ほうろく調練場.

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A neighborhood in Chiyoda, Tokyo.
Prior to the arrival of Tokugawa Ieyasu, it was known as Kōjimura (糀村 Kojimura). The area developed as townspeople settled along the 甲州街道　Kōshū Kaidō. In 1878 Kōjimachi became a ward in the city of Tokyo. It was the forerunner of Chiyoda which is now a special ward.

The Kōjimachi ward was larger than past day Kōjimachi. The area centered upon Kōjimachi including the districts of the Banchō (番町 Bancho) area, Kudanminami, Kioichō, Hirakawachō and Hayabusachō is sometimes referred as the Kojimachi area (麹町地区).
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !


. Edo Nana Fushigi 江戸七不思議 The Seven Wonders of Edo　 .
番町七不思議 Banchoo Nana Fushigi


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Soto sakurada benkeibori kojimachi Kojimachi and the Benkei Canal at Soto Sakurada
by Hiroshige 広重 - 糀町一丁目山王祭ねり込 Sanno Festival at Kojimachi I-chome


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Kojimachi and Bancho - an old samurai residential area
The Kojimachi and Bancho areas stretch from Hanzomon Station to the east of the Kokyo (Imperial Palace), towards Shinjuku. The area was formerly used as a residential area for Edo Period samurai but in the early 21st century the area is significantly different to that found here in earlier times.
The Kokuritsu Gekijo (National Theatre of Japan), Japan's only classical art theater stands near Hanzomon Station today. The building was designed to imitate the Azekura-zukuri (Azekura style) of Todaiji Temple near Nara and its splendid atmosphere embodies the beauty of Japanese tradition. Offering Kabuki in the 'Large Theater,' Hogaku (traditional Japanese music), Gagaku, and Bunraku (a form of Japanese puppet show) in the 'Small Theater,' and Rakugo (a traditional Japanese sit-down comedy), Manzai (a Japanese stand-up comedy), and Kodan (storytelling) in the Engeijo (Engei Hall), it has something for everyone. In addition, tours can be taken of its exhibition room: THE best place to know about Japanese traditional performing arts.
- 'Bancho.' Its name originates from the fact that 'Bankata' soldiers used to live here. ('Bankata' soldiers consisted of Hatamoto who served under the direct control of the ruling Shogun.)
... Chidorigafuchi ... Uchibori-Dori ...
... Walking around Kojimachi and Yotsuya, you will often feel the mood of the old Edo Period. The coexistence of modern buildings alongside their older counterparts. Fashionable shops in a quiet residential area sat amidst historical monuments being an example. It is a fun area to walk around and to browse through shops that catch your eye. Or, for the more historically inclined, it is another interesting area of the capital in which to tour historical sites and to glimpse Japanese history.
- source : att-japan.net/en -

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In Edo, meat was offered at the market of Kojimachi 麹町.
chiku 畜 referred to four-legged animals that should not be eaten by Buddhists and kin 禽 referred two-legged animals, birds to be eaten.

momonji referes to the meat of wild animals, like wild boar, deer, monkeys or Tanuki badgers and even dogs. (Dog meat was a favorite with the samurai of the Satsuma domain 薩摩.
The first momonjiya shop in Edo was most probably the Kooshuuya　甲州屋 Koshuya in Koojimachi　麹町 Kojimachi.
Yamaokuya 山奥屋 offered wild boar and monkey meat.

. momonjiya ももんじ屋 / 百獣屋　 selling meat "from one-hundred wild animals" .
kedamonoya　獣屋 dealers in wild animals
yamaokuya 山奥屋　dealers with stuff from the far-away mountains
kusuriguiho　薬食舗　restaurant serving "medicine" meat



麹町狐を馬に乗せてくる
koojimachi kitsune o uma ni nosete kuru

Kojimachi town -
a fox comes riding
on a horse


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. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

haifuri tanuki 灰降狸 the ash-throwing Tanuki


source : plala.or.jp/cotton-candy

In the year 1854 in the 6th lunar month there was constantly ashes raining down to the ground of the 平河天満宮 Hirakawa Tenjin Shrine in 麹町 Kojimachi.
People thought it was the malicious deed of a Tanuki badger.

Another legend tells of stones raining from the sky near the back entrance of the Shrine, sometimes 50 to 60 during day and night. They were rather large stones with moss on them. Some looked like pieces of roof tiles. But they never hurt any person.
When someone collected the stones in one place during a day, they were all gone after the next night was over.

On a stormy night, it rained hairs of an animal in Kojimachi. Since people there used to eat meat of animals, even horses, it might have been the hair of the 天馬 "heavenly horse" mentioned in the sutra 山海経 Sengai Kyo.

. 江戸 Edo - 妖怪 Yokai monsters, 幽霊 Yurei ghosts .

.......................................................................

Sara yashiki 皿屋敷 "the Dish Mansion"
This is a famous story centering around an old well in Kojimachi or Bancho 番町皿屋敷. More legends about this story relate to a well in Izumo, Harima and other regions.

A Japanese ghost story of broken trust and broken promises, leading to a dismal fate of "O-Kiku and the Nine Plates"
. Sara yashiki　皿屋敷 "the Dish Mansion" .

.......................................................................

shari 舎利 sacred bones of Buddha
Once there lived a man in Kojimachi, who did not believe in the Laws of Buddha 仏法.
But one day a sacred bone of Buddha came out of his forehead.

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- reference : nichibun yokai database -

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- - - - - H A I K U and S E N R Y U - - - - -



source : yasuda.iobb.net/wp-googleearth_e

麹町　壱丁目 Kojimachi First District
「江戸名所図会」 - - 山王祭 Sanno Festival
絵左の天水桶に描かれる屋号が岩に見えるので、岩城枡屋前

..............................................................................................................................................


麹町十三丁目まで祭かな
koojimachi juusanchoome made matsuri kana

until the thirteenth district
of Kojimachi
its festival time . . .
Tr. Gabi Greve

Nomura Kishuu 野村喜舟 Nomura Kishu (1886 - 1983)


. WKD : matsuri 祭り festival .
- - kigo for all summer - -

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炎天や麹町なし水巴なし
enten ya koojimachi nashi suiha nashi

this blazing sky -
no more Kojimachi
no more Suiha

Saitoo Kuuge 斎藤空華 Saito Kuge (1918 - 1950)


Watanabe Suiha 渡辺水巴 (1882 - 1946) Haiku Poet
Suiha ki 水巴忌 Suiha memorial day (August 8)
- reference -


. WKD : enten 炎天 blazing sky .
- - kigo for all summer - -


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. Japanese Architecture - Interior Design - The Japanese Home .

. Edo bakufu 江戸幕府 The Edo Government .

. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo　江戸の名所 .

. Doing Business in Edo - 商売　- Introduction .

. shokunin 職人 craftsman, craftsmen, artisan, Handwerker .

. senryu, senryū 川柳　Senryu poems in Edo .

. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .


[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]- - - - - #kojimachi #bancho - - - -
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MINGEI - Nara

http://omamorifromjapan.blogspot.jp/2011/08/nara-folk-toys.html

[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
. Nara Period (710 to 794) 　奈良時代 .
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Nara Folk Art - 奈良県

Three ancient capitals of Japan were built on the land of Nara, namely
Asuka-kyō, Fujiwara-kyō (694–710) and
Heijō-kyō 平城京 (710–784).

. Nara and Haiku .

. Kasuga taisha　春日大社 Great Kasuga Shrine.

. Mount Miwa 三輪山 Miwa-yama .

. Yoshino Mountains 吉野山 Yoshino-yama .


Many Shrines and Temples in Nara have their special clay bells and amulets.


CLICK for more samples ! 奈良 土鈴 -

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quote
Nara Ningyoo　奈良人形 dolls from Nara
If you have ever been to Nara you most likely have visited the Kasuga Shrine with its many donated lanterns. It was established in 768A.D. Nara ningyo originated from Kasuga's ancient festival dance called dengaku. Certain musicians would wear hats with small wood figures hanging from them. In 1620-40's a craftsman by the name of Okano Heiemon started making what are now called Nara dolls modeled after the small figures on the hats.
Nara dolls
are distinct in their appearance. They are cut from a block of wood and the cuts are very angular and are called to-no-kiri (sword cut) or itto-bori 一刀彫 (one chisel carving).
The dolls
are painted with very bright matte colors. Most dolls are representations of Noh theater characters. Most pre-Meiji dolls are rare since these dolls are not cute and cuddly and exhibit a sharp crudeness.
source : www.yoshinoantiques.com

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- Collection Gabi Greve

Two wooden dolls from Nara


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Gojoo town 五条市 Gojo

Minami Ada no nagashibina 南阿田の流し雛
"floating hina dolls" from Minami Ada village
. . . CLICK here for Photos !

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Nara town 奈良



Deer is the sacred animal of the town.
There are many deer dolls from various materials.



hariko no shika 張り子の鹿 papermachee deer
. . . CLICK here for Photos !

..... 奈良の竹鹿 deer from bamboo
..... 奈良の土鹿 deer from clay
. Nara goshiki shika 奈良五色鹿 five deer in five colors .


shika no maki fude 鹿の巻筆 pen made from deer hair
from shrine Kasuga Taisha
The hair is colored in the "five colors".
These pens are often used for auspicious writings, such as greetings for weddings and other auspiciuos situation.

.......................................................................


. Hokkeji no mamori inu 法華寺の守り犬 protector dog from Hokke-Ji .

法華寺に守り犬買ふ小正月
Hokkeji ni mamori inu kau koshoogatsu

at temple Hokke-Ji
I buy a dog talisman -
little New Year

Kawai Kayoko 河合佳代子

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ittoobori 奈良の一刀彫 carvings with one knife from Nara
. Shoojoo 猩猩 /猩々 Shojo, a legendary drunkard


. Kasuga jinja no ema 春日神社の絵馬
votiv tablet from shrine Kasuga taisha　春日大社 .


. migawari saru 身代わり猿 monkey charm
from Naramachi 奈良町


. Shootoku taishi 聖徳太子尊像 statue of prince Shotoku Taishi .
at temple Hokke-Ji


Tamukeyama Hachiman no tachi ema 手向山八幡の立絵馬
standing votive tablet from Tamukeyama Hachiman shrine


. Tooshoodaiji no tama oogi 唐招提寺の宝扇 treasure fan
hoosen 宝扇, from temple Toshodai-Ji
Priest Ganjin 鑑真 and Toshodai-Ji

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ningyoo sumi 人形墨 dolls made from Sumi writing ink


奈良人形墨




- quote -
The Producing of "Sumi" Ink Sticks in Nara
Sumi is made from soot and bone-glue, but the quality and color tone of Sumi differ a great deal depending on what kind of raw materials are used.
- source :www.boku-undo.co.jp -


. sumi ningyoo 墨人形 dolls from Sumi writing ink - Introduction .

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Sakurai town 桜井市

Izumo ningyoo 出雲人形 Izumo dolls / 大和出雲人形　Yamato Izumo ningyoo



素朴な素焼の土人形大和出雲人形！
Simple but beautiful clay dolls.
Look for more samples on this page:
- source : nagomi1ban.com/yamato -

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Hase tsuchi ningyoo 初瀬土人形 clay dolls from Hase /Hatsuse
Hatsuse 初瀬 / Hatsuse Izumo Tsuchi Ningyoo 初瀬出雲土人形
. . . CLICK here for Photos !


Okoso zukin 御高祖頭巾 Woman with a special hood

馬乗り小姓 Girl on a horse
唐人 Chinese man
福助 Fukusuke
source : newday.sakura.ne.jp

. Hasedera 長谷寺 Nara .

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Shigisan 信貴山 Mount Shigisan

. hariko no tora 張り子の虎 papermachee tiger .

初寅を明日にひかえて信貴詣で
hatsu tora o asu ni hikaete Shigi moode

tomorrow we have
the first day of the tiger -
visiting Temple Shigisan

Kei 惠以

WKD . First Day of the Tiger (hatsu tora)


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tsuratsura dorei つらつら土鈴 clay bells hanging below each other
tsubaki 奈良椿土鈴 camellia in five colors

More clay bells with motives from Nara :
二月堂瓜燈篭 / 天平鬼瓦土鈴 / 稲ホ飾り/ 鹿土鈴

kingyo dorei 金魚土鈴 clay bell with a goldfish



Made at the kilns of 赤膚焼　Akahada pottery - "red skin"pottery
since the Showa period.

- quote -
Akahadayaki 赤膚焼　Akahada pottery
Akahada is the name of the area in Nara where pottery kilns have been located for hundreds of years, serving temples, shrines and the imperial court. The origin of Akahada-yaki ceramics is not clearly known but it is said to have been recognized as an important kiln in the Momoyama-era (1568-1600), when a local samurai general, Toyotomi Hidenaga (1540-1591) invited a skilful potter to the Akahada area to produce Hidenaga's tea ceremony bowls and tools.
Manufactured in Gojyo, Nara City, is one of the Enshu Seven Kilns so named because Kobori Enshu, a prominent tea master, loved them.
In the early Edo-era (1603-1868), one of the masters of the Japanese tea ceremony school, Kobori Enshu (1579-1647), was a great fan of Akahada-yaki and gave it his official patronage.
Typical Akahada-yaki ceramics have a thick round shape with a faintly reddish and white color produced by the unique chemicals used for the glaze and the iron-rich soil used. It has a silky touch and many Akahada-yaki ceramics are embossed with a rustic scene of people or deer. These are called Nara-e (pictures of Nara).
- source : japanartsandcrafts.com/akahadayaki -


. Kingyo 金魚 goldfish as folk toys

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Yoshino valley 吉野

. Yoshinobina 吉野雛 hina dolls from Yoshino .



Yoshino ningyoo 吉野人形 dolls from Yoshino


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. Reference and Photos . Gangu Guide .
. Reference and Photos . Isamu Folk Toys .
. Reference and Photos . Yama no Ie . Folk Toys .

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. Nara Period (710 to 794) 　奈良時代 .
- Introduction -

. WASHOKU . Regional Dishes from Nara

MORE
. Nara Folk Toys - this BLOG .


. Japan after the BIG earthquake March 11, 2011


[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]
[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
- #nara -
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WKD - Kyoto hana no miyako

http://worldkigodatabase.blogspot.jp/2010/07/kyoto-hana-no-miyako.html

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Kyoto 京都　"Hana no Miyako" 花の都

***** Location: Kyoto, Japan
***** Season: Late spring
***** Category: Plant / Humanity


洛中洛外 京は"花の都"か


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Explanation

"capital of blossoms", hana no miyako 花の都
Kyoto in cherry blossoms, Kyoto during the cherry blossom season
miyako no hana 都の花 the flower of the capital (cherry blossom)

. Cherry blossoms (sakura 桜)


見わたせば柳桜をこきまぜて
都ぞ春の錦なりける

miwataseba yanagi sakura o kokimazete
miyako zo haru no nishiki narikeru

gazing over the capital
green willow threads entwine
soft red cherry blossoms
as if the Heian capital
had spread a spring brocade

The Monk Sosei 素性法師 (around 910)
Kokin Wakashu Poetry Collection　古今和歌集



source :　yoshida sanso.com

Kaiseki meal in memoriam of the above waka poem.


. Poetry and Japanese Food .


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Kyoto 京都

Heian-kyō, Heiankyoo 平安京 Heiankyo
"capital of tranquility and peace "
became the seat of Japan's imperial court in 794, beginning the Heian period of Japanese history. In Japanese, the city has been called
Kyo (京), Miyako (Miako) (都) or Kyo no Miyako (京の都).
Keishi (京師), meaning "metropolis".
©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !


. Welcome to the Heian Period ! 平安時代 .



蚊柱の穴から見ゆる都哉
ka-bashira no ana kara miyuru miyako kana

through a hole
in the mosquito swarm...
Kyoto
Tr. David Lanoue

The mosquitoes are swarming in a column (ka-bashira).
The "capital" (miyako) was Kyoto in Issa's day. This is where the emperor and his court lived. Political and military power was centered in the Shogun's city of Edo, today's Tokyo. Sakuo Nakamura pictures Issa, as he approached Kyoto, feeling heavy pressure to do well in this cultural and literary center. "Those pressures stood before him like a mosquito swarm."
Tr. David Lanoue

Kobayashi Issa 小林一茶

. WKD - Discussion of the translation .

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. Fushimi 伏見 .

visited by Matsuo Basho and Yosa Buson.


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Rakuchuu (洛中) Central Kyoto

洛中に桔梗の花が三日咲
Rakuchu ni kikyoo no hana ga mikka saki

in central Kyoto
bellflowers boom
three days long

Haifu Yanagidaru Senryu Collection 誹風柳多留



Temple Daikomyo-Ji 大光明寺


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Shimogyo-ku (下京区)
is one of the eleven wards in the city of Kyoto.
First established in 1879 as an administrativev unit, it has been merged and split, and took on its present boundaries in 1955, with the establishment of a separate Minami-ku.
Kyoto Tower and Kyoto Station are major landmarks in Shimogyo-ku.
Shimogyo-ku has a population of 74,897 and an area of 6.82 km². Three rivers, Horikawa, Kamogawa and Takasegawa, are in the ward.
©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !



下京や闇いうちから花の春
shimogyô ya kurai uchi kara hana no haru

Shimogyo Town--
in the dark before dawn
spring blossoms

. . . . .


下京の窓かぞへけり春の暮
shimogyô no mado kazoe keri haru no kure

counting the windows
of Shimogyo Town...
spring dusk

Kobayashi Issa
Tr. David Lanoue


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Bridges 橋　hashi



shijoo oohashi 四条大橋 big bridge at Shijo



gojoo oohashi 五条大橋 big bridge at Gojo

. Ushiwaka-maru and Benkei at Gojo Bridge .



春水や四条五条の橋の下
shunsui ya Shjoo Gojoo no hashi no shita

water of spring -
at Shijo and Gojo
under the bridges

. water in spring, haru no mizu 春の水 .




source :　www.nichibun.ac.jp/meisyozue

Bungobashi 豊後橋 Bungo-bashi Bridge
now Kangetsukyoo 観月橋 Kangetsu-kyo Bridge in Fushimi ward 伏見, spanning the Yodogawa river　淀川.

This bridge has already been there in the Kamakura period under the name Katsurabashi 桂橋
Ryoogunbashi 両郡橋 or Shigetsubashi 指月橋）.
Later it was rebuilt by Toyotomi Hideyoshi at a length of about 200 meters and called Bungobashi. During the Edo period, the pillars were replaced about 18 times.


asagiri ya enokoro hitotsu Bungobashi

Misty morning.
The sleeping Bungo-bridge
is crossed by a puppy.
Tr. ? - source Terebess


. Yosa Buson 与謝蕪村 .


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Oohara 大原 Ohara Kyoto

quote
Ohara is a rural town nestled in the mountains of northern Kyoto, about one hour from Kyoto Station, but still technically located within Kyoto's city limits. Ohara is best known for Sanzenin Temple and particularly popular in mid November during the autumn leaf season, which typically occurs about one week earlier than in central Kyoto.
Otonashi Waterfall
Jakkoin Temple
Jikkoin Temple
Hosenin Temple
Raigoin Temple
Shorinin Temple
source : www.japan-guide.com


by Kitao Shigemasa 北尾重政

Ohara is also famous for the "women from Ohara", ooharame 大原女, Oharame, who used to carry vegetabels and firewood to the market in Kyoto and make a good living.


observance kigo for late winter

oohara zakone 大原雑魚寝 (おおはらざこね)
sleeping together at Ohara
.... zakone 雑魚寝（ざこね） "group sleep"
"like all kind of fish", all crowded together
on the night before setsubun, February 3 at shrine 江文神社 Ebumi Jinja

This is the night of the zakone in Ohara,when all the people of the village, young and old of both sexes, masters and servants, all are allowed to lie down together and sleep in the Ebumi shrine. It is a kind of vigil before setsubun, a religious custom, and for once no restrictions whatsoever are placed on what the sleepers may venture to do. Many couples found together on this night.
This is based on a legend of a large man-eating snake, which came down to the village when hungry, and the villagers all bundled together to be safe.
But it has been forbidden to do this since the Meiji period.

The custom of zakone is also alive in other temples and shrines in Japan, sometimes during O-Bon in autumn or on the last night of the year.


から人と雑魚寝もすらん女かな
karabito to zakone mo suran onna kana

lying down together
with people from China -
these women

Kobayashi Issa 一茶
Tr. Gabi Greve

.................................................................................


にしき木の立聞きもなき雑魚寝かな
nishiki ki no tachigiki mo naku zakone kana

. Yosa Buson 与謝蕪村 in Edo .


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雑魚寝布団夢の豺狼越え歩く
zakonebuton yume no sairoo koe-aruku

Takada Chooi 高田蝶衣
(1886−1930)

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tetsugaku no michi 哲学の径 / 哲学の道
The Philosopher's Path

Der Philosophenweg, Heidelberg, Germany is the original.

The Philosopher's Walk, Philosoper's Road
a pedestrian path that follows a cherry-tree-lined canal in Kyoto, between Ginkaku-ji and Nanzen-ji. The route is so-named because the influential 20th century Japanese philosopher and Kyoto University professor Nishida Kitaro is thought to have used it for daily meditation. It passes a number of temples and shrines such as Hōnen-in, Ōtoyo Shrine, and Eikan-dō Zenrin-ji. It takes about 30 minutes to complete the walk, although many people spend more time visiting the sights along the way. On the norther part of the walk, there are good views of the nearby Daimonji. The walk is a popular destination for tourists and locals, especially during hanami.
©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !


はつ冬の哲学の径一詩人
hatsufuyu no tetsugaku no michi ichi shijin

beginning of winter
on Philosopher's Road
one poet

Sakiko Fujishima 藤島咲子
source : Tr. Fay Aoyagi


quote
Der Philosophenweg
ist ein circa zwei Kilometer langer, vor allem zu Beginn sehr steiler Weg, der vom Heidelberger Stadtteil Neuenheim auf den Heiligenberg führt. Er liegt damit dem Heidelberger Schloss am Königstuhl direkt gegenüber und ist eine der Sehenswürdigkeiten Heidelbergs.
©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !

東の東山山麓の細い道が、ドイツ・ハイデルベルクの
「哲学者の道」と地形がそっくりともいわれる.



Philosopher's Walk
a squirrel in the path
looking to and fro

Chen-ou Liu
Ajax, Ontario, Canada
source : haibuntoday.com

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Place names in Sakyo 京都市右京区
. Omuro 御室 .


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Modern Kyoto in Winter
Tokuriki Tomikichiro (1902-2000)


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Things found on the way

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. Arashiyama 嵐山 "Storm Mountain" .


. Chishaku-In 智積院 Temple in Higashiyama .
京都府京都市東山区東瓦町964


. Higashiyama Culture 東山文化 　
Higashiyama, Kyoto


. Horikawa 堀川 River Horikawa .


. Jizo Bosatsu 地蔵菩薩 Statues in Kyoto .


. Kameyama 亀山 "Turtle Mountain" - 亀岡　Kameoka　 .
Kameyama dono 亀山殿 Retreat Palace Kameyama and Tenryuuji 天竜寺 Tenryu-Ji.

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. WASHOKU - Kyoto and Kaiseki Ryori 懐石料理
　
. . . . . . Kyooyasai 京野菜 Kyo-yasai vegetables from Kyoto
　
. . . . . . Mitarashi dango 御手洗団子
rice dumplings from Shimogamo 　

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. Kyoto Folk Art - 京都　 民芸 - Introduction .

. Kyoto Clay Dolls 京都土人形　 　
some with Daruma san

. Kyoto no dorei 京都の土鈴 clay bells from Kyoto .


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HAIKU

. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .

京までは まだ半空や 雪の雲
Kyoo made wa mada nakazora ya yuki no kumo

until Kyoto
it is just half-way -
clouds with snow

Matsuo Basho, 44 years old （笈の小文）
written at Narumi 鳴海

. . . . .


source : suisai-blog.com


京にても 京なつかしや 時鳥
Kyoo ni te mo Kyoo natsukashi ya hototogisu

even when in Kyoto
I long for Kyoto -
hototogisu
Tr. Gabi Greve

Matsuo Basho
stayed at Genjuu-An 幻住庵 Genju-An in Shiga in the year Genroku 3 (1690), but had been to a visit in Kyoto.

This haiku has the cut marker YA at the end of line two and the name of the bird,
hototogisu, as the last line.


Even in Kyoto --
hearing the cuckoo's cry --
I long for Kyoto.
Tr. Robert Hass


Bird of time –
in Kyoto, pining
for Kyoto.
Tr. Lucien Stryk


. Little Cuckoo, Cuculus poliocephalis,
hototogisu ホトトギス, 時鳥 .

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塩にしてもいざ言伝ん都鳥
. shio ni shi te mo iza kotozuten Miyako-dori .

miyakodori 都鳥 hooded gull lit. "bird of the capital"
Larus ridibundus.
kigo for all winter

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天秤や京江戸かけて千代の春
. tenbin ya Kyō Edo kakete chiyo no haru .
balancing Kyoto and Edo on a giant scale


. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Visiting Kyoto .


. Basho-An 芭蕉庵 in Kyoto
temple Konpuku-Ji 金福寺 / 金福寺 . .


Paintings about Basho from the Kyoto Museum Collection
京都国立博物館所蔵
source : www.bashouan.com


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. Kobayashi Issa 小林一茶 - Cultural keywords .

のらくらや花の都も秋の風
norakura ya hana no miyako mo aki no kaze

loafing around -
even in the capital of blossoms
now autumn wind

Kobayashi Issa, 1816


Maybe Issa stayed in Edo ?
Issa stayed in Edo not in Kyoto. So I think 花の都 is not necessary to be Kyoto.
Nakamura Sakuo Haiga

. . . . .


行秋やすでに御釈迦は京の空
yuku aki ya sude ni o-shaka wa kyoo no sora

autumn ends--
already the Buddha
fills Kyoto's sky

or

autumn ends--
already the statue of Buddha Shakamuni
is under the sky of Kyoto
Tr. Gabi Greve


In a prescript to this haiku, Issa alludes to an image of Gautama Buddha being returned to its temple in Kyoto.
Seiryooji 清涼寺 Temple Seiryo-Ji, Shakado 釈迦堂 in Saga, Kyoto, is quite famous for the statue of Gautama Shakyamuni which is about 160 cm high and rather simple in a robe of Indian style of Gandhara Buddhas. It was made in China and had the intestines made of silk inside.



The statue had been shown at the temple Eko-In 回向院 (Ekooin) in Edo in 1810.

More about the temle Seiryoji and haiku
. Saga　嵯峨 Spring Festivals .

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京辺や冬篭さへいそがしき
miyakobe ya fuyugomori sae isogashiki

Kyoto people
stay busy outside
all winter long
Tr. Chris Drake

This hokku was written in the 11th month (December) of 1816, when Issa had left his hometown for a while and traveled back to Edo to see poets there. The difference between his hometown and Edo must have been extreme in winter. In Edo people went outside and kept busy during the whole winter, unlike the home confinement people experienced during much of the winter in the snow country, in which Issa's hometown was located. In this hokku, however, Issa evokes not Edo, the location of the shogun's castle and actual center of power in Japan, but the ancient capital of Kyoto, nominally the capital though the "reigning" emperor or empress was merely a figurehead. Perhaps Issa focuses on Kyoto because even more important annual events were scheduled there than in busy Edo.

In addition to being the site of a diligent court that continuously carried out empty rituals, Kyoto had hundreds of Buddhist temples, many of them the head temple of their school, and perhaps even more Shinto shrines. Numerous important ceremonies, festivals, performances, and events took place there every single day throughout the winter, and Kyoto's thriving economy also continued to operate at a rapid pace. To speak of "winter confinement" in Kyoto is a contradiction in terms, and the phrase was used there and in the other larger cities of Issa's time mainly as an elegant euphemism for staying indoors a bit more in winter.

Chris Drake

. Kobayashi Issa 小林一茶 .

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. Yosa Buson 与謝蕪村 . 　

ほととぎす平安城を筋違（すじかい）に
hototogisu Heianjoo o sujikai ni

this cockoo -
it criss-crosses over
Heiankyo



御火焚や霜うつくしき京の町
ohitaki ya shimo utsukushiki kyoo no machi

bonfire ceremony -
the frost is so beautiful
in the town of Kyoto


. Bonfire ceremony (ohotaki 御火焚) 　　


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Many more haiku about Kyoto and Miyako are here
(waiting to be translated . . .)

上京 / 京(みやこ) / 京より / 京中 / 京人 / 京洛 / 京舞
and many more keywords
- source : AIKUreikuDB -

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plant kigo for early summer

miyakogusa 都草 (みやこぐさ) "capital plant"
It used to grow wild around the capital of Kyoto in the old days.
Now it is found everywhere in Japan. Its yellow flowers look like enchanted butterflies.

Lotus corniculatus
is a common flowering plant native to grassland temperate Eurasia and North Africa. The common name is Bird's-foot Trefoil (or similar, such as "birdsfoot trefoil"), though the common name is often also applied to other members of the genus. It is also known in cultivation in North America as Birdfoot Deervetch.
©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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Related words

***** . miyako odori 都踊 Miyako Dance
kigo for late spring 　

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- - - - - Further festivals as kigo from the Kyoto region:

. Ama no Hashidate Matsuri 天の橋立祭 .
. Kitano natane goku 北野菜種御供 ritual for rapeseed blossoms .
. Kushi Matsuri 櫛祭り Kushi Comb Festival .
. mikage matsuri 御蔭祭 "honorable shadow festival" .
. Seimei Matsuri 晴明祭 Seimei Festival .

. WKD - Kyoto Festivals 京都の祭り .

. Kyoto Festivals in April

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***** Nara 奈良 the ancient capital

***** . Gosho Imperial Palace in Kyoto 京都御所 .

***** . Fudōdōchō　不動堂町　 FudoDo-Cho .

***** . Rashoomon 羅生門 Rashomon Gate .

***** . Shishinden 紫宸殿 Hall for State Ceremonies .


***** . Place names used in haiku 　

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Hana no Oedo 花の大江戸
***** Edo 江戸, The City That Became Tokyo

We also have the expression : the thriving city of Edo

hana no o-Edo, the flourishing town of Edo
花の大江戸


時鳥花のお江戸を一呑に
hototogisu hana no o-edo o hito nomi ni

oh cuckoo--
swallow blossom-filled Edo
in a gulp!


初夢の不二の山売る都哉
hatsu yume no fuji no yama uru miyako kana

year's first dream--
Mount Fuji is sold
in Kyoto

Kobayashi Issa
Tr. David Lanoue

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鐘一つ　売れぬ日はなし　江戸の春
kane hitotsu urenu hi wa nashi Edo no haru

spring in Old Edo -
not a day without a
temple bell sold

寶井其角 Takarai Kikaku (1661-1707)

. Temple Bells and Haiku


Read more details of this poem :
- - - discussion from Translating Haiku

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