Darumapedia

24 Oct 2019

EDO - Mitsu Kaido Highway

https://edoflourishing.blogspot.com/2019/09/mitsu-kaido-highway.html

Mitsu Kaido Highway

Now National Route Nr. 19 - 松山港線 Matsuyama Kosen - Matsuyama harbour road / about 10 km long.
三津港 Mitsuminato harbour / 三津浜 Mitsuhama beach
Passing 梅津寺町 Baishinji town and 高浜町 Takahama town.

- quote -
Matsuyama was in medieval times part of the Iyo-Matsuyama Domain, a fiefdom of Iyo Province consisting mainly of a castle town, supporting Matsuyama Castle. There was a nearby village at Dōgo Onsen to the east and a port somewhat farther to the west at Mitsuhama providing a link to the Japanese mainland (Honshū) and Kyūshū.
Mitsuhama (三津浜), formerly also known as Mitsugahama, is the main port of Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan.
In October, 1888, the Iyotetsu light railway line connecting Mitsuhama with Matsuyama began operation.
Mitsuhama absorbed the village of Furumitsu in 1925 and Shinhama in 1937.
In 1940 Mitsuhama was merged into the city of Matsuyama.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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- quote -
Matsuyama (松山市 Matsuyama-shi)
is the capital city of Ehime Prefecture on the island of Shikoku in Japan and also Shikoku's largest city,
The city is known for its hot springs (onsen), among the oldest in Japan, and is home to the Dōgo Onsen Honkan, a Meiji Period wooden public bathhouse dating from 1894.[A second favorite tourist spot is Matsuyama Castle. Eight of the eighty-eight temples in the Shikoku Pilgrimage are in Matsuyama.
In the 17th century, the lord of Matsuyama castle Sadayuki Matsudaira (松平定行) introduced the process of tart-making, originally brought to Japan by the Portuguese, to Matsuyama. At first it was a Castella with jam. According to legend Sadayuki made some changes, such as adding red bean paste. Now there are many kinds and makers of tarts in Matsuyama; some add yuzu paste or chestnut to the red bean paste.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

.................................................................................　Ehime 愛媛県
.......................................................................
松山市 Matsuyama city

. tanuki 狸 - mujina 狢　－ racoon dog, badger legends .
In Matsuyama lived a badger called おみつ狸 O-Mitsu Tanuki.
Well, once upon a time the entrance to the Mitsu Kaido 三津街道 was called 三津口 Mitsuguchi.
There was a guard station at the entrance.
On a rainy night 佐兵衛 Grandfather Sahei was on duty when he saw a beautiful young women. She stood in the rain without an umbrella and the long sleeve of her Yuzen kimono looked almost like a tail of an animal.
Yes, Sahei had seen a badger all right. He caught her, put a rope around her and tried to smoke her out.
Now he saw it was the Tanuki O-Mitsu trying to lure some fish.

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- - - - - 三津浜 Mitsu hama / 三津が浜 Mitsugahama

. Tengu 天狗と伝説 Tengu legends "Long-nosed Goblin" .
The coast line around 三津浜 Mitsuhama has a warm, sub-tropical climate and many reeds grow like small forests on the sand dunes.
In this small forest there lived a Tengu, who played many bad tricks on the villagers.
On a warm spring night they had a big catch and the fishermen saw hi no tama 火の玉 a ball of fire coming from the mountain. They realized that all the fish in their baskets had gone. The ball of fire was twirling around above in the nearby cliff.

. hinotama 天狗と火の玉伝説 Legends about Tengu and fire balls .

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ドンコ Donko, どぐろ Doguro - Dark sleeper fish, Odontobutis obscura

Once upon a time
there was a small pond near 北が森 / 北ヶ森 Kitagamori.

There lived a red Donko and a black Donko of about three feet.
One day an エンコ Enko (Kappa) from 三津が浜 Mitsugahama came to catch them and wanted to eat them at home. On his way there was a daija 大蛇 huge serpent on the way and asked the Donko, where it was going.
The Donko replied "I am going to be grilled when we come to his home!"
When the Enko realized his intentions were known, he became full of fear, let the fish free in their pond at Kitagamori and run away in fear.

. Enko エンコ Kappa from Shikoku .
. daija, orochi 大蛇 huge serpent, great snake legends .

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伊予郡 Iyo district 砥部町 Tobe town

At 底なし沼ドンコが池 the Donko Pond without a bottom there lived a huge Donko.
One day he showed his back while relaxing, so a man caught him and carried him over the pass road. There was nobody else but suddenly he heard a voice:
"Hey, Donko, my friend, where are you going?" The Donko replied:"I am going to be grilled when we come to his home!"
The man was quite surprized, let the fish go and run home as fast as he could.

The same story is told at 喜多郡 Kita district 内子町 Uchiko town
In the pond behind the temple lived a Donko.

The same story is told at 大洲市 Ozu city 肱川町 Hijikawa town
Here the Donko lived in the river pool of the demons 魔の淵.

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京都府 Kyoto

Donba ドンバ is another name for the Kappa, it seems.
The name was also used for the dark sleeper fish, who lived deep down in a pond or swamp. He sometimes pulled swimming children down by their legs.

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- reference : nichibun yokai database -

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- - - - - H A I K U and S E N R Y U - - - - -

気車戻る三津街道や朧月
kisha modoru Mitsu Kaido ya oborozuki

the train comes back
on the old Mitsu Kaido -
hazy moon
. Masaoka Shiki 正岡子規 and 松山 Matsuyama .

. oborozuki 朧月 hazy moon .
- - kigo for Spring - -

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SHINTO - Mizunokami legends

https://japanshrinestemples.blogspot.com/2019/06/mizu-no-kami-water-legends.html

mizu no kami water legends

[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
. Yama no Kami 山の神 Yamanokami - Introduction .
. Ta no Kami 田の神 Tanokami - Introduction .
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Mizu no Kami, Mizunokami 水の神 Deity of Water - Legends

. Mizu no Kami 水の神 Deity of Water / Suijin 水神 .
- Introduction -

水神様 / スイジンサマ Suijin Sama

venerated in Katsuyama, Okayama

- Another name for this deity is
. Ido no Kami 井戸の神 / Idogami 井戸神 Deity of the Well .

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. Uma to Mizu no Kami 馬と水の神 Mizunokami and Horse Legends .

. Unagi to Mizu no Kami 鰻と水の神 Mizunokami and Eel Legends .

- - - A dragon is often seen as Mizunokami.
. ryuu, ryū 龍 / 竜と伝説　Ryu - dragon legends .

- - - A serpent is often seen as Mizunokami.
. hebi 蛇と伝説 Legends about snakes and serpents .

- - - The Kappa is often seen as Mizunokami Suijin
. suijin 水神河童 Kappa as water deity .
and Kappa Jinja　河童神社 Kappa Shinto Shrines

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. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

. kani 蟹 crab, Krabbe .
People who believe in 金毘羅権現 Konpira Gongen think that crabs are messengers of Mizunokami.
When they make a wish, they stop eating crabs until it is fulfilled. Some have never eaten a crab in their whole life.

. Konpira Daigongen . 金毘羅大権現 .

............................................................................　Akita 秋田県
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仙北郡 Senboku district

. tanishi 田螺 mud snails .
Mud snails are seen as messengers of Mizunokami. They protect from fire.

............................................................................　Fukuoka 福岡県
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みやま市 Miyama city 瀬高町 Setaka machi town

Suijin sama スイジンサマ, the Kappa
The Idogami 井戸神 God of the Well is also called Suijin Sama.
Its festival is on the 5th day of the 5th lunar month and called
Kappa San Matsuri 河童さん祭り Festival of Kappan San.
People make special offerings of salt, small sardines a
nd rice packed in large bamboo leaves and add some Sake poured into bamboo tubes.

............................................................................　Fukushima 福島県
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いわき市 Iwaki city

mochi 餅 rie cakes for Suijin Sama
On the New Years day people make offerings of mochi 餅 rice cakes, put red chopsticks into them and fasten a mizuhiki 水引 auspicious paper string around it.
This offering is hung on the jizai kagi 自在かぎ / 自在鈎 pot hook over the open hearth.
When the whole family gathers around the hearth, someone takes it of secretly and eats the rice cake to become a strong man.

. irori 囲炉裏 / 居炉裏 / いろり　open sunken hearth .

............................................................................　Ishikawa 石川県
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鳳至郡 Hosu district 門前町 Monzen

daija 大蛇 a huge serpent
In the upper stream of the river 五十洲川 Igisugawa there is a deep river pool where people perform amagoi 雨乞い rain rituals.
The Mizunokami was seen as a huge serpent.
Once this serpent wanted to get a young woman from the village. The parents of the girl made a doll and put some poison inside. They left the doll on the river side and the huge serpent ate it - and then died.

............................................................................　Kagawa 香川県
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東かがわ市 Higashi-Kagawa city

Suijin Sama does not like metal things, so they must not be thrown into water.

............................................................................　Kagoshima 鹿児島県

. Legends about the Kappa 河童伝説 from Kyushu.

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熊毛郡 Kumage district 上屋久町 Kamiyaku town

suijin sa 水人サア Suijin Sama (in the local dialect)
In the local river lives a Kappa, called ガラッパ Garappa in the local dialect.
Many years ago a fisherman was stolen his mussels and fish by this Kappa.
If people make offerings of salt and rice to 川の水神様 the Mizu no Kamisama, Water Deity of the River, they will have no accidents.
If one coughs loud to announce his presence before going into the river or the sea for fishing, Suijin will not be taken by surprize and not curse anyone.

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川内市 Sendai city 向田町 Mukoda town

suijin sekizoo 水神石像，Garappa ガラッパ
There is a large statue of Mizunokami in the village which resembles very much the local Garappa Kappa.

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曽於郡 Soo district

Suijin Sama スイジンサマ -
names for the Kappa ガラッパサン Garappa san，ガラッパドン Garappa Don
Garappa don steals cucumbers to eat and pulls children into the river.
Until around 1950 on the day of the Spring Equinox, people could hear a voice like a bird, ピーピー piipii and thought that Suijin Sama is now coming down from the mountains to the river (like Yamanokami and Tanokami).
People can not see the deity, but the sound is frightening and they can not sleep.
In Autumn, when the Deity goes back from the river to the mountain, the villagers do not hear any soune.

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鹿児島市 Kagoshima city

山の神様 Yama no Kami Sama and 水神様 Suijin Sama
Once a hunter was in the mountains when his wife gave birth to a boy. A few years later on the 16th day of the 5th lunar month, Suijin Sama would come to get the baby, but the clever father bound the boy tight to a pole and all was fine.
On this day people also write the name of their children on a cucumber, a special food of Kappa san, and throw it into the river as an offering.

............................................................................　Kumamoto 熊本県
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球磨郡 Kuma district 多良木町 Taragi town

names for the Kappa
ガワッパ Gawappa，水神様　Suijin sama，ヤマンタロウ　Yama-n-Taro，カワンカミサン Kawa-n-Kami San
People make offerings of dango 団子 rice dumplings for the River Festival and later eat them at home to be protected from mischieves of the River Kappa.
This River Kappa goes back to the mountain forest in Autumn.
.
At the temple 青蓮寺 Shoren-Ji
They celebrate and get 水神の札 an amulet from Suijin on the first day of the second and 12th month of the lunar calendar.
To prorect them from water accidents, the villagers make mochi 餅 rice cakes, write the ritual name of Kobo Daishi 南無大師遍照金剛 on paper to wrap the rice cakes and place them on a stone by the river or throw them into the river.

............................................................................　Miyagi 宮城県
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本吉町 Motoyoshi town

mizu no kami san 水の神さん
When they wanted to built a new road, they had to fill up the well and relocate the statue of 地蔵 Jizo Bosatsu.
Jizo and Mizunokami and Hinokami 火の神 "Deity of Fire" came out every night to meet at the new spot. After some special rituals they stopped to come.

. Legends about Jizo Bosatsu - 地蔵菩薩 .

............................................................................　Miyazaki 宮崎県

. Legends about the Kappa 河童伝説 from Kyushu.

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東臼杵郡 Higashi-Usuki district 西郷村 Nishigo village

Hyoosubo ヒョウスボ Hyosubo (a name for Kappa)
Hyosubo is seen as Mizunokami. In Autumn he goes up to the mountains, in Spring he comes down to the river (just like Yamanokami and Tanokami).
When he is up in the mountains, he sometimes calls 「ヒョー」 hyoooo.

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都城市 Miyakonojo

gaguresan ガグレサン a Kappa 河童
When giving birth it is best to have three deities near by:
鬼子母神 Kishibojin, 箒神様 Hokigami and 水の神様 Mizunokami (in his form as Gagure san).

............................................................................　Niigata 新潟県
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新発田市 Shibata city

Suijin sama 水神様
On the 15th day of the 11th lunar month, people express their gratitude for water.
They make offerings and place them near their ido 井戸 well and along the slope on the beach on branches of the
enoki 榎 nettle tree. To prevent them from meeting any monsters, the villagers do not look back at the tree on their way home.

. enoki 榎 nettletree, Chinese hackberry tree .

............................................................................　Okayama 岡山県

Yamanokami 山の神 and hachi daikoojin 八大荒神 eight great wild deities
The eight great wild deities are venerated at the temple 遍照寺 Hensho-Ji on top of 光明山 Mount Komyosan. The mountain has two peaks and between them is a pond.
In former times people saw a strange light in the pond and thought is must be Yamanokami or Mizunokami.
Later they thought it might have been a large serpent.

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真庭市 Maniwa city

. Legends about the Kappa 河童伝説 .
suijin no kodomo 水神の子供 the child of Mizunokami
Since olden times Kappa is seen as the child of Mizunokami. In Northern Okayama he is called
ゴンゴ Gongo.
Along the coast of Kojima he is called
ゴンゴージ Gongooji
In Maniwa, Yubara city is a river pool called
赤子淵 / 赤子ヶ淵 Akagobuchi, Riverpool of the Baby.
If someone passes here alone, he can hear the voice of a crying baby - and then Gongo is coming out, they say.

............................................................................　Okinawa 沖縄県
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kinmamon 君真物 / キンマモン a female serpent deity
The character jin 壬 represents water.
To pray for enough rain for a good harvest, people invite 太陽神 a sun deity テルコ Teruko, who can control fire and water at the same time.
On many islands the Deity of the Sea 海神 (Kaijin, Wadazumi) is also seen as the Mizunokami.

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A kooro 香炉 incense burner used especially by women is called
kuuru クール Kuru.
Kandin カンディン is a personal deity and like Kuru can be seen as Mizunokami.
Kuru is used by a few women together in prayer groups and when all of this group have died, after the funeral rites, it is disposed of.

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Miti nu kan / anda min / nuchi ミディ・ヌ・カン・ヌチ
are various names for Mizunokami.
anda min （アンダ・ミン）/ anda mizu no nushi アンダ水の主 is Mizu no kami.

............................................................................　Nagano 長野県
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飯山市 Iiyama city

In the river there lives 水神様 Suijin Sama.

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東御市 Tomi city

maruiwa no kashi-wan 丸岩の貸し椀 .
A pious young couple had prayed to the 道祖神 Dosojin, wayside gods and a boy was born.
They wanted to celebrate, but did not have enough trays and bowls for the guests.
At night both saw a beautiful woman in their dreams (Mizunokami), who told them to write the number of trays and bowls on a piece of paper and throw the paper into a crack of the round rock.
They did as advised and next morning the trays and bowls were placed in front of the rock.
After the event they brought them back and the trays and bowls disappeared in no time.
Since then other villagers used the crack in the rock to get help. But then a wicked person did not bring them back and from that time on, no more things were lend for the villagers.

. Zenwanbuchi 膳椀淵 "river pool for trays and bowls". .

. Doosojin 道祖神 Dosojin, Dososhin - Legends about Wayside Gods .

............................................................................　Saitama 埼玉県
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If people eat the first harvest of kyuuri きゅうり cucumbers and to not offer them to 水神様 Suijin Sama, their children will have water accidents.
This Suijin Sama is a Kappa, who is known to like cucumbers.

............................................................................　Shiga 滋賀県
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甲賀郡 Koka district

. Mizunokami and Yamanokami 山の神 .
at shrine 笠山神社 / 瘡山神社 Kasayama Jinja

............................................................................　Wakayama 和歌山県
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日高郡 Hidaka district

. Mizunokami and Yamanokami 山の神 .
- counting trees and fish

............................................................................　Yamaguchi 山口県
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豊北町 Hohoku town

. Mizunokami and Yabugami 藪神　/ ヤブガミ Kami of the thicket, .

............................................................................　Yamanashi 山梨県
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北都留郡 Kita-Tsuru district 小菅村 Kosuge village

Suijin Sama スイジンサマ
is the local name for Mizunokami.
He prevents the river from getting to wild and protects the wells.
When people have to work in a river, they they place a white sheet of paper and salt on a rock, with the inscription:
"Suijin sama, we have to remove this rock, so please go somewhere else."

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西山梨郡 Nishi-Yamanashi district 千代田村 Chioda village

. Tengu 天狗と伝説 Tengu legends "Long-nosed Goblin" .
After having made a new straw roof, people venerate Tengu san, who is seen as Mizunokami, to protect the home from fire.
The ancestors of the yaneya 屋根屋 roof makers is the deity 猿田彦 Sarutahiko, the ancestor of the Tengu.

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- reference source : nichibun yokai database -
水の神 / スイジンサマ - OK
246 水神 to collect

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sakana no bunkashi 魚の文化史 cultural history of fish
矢野憲一 Yano Kenichi (1938 - )

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- - - - - . Join the Updates of Facebook ! . - - - - -

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. Umi no Kami 海の神 God of the Sea / 海神 Watatsumi, Wadatsumi, Kaijin .

. Shrine, Shinto Shrine (jinja　神社) - Introduction .

. kami　神　Shinto deities - ABC-LIST - .

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[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]
- #yamanokami #godofthemountains #tanokami #mizunokami #waterdeity -
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https://japanshrinestemples.blogspot.com/2019/06/mizu-no-kami-water-legends.html

21 Oct 2019

- EDO - Mikuni Kaido

https://edoflourishing.blogspot.com/2019/09/mikuni-kaido-highway.html

Mikuni Kaido Highway

[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
. Kaido 街道 Highways - ABC Index .
- Shimizu Kaido, see below
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Mikuni Kaido, Mikuni Kaidō 三国街道 / 三國街道 Mikuni Highway
from Echigo, Niigata to Gunma, crossing the Mikuni Sanmyaku 三国山脈 Mikuni Mountain range,
with 三国山 Mount Mikuni, 1,636 m as its highest peak.
Now mostly National Route 17

The road was used by the ambitious warlord
. Uesugi Kenshin Kagetora 上杉謙信(景虎) (1530 - 1578) .
The Dragon of Echigo, on this many war expeditions in the Kanto area.
Another road was the Shimizu Kaido, see below.

- quote
an ancient highway in Japan that stretched from Takasaki-juku (present day Gunma Prefecture) on the Nakasendō
to Teradomari-juku (present day Niigata Prefecture) on the Hokurikudō.
- History
The Mikuni Pass separated the Kantō region from Echigo Province in ancient Japan. As such, it has long been used as a major transportation hub for travelers going between those two areas. During the Edo period, the Mikuni Kaidō was established with the purpose of helping daimyō who were participating in sankin kōtai, which required daimyō to spend a portion of their time in Edo.
In 1902, the Shin'etsu Main Line was built, the first train line through the area. As a result, the economies of many of the post towns began to falter. However, the area between Nagaoka and Yuzawa was able to continue to flourish because the flat land allowed them to pursue agriculture. The area across the Mikuni Pass, however, received very little traffic.
In 1953, as cars became more common, so did long-distance transport, which led to a great rise in traffic in the area. However, for cars traveling between the Kantō and Echigo regions, it was very inconvenient to take the same detour as the train line, so the prefecture began major repair and construction work along the Mikuni Kaidō.
- source : wikipedia

- - - - - There are 35 post stations along the Mikuni Kaidō.
Gunma Prefecture
1. Takasaki-shuku (高崎宿) (Takasaki) (starting location)
- - . Takasaki Daruma 高崎達磨 .
2. Kaneko-shuku (金古宿) (Takasaki)
3. Shibukawa-shuku (渋川宿) (Shibukawa)
4. Kanai-shuku (金井宿) (Shibukawa)
5. Kitamoku-shuku (北牧宿) (Shibukawa)
6. Yokobori-shuku (横堀宿) (Shibukawa)
7. Nakayama-shuku (中山宿) (Takayama, Agatsuma District)
8. Tsukahara-shuku (塚原宿) (Minakami, Tone District)
9. Shimoshinda-shuku (下新田宿) (Minakami, Tone District)
10. Fuse-shuku (布施宿) (Minakami, Tone District)
11. Ima-shuku (今宿) (Minakami, Tone District)
12. Sukawa-shuku (須川宿) (Minakami, Tone District)
13. Aimata-shuku (相俣宿) (Minakami, Tone District)
14. Sarugakyō-shuku (猿ヶ京宿) (Minakami, Tone District)
15. Fukuro-shuku (吹路宿) (Minakami, Tone District)
16. Nagai-shuku (永井宿) (Minakami, Tone District)

Niigata Prefecture
17. Asagai-shuku (浅貝宿) (Yuzawa, Minamiuonuma District)
18. Futai-shuku (二居宿) (Yuzawa, Minamiuonuma District)
19. Mitsumata-shuku (三俣宿) (Yuzawa, Minamiuonuma District)
20. Yuzawa-shuku (湯沢宿) (Yuzawa, Minamiuonuma District)
21. Seki-shuku (関宿) (Minamiuonuma)
22. Shiozawa-shuku (塩沢宿) (Minamiuonuma)
23. Muikamachi-shuku (六日町宿) (Minamiuonuma)
24. Itsukamachi-shuku (五日町宿) (Minamiuonuma)
25. Urasa-shuku (浦佐宿) (Minamiuonuma)
26. Horinouchi-shuku (堀之内宿) (Uonuma)
27. Kawaguichi-shuku (川口宿) (Nagaoka)
28. Myōken-shuku (妙見宿) (Nagaoka)
29. Muikaichi-shuku (六日市宿) (Nagaoka)
30. Nagaoka-shuku (長岡宿) (Nagaoka)
31. Yoita-shuku (与板宿) (Nagaoka)
32. Jizōdō-shuku (地蔵堂宿) (Tsubame)
33. Sekinakashima-shuku (関中島宿) (Tsubame)
34. Watabe-shuku (渡部宿) (Tsubame)
35. Teradomari-shuku (寺泊宿) (Nagaoka) (ending location)

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Mikuni sanmyaku 三国山脈 Mikuni Mountain range

Mikuni tooge 三国峠 Mikuni pass

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- quote -
Yuzawa (湯沢町 Yuzawa-machi) is a town located in Niigata Prefecture
- - - - - History
The area of present-day Yuzawa was part of ancient Echigo Province.
The villages of Yuzawa, Futai (二居村 Futai-mura), Asakai (浅貝村 Asakai-mura), Kandatsu (神立村 Kandatsu-mura), Tsuchidaru (土樽村 Tsuchidaru-mura), and Mitsumata (三俣村 Mitsumata-mura) were created on 1 April 1889 as part of the modern municipalities system.
On 1 November 1901, Futai and Asakai merged to become the village of Mikuni (三国村 Mikuni-mura). Yuzawa, Mikuni, Kandatsu, Tsuchidaru, and Mitsumata merged on 1 April 1955 to become the town of Yuzawa. ...
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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- quote -
Uonuma (魚沼市 Uonuma-shi) is a city located in Niigata Prefecture.
- - - - - History
The area of present-day Uonuma was part of ancient Echigo Province, with the name of Uonuma appearing in the 続日本紀 Shoku Nihongi in an entry dated 702 AD.
During the Edo period, the area was largely tenryō territory administered directly by the Tokugawa shogunate or part of the holdings of Aizu Domain. The area was greatly affected by the Tenpō famine of 1835-1837.
After the Meiji restoration, the area was organised as part of Kitauonuma District, Niigata with the creation of the modern municipalities system. The modern city of Uonuma was established on November 1, 2004, from the merger of the towns of Horinouchi and Koide, and the villages of Hirokami, Irihirose, Sumon and Yunotani (all from Kitauonuma District).
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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- quote -
Nagaoka (長岡市 Nagaoka-shi) is a city located in Niigata Prefecture.
Nagaoka is in the center of Niigata prefecture and the surrounding Chūetsu region of Japan
- - - - - History
The area of present-day Nagaoka was part of ancient Echigo Province.
Under the Tokugawa shogunate, a castle town was constructed by Hori Naoyori lord of Nagaoka Domain in 1616. However, as the initial castle was located in an area prone to flooding by the Shinano River, a new castle was built at the site of present-day Nagaoka Station in 1617. Nagaoka flourished as under the reign of the 13 generations of the Makino clan during the Edo period. In the Boshin War of 1868 during the Meiji Restoration, Nagaoka Domain was a member of the Ōuetsu Reppan Dōmei against the imperial forces, and the city was reduced to rubble during the Battle of Hokuetsu. A gift of one hundred sacks of rice from a neighboring province was sold to finance a new school during the reconstruction of Nagaoka, from which the anecdote of Kome Hyappyo was born. ...
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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Shimizu Kaido, Shimizu Kaidō 清水街道 Shimizu Highway
From 群馬県みなかみ町 Minakami town in Gunma to 潟県南魚新沼市 Minami-Uonuma city in Niigata, as the border of 上越国境 Joetsu no Kuni.
(The name 清水 is not read Kiyomizu.)

A war road crossing the Shimizu Toge 清水峠 Shimizu Toge Pass.
Its highest point is 1,448 m, on the 谷川連峰 Tanigawa mountain range.
Crossing this mountain range was also called
Sugugoe, Sugu-goe 「直越」（すぐごえ） "the short crossing"
a direct, but very narrow pass in former times, as opposed to the longer, easier road of Mikuni Kaido.

Shimizu tooge 清水峠 Shimizu pass

- Deity in residence
味耜高彦根命 Ajisugita Takahikone no Mikami

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- reference : nichibun yokai database -

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- - - - - H A I K U and S E N R Y U - - - - -

桑を解く三国旧道瞽女轍

松川洋酔 Matsukawa Yosui

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18 Oct 2019

- Abukuma legends Fukushima

https://japanshrinestemples.blogspot.com/2019/10/abukuma-river.html

Abukuma river

[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
. Shinto Shrines (jinja　神社) - Introduction .
. kami　神　Shinto deities .
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Abukuma Jinja 阿武隈神社 Abukuma Shrine, Fukushima

田村市滝根町菅谷字東釜山 / Higashikamayama Takinemachi Sugaya, Tamura, Fukushima

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The name Abukuma was already known in the Heian period and used in Waka poetry.
The name of the riverwas also spelled
Ookumagawa 大熊川 / 逢隈川 / 合曲川 Okumagawa,

The name refers maybe to oo-kuma 大熊 a type of huge bear, which lived in the mountains of
白河郡の西甲子岳 Fukushima in the Shirakawa district.
kuma 隈（クマ / 曲) may also refer to the many bends of the river

- quote -
人知れず　濡れにし袖の　乾かぬは　阿武隈河の　水にや　有るらむ　　　　　　　
古今和歌六帖　紀貫之　Ki no Tsurayuki
阿武隈に　霧たてといひし　から衣　袖の渡りに　夜もあけにけり　　　　　　　　　
重之集　　源　重之 Minamoto no Shigeyuki
思ひかね　つまどふ千鳥　風さむみ　合曲河の　名をやたづぬる　　　　　　　　　
夫木和歌集　　藤原定家 Fujiwara no Teika
名にしおはば　阿武隈川を　渡りみん　恋しき人の　影や映ると　　　　　　　　　　　　
堀河百首　源顕仲 Minamoto no Akinaka
阿武隈の　霧とはなしに　よもすがら　立ち渡りつつ　よをもふるかな　　　　　　　
後撰和歌集　藤原輔文 Fujiwara no Tsunesuke
ぬれ衣と　いふにつけてや　流れけん　あぶくま川の　名こそ惜しけれ　　　　　　　　　
堀河百首　永縁 Eien
かくしつつ　世をやつくさむ　陸奥の　逢隈川を　いかでわたらむ　　　　　　　　　　　　
中務歌集　中務 Nakatsukasa
- reference source : t-aterui.jp/fukushima。。。 -

Lord Kanemune
君が住む阿武隈河は名のみしてよそながらのみ戀や渡覧
kimi ga sumu abukumagawa wa na nomi shite
yoso nagara nomi koi ya wataruran

My darling dwells by
Abukuma River – known for meeting –
But that is all:
Simply far apart
Will our love ever be?

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. River Abukumagawa 阿武隈川 / 阿武隈河 .

During the Edo period travel along the river Abukumagawa 阿武隈川 was frequent and together with the tax rice Daruma dolls were shipped around.

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- - - - - The river caused incredible damage in October 2019.
. Typhoon Nr. 19 台風19号 Hagibis - 2019 October 06 .

- quote -
The Abukuma River (阿武隈川 Abukuma-gawa),
with a length of 234 km (145 mi), is the second longest river in the Tōhoku region of Japan and the 6th longest river in Japan. It runs through Fukushima Prefecture and Miyagi Prefecture, rising from springs in the peaks of the Nasu mountains, collecting water from tributaries leaving the Ōu Mountains and the Abukuma Highlands (阿武隈高地 Abukuma-kōchi), then emptying into the Pacific Ocean as a major river. It has a 5,390 km² area watershed, and about 1.2 million people live along its basin.
The Abukuma River
flows north through Fukushima Prefecture's Nakadōri region, past the cities of Shirakawa, Sukagawa, Kōriyama, Nihonmatsu, Date, and Fukushima. The portion of the river flowing between Nihonmatsu and Fukushima forms a deep ravine called Hōrai-kyō (蓬莱峡).
Crossing the northern edge of the long but low Abukuma hills, the Abukuma River then flows into Miyagi Prefecture, past the city of Kakuda and between Iwanuma and Watari before reaching the Pacific. Abukuma has a tributary called the Arakawa River.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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- quote -
Abukuma-do 阿武隈洞 - Abukuma Cave
is a limestone cave located in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan. The cave was discovered on August 15, 1969, northeast of the city of Tamura and was originally named Kamayama Shonyu-do (釜山鍾乳洞). It was designated a natural heritage of the town on February 7, 1971, and renamed Abukuma-do on June 1, 1973.
Visitors can traverse a 600-metre-long path inside the cave as well as a 120-metre-long exploration course to view the stalactites and stalagmites. Each stalactite has taken more than eighty million years to form. Beyond the public areas lie about 2,500 metres of cave that are not open to the public. Nearby Abukuma Cave is the smaller Irimizu Shonyu-do (入水鍾乳洞 - Irimizu Limestone Cave), discovered in 1927. Irimizu Limestone Cave was designated a National Natural Treasure on December 28, 1934. The temperature inside Abukuma-do is around 15 °C and the humidity is above 90%.

- - - History
Abubukuma-dong was discovered in September 1969 from the present Busan quarry site in an area called Abukuma Highlands (阿武隈高地), or Harachitai highlands(原地帯), in the middle of a plateau of geologic formation of irregular limestone deposits, on the west side slope of Mt. Otakine. Since ancient times mining for marble and limestone has been popular in that area. Limestone was also discovered at Abukuma-do. At the year of Abukuma-do's discovery mining in that area was suspended, and a limestone outcrop remains to this day near its parking lot.
The initial discovery of an entrance to the cave is now near the exit of the modern day tourist destination. The cave itself consists of a 12m deep hole, a tunnel running 60m north, and a tunnel running 15m southwest. In March 1970 the Japanese university 's expedition team explored the inside of the cave, and found a main cave ahead of the air hole in the northern end that was regarded as the end point until then. In 1973, four years after the discovery, the inside of the cave was developed for observation and it was opened to the public.
..... A notable feature of Abukuma-do is the existence of boxwork, a rare cave formation composed of thin blades of the mineral calcite that project from cave walls and ceilings, forming a honeycomb or box-like pattern. Boxwork can also be found in Shimukugama in Okinawa and Sugawatari-do (氷渡洞 - Ice Cross Cave) in Iwate Prefecture, but because Abukuma-do is currently the only limestone cave in Japan open to tourists, it is subsequently the only cave in Japan in which you can see boxwork. ...
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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Abukuma kyoo 阿武隈峡 Abukuma gorge
福島県中通り地方に連なる福島盆地と郡山盆地の間を流れ阿武隈川により形成される阿武隈高地と奥羽山脈の間の蛇行・狭窄部の峡谷。阿武隈川の浸食により形成された絶壁の峡谷や奇岩、怪岩などが連なる。蓬莱ダム（飯野ダム）より信夫ダムまでの下流側の峡谷部は蓬莱発電所、信夫発電所の発電用に取水されるため河川流量は少ない。
- wikipedia

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Abukuma koochi 阿武隈高地 / Abukuma sanchi 阿武隈山地 Abukuma highland
宮城県南部の阿武隈川右岸山地（亘理町と岩沼市の境）を北端、茨城県北部の久慈川左岸山地（日立市と東海村の境）を南端として南北170km以上[1]にわたって連なる山地である。その大部分が福島県に属し、おおむね阿武隈川を中心とする盆地である中通り地方と、太平洋沿岸部である浜通り地方との境界線となっている。阿武隈川・久慈川・太平洋に囲まれた紡錘形をした比較的なだらかな山地である。

山容は隆起準平原で北上山地と同様に高地部は全体的に比較的なだらかな地形が続く。阿武隈高地は海底で堆積した大変古い地層が隆起して陸地となり、はじめは日本アルプスのような大山脈だったと考えられるが、その後の長年の浸食作用で老年期のなだらかな地形となり、さらに隆起が進み隆起準平原となったと考えられる。阿武隈高地には侵食による残丘である硬い地質の独立峰が各所に残る。阿武隈高地中央部から西部のなだらかな山容とは対照的に阿武隈高地東部は、更なる隆起と再侵食により深い渓谷を刻む川も多く、阿武隈高地を西から東に抜ける道路の多くは、隆起した高地東部の「畑川断層」・「双葉断層」など断層による断崖状の壁面の急勾配を下っていく[2]。阿武隈高地がかつて海底にあったことを物語るものに、田村市滝根のあぶくま洞などの鍾乳洞、いわき市四倉のアンモナイト、フタバスズキリュウなどの化石産出地などがある。
阿武隈高地は活断層調査結果などより比較的安定な地盤と考えられ、また従来地震による被害の少ない地域でもある。
- wikipedia

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- - - - -　 H A I K U　 - - - - -

. Matsuo Basho in Sukagawa 須賀川 .

. Abukuma Haiku by Yosa Buson .

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. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

.......................................................................　Fukushima 福島県 .....
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伊達町 Date town

furu-usu, furuusu 古臼 an old wooden mortar to pound rice
During the flooding of river Abukumagawa an old mortar was flowing past.
A poor villager picked it up and thought he could use it as firewood. Then he saw blood flowing from the mortar, which had not been broken.
He bowed to it in prayer when the mortar spoke:
"I am the deity to help with birth, so please pray to me in this region!"
The villagers purified some lumber and built a small sanctuary.
This is now the Shrine 水雲神社 Suiun Jinja (Water-Cloud Shrine).

. Ubusunagami, tutelary kami of one's birthplace .

. pounding rice in a wooden mortar .

There are various Suiun Jinja Shrines in Date, Fukushima.

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福島市 Fukushima city 松川町 Matsukawa

In the year 1121, a daija 大蛇 huge serpent came to live in the river Abukumagawa at the waterfall あゆ滝 / 鮎滝 Ayutaki, and brought great harm to the local people.
A courageous villager went to the shrine 黒沼神社 Kuronuma Jinja in retreat until the serpent was gone.
This is the origin of the retreat 羽山ごもり Hayama Gomori.

黒沼神社 Kuronuma Jinja
福島市松川町金沢 Fukushima, Matsukawa, Kanezawa

. Shrine Kuronuma Jinja 黒沼神社 .
and Hayama Jinja 葉山神社 Hayama Shrine, Soma, Fukushima, with the retreat Hayama Gomori.

. daija, orochi 大蛇 the huge serpent, large snake .

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石川郡 Ishikawa district 平田村 Hirata

henge ヘンゲ / 変化 another form of the Deity
To be able to see another form of a deity, there is a spell to chant:
「宵之間や都の空にすみもせで心津くしの有明の月　袖ノ下ヨリ　三度　　ロイ」

.......................................................................　Miyagi 宮城県 .....
伊具郡 Igu district 丸森町 Marumori

The boulders of Sanno Gongen, Sanno Iwaya 山王岩屋 are at the very narrow part of the Abukumagawa gorge, where a huge boulder hang on each side.
The messenger of Sanno Gongen, a saru 猿 monkey comes here often and his footprints are in the rock.
The warlord Abe no Sadato 安倍貞任 used this place for the defense of his territory.

. Sanno Gongen 山王権現 and the 日枝神社 Hie Jinja shrines .

. Abe no Sadato 安倍貞任 (1019 - 1062) .

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yama no sei kurabe 山の背比べ comparing the size of the mountains
In the 阿武隈山地 Abukuma Highlands there is one high mountain. One day this 次郎太郎山 Mount Jirotaroyama (529 m) wanted to compare its size with ツボケ山 Mount Tsubokeyama (487 m).
Tsubokeyama tried to cheat and stood on his toes, but could only make it to 487 m high.

- Tsubokeyama

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- reference : nichibun yokai database -
15 丸森町 (01)

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[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]
- #abukuma #abukumagawa #abukumariver #hagibis #marumori #tsubokeyama #abenosadato -
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https://japanshrinestemples.blogspot.com/2019/10/abukuma-river.html

13 Oct 2019

EDO KAIDO - shio salt road

https://edoflourishing.blogspot.com/2019/08/shio-no-michi-salt-roads.html

shio no michi salt roads

[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
. Kaido 街道 Highways - ABC Index .
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shio no michi 塩の道 the salt roads of Japan

There are various "Salt Roads" in Japan.

The main "Salt Road" was used for transportation of salt from Nihonkai 日本海 to 松本 Matsumoto.
Also known as
Chikuni Kaido (Chikoku Kaido) 千国街道.

The road from the Pacific Ocean, starting in Aichi, was called
Sanshuu Kaidoo 三州街道 Sanshu Kaido, Kaido of three provinces

. Akiba Kaido 秋葉街道 Akiba Highway .
"Southern Salt" 南塩 from 相良 Sagara (in Enshu, now Shizuoka) was transported to 諏訪湖 Lake Suwako and Nagano.

The Salt Road Chikuni Kaido is 120 km long and connected the Sea of Japan at Itoigawa 糸魚川 in Niigata (Echigo) with Matsumoto, via Otari, Hakuba and Omachi.
Tobacco, soybeans and hemp linnen was also transported to the coast and salt, seafood and cotton was carried back to Matsumoto. Along this road there are many stone statues of Buddha to pray for road safety.
The warlord Uesugi Kenshin used this road to have salt transported to his arch enemy, Takeda Shingen in the 16th century, when his enemies had cut off the salt supplies to Shingen. Kenshin wrote to his enemy
"I fight with you with bow and arrow, not with rice and salt"!

The passage over Mount Hakuba was especially dangerous in these times.
The Itoigawa region was also famous for its jade products (hisui 翡翠).

Also called
Matsumoto Kaido 松本街道 Matsumoto Highway
or
"Chikuni Kaido" 千国街道(ちくにかいどう)
. . . CLICK here for Photos !

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- quote -
Shio no Michi (塩の道 Salt Road)
was an old kaidō, or road, in ancient Japan and was used to transport salt from the ocean to the inland central Honshū. In the Middle Ages, salt was brought both from the Sea of Japan and the Pacific Ocean to Shinano Province for processing. The road leading
from the Sea of Japan to Shinano Province was called the Chikuni Kaidō (千国街道),
whereas the road leading from the Pacific Ocean was called the Sanshū Kaidō (三州街道).
- - - - - Stations of the Chikuni Kaidō
On the Echigo Province side of the route, it was called the 糸魚川街道 Itoigawa Kaidō, but on the Shinano Province side, it was called Chikuni Kaidō. The Sawado-juku and Sano-juku pair and the Ida-juku and Imori-juku pair each essentially functioned as one post station.

Itoigawa Salt Road Festival 糸魚川・塩の道起点まつり

- - Niigata Prefecture
01. Itoigawa-juku (糸魚川宿) (Itoigawa)
02. Yamaguchi-juku (山口宿) (Itoigawa)
- - Nagano Prefecture
03. Ōami-juku (大網宿) (Otari)
04. Kuruma-juku (来馬宿) (Otari)
05. Chikuni-juku (千国宿) (Otari)
06. Shiojima Shinden-juku (塩島新田宿) (Hakuba)
07. Iida-juku (飯田宿) and Iimori-juku (飯森宿) (Hakuba)
08. Sawado-juku (沢度宿) and Sano-juku (佐野宿) (Hakuba)
09. Uminokuchi-juku (海ノ口宿) (Ōmachi)
10. Ōmachi-juku (大町宿) (Ōmachi)
11. Ikeda-juku (池田宿) (Ikeda)
12. Hotaka-juku (保高宿) (Azumino)
13. Nariai Shinden-juku (成相新田宿) (Azumino)
14. Matsumoto-juku (松本宿) (Matsumoto)

- - - - - Stations of the Sanshū Kaidō
The salt was initially carried from Mikawa Bay by boats traveling up the Yahagi River and its tributary, the Tomoe River. From Toyota, it was carried by horse, marking the start of the Sanshū Kaidō.
- - Aichi Prefecture
01. Okazaki-shuku (岡崎宿) (Okazaki) (also part of the Tōkaidō)
02. Kugyūdaira-juku (九久平宿) (Toyota)
03. Asuke-juku (足助宿) (Toyota) (Asuke Kaido 足助街道)
04. Busetsu-juku (武節宿) (Toyota)
- - Nagano Prefecture
05. Neba-juku (根羽宿) (Neba)
06. Hiraya-juku (平谷宿) (Hiraya)
07. Namiai-juku (浪合宿) (Namiai)
08. Komaba-juku (駒場宿) (Achi)
09. Iida-juku (飯田宿) (Iida)
10. Ichida-juku (市田宿) (Takamori)
11. Ōjima-juku (大島宿) (Matsukawa)
12. Katabora-juku (片桐宿) (Matsukawa)
13. Iijima-juku (飯島宿) (Iijima)
14. Akazu Uwabu-juku (赤須上穂宿) (Komagane)
15. Miyada-juku (宮田宿) (Miyada)
16. Inabe-juku (伊那部宿) (Ina)
17. Matsujima-juku (松島宿) (Minowa)
18. Miyagi-juku (宮木宿) (Tatsuno)
19. Ono-juku (小野宿) (Shiojiri)
20. Shiojiri-shuku (塩尻宿) (Shiojiri) (also part of the Nakasendō)
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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Shio no michi Chojiya 塩の道ちょうじや Salt Road Museum
長野県大町市八日町 2572番地

The museum is open from May to October from 9:00 - 17:00 and from November to April during 9:00 - 16:00.
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宮本常一 Miyamoto Tsuneichi (1907 - 1981)

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Edo - 家康の「塩の道」The Salt Road of Tokugawa Ieyasu

. The Gyotoku Salt Fields 行徳塩田 Gyotoku enden .
- Introduction -
The city of Edo needed salt from Gyotoku, which is the only town in the area suited for salt production. Therefore, in around 1602 Ieyasu ordered his men to begin building canals through the marshlands to connect all of the major river systems in the eastern Kanto region. The network of canals and rivers now extends across a wide area to the north and east of Edo.
One main canal, known as the 小名木川 Onagigawa (Onagi river),

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家康の「塩の道」

中川口 Nakagawa-guchi
歌川広重 Utagawa Hiroshige
- source : hiroshi on facebook

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江戸時代の運河、小名木川
中川から江戸川までは新川を掘り、道三掘、小名木川、新川経由で行徳に至る、塩の道が完成しました。
- reference source : edokara.tokyo/conts... -

. Shinkawa 新川 Shinkawa "new river" .

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Tosa shio no michi 土佐塩の道 the salt road of Tosa

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The road is more than 400 years old and was used to transport salt from the sea near 海辺の町赤岡 Akaoka to the hamlets deep in the mountains.
A short trail is about 30 km, a longer trail about 60 km.

香南市観光協会 / 塩の道保存会 Konan City
- reference source : moritomidori.com/sasayaki... -

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一里塚過ぎ日盛の塩の道　
ichirizuka sugi himori no shio no michi

past the milestone mound
the sun is high up in the sky
of the salt road

佐々木小夜 Sasaki Sayo

. ichirizuka 一里塚 milestone mound .

Shio ... Salt 　塩 and WASHOKU

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