EDO - geta wooden clogs

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. Edo shokunin　江戸の職人 Craftsmen of Edo .
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geta 下駄　ashida 足駄 Geta wooden clogs

. Geta 下駄 Wooden Sandals, Clogs .
- Introduction and Haiku -
Geta with only one "tooth" to balance on 一本歯の下駄
Often worn by Tengu 天狗.



Utagawa Toyokuni III (Kunisada)

- quote
Geta (下駄) are a form of traditional Chinese-Japanese footwear that resemble both clogs and flip-flops. Geta were invented by the Chinese and then introduced to Japan from China. They are a kind of sandal with an elevated wooden base held onto the foot with a fabric thong to keep the foot well above the ground. . . . . .
According to Japanese superstition, breaking the thong on one's geta is considered very unlucky.
- source : wikipedia

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yukigeta, yuki geta 雪下駄 Geta for snow




source : xadachi-hanga.com/ukiyo-e

蒲原 Kanbara juku (Tokaido) 夜之雪 Night with snow
歌川広重 Hiroshige

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Look at the toes holding these high Geta!



- Look at more photos of feet on Ukiyo-E here:
- source : みさと接骨院 -

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下駄　浮世絵 Geta with Ukiyo-E patterns are also popular !
Click on the photo for more samples !



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getaya 下駄屋 craftsman making Geta

Since the middle of the Edo period, Geta had made their way into the city not only as an item of every-day use but also an item of fashion.
The much cheaper straw sandals were used for every-day walking, expecially by the Nagoya population living in cheap quarters.


source : blog.goo.ne.jp/yousan02 - 『七十一番職人歌合』
A craftsman is just about to put a whole into the wood for the Hanao. First the hole is made with a drill, and the wood standing up is then burned down with metal chopsticks that can be heated in fire.

komageta 駒下駄 Komageta, the wooden parts are made of one piece.

- quote -
Geta are made of one piece of solid wood forming the sole and two wooden blocks underneath. These blocks may have a metal plate on the section that touches the ground in order to lengthen the life span of the Geta. A V-shaped thong of cloth forms the upper part of the sandal.
The dai (台, stand)
may vary in shape: oval ("more feminine") to rectangular ("more masculine") and color (natural, lacquered, or stained). The ha (歯, teeth) may also vary in style; for example, tengu-geta have only a single centered "tooth". There are also less common geta with three teeth. Merchants use(d) very high geta (two long teeth) to keep the feet well above the seafood scraps on the floor. The teeth are usually not separate, instead, the geta is carved from one block of wood. The tengu tooth is, however, strengthened by a special attachment. The teeth of any geta may have harder wood drilled into the bottom to avoid splitting, and the soles of the teeth may have rubber soles glued onto them.
The hanao 鼻緒, cloth thong)
can be wide and padded, or narrow and hard, and it can be made with many sorts of fabric. Printed cotton with traditional Japanese motifs is popular, but there are also geta with vinyl and leather hanao. Inside the hanao is a cord (recently synthetic, but traditionally hemp) that is knotted in a special way to the three holes of the dai. In the wide hanao there is some padding as well. The hanao are replaceable. It sits between the two first toes because having the thong of rectangular geta anywhere but the middle would result in the inner back corners of the geta colliding when walking.
- source : wikipedia -

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目のゆがみたるから、心地あしや








using extra high Geta for the toilet

- Look at more illustrations here:
source : miyuki-honpo/getanorekisi


- - - Different kinds of Geta


- reference : miyuki-honpo/getanosyurui -

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両国に古りし下駄屋や冬の雨
ryoogoku ni furishi getaya ya fuyu no ame

at Ryogoku
there is an old Geta shop -
rain in winter

Katsumata Itto 勝又一透 (1907 - 1999)

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source : blog.goo.ne.jp/aboo-kai/e

getaya no teishu 下駄屋の亭主 Getaya the Husband

女房逃げ亭主呆けて春の雨

his wife left him -
the husband is at a loss
in the spring rain

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夫婦喧嘩下駄を履くまで終わらない
fuufugenka geta o haku made owaranai

a fighting couple
will not give up
until one slips into the Geta

One partner is at the entrance hall and all ready to leave the home now in anger . . . but well, the good couple comes back to its sense and all is well again.

- reference : senryu about geta -

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geta no haire, geta ha-ire 下駄歯入れ repairing wooden geta clogs


geta haireya　下駄歯入れ屋 Geta repairman

This was a job for a repairman walking along the streets of Edo.

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source : blog.goo.ne.jp/s10683726/e ...
getaya no kanban 下駄屋の看板 shop sign of a Geta store


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. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

.................................................................................　Miyagi 宮城県
蔵王町 Zao

furugeta no urami 古下駄の怨 the grudge of the old Geta
In the early Meiji period the region of 自由ヶ丘公園 Jiyugaoka Park was still a quiet Pine grove. The decided to build a 寺子屋 Terakoya school there. During the construction someone threw an old pair of geta in the fundament without much thought. Eventually the building was finished, but every night there was the sound of wooden Geta walking around and a hig-pitched whailing and crying: "This heavy stone is hurting by broken back!"
When they opened the fundament to have a look, they found the pair of Geta and took it out. Now all was quiet.

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- reference : nichibun yokai database -
117 to explore (01)

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Nozarashi Gosuke 野晒五助

Gosuke wears a robe with a skull pattern. From the sword on his back hangs a Geta with marks in the form of a skull too.
He is the henchman for the robber chief 日本駄右衛門 Nippon Daemon. He is known as a street knight (otokodate). They lived by a strict code of honor which dictated that they always have to assist people in need. It is also the theme of a popular kabuki play.





Kuniyoshi moyo shofuda tsuketari genkin otoko 国芳もよう正札附現金男
(Men of Ready Money with True Labels Attached, Kuniyoshi Style)
source and reference

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. Doing Business in Edo - 商売　- Introduction .

. shokunin 職人 craftsman, craftsmen, artisan, Handwerker .

. senryu, senryū 川柳　Senryu poems in Edo .

. Japanese Architecture - Interior Design - The Japanese Home .

. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .


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Posted By Gabi Greve to Edo - the EDOPEDIA - on 6/10/2016 01:20:00 pm

HEIAN - baka uma-shika yokai

- BACK to the Daruma Museum -
. Japanese legends and tales 伝説　民話 昔話 - Introduction .
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baka uma-shika　馬鹿 と伝説 Legends about the Baka Yokai
baroku 馬鹿（ばろく）
yokai 妖怪：馬鹿（むましか）Mumashika, Muma-Shika
Yōkai demon with a horse's head and deer's body


Hyakki Yakō Emaki

A Yokai beast with one horn, sometimes wearing robes like a monk. The head is long like that of a horse and his hands and nails are like the hooves of a deer. It has only one eye, which can jump out of the eye socket.
Its facial expression is that of a human Baka, a fool.

- quote -
Baka (馬鹿, ばか, or バカ) means "fool; idiot", or (as an adjectival noun) "foolish" and is the most frequently used pejorative term in the Japanese language.

The same 馬鹿 "horse deer" characters that transcribe baka are also used for names in Chinese zoological nomenclature and Japanese mythology.

In the Chinese language, malu 馬鹿 refers to the common "Red Deer; Cervus elaphus", which has a Japanese name of akashika 赤鹿 (lit. "red deer").

Mumashika is a rare alternate Japanese reading of 馬鹿 that names "a yōkai demon with a horse's head and deer's body".
The c. 1832 Hyakki Yakō Emaki 百鬼夜行絵巻 "100 Demons' Night Parade Picture Scroll" depicts it with one eye, horse mouth and ears, and deer horn and hooves.
- source : wikipedia -

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- source : tyz-yokai.blog.jp/archives -

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. Tanuki no bakabayashi 狸の馬鹿囃子 the Tanuki Band Procession .
in Tokyo

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- - - - - ABC List of the prefectures :

.......................................................................... Ehime 愛媛県 ......................................
宇和島市 Uwajima town

In 下波村 Shitaba village, the deity ヒダル神 Hidarugami is called
shirami シラミ. They are a kind of misaki ミサキ.
And the local fishermen call it
baka 馬鹿 / バカ .
It comes like a white cloud surrounding a boat and draws it into the ocean.
Baka are the souls of people drowned during shipwrecks. Their souls are appeased at O-Bon and other rituals.
But when the villagers call it Baka, it gets angry and there will usually be a fire soon somewhere.

. Hidarugami ヒダル神 .

. Misaki ミサキ / 御先 / 御前 / 御崎 Legends about the Misaki deity .


.......................................................................... Kumamoto 熊本県 ......................................
天草郡 Amakusa district

Baka sama no sekihi 馬鹿様の石碑 Stone Memorial of Baka sama
It relates to 主留浦浜.


source : amakoma.sakura.ne.jp

If children climb this dangerous stone they often fall down and hurt themselves. Sometimes a sword comes out to cut them.
It might be a local diversion of the dialect, hakajun はかじゅん（墓順）- order of the graves and seats of the elders.


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玉名郡 Tamana district 和水町 Nagomi

From an old 古墳 Kofun tomb there is often a fire coming out, wobbling here and there.
The villagers call it
bakabi (baka no hi) 馬鹿火 "Baka fire", "Baka flames".

- quote -
Etafunayama Ancient Tomb (National Treasure　江田船山古墳
Eta Funayama Tumulus is a sixty-two-meter long, keyhole-shaped burial mound at the center of the Seibaru Tumuli, a cluster of mounds spread out on a plateau on the left bank of the Kikusui River in Kumamoto Prefecture, Kyushu. It is thought that it was constructed in the late fifth century or early sixth century. In 1873, a set of exquisite burial goods was excavated from the sarcophagus-style stone burial chamber (also called a 'house-style sarcophagus with side opening') in the round portion of the mound. ..... From this we can speculate that the individuals buried in this tumulus played an important role in relations between the Japanese archipelago and the Korean peninsula.
- source : marley -


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- reference : nichibun yokai database 妖怪データベース -
(including baka, a foolish person) 馬鹿息子 - to be excluded
86 to explore (14)




完全復刻 - 妖怪馬鹿 - 京極 夏彦

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. Japanese legends and tales 伝説　民話　昔話 - Introduction .

- Yookai 妖怪 Yokai Monsters of Japan -
- Introduction -

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. Join the friends on Facebook ! .

- #bakaumashika #umashika -
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Posted By Gabi Greve to Heian Period Japan on 6/08/2016 01:39:00 pm

SHINTO - shinboku - divine tree

[http://darumasan.blogspot.com/2005/01/digest-january-2005.html]
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shinboku 神木, shinju　神樹　sacred tree, divine tree

kami no ki, kaminoki 　神の木、神ノ木 tree of the deity, tree of God
go shinboku, goshinboku, go-shinboku, go-shin-boku 御神木　"honorable sacred tree"
reiboku 霊木 divine tree, "tree with a divine soul"

kamisugi, kamusugi 神杉 divine pine tree


source :　s-hoshino.com
等々力渓谷の近くにある神社　at a shrine near Todoroki Keikoku Valley in Kyoto


quote
Shinboku, Shinju
Literally, "divine tree," a tree regarded as sacred, as the symbol of sacred territory or a place in which the kami dwell. When viewed in this way, the cutting or polluting of such trees is avoided. On the other hand, in some cases the term is used to denote the lumber dedicated for building shrines. During the Heian period, the sacred nature of certain trees was exploited for political ends, as when priests (jinin) of the Kasuga Shrine in Nara carried a sacred sakaki tree when making demands in Kyoto.

Since ancient times certain trees or entire groves within shrine precincts were regarded as sacred, as attested by expressions such as "the cryptomeria revered by the priest (hafuri or hōri) of Miwa," or "the sacred forest (kannabi)" (both expressions found in Man'yōshū), or from the records of Emperor Kōtoku in Nihongi, "he despised the way of the kami by felling the trees at the Ikukunitama Shrine." Sacred trees are seen frequently today, encircled by sacred border ropes (shimenawa) or enclosures.

In most cases such trees represent very old or large specimens. In other cases, certain specific trees may be linked in some way to the kami of the shrine, such as the shirushi no sugi at Kyoto's Fushimi Inari Shrine and the Ōmiwa Shrine, or the pines of the shrines Ōharano Jinja, Kitano Tenmangū and Sumiyoshi Taisha, the cryptomeria (nagi) of Kasuga Taisha and Kumano Taisha, the tataegi of the Suwa Taisha, and the "flying plum tree" (tobiume) at Dazaifu Tenmangū.
source : Sakurai Haruo, Kokugakuin 2005



Kannabi, kamunabi, iwasaka, himorogi and other names refer to a place in nature where the gods are believed to reside, a "purified place". It is also a kind of yorishiro resting place for the god.
. kannabi 神奈備 sacred forest .

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imiki, imi ki (imigi) 忌み木 "taboo tree"
忌む木
. imi 忌み / 斎み / 禁忌 imi - taboo - Introduction .

Sacred trees where deities come to reside during their travels in this world and the other.
Forest workers, charcoal makers and local villagers found special trees in the forest that were not to be cut down, because 山の神 the Deity of the Mountain resides in them. It they were touched improperly, that person would hurt himself, get ill and eventually die. There are many legends of this kind of punishment of the Deity.
If for some special reason a taboo tree had to be cut down, there need to be a ritual first performed by a Shinto or Buddhist priest to ask for forgiveness and understanding.

-- The following is an ABC list (to be updated) of vocabulary related to these trees:

aioi matsu アイオイマツ（相生松）"mixed pine tree"
赤松と黒松 red and black pine tree grown together, in 幡多郡十和村 Towa village, Kochi.
. bifurcated pine tree and the Takasago legend .

aogi アオギ（和名クロガネモチ / 黒鉄黐 kuroganemochi no ki）Ilex rotunda
Grows low in valleys. People often say
une no kasamatsu ni tani no aogi ウネ（尾根）の傘松に谷のアオギ Kasamatsu on the ridge and Aogi in the valley

engi エンギ（縁木）"trees bound by fate"
One tree with one more different type of 寄生 parasite
enmusubi no ki 縁結び木 Tree to come for finding a good partner (or other kind of EN)

hidarimakigi ヒダリマキギ（左巻木）"left-winding tree"
at 北川村 Kitagawa village, 安芸市上尾川 Kochi

hookigi ホーキギ（箒木）"broom tree"
The branches have the form of a broom. Often observed in mountain cherry trees 山桜 (hookizakura 箒桜), also called hotegi ホテギ.

source : kkakehi.cocolog-nifty.com/photos
For example in 十和村 - 鏡村 Towa and Kagami village, Kochi.

kasamatsu カサマツ（傘松） "umbrella pine tree"
The branches have the form of an umbrella.
In 吾川村寺村 Agawa village Teramura, Kochi, people say
山の神の性根の入った木 (the strong personality of the Mountain Deity resices here)
or 「天狗の休み木」A tree where the Tengu take a rest.


kusegi クセギ（癖木） "tree with a special habit"
A tree which grows in strange, unnatural ways. Some are quite elegant and tasteful.


madogi マドギ（窓木）"window tree"
Trees with two stems, that parted at some point and were re-united further up again.
Trees with this "window" opening facing east-west were especially auspicious.

source :blog.livedoor.jp/thbigthree/archives
yama no kami no yadorigi 山の神の止り木
yama no kami no yasumigi 山の神の休み木
yama no kami no oshimigi 山の神の惜み木
Also called renriboku, renrigi 連理木（れんりぼく、れんりぎ）


oyadakigi オヤダキギ（親抱き木）tree like a "parent embracing a child"
In 東律野村大古味 Tsuno willage, Okomi

. sakaki 榊 Sakaki tree, Cleyera japonica .

sashieda サシエダ（差し枝）tree with very long branches
In 北川村 Kitagawa village, Kochi.

shakujoogi シャクヂョーギ（錫杖木）"walking staff tree"
The stem is parted in the middle like a walking staff.
In 香北町 Kahoku village, Kochi.

Tengu no tomarigi テングノトマリギ（天狗のとまり木）a tree where Tengu take a rest
Their legends are handed down in the villages. If someone tries to cut a tree town, he will be flipped in the air or falls under the tree.
At night such a tree sometimes makes a loud, painful sound, or falls down all by itself 天狗の倒し木 (tree cut down by a Tengu),
If villagers check in the morning, sometimes there is nothing special to be seen.

toriigi トリイギ（鳥居木） Torii tree
Tree grown in the form of a Torii Shinto gate.
In Yamanashi this tree is used by the Deity of the Mountain or a Tengu.
Sometimes a tree falls down by itself. Villagers then cut some branches and ask the deities to enjoy them instead.

tsurugi ツルギ / tsurigi ツリギ tree with two branches growing together 癒着.
tsurugi, tsurugu means 交合 copulation in the local dialect of 池川町椿山、十和村 Towa village, Kochi.

yutoo ユトー（湯桶）tree like an earthen pot
in 土佐山村 Tosayama village, Kochi. The branches look like 土瓶の取手 the handle of a dobin pot.


- reference : geocities.jp/kyoketu -

- Legends and tales about these trees: (to explore)
- reference : nichibun yokai database 妖怪データベース -
aogi アオギ (03)
engi 縁木 (03)
kasamatsu 傘松 (04)
madogi 窓木 (13)

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. WKD : ki, jumoku 木　－　樹木　.


. tachikibutsu 立木仏 trees with carved Buddhas . 　

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source :　Michihito on facebook
at 大阪の門真市

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- - - - -　 H A I K U　 - - - - -

神木は釘を打れて時雨けり
shinboku wa kugi o utarete shigure keri

a nail pounding
into sacred wood...
winter rain
Tr. Lanoue



shimboku wa kugi o utarete shigurekeri

a god's tree --
as a nail is hammered in
it drops cold rain
Tr. Chris Drake

This winter hokku is from the 10th month (November) of 1823, five months after Issa's wife Kiku died and two months before his ailing infant son Konzaburo will die. The hokku is about someone doing what is called "nailing a curse during the hour of the cow (1 a.m.-3 a.m.)." The most sacred time in Shinto is the middle of the night, when most of the important secret ceremonies are carried out, and curses were also popularly believed to be more powerful if made at that time, though they had nothing to do with Shinto. Those who made the curses, however, dressed in white pilgrim's robes, put candles on round holders on their heads, and wore other clothes as if they were doing austerities. The person making the curse secretly goes to a Shinto shrine between 1 and 3 a.m. night after night until s/he believes the curse is beginning to take effect. The curse itself is made by nailing a straw doll in the shape of the person being cursed to the trunk of a tree at a shrine with a long five-inch nail. Something owned by the person can also nailed to the tree.
The "god's tree" here could refer to any tree within precincts of the shrine, although in some contexts it means the tree-body of a god. Since a tree embodying a god usually had a fence or sacred barrier around it and was hard to approach, I take this to be an ordinary shrine tree sacred to the god.

In the hokku someone goes stealthily into the precincts of a Shinto shrine well after midnight and nails a straw doll to a shrine tree with a long iron nail, no doubt driving the nail through an area of the doll that would be fatal if actually driven through the person the doll represents. However, Issa evokes the tree responding to the nail as if to punish the person making the curse. The hard hammering shakes the tree and causes the nearly freezing raindrops still on its limbs after a day and evening of passing showers to fall down. Cold raindrops soak the nailer's head, perhaps putting out the candles s/he is wearing.

Chris Drake
. WKD : Kobayashi Issa 小林一茶 in Edo .





. Wara ningyoo 藁人形 straw dolls for curses .
At midnight, a nail is hit through the heart of the doll to fix it to a tree in a shrine.
ushi mitsu, the old double-hour of the ox beginning at one o'clock. mitsu signifies the third part of this time slot.

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宿木も共に神木小鳥来る
yadorigi mo tomo ni shinboku kotori kuru

the mistletoe too
is part of the divine tree -
small birds come here

Kawasaki Keiko 川崎桂子

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神木を遊び場にして鴉の子
shinboku o asobiba ni shite karasu no ko

this divine tree
is the playground
for baby crows

Takazawa Ryooichi 高澤良一 Takazawa Ryoichi


. karasu no ko 鴉の子 children of the crow, baby crow .
kigo for all summer


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注連さげし杉の神木花粉撒く
shime sageshi sugi no shinboku kafun maku

the sacred cedar tree
with the sacred rope
scatters its pollen . . .

Murakami Tatsuyoshi 村上辰良


. WKD : sugi no kafun 杉の花粉 cedar pollen .
kigo for late spring


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神木も倒して隠岐の野分かな
shinboku mo taoshite Oki no nowaki kana

this typhoon
has even blown down the divine tree
at Oki island

Yoshikawa Umeko 吉川梅子


. WKD : nowaki 野分 "parting the fields" "field-dividing" wind, "field-divider" typhoon .
kigo for mid-autumn


Oki Islands (隠岐諸島, Oki-shotō, or 隠岐群島 Oki-guntō)
are a group of islands in the southwestern part of the Sea of Japan and belong to Japan.
Already under the Nara period the islands were used as an exile for persons from the mainland.
From the Kamakura period the islands were administrated as "Oki no kuni" (Oki Province) and primarily governed by the shugo (governor) from Izumo Province.
Under the Edo period the Tokugawa family took control over the islands and they were put under the direct control of the Shogun through a governor. Later they became part of the Matsue Domain. During that time the islands were a stopover point for trading boats traveling to and from Asia.
©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !


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天の木といふ涼しさの未来より
ten no ki to iu suzushisa no mirai yori

coolness
called a celestial tree
from the future
Tr. Fay Aoyagi

Sanuka Masami 佐怒賀政美


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餅焼いて神木の箸こがしけり
mochi yaite shinboku no hashi kogashikeri

as I grill rice cakes
the chopsticks of divine wood
get burned . . .

Suzuki Yaeko 鈴木ヤエコ



Hinoki wood chopsticks from Ise Shrine

Some shrines, especially the Grand Shrine at Ise, prepare special chopsticks from the divine trees for rituals or sell them as amulets to people.

. Ise Jinguu (伊勢神宮 Ise Jingu, Ise Grand Shrine .


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kamisugi, kamusugi 神杉 divine pine tree



神杉や三百年の蔦紅葉
kamisugi ya sanbyakunen no tsuta momiji

divine pine trees -
and the red leaves of ivy
for three hundred years

. Masaoka Shiki 正岡子規 visiting Nikko 日光 .


The tsuta vines are fond of old pine trees and like to grow around them.
. WKD : tsuta momiji 蔦紅葉 red leaves of Japanese ivy .


. Matsuo Basho in Nikko .

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神の杉ましろき藤をかけにけり 岸風三楼 往来
神の杉焦げんばかりにどんと燃ゆ 大坂十縫
神杉に沿ひ昇る日やほととぎす 柳沢仙渡子
神杉に礫のごとし初雀 安川幸里
神杉に耳あててみる盆休み 朝妻力
神杉に谺し雪のびんざさら 伊藤いと子

神杉のもとに庖丁始の儀 黒田晃世
神杉の上をとびゆく滝しぶき 栗山渓村
神杉の千年の黙冷まじや 森戸光子
神杉の太根を頼み雪残る 林 翔
神杉の実の真青なる手向山 福井貞子
神杉の年縄寂ぶる若葉雨 中村祐子
神杉の明暗負ひて種下ろす 有働亨
神杉の根を踏み虞る梅雨豊前 井口荘子
神杉の樹齢を仰ぐ淑気かな 東 天紅
神杉の百尺に夏来たりけり 小村陽子
神杉の秀へ火の粉舞ふ八朔祭 佐藤栄美
神杉の秀を押上ぐる大初日 村上誠子
神杉の葉を添へて売る三輪暦 大島民郎

神杉やあまりちひさき秋の蝶 高橋淡路女

神杉を射て砕けたる初日かな 稲岡長
神杉を少し揺さぶり風光る 稲畑廣太郎
神杉を突いて鉄砲宮相撲 茨木和生

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. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

shinboku 神木 legends

................................................................................ Saitama 埼玉県
比企郡 Hiki district

. enoki 榎木 / 榎 nettle tree .
Celtis sinensis var. japonica.
武州比企郡鎌形村の農万右衛門の家で、享保末頃のある夏の日の午後、木の枕のようなものが突然家の中に転げ込んできたのを下女が怖がり、庭の榎木の空洞の中に入ってしまった。人々が空洞の中を探しても何も見つからなかったが、後にこの木を伐り倒そうとすると、木から血が流れて止まらなかったので中止したという。

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- reference : nichibun yokai database 妖怪データベース -
88 to explore (00)

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- #shinboku #iminoki #shinju
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Posted By Gabi Greve to Japan - Shrines and Temples on 6/20/2013 10:56:00 am

EDO - jingi greeting

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. Persons and People of Edo - Personen .
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jingi o kiru 仁義を切る Yakuza greeting

When entering the home of a gang boss, the visitor had to stand in the entrance, bend his knees, left hand stretched out, palm up and the right hand at the hip.
He then introduces himself in a formal way, asking for a lodging or long-time stay.


- source : wiki - Kreislauf_des_Geldes -
This is the pose, but the statue is in Aachen, Germany.
(The figure symbolizing 'Bettelei' (Begging) in a group around a pond, Kreislauf des Geldes / Circulation of Money - by Karl Henning Seemann)
source :　vanderkrogt.net/statues
I must say, I have never seen a German (or European) beggar in this pose before . . . ?!

yakuza introduction, presenting bona fides
to make a formal salutation (between gamblers)
to observe thieves' niceties,
to inform the other party of a (negative) business development (ironical)
to make a formal introduction of oneself
to pay one's respects

kyookaku 侠客 Kyokaku, "chivalrous Yakuza person"
professional gambler in the Edo period

The Kyokaku were usually tall and strong persons, who could easily win a fight.
They also had the mental strength to lead others in their trade.

jingi means "humanity benevolence justice righteousness," "one's duty (to society" . . .

There are many translations and interpretations of this greeting.
- reference : "jingi wo kiru" -

. yakuza, the Japanese mob　 .
Eta and Burakumin



source : 課題ブログ

o hikae nasute おひかえなすって


一身上の都合で旅人（たびにん。旅から旅に渡り歩く者）となった者も、手拭い1本あればその土地土地の親分を訪ね、一宿一飯の恩を蒙り、草鞋銭（わらじせん）を得て旅行することができたという。ただし、一言でも言い間違えたり、所作に間違いがあった場合は「騙り」とみなされ、袋叩きになって追い出され、殺されても不思議ではなかった。
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !


- quote -
The Jingi -- or Yakuza's Code of Ethics --
is a written code of conduct or behavior that by the law of the Yakuza has been followed for the past several hundred years. Depending on the Oyabun-- Father figure (Chariman)-- one could be removed from a syndicate or clan by simply disregarding one of these rules. Some occurance, however, are dealt with in a forgiving manner. The afforementioned is not a general occurance, and will most likely not happen with you. It is up to one's own personal conviction to either follow, or disregard the Yakuza Code, but those who disrespect the code are scum, and are not considered Yakuza who honorably live by this code.
.....
4.) The Yakuza Code of Ethics prohibits anything that may be considered an indecent act,
or an act that goes against Ninkyodo (Chivalry).
Reasoning -
The Yakuza were known as the chivalrous organization of their community. The whole purpose of the Yakuza was to serve their own form of justice. Acts such as rape or kidnapping were not tolerated. If these acts were carried out against family members of the Yakuza (daughters, girlfriends, wives, sons, etc.), those who took offense from the action would deal with such in a quite grizzly matter. The Yakuza were firm believers in the rule, "A Life for A Life".
Example: If a man were to rape the daughter of a Yakuza, that man would be taking her innocence, and in turn her future. Because of this, the Yakuza who had been offended would take the life of the offender, thus taking their future from them as recompense. Another example of going against chivalry is treachery.
Treachery is something that could not be tolrated in the days of the Yakuza. This was usually punishable by the severing of the offender's pinky, and their immediate expulsion from the clan or syndicate as an act to show off that the Yakuza is a traitor and should not be part of another family so long as he lives... Depending on the Oyabun-- or father figure (Chairman)-- this could be an activity punishable by death. .....
- source : yakuza-mob-roleplay.wikia.com -



source : chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa

. oyabun 親分 boss - kobun 子分 gang member .
- Introduction -

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ーーー　The four most famous Kyokaku "noble yakuza" outlaws of the Edo period :



. Banzuiin Chōbei 幡随院長兵衛 Banzuin Chobei . (1622–1657)
Asakusa, Edo - kyookaku no ganso 侠客の元祖 The first Kyokaku "chivalrous person"

. Kunisada Chuuji 国定忠治 Kunisada Chuji . (1810-1851)
Gunma, Shinshu
There is even a 忠治地蔵 Chuji Jizo Statue in his honor.

. Shimizu no Jirocho 清水次郎長 . (1820-1893)
Shimizu port, Shizuoka




侠客の世界──江戸から昭和まで Kyokaku no sekai - Edo kara Showa made
(The world of Kyokaku, from Edo to Showa)
村松梢風
江戸時代から昭和の始めにかけて、侠客は賭博（娯楽）をはじめとして、貸元・札差（金融・運送）、人入（人材派遣）、台屋（仕出し）、用心棒（警備）、火消（消防）、鳶職（建設）、米相場、芸能といった世界を仕切っていただけでなく、大物政治家たちの集会の手配、外国要人の警備もおこなっていた。
また、幕末繰り広げられた数々の戦いで官軍として戦った者の多くは侠客であった。侠客は日本の歴史の裏舞台であらゆる分野にわたって活躍していたといえる。本書は、幡随院長兵衛をはじめとして、かつて歌舞伎や浪花節、映画の主役として登場し、江戸から昭和まで庶民の人気を集めていた侠客について、様々な角度からその歴史、実態、伝説を紹介する。
- reference : kokusho.co.jp/np/isbn-

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Shinmon Tatsugoro 新門辰五郎
(?1792 / ?1800 - 1875)


CLICK for more photos !

He lived in the late Edo period and the Bakumatsu times. He was leader of the fire brigade and 鳶頭、香具師、侠客、浅草浅草寺門番 warden of Asakusa Temple district.
The name "Shinmon" - new gate" refers to his job in Asakusa as warden of the New Gate.
金龍山浅草寺僧坊伝法院新門の門番


Shinmon lantern of the fire brigades is the second on the left.


He was also accepted by the 15th Shogun, 徳川慶喜 Tokugawa Yoshinobu, who called on him and his gang to come to Kyoto and become 二条城の警備 guardsmen at the Nijo Castle. Yoshinobu forgot his 金扇馬標 golden fan of the Tokugawa clan when fleeing from the castle, but Tatsugoro got it back to him.


source : Toshogu Museum Kunosan

Tatsugoro later became guardsman at 上野寛永寺 the Kanei-Ji temple in Ueno, where Yoshinobu took residence.


His last poem before his death
思ひおく まぐろの刺身 鰒汁（ふぐとしる） ふっくりぼぼに どぶろくの味

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平成新講談 新門辰五郎―十番組纏づくし




新門辰五郎伝 - 早乙女貢

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- quote -
Tokugawa Yoshinobu 徳川慶喜 (1873 - 1913)
the 15th and last shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan. He was part of a movement which aimed to reform the aging shogunate, but was ultimately unsuccessful. After resigning in late 1867, he went into retirement, and largely avoided the public eye for the rest of his life.
Tokugawa Yoshinobu was born in Edo, as the seventh son of Tokugawa Nariaki, daimyo of Mito. .....
1866 After the death of Tokugawa Iemochi in 1866, Yoshinobu was chosen to succeed him, and became the 15th shogun.
Boshin War (1868–69)
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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- - - - - H A I K U and S E N R Y U - - - - -

川鯉の三尺三寸は侠客ぞ
kawagoi no sanjaku sanzun wa kyookaku zo

this river carp
of more than one meter
is a real chivalrous Yakuza . . .
Tr. Gabi Greve

奥山甲子男　Okuyama Kineo (1929 - 1998)

one shaku 一尺 ca. 30 cm // one sun 一寸 ca. 3 cm

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侠客の鮎にしらじら谿明くる
高澤良一

侠客の駈け抜けし径露どつと
吉田銀葉


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. Doing Business in Edo - 商売　- Introduction .

. shokunin 職人 craftsman, craftsmen, artisan, Handwerker .

. senryu, senryū 川柳　Senryu poems in Edo .


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[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]- - - - - #jingiokiru #yakuza - - - -
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Posted By Gabi Greve to Edo - the EDOPEDIA - on 6/01/2016 01:00:00 pm

EDO - dokufu poisonous woman

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. Persons and People of Edo - Personen .
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dokufu 毒婦 "poisonous woman"
akujo 悪女 "bad woman" in our modern vocabulary


近世悪女奇聞 / 綿谷雪
雷お新、高橋お伝、夜嵐お絹など 毒婦一七人 The life of seven Dokufu

- quote
"Poison Women" and Early Meiji Writing
The notion of "poison women," or dokufu, was a prevalent topic among common readers during the early Meiji period. While the term itself comes from mid- to late-Edo period dramatic writing ­ particularly the Kabuki theater ­ in this context it refers to a group of women convicted in the first decades of Meiji of vicious crimes ranging from fraud and extortion to murder.
Names such as 夜嵐お絹 Yoarashi O-Kinu, 原田お絹 Harada O-Kinu, 高橋お伝　Takahashi O-Den,
鳥追お松　"Torioi" O-Matsu, and 花井お梅.Hanai O-Ume came to be widely known and associated with women of low birth whose chief characteristics were their unbridled sexuality, violent tempers, and greed.
But the notoriety of the "poison women" was tempered by the fascination in which they were held by the public at large. This fascination was enhanced by a series of sensational stories that appeared in the popular press of the time. These stories were a mixture of factual reportage and fictional embellishment, and most (but not all) portrayed their criminal heroines in a negative light. At the same time, their depiction of the "poison women" as sexually promiscuous enhanced the attraction such women held for their male readershipin particular, making these stories instant bestsellers once they were converted to book form.
This panel will examine several critical aspects of the early Meiji female criminals and the stories told about them. Marie Söderberg discusses aspects of the early Meiji newspaper industry, and provides a general overview of the medium in which these stories were presented. Ulla Frisk examines the historical basis of the "poison women," delineating, where possible, fact from fiction. Eiko Norlander looks at the aesthetic, literary angle of the stories, particularly their structural similarity to Kabuki. Matthew Strecher wraps things up with a discussion of structure and genre, discussing the "poison woman" stories as hybrid fact/fiction, an early form of literary journalism, and an important forerunner to the serialized newspaper novel.

1) "A Comparison of Japanese and Swedish Newspapers at the End of the 19th Century"
2) "Poison Women, Tsuzukimono, and the Development of the Meiji Newspaper Novel"
3) "On the Strolling Shamisen Player Omatsu's Adventures ­ Kabuki Plays and the Novel"
4) "The Female Character in dokufu Novels in the Early Meiji Period"
- - - - - ASIAN STUDIES CONFERENCE JAPAN
- source : meijigakuin.ac.jp 2003


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Hanai O-Ume 花井お梅


source : ukiyoe-gallery.com
Hanai Oume Killing Kamekichi

- quote -
On a rainy summer night in 1887 a murder took place in one of Tokyo's entertainment districts. A geisha known as Hanai Oume stabbed her lover to death. Oume's open trial—shortly before the courts were opened to the general public for the first time—attracted widespread interest and caused a sensation.
This article focuses on the courtroom as a place of encounter between the law and the public. The public trials of the Meiji period are a good starting-point for describing the implementation of Western law in Japan. It thereby addresses the problem of the globalization of legal cultures in the 19th century, a topic which has been largely ignored in global history.
- Globalization of legal cultures in the 19th century. Criminal trials, gender, and the public in Meiji Japan
- source : Daniel Hedinger -


- reference -

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Harada O-Kinu 原田お絹 / Yoarashi O-Kinu 夜嵐お絹



source : ameblo.jp/naomireturn/entry

- quote -
Yoarashi Okinu 夜嵐 おきぬ, ca.1845 - March 28, 1872)
is the moniker of Harada Kinu (原田 きぬ), who was a Japanese female poisoner and geisha and lived from the end of the Edo era to the beginning of the Meiji era. Her nickname Yoarashi means night-storm in Japanese.
..... As she was beautiful, people in the Edo longed for her. She became a mistress of Ōkubo Tadayori (大久保忠順) in the capital Edo. He was the daimyo of the Karasuyama Domain in Shimotsuke Province, which was rated at thirty thousand koku. Ōkubo had a son, the successor to the Ōkubo family, by her. However, he hated her, and abandoned her in the Meiji Restoration.
She became a mistress of Kobayashi Kinpei .....
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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O-Miyo no Kata　お美代の方　Senkoin 専行院　
（1797 - 1872)
Concubine (sokushitsu) of 11th Shogun Tokugawa Ienari (1773 - 1841)
a maid-turned-adopted-daughter of a hatamoto

江戸幕府11代将軍徳川家斉の側室
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !


- quote -
Kagero Ezu - Film



..... To continue enjoying wealth and power even after he passes away, Ienari's concubine Omiyo no Kata (Nakamura Yuko), who has been in his favour for a long time despite his legal wife Tadako (Shiraishi Kayoko), desires to have her own grandson Maeda Inuchiyo installed as the next shogun. Making use of his right-hand man Mizuno Minonokami (Kinoshita Houka) and others, Omiyo no Kata's backer Nakano Sekio (Kunimura Jun) wheels and deals for the purpose of making Ienari write the directive that will determine the next shogun. .....
- source : jdramas.wordpress.com -

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Shirakoya O-Kuma 白子屋お熊
(1703 - 1727)

She used to wear Kimono of the striped red and yellow 黄八丈　Kihachijo pattern.
- source : kimono.or.jp -



..... her crime made her the heroine of ningyō jōruri puppet plays.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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Takahashi O-Den 高橋お伝



- quote -
Takahashi Oden (1848 – January 31, 1879)
was a female Japanese murderer known for killing a man, and being the last woman in Japan to be put to death by beheading.
She was also suspected of poisoning her husband.
The movie Dokufu Oden Takahashi is based on her life. Director Shōgorō Nishimura's Roman porno film Crimson Night Dream (紅夜夢 Koyamu) (1983) also depicts Takahashi.
- source : wikipedia -

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Torioi O-Matsu 鳥追お松


By Utagawa Kunisada III 歌川国貞三代

Her exact dates are not known, but she lived in Tokyo in the Meiji period. She was famous for her beauty.

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. Yaoya o-Shichi 八百屋お七 . 　
（1668 - 1683)



月岡芳年 Tsukioka Yoshitoshi （八百屋お七）
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !


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- - - - - H A I K U and S E N R Y U - - - - -

ひそみ立つ毒婦の墓や花山椒
hisomi tatsu dokufu no haka ya hana sanshoo

the lonely grave
of the poisonous woman -
mountain pepper blossoms
Tr. Gabi Greve

槫沼けい一 Kurenuma Kei-Ichi

. WKD : hana sanshoo 花山椒 flowers of mountain pepper .
- - kigo for late spring - -

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鬼灯や毒婦お伝の泣くような
hoozuki ya dokufu o-den no naku yoo na

these lampion flowers -
as if the poisonous woman O-Den
was crying

仁平勝 Nihira Masaru (1949 - )



. WKD : hoozuki 鬼燈 － 鬼灯 Chinese lantern plant .
- - kigo for autumn - -

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. Edo bakufu 江戸幕府 The Edo Government .

. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo　江戸の名所 .

. Doing Business in Edo - 商売　- Introduction .

. shokunin 職人 craftsman, craftsmen, artisan, Handwerker .

. senryu, senryū 川柳　Senryu poems in Edo .

. Japanese Architecture - Interior Design - The Japanese Home .

. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .


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Posted By Gabi Greve to Edo - the EDOPEDIA - on 6/02/2016 02:47:00 pm

MINGEI - zui un auspicious clouds

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zui-un moyo 瑞雲文様 auspicious cloud art motives
sai-un, saiun, sai un 彩雲 "colorful clouds"


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. kumo (un) 曇 cloud, clouds in Japanese Culture .
- Introduction -

Auspicious clouds were used as amulets to make sure the rain falls regularly
to sustain the growing of a good rice harvest.

. ame 雨 rain in Japanese Culture .
- Introduction -

. amagoi 雨乞 rain rituals .
- Introduction -

Yakumo (eight clouds) is another name for
cloud iridescence, zui-un 瑞雲 or sai-un 彩雲.

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source :　kamigata-ginka.
「八雲」は「弥雲」Yagumo
誉田屋源兵衛の帯展 Obi exhibition by Kondaya Genbei

. Yamanashi Folk Art - 山梨県　 .


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. ema 絵馬 votive tablets .



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source :　kumano.net

At the shrine Kumano Hayatama Taisha 熊野速玉大社 the head priest commissioned a large ema in 2004. The crow is made of silver and produces a divine golden shine (mihikari 神光) from its back, enlightening all around it.
The crow carries a brand of the sacred shrine tree (nagi no ki 梛の木 / 凪の木) . It is walking on auspicious red clouds, which appear on special situations (zui-un 瑞雲).
This votive tablet was offered with the wish for a better life of all mankind.

. Kumano Shrines Wakayama .


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. kimono 着物 robes and obi 帯 sash .

Robes of noble ladies were often lavishly decorated with these clouds, to make sure their Lord would get necessary rain in his domaine.



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- Details -





- source : blog.livedoor.jp/halibako -


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More art motives



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source : huuraiki.exblog.jp

楽焼鉢「瑞雲に桐鳳凰紋万年青鉢」　　

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- Legends about zui-un from the Prefectures

. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

................................................................................ Kanagawa
Kamakura 鎌倉市

A priest named Yuusoo 祐崇 Yuso (1426 - 1509) had walked all around the Eastern Regions and studied hard before coming to 光明寺 Komyo-ji as head priest, where he lectured about the sutras. When he got older he decided to recite the Nenbutsu prayer for 10 nights at the beginning of winter. But after the first day he felt ill and saw 瑞雲 a lot of auspicious clouds hovering around him. Now he knew he was about to die. So he corrected his position, sat straight, recited his last Nenbutsu and passed over to the next world.

................................................................................ Kyoto

Once upon a time a messenger from Korea was on his way to Kyoto. He came from Naniwa via the river 淀川 Yodogawa and looked out for the Imperial Palace far away in the North-East. There he felt a premonition and knew that on the Imperial Throne there would always be 天然の瑞雲 natural auspicious clouds.


................................................................................ Tokyo

. Ennin 円仁 Jigaku Daishi 慈覚大師 .

When Jigaku Daishi set out for a pilgrimage to the East he stayed first some time at 浅草寺 the Asakusa Temple. Once day an old man with white hair appeared and told him, that in the East there was 霊地 a sacred place where he should place a statue of himself. So he prepared a statue and set off to the East. Suddenly he saw auspicious clouds all in one place and then a 青竜 green dragon in the clouds.
So Ennin founded a temple here for the dragon. The dragon was happy about this and then his features dissolved again in the sky.
But from time to time there were 竜燈 dragon lights in the area now.

. ryuutoo 龍燈 / 竜燈 "dragon lantern" .
A phenomenon at the Ariakekai sea in Kagoshima, Kyushu, in the evening hours.
It is also seen in other parts of Japan as a light that the Dragon God sends out to honor the deities of Shinto and Buddhism in Japan.

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- source : nichibun yokai database -

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- H A I K U -

年あたらし瑞雲彫りし八雲琴
nen atarashi zui-un-borishi yagumogoto

a new year starts -
this Yagumogoto
with cloud pattern carvings

下田稔 Shimoda Minoru




yagumogoto, yagumo-goto 八雲琴 two-string zither

. koto 琴 Koto, Japanese zither .

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瑞雲の壁画の広間名刺受
千原草之

大玻璃の瑞雲見惚れ四月馬鹿
榛谷美枝子

丑年の牛に瑞雲の畑となる
阿部みどり女

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Zui-Un Kaku Cemetery 瑞雲閣
Nagoya 名古屋大須の万松寺
- source : banshoji.blog.fc2.com -


- - - - - 瑞雲寺 Zui-Un-Ji temples
金龍山 瑞雲寺
龍光山 瑞雲寺
羽黒山 瑞雲寺
醫王山 瑞雲寺
- reference -

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Plate by Imaizumi Imaemon 13th -
十三代 今泉今右衛門 染錦 somenishiki 瑞雲模様 zui-un moyo
- source: yahoo auctions -

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. Join the MINGEI group on facebook ! .  


. karakusa 唐草　/ からくさ　Karakusa art motives .
Some look quite similar to the rain cloud patterns.


. Regional Folk Toys from Japan .

. Japan - Shrines and Temples .


. Tohoku after the BIG earthquake March 11, 2011

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- #zuiun #zui-un #auspiciousclouds -
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Posted By Gabi Greve to Omamori - Japanese Amulets on 6/04/2016 09:36:00 am