ONI- oni no karada body features

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. Onipedia - 鬼ペディア　- Oni Demons - ABC-List - .
- - - - - oni no ha - teeth of an Oni - see below - - - - -
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oni no karada 鬼の体 body features of an Oni Demon
oni no shintai　鬼の身体 - oni no sugata　鬼の姿　
Oni are born out of the imagination of human beings - they have the physical characteristics of things humans fear, mostly in animals.
Their appearance changed during the long history of Japan, from the Heian period to our present popular Setsubun-Oni.

- quote -
Depictions of oni vary widely but usually portray them as hideous, gigantic ogre-like creatures with sharp claws, wild hair, and two long horns growing from their heads. They are humanoid for the most part, but occasionally, they are shown with unnatural features such as odd numbers of eyes or extra fingers and toes. Their skin may be any number of colors, but red and blue are particularly common.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !




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- 頭　Head -

kao 顔　face
often square and quite large.

kami 髪 hair
Growing like weeds, like yomogi 蓬 mugwort,



. tsuno　鬼の角　the horns of Oni demons .
some have two, some have one and some have no horns

. me　鬼の目, 鬼の眼 / medama 鬼の目玉 eyes of an Oni .
mitsume no oni 三つ目の鬼 Demon with three eyes

kuchi 口 mouth
Sometimes as wide as to both ears. Some Oni have no mouth.

shita 舌 tongue
Like a fiery flame.

ha 鬼の歯 oni no ha, teeth of an oni / kiba 牙 fangs - see below



- hand and feet -



te 手　- yubi to tsume hands - fingers and nails
Nails are like swords and quite long.

ashi 足　- yubi to tsume feet - toes and nails
Some have four or three toes. Like those of birds, with long nails.




takasa 背の高さ body height - about as high as a castle gate


. hone　鬼の骨 the bones of Oni demons .
- including atama　頭 scull (head)

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. kanaboo, kanabō 鬼に金棒 Kanabo, the iron club of an Oni .
- Oni ni kanabo


. oni no koshimaki 鬼の腰巻 - oni no fundoshi 鬼の褌
oni no pantsu 鬼のパンツ pants of an oni - loincloth .
- tiger pants - 虎柄のパンツ


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oni no miira　鬼のミイラ mummy of an Oni


At the temple 勝福寺 Shofuku-Ji in 大阪 Osaka, there is a mummy of an oni. It has two horns, three fingers and three toes.



四日市 - 十宝山大乗院 Yokkaichi, Daijo-In, Kyushu
- reference -


and more in other temples of Japan - tba
. . . CLICK here for more Photos !


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ha, oni no ha 鬼の歯 teeth of an oni / kiba 牙 fangs



Some Oni show fangs upward, some downward, some have one fang up and one fang down.
Many masks also have a closed mouth.

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Emori えもり瀬兵衛 （せへえ） Emori Seei
Emori was able to buy something special. He got a tooth from a person living in 八丈島 Hachiojima, where the original inhabitants were said to be Oni.
The tooth was about 3 cm long and 6 cm wide.

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When a child looses an upper tooth, it has to throw it under the veranda and chant
nezumi no ha to tokkaero 鼠の歯ととっかえろ Change this into the tooth of a mouse.
When it looses a lower tooth, it has to throw in on the roof and chant
oni no ha to tokkaero 鬼の歯ととっかえろ Change this into the tooth of an Oni.
Thus the new tooth will grow strong and healthy.


................................................................................. Fukushima 福島県

If a child looses a tooth, it has to throw it under the veranda or on the roof and chant:
オレの歯は先生えろ、鬼の歯は後生えろ Let my tooth grow first. Let the tooth of an Oni grow later.


................................................................................. Hyogo 兵庫県

Sutten Doji 酒顛童子 / スッテンドウジ Shuten Doji
Shuten Doji was beheaded by Minamoto Yorimitsu and his head flew up into the sky. Then it came down and landed on the helmet of Yorimitsu. With his strong teeth of an Oni it started to bite off the layers of the helmet and almost succeeded, leaving just one layer before it was chased away.

. Shuten Dooji 酒呑童子 Shuten Doji "Sake Child" Demon .
Shuten Dōji 酒顛童子, 酒天童子, 朱点童子 Saka Doji


................................................................................. Iwate 岩手県
気仙郡 Kesen district

When Sakanoue no Tamuramaro drove out the demon of this region, the teeth of this Oni were left over.
The boss of the native 蝦夷 Emishi group was called 赤頭 Akagashira.


赤頭 Head of Akagashira

and his oni no kiba 鬼の牙 demon teeth


Tamuramaro built a grave for Akagashira and offered a statue of Kannon Bosatsu to appease his soul. This is now at the temple 竜福山・長谷寺 Hasedera.
When they dug out the grave in 1704, they found 33 teeth in the skull of this Akagashira Oni.
ケセンの鬼の国 Kesen is the land of the Oni.

. Sakanoue no Tamuramaro 坂上田村麻呂 (758 - 811) .


................................................................................. Nagano 長野県
小県郡 Chiisagata district

The story about the onishi 鬼石 Oni Stone in 東内村 Higashi-Uchimura.

. onishi 鬼石 Oni Stone - places in Japan .


................................................................................. Tochigi 栃木県
宇都宮市 Utsunomiya city

If a child looses a tooth, it has to throw it under the veranda or on the roof and chant:
鬼の歯より私の歯のほうが先に生えろ Let my tooth grow before the one of the Oni.


................................................................................. Tokushima 徳島県
鳴門市 Naruto city 北灘 Kitanada / 撫養町 Muyacho

The local Oni heard to Buddhist lectures of Saint Honen, abdicated his bad ways, wrote a Buddhist name on his horns and threw his body down a cliff.
To appease his soul, the temple 鬼骨寺 Kikotsu-Ji "Temple of Demon Bones" was built.
The temple 法泉寺 Hosen-Ji venerates his myoogo 名号 Myogo, Buddhist name, the horns 鬼角.
The temple 西福寺 Saijuku-Ji venerates 鬼の歯 his teeth.

. Kikotsuji 鬼骨寺 Kikotsu-Ji "Temple of Demon Bones" .

. Hoonen 法然上人 Saint Honen (1133 - 1212) .
Founder of Pure Land Buddhism


................................................................................. Yamanashi 山梨県

If people loose a tooth, they chant
鬼の歯と取り替えてくれ Let the new one become a tooth of an Oni.

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山梨県河内地方 Kawachi district

Food called "oni no ha"
On the last day of the year people prepare cooked rice with barley, called oni no ha 鬼の歯.

. mugimeshi 麦飯 rice with barley .

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- reference : Nichibun Yokai Database -

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楓林に落せし鬼の歯なるべし
fuurin ni otoseshi oni no ha naru beshi

in the maple forest
they fall down and become
teeth of an Oni

. 高浜虚子 Takahama Kyoshi .
(1874 - 1959)




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- - - - - 鬼歯（おにば） oniba - types of human teeth and tools - - - - -

牙のように生えた歯。→八重歯 double tooth
通常より多く生えた歯。→過剰歯 hyperdontia
出生時に既に生えている歯。→先天歯 congenital tooth

籾を落とすのに使われる農具の一種。→鬼歯 (農具) a farm tool
鋸の最先端に位置する鋸歯。鬼を引き裂くように強い歯という意味に由来するともいう。part of a saw
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !



鬼歯 (農具) a farm tool for hulling rice



鬼切歯 onikiriba - part of a saw for forest workers
In former times, the first tooth of the forest saw was added as a kind of amulet to prevent bad things from happening in the forest.


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鬼の姿
- reference source : fushigi-chikara.jp/sonota -

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. Onipedia - 鬼ペディア　- Oni Demons - ABC-List - .

. Tengu 天狗と伝説 Tengu legends "Long-nosed Goblin" .

. - yookai, yōkai 妖怪 Yokai monsters - .

. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

. Mingei 民芸　Regional Folk Art from Japan .

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Posted By Gabi Greve to Kappa - The Kappapedia on 9/10/2017 11:08:00 am

HEIAN - Jishin no Ran Tenmu Tenno

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. ABC List of Heian Contents .
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Jishin no Ran 壬申の乱 Jishin war
civil war, "War of the Year of the Monkey", Jinshin rebellion
and 天武天皇 Emperor Tenmu Tenno



- quote -
a succession dispute in Japan which broke out in 672 following the death of 天智天皇 Emperor Tenji.
The name refers to the jinshin (壬申) or ninth year of the sixty-year Jikkan Jūnishi calendrical cycle, corresponding to the Western year 673.
Tenji had originally designated his brother, 大海人皇子 Prince Ōama, as his successor, but later changed his mind in favor of his son, 大友皇子 Prince Ōtomo / 大伴 Otomo. In the course of the violence that erupted as a result of factional rivalries, Ōtomo, having taken the throne as Emperor, took his own life after reigning for less than a year.
His uncle Ōama then succeeded to the throne as the Emperor Tenmu.
- Background -
Emperor Tenji ascended to the throne and set up a capital at Ōmi-Ōtsu (currently Ōtsu city, Shiga Prefecture). He made his best efforts for the foundation of a strong country, imitating the Tang Dynasty in China, importing the Tangs' culture, architecture and political systems. Japan had to pretend to have as much power as Tang because if Japan were regarded as weak, it was feared that the Tang might invade and conquer the country.

The next thing Tenji needed to do was to secure his successor. His Empress-consort was Yamato-hime but there were no children between the two. He had to find the right man from the sons of non-Imperial wives. Prince Takeru was the first son but he was mute by nature and died when he was seven years old. Prince Ōtomo was the next prince of the Emperor. He was a hard worker, and was very clever and intellectual. He had enough ability to be the next Emperor.

Although Ōtomo was almost perfect, his mother was of low birth. She was from the rural area landlord's family and was not Imperial-Household-born. This was a great disadvantage in considering Ōtomo to ascend to the throne.

At the same time, a younger brother of the Emperor Tenji's was as excellent as Ōtomo. He, Prince Ōama, had almost the same fitness as the Emperor, except that he was younger. His reputation was much greater than Ōtomo because he was of higher birth and was more suitable to be the next Emperor.
This was a major cause of the trouble to come.
In 670, the Emperor Tenji got sick. He realized that he couldn't live long, and he wished that, after his death, the Imperial Dynasty would pass to his son, Prince Ōtomo. Because Ōtomo's greatest rival was Ōama, the Emperor attempted to drive Ōama away. He invited the prince to his bedroom and asked if Ōama had an intention to take the throne.
If Ōama answered yes, the Emperor would have arrested and punished him as a traitor. Prince Ōama was clever enough to know his trick and answered that he had no will to succeed the throne and he wanted Ōtomo to be the next Emperor. He added that he wanted to be a monk instead of inheriting the throne and would retire to a temple in Yoshino. Because there were no reasons to punish Ōama any longer, the Emperor accepted the prince's proposal. Ōama went down to Yoshino the next day and became a monk.

The Emperor declared that Ōtomo was the next Emperor. Ōtomo summoned six subjects to the Emperor's bedroom and made them swear to help him in front of the Emperor. The Emperor nodded, and several days later he died.
.....
Prince Ōama pretended to be a monk at the temple in Yoshino, but he was looking for a chance to rise a rebellion against Ōtomo and to drive him away. He secretly collected weapons and soldiers to prepare for the coup-d'etat. In the seventh month of 672, he departed Yoshino and headed for the Palace in Ōtsu where the new Emperor Ōtomo was.
- The War
- Events in the War
- References
- MORE in the Wikipedia -



Prince Oama later became 天武天皇 Emperor Tenmu Tenno.

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Ooama no Ooji, Ōama no ōji 大海人皇子 Prince Oama - 天武天皇 Tenmu Tenno
(c. 631-686)



Tenmu - the 40th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession.
Tenmu's reign lasted from 673 until his death in 686.
Emperor Tenmu is the first monarch of Japan, to whom the title Tennō (Emperor of Japan) was assigned contemporaneously — not only by later generations.
Tenmu had many children, including his crown prince Kusakabe.
..... In 671 Tenmu felt himself to be in danger and volunteered to resign the office of crown prince to become a monk. He moved to the mountains in Yoshino, Yamato Province (now Yoshino, Nara), officially for reasons of seclusion.



..... Tenmu assembled an army and marched from Yoshino to the east, to attack the capital of Omikyō in a counterclockwise movement. He left Yoshino with about 30 soldiers, but at the end of his march there were 30000. They marched through Yamato, Iga and Mino Provinces to threaten Omikyō in the adjacent province.
The army of Tenmu and the army of the young Emperor Kōbun fought in the northwestern part of Mino (nowadays Sekigahara, Gifu). Tenmu's army won and Kōbun committed suicide, an incident known as the Jinshin War.
..... As might be expected, Emperor Tenmu was no less active than former-Emperor Tenji in improving the Taika military institutions. Tenmu's reign brought many changes, such as:
(1) a centralized war department was organized;
(2) the defenses of the Inner Country near the Capital were strengthened;
(3) forts and castles were built near Capital and in the western parts of Honshū—and in Kyushu;
(4) troops were reviewed; and all provincial governors were ordered to complete the collection of arms and to study tactics.
..... In 675 Emperor Tenmu banned the consumption of animal meat (horse, cattle, dogs, monkeys, birds), due to the influence of Buddhism.
..... Emperor Tenmu commissioned the "Kojiki" to be the official history of Japan in order to help strengthen imperial rule. It was completed in 712 and the "Nihon Shoki" ("Chronicles of Japan"), another manuscript of myths and legends was compiled in 720.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !




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. Japanese Legends - 伝説　民話　昔話 – ABC-List .

enoki 榎木 nettletree, Chinese hackberry tree
In the historical record of the Heike, 源平盛衰記 Heike Seisui-Ki, there is a story about Minamoto no Yoritomo (1147 - 1198). After loosing the battle of 石橋山 Ishibashiyama he hid in the hollow of a nettletree to avoid further harm.
When Tenmu Tenno was hiding from 大伴皇子 Prince Otomo, he also hid in the hollow of a nettletree.

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Osaka 大阪府

atori no kai 獦子鳥怪 / アトリ the monstrous Atori birds cloud
Atori belong to the family of sparrows.



In the 7th year of the reign of Tenmu Tenno a huge flog of these birds cluttered the sky. They even flow up to 摂津国天満 Tenman in Settsu and this bird storm lasted for three, four days.


kanro 甘露 "honey dew"
In the 7th year of the reign of Tenmu Tenno in winter, something like a piece of white cotton came floating down from the sky. It was about 180 cm long and 22 cm wide. Blown by the wind it landed in a pine tree forest. This was named Kanro.



春すぎて 夏来にけらし 白妙（しろたへ）の 衣ほすてふ 天の香具山
haru sugite natsu ki ni kerashi shiro-tahe no koromo hosutefu ama no kaguyama

Spring has passed, and / summer has arrived, it seems.
Heavenly Mount Kagu
Where it is said, they dry robes / of the whitest mulberry!
Tr. Ewa Machotka

Poem by Jitō Tennō 持統天皇 Empress Jito (645 – 703)
She was the wife of Emperor Tenmu,

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Yoshino 吉野 - Nara　奈良県

tennyo 天女 the Heavenly Maiden
Once Tenmu Tenno played the 琴 Koto near a waterfall in Yoshino. On the cliff opposite the river something strange like a colorful cloud appeared. Looking closer it had the form of 天女 a heavenly maiden, clad in traditional layered robes, performing a ritual dance.


This is the beginning of the ritual gosetchi no maihime 五節の舞姫 Gosechi no Mai .
This imperial dance is performed to our day, even in Kabuki.


- more photos source : deep.wakuwaku-nara.com/kiyomi -

吉野川 - 天皇淵 Yoshinogawa Tenno-Buchi Tenno Riverpool at river Yoshinogawa
Nearby is the shrine 浄見原神社 Kiyomihara Jinja.

Tenmu Tenno was quite taken by the dance of the Heavenly Maiden. He composed a poem:
おとめ子が乙女さびしもからたまを袂にまきておとめさびしも


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- - - - - How the village Totsukawa got its name:
At the time when Tenmu Tenno 天武天皇 was still a prince called 大海人皇子 Oama no Miko and was hiding in Yoshino, he looked all the way South and sighed in grief:
「とほつかは」 tootsuka wa

. Totsukawa 十津川と伝説 Legends about Totsukawa village .

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- reference : Nichibun Yokai Database -

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- Reference in Japanese 壬申の乱 -
- Reference in English - jishin no ran -

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. Legends - Heian Period (794 to 1185) - Introduction .

. Japanese legends and tales 伝説　民話　昔話 - Introduction .

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Posted By Gabi Greve to Heian Period Japan on 9/10/2017 09:13:00 am

ONI - aooni blue green demon

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. Onipedia - 鬼ペディア　- Oni Demons - ABC-List - .
. akaoni, aka-oni 赤鬼 Red Oni Demon .
- - - - - for kuro-oni 黒鬼 black demon see below
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aooni, ao-oni 青鬼伝説　Blue or Green Oni Demon Legends



Together with his companion, the akaoni, aka oni 赤鬼 Red Oni, he takes part in the Setsubun rituals.

. setsubun 節分 / せつぶん the Seasonal Divide .
February 3, the day before the beginning of spring (risshun 立春) according to the Asian lunar calendar.
The Setsubun Ao-oni is usually blue.

aoi 青い can be translated as blue or green . . .
. blue and green in translation for 青 .
aozora 青空 blue sky / aoringo 蒼りんご green apple




. Aoni shuuraku 青鬼集落 "Green Demon" Aoni village, Nagano .
Aoni Hokujō, Hakuba-mura, Kitaazumi-gun -青鬼神社　Aoni Jinja （Aooni Jinja )
善鬼大明神 Zenki Daimyojin （御善鬼様 O-Zenki Sama) - The Benevolent Demon
O-Zenki no Yakata お善鬼の館 Mansion of Zenki - Museum


Most legends involve both the red and the blue Oni, so they will be featured here:
. akaoni, aka-oni 赤鬼 Red Oni Demon .


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. Japanese Legends - 伝説　民話　昔話 – ABC-List .

............................................................................ Akita 秋田県
仙北市 Senboku, Semboku city

akai hi 赤い火 red flames
If someone passed the graveyard after sunset, there were red flames hopping around to be seen.
Two or three blue Oni spit fire and ate it again, amusing themselves with the red flames.
When a brave samurai went there to check out the real reason, there were some beggars sitting on the ground, sticking burning leaves of local potatoes in their nose and blow them out.


............................................................................ Hokkaido 北海道
函館市 Hakodate

oni ningyoo 鬼人形 demon dolls
A craftsman with special skills made a carving of 酒顛童子 Shuten Doji for the festival float, with a red and blue demon at its side.
But the wandering souls of a young couple that had committed suicide in dispair begun to stick to the float.
鬼人形 demon dolls of the two were made and hung outside to make their spirits go away.

. The Demon Shuten dōji 酒呑童子 Shuten Doji .


............................................................................ Nara 奈良県

. the Demons Zenki 前鬼 and Goki 後鬼 .
the husband Zenki 前鬼 and his wife Goki 後鬼, servants of En-no-Gyôja 役行者 En no Gyoja.
They take part in oni no gyooretsu 鬼の行列 a Demon parade during the festival in honor of En no Gyoja.
Apart from Zenki and Goki, many red and blue demons march along on August 3rd.



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- reference : nichibun yokai database 妖怪データベース -

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kuro-oni, kurooni 黒鬼伝説 black Oni demon Legends


............................................................................ Aomori 青森県

. oniko, oni-ko 津軽の鬼子 Tsugaru　.
kuro-oni no men 黒鬼の面 mask of black Oni
赤倉山神社 Akakurayama Jinja （百沢東岩木山1-39）Hyakuzawa Higashiiwakisan


source : yukitomanager.blog.jp/archives...



............................................................................ Chiba 千葉県

. onibabari 鬼払い driving out the demons, Setsubun .
with a red, blue and black demon


............................................................................ Fukushima 福島県
大笹生 （おおざそう） Oozaso distsrict

大笹生の黒鬼伝説 Black Oni legend from Ozaso
In the North-West of Fukushima city there is a mountain plateau called Ozaso.
Once upon a long long LONG time, there lived a black Oni.
He often came down from his mountain to eat villagers and travelers and cause a lot of trouble as 人食い鬼 a man-eating Oni.
Even the priest from a local temple was eventually eaten by the Oni.
Then one day a traveling monk came to stay in the village and heard the story. The villagers asked him to drive out the Oni, but first he refused, because he had no trust in his power to do so.
The villagers talked to him again and made him hold a memorial service for all the perished souls.
As things go, the monk stayed at the temple and became its priest after all.

One night as he slept, Dainichi Nyorai appeared at his pillow and taught him how to get rid of the man-eating Oni:

「修行者よ、黒鬼の心を静める方法を教えますからよく聞きなさい。
ここより西南、土湯の山奥、仁田沼のほとりに大きなトチの樹があります。
根元に落ちている実を広い、それで団子を三個作りなさい。
- - - - - the long story continues here :
- reference source : blogs.yahoo.co.jp/okotanjp... -


............................................................................ Kagoshima 鹿児島県

園山の由来考察と黒鬼伝説 Sonoyama and the legend of Kuro-Oni
黒神さまは文化財 Kurokamisama - 腹五社神社 Haragosha Shrine 黒神埋没鳥居 Torii gate of the shrine

Haragosha Shrine shrine was built in the new village of the people of the Kurokami Area after they resettled following a large eruption in the Edo Period (the Annei Eruption).
The god from the shrine of their old home is enshrined here.
... This three meter-high stone torii has been buried in volcanic lava and ash since the eruption of Sakurajima in 1914, leaving just its head peeking out. It was actually completely covered but builders discovered it while doing excavation work in the process of building a school in the area. The village mayor took the decision to leave it partially buried in remembrance of the devastating eruption.
- reference -



- reference -


............................................................................ Kyoto 京都

At the temple 廬山寺 Rozan-Ji in Kyoto, there are Oni of three colors.
The red Oni symbolizes greed, the green Oni anger and the black Oni stupidity.
They are the three most important bonnoo 煩悩 earthly desires



- - - - - More photos are here :
- reference source : .. allabout.co.jp/fashion/colorcoordinate/... -




. bonnoo 煩悩 worldly desires, illusions .
貪　＝　むさぼり, greed
瞋　＝　いかり, anger
癡　＝　おろかさ, stupidity

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死にかけた子が黒鬼の絵を画いた
shi ni kaketa ko ga kuro-oni no e o kaita

struggling with death
the child painted
a black demon

八木三日女 Yagi Mikajo (1924 - 2014)

. Oni to Haiku 鬼と俳句　Haiku with Demons .

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. - - - Join the Onipedia friends on facebook ! - - - .

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. Onipedia - 鬼ペディア　- Oni Demons - ABC-List - .

. akaoni, aka-oni 赤鬼 Red Oni Demon .

. Tengu 天狗と伝説 Tengu legends "Long-nosed Goblin" .

. - yookai, yōkai 妖怪 Yokai monsters - .

. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

. Mingei 民芸　Regional Folk Art from Japan .

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- #aooni #bluedemon #greendemon #blackdemon #kurooni -
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Posted By Gabi Greve to Kappa - The Kappapedia on 8/31/2017 02:11:00 pm

HEIAN - kitsune fox kuyo legends

- BACK to the Daruma Museum -
. Japanese legends and tales 伝説　民話 昔話 - Introduction .
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kitsune kuyoo 狐供養と伝説 Legends about Fox memorial service

. kitsune densetsu 狐　伝説 fox legends .
- Introduction -




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- - - - - ABC List of the prefectures :

.......................................................................... Aichi 愛知県
南設楽郡 Minami-Shitara district 長篠村 Nagashino

A fox welcomet the dead souls at the graveyard and asked them if the 供養 memorial service at their family was done well enough.
If they were content with their family offerings, the fox got angry, pooped on the ground and run off.
If they were unhappy with their family offerings and asked the fox to curse them, the fox was happy and went off to bewitch a family member.


.......................................................................... Aomori 青森県
北津軽郡 Kita-Tsugaru district

tanuki to kitsune 狸，狐 badger and fox
In the mountain behind 地蔵堂 the Jizo Hall there was another small hall with a few small stone statues.
People called this 賽の河原 Sai no Kawara, the Children's Limbo, waiting to go to the other world after death.
Before the Jizo Hall was built, a fox or a Tanuki roamed there and swindled people who wanted to pass. If this happened, such a person would soon die.
To appease their soul and hold 供養 memorial services for them, the Jizo Hall was erected.

. Jizo and Sai no Kawara 賽の河原 .
The Sai no Kawara at 恐山 Mount Osorezan in Aomori is especially famous.


.......................................................................... Fukushima 福島県
福島市 Fukushima city 飯坂町 Iizaka

This story was told at the end of the Edo period.
When the ancestors of the 安斎氏 Anzai family experienced a difficult birth, a fox appeared and died in front of their home. When they asked a shaman about the meaning of this, they were told that this fox was a messenger of the famous Fushimi Inari from Kyoto. The fox had carried the curse for a difficult birth.
Therefore they erected a small sanctuary and held a memorial service for the fox.
This is the 御仁稲荷 Gojin Inari.

. Fushimi Inari Taisha 伏見稲荷大社 - Kyoto .


.......................................................................... Kanagawa 神奈川県
横浜市 Yokohama 生麦村 Namamugi

daija 大蛇 huge serpent
Once upon a time, some few hundred years ago
a man from Namamugi village broke the promise to his dead wife and married again.
The jealous wife turned into a huge serpent, appeared in the local pond and attacked the man. He apologized to the soul of his dead wife and held a memorial service for her.
A few years later, an epidemic broke out in the village and many died. Some people saw a dream about a fox barking and running in front of 稲荷神社 the Inari Shrine or a huge serpent carrying a dead body from the Inari shrine to the sea.
The people followed the advice of a shaman, made a serpent of straw and purified it in a memorial service, then carried it around each home to appease the souls of the husband (fox) and his wife (serpent).


.......................................................................... Shiga 滋賀県
蒲生町 Gamo town

A fox shape-shifted into 地蔵 Jizo Bosatsu and did not let people pass the road.
People thought this was the curse of a fox and held a memorial service for the fox at the local 稲荷神社 Inari Shrine during the 地蔵盆 Jizo Bon rituals for the ancestors.
They made a special statue of Jizo, now called
bake-Jizoo 化け地蔵 Bake-Jizo, the Monster-Jizo.

. Bake-Jizo　化け地蔵　/ 化地蔵 Jizo as a yokai monster .

. Jizoo Bon 地蔵盆 Jizobon, Jizo Bon .
ancestor ritual on August 24, mostly in Western Japan.


.......................................................................... Tochigi 栃木県
上都賀郡 Kami-Tsuga district

kyuubi no kitsune 九尾の狐 a fox with nine tails
A favorite dish of the Tochigi region is shimotsukare シモツカレ.
Shimotsukare is usually made by simmering vegetables, soybeans, abura-age (あぶらあげ or deep fried tofu skins, a favorite of foxes) and sake kasu (酒粕, literally rice pulp from fermented sake). Common additional ingredients include grated raw radish and carrots.



- - - - - Once upon a time
there lived a fox with nine tails at 殺生岩 Sesshoseki who caused a lot of trouble. The villagers killed it after luring it with this dish of Shimotsukare.
To appease the soul of the fox this dish is now prepared in a memorial service on hatsu-u-no hi (初午の日, literally; first day of horse in the month of February) together with sekihan ritual red rice as an offering to appease the legendary fox deity, Inari-no-shin (稲荷の神) Inari no Kami.

- Matsuo Basho visiting Sesshoseki - Oku no Hosomichi　-
. - - Station 9 - Sesshoseki 殺生岩 - - - .
The fox is the spirit of Tamamo no Mae 玉藻前 - Tamamo Gozen 玉藻御前


. Dishes from Tochigi - しもつかれ shimotsukare .

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- reference : nichibun yokai database 妖怪データベース -

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. Legends about Kobo Daishi Kukai - 弘法大師　空海 - 伝説 .

. Japanese legends and tales 伝説　民話　昔話 - Introduction .

- Yookai 妖怪 Yokai Monsters of Japan -
- Introduction -

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- #kitsunekuyo #kuyokitsune #foxlegends -
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Posted By Gabi Greve to Heian Period Japan on 9/04/2017 12:51:00 pm

HEIAN - unagi eel legends

- BACK to the Daruma Museum -
. Japanese legends and tales 伝説　民話 昔話 - Introduction .
. Legends about Animals 動物と伝説 .
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unagi うなぎ /　鰻 と伝説 Legends about the eel


Utagawa Kuniyoshi 歌川国芳

. unagi, 鰻 / うなぎ, eel, Aal - Anguilla japonica .
- Introduction -

It was customary to eat kabayaki 蒲焼 broiled eel on the special unagi no hi 鰻の日 Unagi Eel Day,
the day of doyoo 土用 Doyo in summer, to gain strength in the great heat.

. anago 穴子 / アナゴ / 海鰻 conger eel - Congridae family.

. hamo 鱧 pike conger eel - Muraenesox cinereus .


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- - - - - ABC List of the prefectures :

.......................................................................... Fukushima 福島県 ......................................
双葉郡 Futaba district 浪江町 Namie

One of the nana fushigi 七不思議 seven wonders of Namie is a 白ウナギ　/ 白鰻驪 　white eel.
蓮華院安楽坊には境内に、白鰻驪　、人を咬まない蝮、蛭、粟を食べない雀、3本足の雉、刈ったところから葉が出る杉、いつも実をつける茱の七不思議がある。




.......................................................................... Gifu 岐阜県 ......................................
郡上市の美並地区の粥川地区 Gujo, Minamimura, Kayugawa (Kaigawa)

unagi to oni 鰻 the Eel and yooki 妖鬼 the Monster Demon
Why the people of this area do not eat eel in Summer.


- Once upon a time
at mount 瓢ヶ岳 Fukubegatake (1,162m) there lived an oni 鬼 demon. Sometimes he came down the river 粥川 Kayugawa and caused great distress to the people living there, sometimes killing and eating them.
On orders of the Emperor the brave 藤原高光 Fujiwara no Takamitsu (c. 939 - 994) came here to drive out the Oni. But the Oni used his ability to become invisible and could not be found easily.
Takamitsu built four small shrines on mount Fukubegatake and 高賀山 mount Kogasan and prayed for help to 空蔵菩薩 Kokuzo Bosatsu. The deity granted him an arrow with pure white feathers.
Then 白鰻 one white eel appeared in the river and moved around as if he wanted to show the way to Takemitsu. Takamitsu followed the eel and found the Oni. With his strong bow and arrow he killed him with one shot.
After this, Takamitsu left his bow at the shrine Hoshinomiya Jinja 星宮神社, and the arrow at the side of the waterfall, which was then called
矢納ヶ淵 Yatogafuchi "the riverpool where the arrow was offered to the Gods".
From this time on, the villagers living along the river saw the eel as a messenger of the Deity and never ate a bite of eel.


Now there live a lot of eel happily in this "eel paradise".
They are protected as a 国の天然記念物 natural monument.


- 星宮神社 Hoshinomiya Jinja -
岐阜県郡上市美並町高砂1252 / 1252 Minamichō Takasago, Gujō-shi, Gifu


- 念興寺 Nenko-Ji -
郡上市和良町沢897 / 897 Warachōsawa, Gujō-shi, Gifu



Another version of the legend tells of Takamitsu cutting off the head of the Oni and when he washed his bloody sword in the river Kayugawa, it turned into an eel. The head of the Oni was taken to the temple Nenkooji 念興寺 Nenko-Ji by the villager 粥川太郎右衛門 Kayugawa Taroemon.
It is not shown any more, since if it were to come out, the weather would turn wild with storm and rain.)

- reference : Fujiwara no Takamitsu -
waka poet and Japanese nobleman.


.......................................................................... Gunma 群馬県 ......................................
安中市 Annaka

弘法大師 Kobo Daishi
At 東横野字上間仁田 Higashiyokono Kamimanita is a bridge called 鰻橋 Unagibashi, where fishing is not done.

Once when Kobo Daishi tried to cross a river here, he was in great difficulty and a huge eel made a bridge
to walk over and thus help him cross the river.
To express his gratitude, Kukai Kobo Daishi stomped his walking staff into the ground near the spot
and made a well which never got dry.




- and one more Kobo Daishi legend from 広島県 Hiroshima, Toyomatsu 豊松町

When Kobo Daishi tried to drink water from the river, a lot of eels were swimming around and made the water dirty. So he banned the eels from living in this spot, to teach them a lesson not to disturb thirsty travelers.

. Legends about Kobo Daishi Kukai - 弘法大師　空海 - 伝説 .


.......................................................................... Kagawa 香川県 ......................................
羽方(現高瀬町) Takase Hagawa

unagibuchi ryuuoo 鰻淵龍王 the Dragon King of the Eel Pool
is venerated on a rock with a shimenawa 注連縄 sacred rope around it.
There live 黒鰻 black eels and 白鰻 white eels.
If people saw a black eel, it would rain. If they saw a white eel, it would shine.. Many people came to find out about the rain in their region.

There are various places in Japan called - reference : うなぎ淵 unagibuchi -


.......................................................................... Kagoshima 鹿児島県 ......................................

昔々、娘を3人持った寡婦がいた。大水で帰れなくなった母親を鬼が助けるかわりに、娘をくれと言ってきた。末娘が嫁に行くことになったが、鬼は急流に流されて娘は助かった。その後、娘はアジガナシの妻となって華やかな生活を送ったが、嫉妬した姉に殺され、鰻になった後、夫に食べられてしまった。


.......................................................................... Miyagi 宮城県 ......................................
刈田郡 Katta district 蔵王町 Zao

不動滝の大鰻，三階滝の大蟹 waterfalls with Huge Eeel
不動滝のヌシの大鰻と、三階滝の大蟹の合戦。大鰻は美女に化けて遠刈田の籠山の猟師に加勢を頼んだが、臆病な猟師は約束を破って鰻が負け、澄川は七日間血に染まる。


.......................................................................... Okayama 岡山県 ......................................

Once upon a time
an old farmer wanted to prepare an eel for the Doyo no Hi in summer, but the eel escaped. The farmer ran after him, but the eel escaped and climbed up to 天道 Mount Tendo.
Up there was a great house where 大鬼 a huge demon lived. When the wife of the demon used her flint stone to make fire, there was lightning in the sky. When the demon hit his drum, there was a great rumbling in the sky. The Oni gave the farmer a small pot with water. When he spilled just a little of water, there would be 夕立 an evening shower.


.......................................................................... Saitama 埼玉県 ......................................

. oo unagi 大鰻 the big eel causing earthquakes .



.......................................................................... Shizuoka 静岡県 ......................................

. Norota eel ノロタ（海鰻 umi-unagi) and Tsunami .
Muraenesox cinereus, also called anago アナゴ.

.......................................................................　
庵原郡 Ibara district　 両河内村 Ryogouchimura

aka unagi 赤鰻 red eel
In the middle of the river 興津川 Okitsugawa was a huge meotoiwa 夫婦岩 "Rock for a Married Couple".
If water accumulated in one of the holes, this was a sign of bad fortune.
People said a red eel lived there.


.......................................................................... Wakayama 和歌山県 ......................................
有田郡 Arita district 清水町 Shimizu

shirounagi, shiro-unagi 白鰻 white eel
Once upon a time, maybe 400 years ago
a young girl and a young man were travellilng together. But one night the young man disappeared. The young woman got crazy with worry and walked around looking for him. Eventually she threw herself in the pool of a waterfall and died. From that time on in the waterfall pool there lived a female and a male white eel.
People thought the young woman must have been pregnant and given birth to a male baby boy.
In the spooky hours of the night, sometimes a green-blue flame can be seen hovering over the water and the voice of a crying baby is heard.


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- reference : nichibun yokai database 妖怪データベース -
17 うなぎ (00)
99 鰻 (00) (00) 滝のヌシ / 淵の主 / 沼の主
76 ウナギ (00)
14 鰻 蛇 (00) serpent
7 鰻 龍 (00) dragon
6 鰻鱺 manrei (00)
05 鰻 蜘蛛 (00) spider
4 鰻 蟹 (00) crab
- - - - unagi to oni / Fudo / -

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. Onipedia - 鬼ペディア　- Oni Demons - ABC-List - Index - .

. Japanese legends and tales 伝説　民話　昔話 - Introduction .

- Yookai 妖怪 Yokai Monsters of Japan -
- Introduction -

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Posted By Gabi Greve to Heian Period Japan on 8/26/2017 01:13:00 pm

KAPPA - Ino Heitaro Mononoke Roku

- Yōkai 妖怪 Yokai monsters - - ABC-Index -
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Ino Heitaro 稲生平太郎 and Gonpachi 権八(Gompachi)

The year is 1749. The place is 三好市　広島県　Miyoshi town in Hiroshima.
Heitaro was a samurai of the domain.
He and his friend Gonpachi tried a contest of courage, involving an encounter with various Yokai.
This was a popular summer game reminding people of the
. Hyakki Yagyō 百鬼夜行 "The Night Parade of a Hundred Demons" .

In May they went up to 比熊山 Higumayama and lit 100 candles. Now each one of them had to tell a Yokai ghost story and after each story, one candle was put out.
After the last story was told the last candle was blown out and the two waited in the darkness for any Yokai to make their appearance.
Anyway,
no Yokai appeared for some time that night, so they went back home. But come July, the monsters begun to appear to haunt them . . .
And this story is told in the famous

稲生物怪録 The Ghost Experience of Mr. Ino
- いのうもののけろく Ino Mononoke Roku
- いのうぶっかいろく Ino Bukkai Roku


CLICK for more spooky photos !

For one month, various Yokai appeared day and night, trying to frighten Heitaro, but he never lost his calm and slept well at night.
For example, a huge toad appeared in his cupboard in the evening, with a red rope around its body . . . so Heitaro grabbed the rope and slept . . .
The next morning, the toad showed its real appearance, just the usual big box for cloths in the cupboard.




Another evening, a woman with a long neck came out of the Tokonoma niche from his room
and tried to lick him all night.
But he just ignored her completely and slept well till morning.



Eventually the Yokai gave up, praised his fearlessness and - in a swoop - disappeared from his garden.

This story soon became a picture scroll for all to enjoy.
稲生物怪録絵巻 Ino Mononoke Roku Emaki.

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- quote - YOHEI IZUMIDA -
Spooky 'yokai' ghost museum to lure tourists to Hiroshima


An illustration from "Hyakki Yagyo Emaki," a narrative scroll painting depicting a parade of yokai (Provided by the city government of Miyoshi, Hiroshima Prefecture)

MIYOSHI, Hiroshima Prefecture--
An enthusiast's extensive collection of paraphernalia related to the "yokai" supernatural beings of Japanese folklore is to be housed in its own museum as part of efforts to attract more visitors here.
The city government decided to construct a purpose-built museum to showcase about 3,000 yokai items amassed by Koichi Yumoto forming the main attraction. The museum is scheduled to open in 2018.

"I want to hand down to posterity Japan's original culture generated by Japanese people's imagination," Yumoto, 66, of Tokyo's Edogawa Ward, has said.
He started collecting yokai-related works of art about 30 years ago, and has spent more than 100 million yen ($882,450) on his hobby to date.

The collection includes precious items, such as "Hyakki Yagyo Emaki," a narrative scroll painting depicting a parade of yokai, and the renowned ukiyo-e artist Katsushika Hokusai's spooky tale-themed "nishiki-e" multicolored woodblock print "Hyaku Monogatari" (100 stories).

Miyoshi, located in a mountainous region, has been seeking ways to revitalize itself by taking advantage of the local "mononoke" evil spirits culture.

The area is famous as the setting for "Ino Mononoke Roku," a story about a young man who battles with evil spirits from the Edo period (1603-1867).

Yumoto's collection provided a perfect opportunity, and the city teamed up with the yokai enthusiast who had been looking for a facility to display and manage his collection.
Yumoto signed a deal with the city at the end of 2016 to hand over his collection for free on condition that the city would establish a museum specializing in yokai.
The total project cost is estimated at 1.2 billion yen.

"I think yokai are happy about finally having their own museum," said Yumoto.

Miyoshi Mayor Kazutoshi Masuda expressed his gratitude, saying: "We greatly appreciate the donation of such precious materials. We would like to invigorate the city by utilizing the collection."
- reference source : Asahi Shinbun 2017 -







平田篤胤が解く稲生物怪録【編著】荒俣宏
Ino mononoke-roku  illustrated by Hirata Atsutane


- another book about the Ino Mononoke Roku

Ino Mononoke Roku to yokai no sekai, Miyoshi no yokai emaki
Hiroshima Kenritsu Rekishi Minzoku Shiryokan, 2004


Miyoshi Fudoki-no-oka History and Folklore Museum
Displays on the history, folklore and archeology of the Chugoku mountain region.
If you have kids who are going to Japanese school or have a high level of Japanese language skills, there are quite a few fun worksheet activities and quizzes to try.
Fragments of the yokai hobgoblins which appear in the Edo-era Ino Mononoke Roku ghost story set in Miyoshi are also scattered around the museum – find them all and stamp your notebook with a special stamp.
- source : ethiroshima.com/museums-attractions... -

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稲生神社 Ino Jinja

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Yokoyama Shigeo 横山茂雄
(1954 - )

The writer Yokoyama Shigeo uses the pen name - Ino Heitaro 稲生平太郎

柳田国男と水野葉舟における怪談観の特徴を焦点化した横山茂雄「怪談の近代 」

神の聖なる天使たち[横山茂雄]

『何かが空を飛んでいる』稲生平太郎 (横山茂雄)

責任編集 若島正＋横山茂雄「ドーキー・アーカイヴ」(全10巻)

放課後の物騙り、存在の夏休み――稲生平太郎／横山茂雄

- source : wikipedia


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Posted By Gabi Greve to Kappa - The Kappapedia on 8/24/2017 05:14:00 pm

SHRINES - Chijin Earth God

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. Ta no Kami 田の神 - Table of Contents .
. Yama no Kami 山の神 - Table of Contents - .
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jigami, jishin, chigami, chijin 地神 Kami of the Earth / the Land
Chiten, Jiten 地天 "Earth Deva"
- - - - - another name for
. Ta no Kami 田の神 God of the Fields .




- quote -
Ji-ten, whose name means "earth deva,"
guards the downward direction and is the god of the earth. He is also called Kenro chijin.

On the more down-to-earth animistic beliefs of rural Japan,  he comes as Yama no Kami and Ta no Kami, the God of the Mountains and the Fields, who changes his residence twice a year, retreating in autumn to the mountains and coming back in spring to the fields. This is a fascinating tale of its own.

In Shinto, when a mountain is considered an object of worship, a yamamiya may be established at the summit or on the side of the mountain, as at Sengen Jinja on Mt Fuji. In some cases, the yamamiya may be regarded as an "interior shrine" (okumiya) in contrast to a shrine located in a village (see satomiya) or lower on the mountain.
Some scholars see the yamamiya associated originally with ancestor worship, and thus also with the dual complex of mountain god (yama no kami) and rice field god (ta no kami).
- source : Kokugakuin


. Kenroo chijin 堅牢地神 Kenro Earth Deity .

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Jiten - Earth Deva; Skt : Prthivi


Guards the downward direction; god of the earth.

Jiten's counterpart is Bonten (Brahman), who guards the upward direction.
- source and more - Mark Schumacher


- - - - - More about
. 風水天地の神様 Gods of the four elements - wind, water, heaven, earth .


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- quote -
Jiten 地天（じてん）とか Kenro Jijin 堅牢地神（けんろうじじん）とよばれる地の神です。
お釈迦様がお悟りになられた時に地から湧出されたといわれる神さまです。
大地をあらわす花籠に花盛って手にしておられます。
地鎮祭（じちんさい）などで勧請して供養しその土地の安寧を祈ります。

おん　びりちびえい　そわか - on birichibiei sowaka
（おん普遍の諸仏に帰命す。びりちびえい地天のために、そわか成就あれ）
- reference source : blogs.yahoo.co.jp/kanmankiriku...-


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.......................................................................　Niigata 新潟県 .....

鬼神 Kijin，山の地神 Yama no Chijin
越後国古志郡国上の寺に塔を建てたが、三度落雷により倒壊した。ある僧が塔の側で法華経を誦したら雷鳴とともに童男が縛られて落ちてきた。童男はその地の地神で塔があると住めないので壊したと語った。冷泉を出すと赦してやると言ったら泉が湧き、四十里四方に雷が落ちなくなった。



.......................................................................　Yamanashi 山梨県 .....
東八代郡 Higashi-Yatsushiro district 御坂町 Misakacho

At the graveyard, a bluish fire-light was seen every night. The villagers were afraid, thinking it was the soul of a villager and did not even dare to pass the road during daytime.
玉吉 Tamakichi wanted to see it for himself and went out one evening, carrying 地神の魂の扇 a hand fan with the soul of the Jigami in one hand. When he reached the graveyard, he could see the bluish light. While fanning with his hand fan he went closer. The ground of the grave was still fresh so Tamakich started to dig, found the coffin bound with a cord and pulled it up.
But it was not a coffin but a hookei 包茎 (the dictionary says: a phallus with phimosis).

here is another version of Tamakichi and jishin no oogi 地神の扇 the hand fan of Jishin.
夢のお告げを聞いた玉吉は、朝早くに万年橋に向かい、お告げ通り扇を手に入れた。家では長年家から出たことのない玉吉がいなくなったので大騒ぎをしていたが、ぼろぼろの扇で仰ぎながら帰ってきた。大水害の後で家は建て直したが地神は祭っていなかったので、早速屋敷神を祭って地神祭をした。しばらく後、玉吉は体も治り仕事をするようになった。村人がこれを聞き、病気になると扇であおいでもらうようになった。仰いでもらうと、すぐに病気は治ったという。

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- reference source : nichibun yokai database -
63 to explore 地神 (01)
地神塔

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. Shrine, Shinto Shrine (jinja　神社) - Introduction .

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Posted By Gabi Greve to Japan - Shrines and Temples on 8/29/2017 02:37:00 pm