Darumapedia

19 Nov 2019

SHINTO - Fukunokami Legends

https://japanshrinestemples.blogspot.com/2019/07/fuku-no-kami-legends.html

Fuku no Kami legends

- quote -
The god of happiness, represented in kyogen 狂言 plays by a masked figure kyogenmen 狂言面.
Fuku-no-kami always has a jovial, laughing expression like that of Ebisu 恵比須, and he is often portrayed using the ebisu mask. There are some masks specifically used for fuku-no-kami, whose features are carved with taut outlines indicating youth and refinement. This mask is used to play the central role in the kyogen play called FUKU-NO-KAMI 福の神.
- source : JAANUS -

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- His opponent is
. Binbogami 貧乏神 / ビンボウノカミ Bimbogami, Deity of Poverty .

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. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

.......................................................................　Aichi 愛知県 .....

ibohikida いぼひきだ a monster toad with warts
This toad-monster used black magic. Others say he is Fukunokami and if he lives below the veranda people should not tease or anger him.

. hikigaeru 蟇蛙 Legends about the toad, Bufo vulgaris .

source : Okinawa China School

.......................................................................　Aomori 青森県 .....
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. ushi 牛と伝説 Legends about ox, bull, cow . . .
Once a villager got up early in the morning and saw two cows from his home walking to the neighbours house.
The man thought that Fukunokami must be living there and indeed, the neighbour became rich and prosperous.
His own family became extinct.

.......................................................................　Chiba 千葉県 .....
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山武郡 Sanbu district

Ebisu sama エビス様　Honorable Ebisu
During the New Year, Ebisu walks around the area. To let him have some money, people put out an offering of a square wooden box filled with coins.
Ebisu is also called Ie no Kami 家の神 Kami of the Family.

. Ebisu 恵比寿 and Daikoku 大黒 .

.......................................................................　Ehime 愛媛県 .....
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南宇和郡 Minami-Uwa district 愛南町 Ainan town

Before drawing wakamizu 若水 the first water of the year, people light the water surface with taimatsu 松明 a torch.
In former times they could see Fuku no Kami in the water.

. wakamizu　若水 first drawing of water, "young water" .
drawing the first water of the year at the double-hour of the tiger (tora no koku 寅の刻, from four to six in the morning) ...

.......................................................................　Fukushima 福島県 .....
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南会津郡 Minami-Aizu district 南郷村 Nango village

Binbogami 貧乏神
Once a man heard footsteps at night and went out to have a look, there was a boozu 坊主 priest and he asked him:
"Where are you going?"
He replied "貧乏神 Binbogami" and the man was fast to repeat "Binbogami".
Later the priest came back again. This time he was invited into the home with great hospitality and became the Fuku no Kami of the family.

.......................................................................　Gunma 群馬県 .....
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高崎市 Takasaki city 吉井町 Yoshii town

If one blows the flute in the morning, Fuku no Kami will not come.

.......................................................................　Ibaraki 茨城県 .....
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行方郡 Namegata district 麻生町 Aso town

. Setsubun - oni wa soto 鬼は外 "Demons, get out!"　.
On the day of Setsubun 節分 the Seasonal Divide people make special offerings, especially of hiiragi柊 a holly branch and put them on butsudan 仏壇 the Buddhist family altar, the kamidana 神棚 shelf of the Gods, for the 井戸の神 Ido no Kami and other places to make sure, the demons do not come in.
The offerings of iwashi イワシ are eaten by fuku no kami 福の神 the God of Good Luck.

. oni to hiiragi 鬼と柊 Demon and the Holly branch .

. Ido no Kami 井戸の神 / Idogami 井戸神 Deity of the Well .

.......................................................................　Kyoto 京都府 .....

. Fukunokami and Binbogami .

.......................................................................　Miyagi 宮城県 .....

If one taps on the side of the fireplace or beats a drum in the middle of the night, 貧乏神 Binbogami feels happy.
If one blows a flute in the house, Binbogami will come and Fuku no Kami will flee.
If one sings in the morning while still in bed, Binbogami will come.

.......................................................................　Nagano 長野県 .....
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南佐久郡 Minami-Saku district 川上村 Kawakami village

If one tries to heat an empty water pot or hits the handle of the pan, Fuku no Kami will flee.
If one lights a fire for no purpose, 荒神 Aragami sama will send divine punishment.

. Aragami 荒神と伝説 Legends about the Aragami deity .
荒神様 Kojin sama, "rough god", "wild deity" - Hearth deity

.......................................................................　Nagasaki 長崎県 .....
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西海市 Saikai city 西彼町（せいひちょう） Seibi

On the first day of the New Year Fukunokami is walking around, so people have to hide metal things and money.

.......................................................................　Niigata 新潟県 .....
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南蒲原郡 Minami-Kanbara district

If someone hits the bottom of the masu 桝 square wooden box used to measure rice, Fukunokami will run away.

masu with 大黒天 Daikoku the God of Good Luck

. masu 升 / 桝 measuring box .

.......................................................................　Okayama 岡山県 .....
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真庭市 Maniwa town 鹿田 Shikata

. Marishiten 摩利支天 Marishi Ten .
In 落合町 Ochiai town many families venerate Marishi Ten in the home.
In 鹿田の陽堂 Shikata village they venerate him on a great rock in front of the house as Fukunokami.

.......................................................................　Shiga 滋賀県 .....
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高島市 Takashima city

In people let pieces of a matsu no ki 松の木 pine tree smolder in the irori 囲炉裏 open hearth, Fukunokami can use the smoke to come down and bring good luck.

. irori 囲炉裏 / 居炉裏 / いろり open sunken hearth .

.......................................................................　Yamaguchi 山口県 .....
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豊浦郡 Toyoura district 豊田町 Toyota (Toyoda)

Someone said Fuku no Kami had been here and put a mountain of gold on the roots of kaki no ki 柿ノ木 the persimmon tree.
But the man was too afraid to go out and have a look and did not get any.

. Legends about 柿ノ木 the Persimmon Tree .

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- reference : nichibun yokai database -

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- #fukunokami #godofgoodluck #fukusuke -
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16 Nov 2019

HEIAN - Chinoike blood pond legends

https://heianperiodjapan.blogspot.com/2019/07/chi-no-ike-blood-pond-legends.html

chi no ike blood pond legends

- BACK to the Daruma Museum -
. Japanese legends and tales 伝説民話昔話 - Introduction .
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chinoike, chi no ike 血の池と伝説 Legends about "blood ponds"

Chinoike jigoku 血の池地獄 "the blood pond of hell" is a famous hot spring in Oita, Beppu.
- see below -

. chinoike jigoku 血の池地獄 the Buddhist "Blood Pond Hell" .

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- - - - - There are many places with this name, see below.

The iron content of a crater lake is often high and leads to a red color.
Gunma - The crater lake of Mount Akagisan 赤城山にある火口湖
Toyma - The crater lake of Mount Tateyama 立山火山

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- - - - - Chinoike also relates to legends about women dying during birth.

恐山：血の池地獄　堕獄の女性を救う "如意輪観音"Nyoirin Kannon protects the women
- reference source : bluemoon250.blog... -

. Aomori, 恐山 Osorezan .

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- - - - - ABC List of the prefectures :

......................................................................................... Aichi 愛知県
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知多郡 Chita district 美浜町 Mihama town

Chinoike Koen 血の池公園 Chinoike Park
愛知県長久手市 Shiroyashiki, Nagakute, Aichi
In the compound of temple 大御堂寺 Omido-Ji, 野間大坊 Noma Daibo

. Noma Daibo 野間大坊 and Temple Omido-Ji 大御堂寺 .
Minamoto no Yoshitomo, the father of Yoritomo and Yoshitsune, was killed here and his head washed in the pond.
This legendary pond is said to turn red before unlucky events.

......................................................................................... Chiba 千葉県
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我孫子市 Abiko city

Hossho Daizenni no rei 法性大禅尼の霊 the spirit of the nun Hossho Daizen-Ni
Around 1395, the spirit of the nun Daizen-Ni, the daughter of Hojo Tokiyori (1227 - 1263), who had built the temple 法性寺 Hojo-Ji, had come to the temple.
She told the priest:
"In a former life I was a woman who had gone crazy, my hair stood on end and my voice was hoarse. I lost blood from my womb and cried in pain."
To appease her soul, the priest spent a period of prayers, and prayed to 地蔵菩薩 Jizo Bosatsu. An old man appeared and told him to go to a clear lake in the Eastern direction. There it begun raining flowers from the sky and the Sutra 血盆経 Ketsubon Kyo appeared.
He begun to read it aloud and the soul of the nun was appeased.

- quote -
The Blood Bowl Sutra (Chinese: 血盆經, Ketsubon Kyō)
is an apocryphal Mahayana sutra of Chinese origin. The earliest version of this text was likely composed around the end of the 12th century or the beginning of the 13th.
- Overview
The Blood Bowl Sutra describes how Maudgalyāyana, disciple of the Buddha famous for his supernatural or magical powers, descended to hell to save his mother. He finds her in the company of women who are tormented by the hell wardens and are forced to drink their own menstrual blood. They are punished like this because the blood produced by their bodies pollutes the ground and offends the earth gods, or ends up in rivers from which the water to make tea for holy men is drawn.
- Japan
The belief that women descend to the underworld shortly after childbirth has been present in Japanese folklore for quite some time. Story 9 of Volume 3 in the Nihon Ryōiki tells of how a woman died in labor and went to hell.
Despite the Ōjōyōshū being one of the most important texts to describe hell, it bears no mention of the Blood Pool Hell. It is possible that the nature of hell as presented in the Blood Bowl Sutra was not introduced to Japanese religious thought until the Muromachi period. At Yama-dera temple, there is a pool called the "Blood Pond." It is said that at one time, the Blood Bowl Sutra was used for dedicatory services to women who had died in childbirth. A similar ceremony was likely held at Gangō-ji. Until relatively recently, ceremonies surrounding the Blood Bowl Sutra were also held at Shōsen-ji temple. Believers would enclose a copy of the Blood Bowl Sutra in women's coffins in order to save them from being condemned to the Blood Pond Hell. A copy of the sutra discovered at Saidai-ji appears to have been used in a similar fashion.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

. Legends about Jizo Bosatsu - 地蔵菩薩 .

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Chiba 山武郡 Sanbu district 芝山町 Shibayama

The day 75 after giving birth marks the end of the Taboo period.
On this day the woman is allowed to go out for the first time, usually to the local Shinto Shrine.
If a woman dies before this day, she will go to the blood pond of hell.
On the banks of the pond grow nira 韮 garlic chives, but if a woman tries to grab some, they will break.

......................................................................................... Gifu 岐阜県
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揖斐郡 Ibi district 揖斐川町 Ibigawa town

If a woman during birth thinks about 庚申さん the Koshin deity, the birth will be easy.
If a woman dies during birth, she will fall into the blood pond of hell, but Koshin will come to pull her out at her hair.

. kooshin 庚申伝説 Legends about the Koshin Cult .

......................................................................................... Hyogo 兵庫県
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神戸市 Kobe city

. Fudo no taki 不動の瀧 Fudo Myo-o Waterfall .
and Maya mode 摩耶詣 visiting the Maya temple

......................................................................................... Ibaraki 茨城県
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久慈郡 Kuji district 大子町 Daigo town

The Kami from the upper and lower Shrine of 八溝山 Mount Yamizo had a fight.
The Kami from 上野宮 Kamino Miya lost and disappeared behind 新田の滝 the Shinden Waterfall.
Now there is a Chinoike blood pond.

......................................................................................... Kagawa 香川県
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三豊郡 Mitoyo district 高瀬町 Takase town

Chinoike 血の池
In the town of Takase there is a rock with the footprint of akago 赤子 a baby.
Once upon a time, from the top of mount 鬼がうすの山 / 鬼ヶ臼山 Onigausuyama a horse and a baby came flying down.The horse was quite exhausted, fell down near the small shrine, hit its head on the rock and died. But the baby stood on top of the rock, leaving its footprints to our day.
From the rock, in the form of a horse head, water like tears came floating down. The water from this well is said to cure zutsuu 頭痛 headaches.

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Yashima 血の池（瑠璃宝の池 Ruriho no Ike）

Kobo Daishi 弘法大師 stayed at 屋島寺 Yashima temple and wrote the Sutras
遍照金剛、三密行所、当都率天、内院管門. He then took hooju 宝珠 a wish-fulfilling jewel and threw it all into the pond.
There is also a tale that the ryuujin 竜神 Dragon King came to steal the jewel.
During the 源平合戦 Genpei wars around 1180, the Samurai who had fought at 檀ノ浦 Dannoura came here to wash their bloody swords, hence the name Chinoike.
- reference source : yashima-navi.jp... -

......................................................................................... Nagano 長野県
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佐久市 Saku city

. Chinoike at Mount Senningatake 仙人ヶ嶽 .

......................................................................................... Niigata 新潟県
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佐渡郡 Sado district 畑野町 Hatano town

rinshi taiken 臨死体験 near-death experience
Once a man almost died, he went to Paradise and saw the Chinoiki 血の池 Blood Pond and
hari no yama 針の山 the mountain of needles.
Then he came back to life.

hari no yama 針の山 the mountain of needles

......................................................................................... Oita 大分県
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別府 Beppu, a well-known hot spring area

. Chinoike-jigoku 血の池地獄, the "Blood Pond Hell" .

People in Japan's past named the Onsen Chinoike-jigoku 血の池地獄, the "Blood Pond Hell", based on an image of hell found in Buddhism.
- reference source : Jigoku-meguri (Hell Tour) in Beppu -

......................................................................................... Okayama 岡山県
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新見市 Niimi city 哲西町 Tessei town

If a pregnant woman dies they have to braid her hair. When she comes to the 血の池 blood pond, she will float up to her hair.

......................................................................................... Osaka 大阪府
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吹田市 Sugita city

. Legends about the daija 大蛇 huge serpent .
There once was a place where villagers made the offering of a living young woman to the Ujigami every year.
Once the Shinto priest of the Shrine became suspicious, found a small shirohebi 白蛇 white serpent and threw it out of the compound.
Soon the clear pond nearby became all red and a Chinoike. On its surface the bones of a huge serpent became visible.
Since then, they stopped to make offerings of human beings.

. ujigami　氏神 clan KAMI deities .

......................................................................................... Shiga 滋賀県
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高島市 Takashima city

If a woman dies during childbirth, the family has to get a special 流れ札 amulet from the temple 長善寺 Chozen-Ji.
This "chain amulet" has 100 pieces. Passers-by have to pour water over one, until the letters are invisible. If this has not happened after 1000 people have passed, the woman will not be able to get out of the Chinoike Blood Pond.

長善寺Temple Chozen-Ji
581 Makinocho Koaraji, Takashima, Shiga

......................................................................................... Tottori 鳥取県
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東伯郡 Tohaku district 下北條村 Shimo-Hokuei village

The body of a woman who died during childbirth is left at the riverside for 100 days. Passers-by throw water on her body so she can swim on the Chinoike and eventually go to heaven.

......................................................................................... Wakayama 和歌山県
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橋本市 Hashimoto city

If a woman dies during childbirth, she has to go to the Chinoike Hell Pond.

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- reference : nichibun yokai database 妖怪データベース -

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. Kaido highway legends 街道と伝説 - - ABC list .

. animals and their legends 動物と伝説 - - ABC list .

. plants and their legends 　植物と伝説 - - ABC list .

. trees and their legends 　樹木, 木と伝説 - - ABC list .

. Persons, People, Personen and their legends - - ABC list .

. Legends about Kobo Daishi Kukai - 弘法大師　空海 - 伝説 .

. Japanese legends and tales 伝説　民話　昔話 - Introduction .

- Yookai 妖怪 Yokai Monsters of Japan -
- Introduction -

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. Join the friends on Facebook ! .

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- #chinoiki #bloodpond #pondofblood #血之池 #血の池 #チノイケ -
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12 Nov 2019

SHINTO - Kawanokami water legends

https://japanshrinestemples.blogspot.com/2019/07/kawanokami-legends.html

Kawanokami legends

[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
. Shinto Shrines (jinja　神社) - Introduction .
. kami　神　Shinto deities .
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kawa no kami 川の神と伝説 Legends about the "River Deity"

Kappa 河童 is a"Kawa no Kami" 川の神 / 河の神 (lit. River Deity)
. Kawa no Kami, 水神 Suijin and Kappa .
- Introduction -
Kappa カッパ is often seen as Kawanokami or Mizunokami.

. Mizu no Kami, Mizunokami 水の神 Deity of Water .

- quote -
Kappa
mentioned in the Nihon Shoki 日本書紀 (Chronicles of Japan), one of Japan's earliest official records, compiled around 720 AD.
Other names: Kahaku (Nihongi)
A generic name for kami of rivers and streams.
The lineage of this kami is not described in the classics. Nihongi's record of Emperor Nintoku's reign contains an anecdote regarding the offering of human sacrifices (hitobashira) to the river deity called "Lord of the River" (Jp. kahaku; Ch. Hebo) at the occasion of constructing a riverbank, and Nihongi's record of Empress Kōgyoku likewise notes that during a great drought, prayers were offered without effect to the "Lord of the River." The Man'yōshū includes poems indicating that the river kami serves the emperor, and numerous records from the Nara period reflect the offering of prayers to the kami of famous mountains and great rivers.
- reference source : Kokugakuin - Nakayama Kaoru -

CLICK for more photos !

kahaku, kawa no kami 河伯 River Deity, "river chief"
Kahaku Shushin 河伯主神

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- - - - - ABC List of the prefectures :

. ryuujin 竜神 /龍神と伝説 Ryujin, Legends about the Dragon Deity .
Kawanokami is often seen as the same as the Ryujin Dragon Deity.
When he is offshore in the sea his wave pattern can sometimes be seen. In that case the fishermen sit down and pray to the deity.

......................................................................................... Akita 秋田県
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山本郡 Yamamoto district 二ツ井町 Futatsui town

Once upon a time, there was a year with not enough rain and water, people say the Kappa has come out and eaten all the cucumbers.
Since then farmers take the first two cucumbers of the harvest and throw it into the river shouting:
"川の神 Kawanokami, this is our offering!"

......................................................................................... Chiba 千葉県
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夷隅郡 Isumi district 夷隅町 Isumi town

Kappa is seen as Mizunokami, Kawanokami and an incarnation of a dragon deity.
If children are drowning in a river, this is the malicious deed of Kappa.

......................................................................................... Hyogo 兵庫県
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豊岡市 Toyooka city 竹野町 Takeno town

kawasoso, kawa soso 川ソソ Kamakami is called Kawasoso
He usually suppresses the Kappa 川コ Kawako, but lets him go on the last day of the sixth lunar month.
If someone goes into the river on this day, Kawako will take out his inner organs through the anus. He uses some iron tools to do that.

......................................................................................... Iwate 岩手県

Before peeing into a river, people ask Kawanokami to forgive them, to avoid his wrath.

......................................................................................... Kagoshima 鹿児島県

. Yama no Kami 山の神 God of the Mountain .
and Kawanokami, Kappa legends

......................................................................................... Kumamoto 熊本県
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熊本市 Kumamoto city

Kawanokami no tatari 川の神の祟　the curse of Kawanokami
Once there lived a man in the city called 平川円蔵 Hirakawa Enzo.
One he went to the local shrine and went to cut down the shinboku 神木 sacred tree, saying it was superstition not to cut such a tree.
Soon his wife became bewitched by the Kawanokami from the river 球磨川 Kumagawa and many strange things happened.

. shinboku 神木, shinju　神樹　sacred tree, divine tree .

......................................................................................... Nagasaki 長崎県
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On the 29th day of the 11th lunar month, Kawanokami comes walking along the road.
There is a strange noise like hyuuhyuu heard along the side of the pond.
It looks like a chidori 千鳥 plover with a long, red beek.
Sometimes it more looks like a man with a high hat, followed by many others. If people try to peek at the procession to see it clearly, it becomes invisible.

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- reference : nichibun yokai database 妖怪データベース -

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- Reference : 川の神

. Shrine, Shinto Shrine (jinja　神社) - Introduction .

. kami　神　Shinto deities - ABC-LIST - .

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- - - - -　 H A I K U　 - - - - -

焼米を炒るや川の神見そなはす

長谷川零餘子 Hasegawa Reiyoshi (1886 - 1928)

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- #kawanokami #rivergod #riverdeity #flussgott #mizunokami #kappa #yamanokami -
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MINGEI -chocho butterfly art and legends

https://omamorifromjapan.blogspot.com/2019/11/chocho-butterfly-art.html

chocho butterfly art

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choochoo 蝶々 Chocho, butterfly art motives - and legends

. WKD : Butterfly and Haiku .

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. ema 絵馬 votive tablets .

from the shrine 三光稲荷神社 Sanko Inari Jinja, Inuyama, Aichi

CLICK for more samples !

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. kokeshi こけし wooden dolls .

CLICK for more samples !

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. tako 凧 kite .

source : creema.jp/item...
絹てまり「蝶乱舞」

CLICK for more samples !

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. tsurushibina つるし雛 / 吊るし雛 small hanging hina dolls .

魚屋北渓 Totoya Hokkei - Cat and Butterfly

CLICK for more samples !

. Join the Ukiyo-E friends on facebook ! .

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- Kkites and butterflies art motives from the Prefectures - this blog

Sakurai no tako 桜井の凧 butterfly kite from Sakurai, Aichi
chodako 蝶凧 butterfly kite from Isehara, Kanagawa
fuutan フータン butterfly toy from Okinawa

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chawan 茶碗　tea bowls and rice bowls with a butterfly

田の浦窯作

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yakimono 焼物 pottery with a butterfly

瀬戸蝶絵馬の目皿（江戸後期）Seto ware
at aucfree . com

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. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .
- Introduction -

........................................................................................... Fukushima 福島県　
.......................................................................
石城郡 Iwaki district 田人村 Tabito village

A large butterfly came into the house and fluttered around grandmother.
When she chased it away to the kitchen door, in changed to a dead person for a moment and then left the house.

........................................................................................... Hyogo 兵庫県　
尼崎市 Amagasaki city

O-Kiku mushi お菊虫 O-Kiku becomes an insect

The story of the Sara Yashiki is also tole in Amagasaki.
O-Kiku became a Kiku-Mushi insect and finally a butterfly.

. Sara yashiki　皿屋敷 "the Dish Mansion" .
where the ghost of O-Kiku comes out of a well.

.......................................................................................... Niigata 新潟県　
.......................................................................
中頚城郡 Nagakubiki district 吉川町 Yokawa town

At a nadare 雪崩 avalanche of a steep mountain, many people died. Their souls came back to the homes as butterflies and danced around the main pillar of the home.

.......................................................................................... Tokushima 徳島県　
.......................................................................
那賀郡 Naka district 上那賀町 Kaminaka town

. hebi 蛇と伝説 Legends about snakes and serpents .
Above the jabuchi 蛇淵 "serpent river pool" there is a house, where there has been no ill or wounded person in many years.
There lived a beautiful daughter in the house. At night she would leave the door open and sleep with any man coming near her. But his body was always cold.
One night she stuck a needle with a string into the robes of the man and then followed the lead, to the river pool.
Later she became pregnant and was ready to give birth. When they placed her bloody robes into a barrel of water, there were all small serpents in the water.
They emptied the barrel into the bamboo grove nearvy and a beautiful butterfly flew away.
The daughter had died.

.......................................................................................... Yamanashi 山梨県　
.......................................................................
南都留郡 Minami-Tsuru district 平野村 Hirano village

Someone killed a girl of 8 years. This year during the Bon rituals for the ancestors a butterfly came and sat on the ritual rice offerings.
The butterfly just did not want to leave the home. It was the soul of the girl.

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- source : nichibun yokai database -

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. Join the MINGEI group on facebook ! .

. Regional Folk Toys from Japan .

. Japan - Shrines and Temples .

. Tohoku after the BIG earthquake March 11, 2011

[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]
[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
- #butterfly #chocho #schmetterling #蝶々 -
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9 Nov 2019

EDO - Tokugawa michi road

https://edoflourishing.blogspot.com/2019/09/tokugawa-michi-road.html

Tokugawa michi road

To avoid accidents with foreigners coming from Kobe Harbour on their way to Edo during
he Bakumatsu 幕末 final years of the Edo period.
The harbour of 神戸市 Kobe city was opened to foreigners in 1867.

- - Starting station : Branching off from the 西国街道 Saigoku Kaido
present day 灘区御影石町 Kobe, Nada ward, Mikage-Ishimachi
石屋川 - River Ishiyagawa
阪急六甲駅南 - South of the Rokko Station (Rokkosan 六甲山 Mount Rokko)
八幡町 - Yahata
神戸護国神社 - Gokoku Shrine, Kobe
杣谷登山口 - Somadani - along the valley Somadanizoi (杣谷沿い)
杣谷峠 Somadani toge pass
摩耶山北斜面 Northern slope of 摩耶山 Mount Maya san
桜谷分岐 Sakuradani branch divide
生田川沿い - along the river Ikutagawa
森林植物園東門 - East entrance of the Kobe Municipal Arboretum
弘陵学園高校正門前 - Main entrance of the Kobe Koryo Gakuen High School
北区山田町小部 - Obu hamlet, Yamada town, Kita ward, Kobe
鈴蘭台 - Suzurandai
白川 - Shirakawa
高塚山 - Takatsukayama
- - Final station : Branching back to the Saigoku Kaido
present day 明石市大蔵谷 Hyogo, Akashi city, Okuradani

under construction
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. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

.................................................................................　Hyogo 兵庫県
神戸市 Kobe city / 摩耶山 Mayasan / 杣谷 Somadani

. kitsune densetsu 狐と伝説 fox legends .
At the pond near the graveyard in the valley Somadani at the food of mount Mayasan there lived a fox called 兵五郎 Heigoro. Once a man visiting a grave peeked into the hole where the fox lived. He head the animal growling and the man became very dizzy. He hardly found his way home.

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source : city.kobe　...

. Temple 仏母麻耶山忉利天上寺 Butsumo Maya San Toriten Jo-Ji .
Near the top of Mount Rokko in Ashiya, Kobe
Maya mode 摩耶詣 pilgrimage to the Maya temple
chi no ike jigoku 血の池地獄 blood-red pond of hell
A special purification ritual before the pilgrimage was performed at the 不動の瀧 Fudo Waterfall near the bridge 観音橋 Kannon-bashi over a small river.
If a woman had died during giving birth, she will fall into the blood pond of hell. Her relatives make small scoops out of white cloth and scoop the water of the river. If the cloth will get holes soon, the dead woman will soon be able to go to Paradise.

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六甲山 Mount Rokkosan

source : yamahack.com...

- quote -
Mount Rokko is close to the cities of Osaka and Kobe and to the hot springs of Arima Onsen.
From the top of Mt. Rokko one has a panoramic view of Osaka Bay or the wonderful night view over the city of Kobe.
In every season Mt. Rokko offers a spectacle of nature, along with places for dining and shopping.
- source : rokkosan.com... -

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. Ebisu えびす / 恵比寿と伝説 Legends about Ebisu .
Ebisu at Mount 六甲 Mount Rokkosan, Shrine Nishinomiya 西宮.

- - - - -
Hidarugami ひだる神 the Hunger God / Hidarubo ひだるぼう
If someone walks along Mount Rokkosan, the gaki 餓鬼 hunger gods bewitched him, his hands begun to tremble and he had to sit down.
In winter, even if there is snow, he begins to drip sweat from his hands and can not go on further.
If he gets a raw egg to eat, he will soon come back to his senses.
One can also just drop one grain of raw or cooked rice and say "Ahh, this was delicious" to be healed.
.....
In the back of the temple 鷲林寺 Jurin-Ji near Nishinomiya there is the pass Kuragari toge 暗峠 (小暗峠). At the top is a small place to rest, but if a person drinks from the water flowing down the valley, he will get bewitched by Hidarugami and can not walk any more. Eating a bento 弁当 lunch will heal him.
Once upon a time, when 武田信玄 Takeda Shingen had been defeated by 信長 Oda Nobunaga, he was hiding here, but since he had no food, he died of hunger. His spirit became ひだるぼう Hidarubo
.....
A zatoo 座頭 Zato, blind minstrel was on his way to a cure at 有馬 Arima Hot Spring, but he died on the way.
If anyone passes this valley, 座頭谷 Zatodani, he will be bewitched by Hidarubo.

座頭谷 Zatodani valley

. Hidarugami ヒダル神 / ひだる神 / ヒダルカミ .
- Hidarubo ひだるぼう

. gaki 餓鬼 hunger ghosts .
The Hungry Ghosts are part of the Six Realms of Existence, rokudoo　六道　of the Buddhist religion.

. zatoo 座頭 Zato, blind minstrel .

- - - - -

shoojiwan ショージワン　Shoji bowl
At 六甲山 Mount Rokkosan there is an old pond in the form of a gourd.
The villagers from 上唐櫃の村 Kami-Arato say:
If one goes to the edge of the pond, there will be bowls coming afloat.
When they built a new pond for the village, the same thing happened.

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- reference : nichibun yokai database -

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EDO - Sanyodo Saigoku Kaido

https://edoflourishing.blogspot.com/2019/09/sanyodo-saigoku-kaido-highway.html

Sanyodo Saigoku Kaido Highway

[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
. Kaido 街道 Highways - ABC Index .
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Sanyo Kaido 山陽街道 Sanyo Highway and 西国街道 Saigoku Kaido
San'yōdō 山陽道 Sanyodo
"on the sunny side of the mountains"

The first part of the Sanyo Kaido 山陽街道 runs from Kyoto to 西宮 Nishinomiya in 兵庫県 Hyogo
Also called 山崎通り Yamazaki-dori.

The main Saigoku Kaido 西国街道 Highway to the Western Provinces
runs from Nishinomiya to 下関 Shimonoseki in 山口県 Yamaguchi.
- also called
西国路（さいごく〈さいこく・せいごく・せいこく〉じ）Saigokuji
or
Chugoku Kaido 中国街道, Chugokuji 中国路, Sanyoji 山陽路

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- quote
San'yōdō (山陽道) is a Japanese geographical term.
It means both an ancient division of the country and the main road running through it. The San'yōdō corresponds for the most part with the modern conception of the San'yō region. This name derives from the idea that the southern side of the central mountain chain running through Honshū was the "sunny" side, while the northern side was the "shady" (山陰 San'in) side.
The region was established as one of the Gokishichidō (Five provinces and seven roads) during the Asuka period (538-710), and consisted of the following eight ancient provinces: Harima, Mimasaka, Bizen, Bitchū, Bingo, Aki, Suō and Nagato. However, this system gradually disappeared by the Muromachi period (1333-1467).
The San'yōdō, however,
continued to be important, and highly trafficked through the Edo period (1603-1867). Running mostly east-west, its eastern terminus, along with those of most of the medieval highways (街道, kaidō), was at Kyoto. From there it ran west through Fushimi, Yodo, Yamazaki, and Hyōgo; from there it followed the coast of the Seto Inland Sea to Hagi, near Shimonoseki, the western terminus of both the San'yōdō and the San'indō, and very near the westernmost end of the island of Honshū. It ran a total of roughly 145 ri (approx. 350 miles).
As might be expected,
the road served an important strategic and logistical role in a number of military situations over the course of the years. Emperor Go-Daigo in the 14th century, Toyotomi Hideyoshi in the 16th century, and many others used it to flee from conflict, to return to the core of the country (kinai), or to move troops. Many daimyō also used this road as part of their mandatory journeys (sankin kotai) to Edo under the Tokugawa shogunate. The road also served the more everyday purpose of providing transport for merchants, traveling entertainers, pilgrims and other commoners.
The modern national highway, Route 2, the San'yō Expressway, and the San'yō Main Line of the West Japan Railway Company, follow the approximate route of the San'yōdō.
- source : wikipedia

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京都 - 西宮（山崎通り　Yamazakidori ）- Yamazaki Kaido 山崎街道
Starting in Kyoto.
The part from Kyoto to Yamazaki is called called
唐街道 Kara Kaido

Often used for Sankin Kotai to avoid Osaka.

- six postal stations along the road

山崎宿（大山崎町・島本町） - Yamazaki
芥川宿（高槻市）- Akutagawa
郡山宿（茨木市）- Koriyama
瀬川宿（箕面市）- Segawa
昆陽宿（伊丹市）- Koya
西宮宿（西宮市）- Nishinomiya

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- A small by-road from Nishinomiya to 宝塚Takarazuka is called
Nishinomiya Kaido 西宮街道 Nishinomiya Highway
The last station is called
Kohama juku 小浜宿 Kohama

This road was also called
Uma Kaido 馬街道 "road for the horses"

Along the road were some famous spots :

Mukogawa 武庫川 river Mukogawa
Iwashizu Jinja 伊和志津神社 Shrine
Heirinji 平林寺 Temple Heirin-Ji
Takarazuka Jinja 宝塚神社 Shrine
Monkoten Jinja, Monko Tenjin Sha, (Monto Tenjin Sha) 門戸天神社 Shrine

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The Saigoku Kaido 西国街道 Highway to the Western Provinces
from 西宮 Nichinomiya to 下関 Shimonoseki

- 50 postal stations along the road

-- 京都東寺 - 起点 - starting station Kyoto Temple To-Ji
01 山崎（大山崎町・島本町）- Yamazaki
-2 芥川（高槻市） - Akutagawa
03 郡山（茨木市）- Koriyama
04 瀬川（箕面市）- Segawa (能勢街道との結節点)
05 昆陽（伊丹市）- Koya
06 西宮（西宮市）- Nishinomiya

07 大蔵谷（明石市）- Okuradani
08 加古川（加古川市）- Kakogawa
09 御着（姫路市) - Gochaku
10 姫路（姫路市）- Himeji
11 正條（たつの市）- Shojo
12 片島（たつの市）- Katashima
13 有年（赤穂市）- Yunen
14 三石（備前市）- Mitsuishi
15 片上（備前市）- Katakami
16 藤井（岡山市）- Fujii
17 岡山（岡山市）- Okayama
18 板倉（岡山市）- Itakura
19 川辺（倉敷市）- Kawabe

20 矢掛（矢掛町）- Yakake
21 七日市（井原市）- Nanukaichi
22 高屋（井原市）- Takaya
23 神辺（福山市）- Kannabe
24 今津（福山市）- Imazu
25 尾道（尾道市）- Onomichi
26 三原（三原市）- Mihara
27 本郷（三原市）- Hongo
28 四日市（東広島市） Yokkaichi - (also called 西条 Saijo)
29 海田市（海田町）- Kaitaichi

30 広島（広島市）- Hiroshima
31 廿日市（廿日市市）- Hatsukaichi
32 玖波（大竹市）- Kuba
33 関戸（岩国市）- Sekido
34 玖珂（岩国市）- Kuga
35 高森（岩国市）- Takamori
36 今市（周南市）- Imaichi
37 呼坂（周南市）- Yobisaka
38 久保市（下松市）- Kuboichi
39 花岡（下松市）- Hanaoka

40 徳山（周南市）- Tokuyama
41 福川（周南市）- Fukugawa
42 富海（防府市）- Tonomi
43 宮市（防府市）- Miyaichi
44 小郡（山口市）- Ogori
45 山中（宇部市）- Yamanaka
46 船木（宇部市）- Funaki
47 厚狭市（山陽小野田市）- Asaichi
48 吉田（下関市）- Yoshida
49 小月（下関市）- Ozuki
50 長府（下関市）- Chofu
-- 下関（下関市） - - final station - Shimonoseki

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- - - - - Connecting Kyoto with Osaka

京街道 Kyo Kaido - 大坂街道 Osaka Kaido
Also connected to the 東海道 Tokaido　Highway。

Chugoku Kaido 中国街道 / 中国路 Chugoku ji / Chugoku Hama Kaido 浜街道
From the center of Osaka 大坂城下高麗橋 connecting to the 西国街道 Saigoku Kaido.
via 難波橋 Naniwabashi,
十三の渡し Juso no watashi,
神崎の渡し Kanzaki no watashi,
大物浦 Daimono Ura,
尼崎城下 Amagasaki castle town
. hamakaido, hama kaido 浜街道 coastal roads, "road along the beach" .

. 京街道　Kyōkaidō　- Kyo Kaido Kyoto Highway .
an old name for the Osaka Kaido.

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. Tokugawa michi 徳川道 Road for Tokugawa .
A branch road of the Sanyodo.
Starting from present day 灘区御影石町 Kobe, Nada ward, Mikage-Ishimachi
back to the Sanyodo at
present day 明石市大蔵谷 Hyogo, Akashi city, Okuradani

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. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

.................................................................................　Aichi 愛知県
知多郡 Chita district / 中国道 Chugoku do Road

. Kōbō Daishi Kūkai 弘法大師　空海 - 伝説　 Kobo Daishi Kukai Legends .
migawari Daishi 身代わり大師 Kobo Daishi substitutes for us

Once a man was on his way home from a trip to the Ise Shrine. On the 中国道 Chugoku road a truck came the wrong way, hit his car and he was thrown out. He climbed out of his car and checked his body for injuries, but he did not even have a small scratch.
When he came home and checked his pocket, he found an amulet of Kobo Daishi substituting for humans - that has helped him !

.................................................................................　Okayama 岡山県

- - - - - Legends from the essay 旧山陽道周辺の山伏寺
(Temples for Yamabushi mountain priests along the old Sanyodo Road)
by 中山薫 Nakayama Kaoru

.......................................................................
吉備郡 Kibi district 足守町 Ashimori town

. kitsune densetsu 狐と伝説 fox legends .

At many temples where Yamabushi come to practise, they perform rituals to protect people from illness or misfortune.
Often malicious foxes are responsible for this.
At the temple 神福寺 Shinpuku-Ji there is a fox revered as
. ushirogami ウシロ神 Kami in the back .
who can also help to protect people

- - - - - Ushirogami 後神 / ウシロ神 "behind spirit"
- quote -
Ushirogami looks like a ghost with long black hair, and a large single eyeball located on the top of its head. It doesn't have feet, but instead has a long, twisting body which allows it to leap high into the air.
... Ushirogami is thought to be a kind of okubyogami — a spirit that causes cowardice, or that specifically targets cowardly people. Its name comes from the words ushiro (behind) and kami (spirit).
However, there is a hidden pun in its name: ushirogami also means the hair on the back of your neck, and the phrase ushirogami wo hikikaeru (to have the hairs on the back of your neck pulled) means to do something with painful reluctance. It describes a person who has to do something that they really don't want to do. As they search for some way out of it, they turn around and look behind them as if the hairs in the back of their head were being metaphorically pulled. The pun is that the ushirogami (spirit) is pulling on your ushirogami (hair), causing you to become cowardly and not want to do something. You turn around to see who pulled your hair, but there is no one back there. Thus the ushirogami can be explained as both an external entity which causes fear, or as the internal personification of your own cowardice or reluctance.
- source : yokai.com/ushirogami... -

.......................................................................
井原市 Ibara 東江原 Higashiebara

. Tengu 天狗と伝説 Tengu legends "Long-nosed Goblin" .

At the Yamabushi Temple 福寿院 Fukuju-In they perform byooki kitoo 病気祈祷 rituals to ward off illness.
People bewitched by a fox also come here for help.
At the graveyard of the temple a Tengu is venerated, there is even a special 天狗腰掛の松 pine tree where the Tengu comes to sit.

..............................................................................................................................................
Mukogawa 武庫川 River Mukogawa / Hyogo 兵庫県

- quote -
... The Muko River originates at Mount Shirakami (白髪山 Shirakami-yama) in the Tanba Highland. It flows through the Sanda Basin, and creates the Mukogawa Keikoku Ravine between Sanda and Takarazuka. It continues into Osaka Plain at Takarazuka, and flows in the Osaka Metropolitan Area to create the borders between Takarazuka and Itami as well as between Nishinomiya and Amagasaki. This river flows into Osaka Bay, and was used to transport the Kohama style of sake from the Kohama-juku (小浜宿) in Amagasaki Domain of Settsu Province during the Edo period. ...
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

- - - - -

hotaru 蛍 fireflies along the river Mukogawa
The fireflies along the river Mukogawa are said to be the "demon fires" in memory of the Samurai 明智光秀 Akechi Mitsuhide and his family.

. onibi 鬼火 / kika キカ "demon fire", "devil's fire" .
. Akechi Mitsuhide 明智光秀 (1528 - 1582) .
. hotaru 蛍 firefly legends .

- - - - -

obame オバメ ghostly fire
Near the river 武庫川 Mukogawa there is 石塚 a stone mound with the inscription Kameido no Hokora 亀井戸の社 "Shrine of Kameido".
In former times criminals were executed there (ishikozume 石子詰め) by burring them in the ground with the head sticking out.
On summer nights a ghostly fire is flickering above this stone.

- - - - -

rooshoo 老樟 the old camphor tree
At the bank of the river 武庫川 Mukogawa there is an old camphor tree with two main trunks.
If someone cuts it down, there will be a large fire and the man will be cursed.
During some repairs to the riverside the tree was cut down. The man who did it broke his nokogiri 鋸 saw and he developed a high fever.

. kusu no ki 樟の木 camphor tree, Cinnamomum camphora .

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Takarazuka 宝塚 Hyogo 兵庫県

takara zuka 寶塚 a mound full of treasures
This name refers to the treasures burried by Jingu Kogo. If people find something worth picking up on this mountain, they will be lucky.

. Empress Jingu Kogo 神功皇后 / 神宮皇后 .
AD 170 - 269, Regent from 201 - 269

- - - - -

- quote -
This town has a long history.
In 825, the Sumiyoshi Shrine was built.
Between 1492 and 1500: Kohama town was established as a temple town for Koushou-ji.
- Now it is best known for the Takarazuka Grand Theatre (宝塚大劇場 Takarazuka Dai Gekijō)
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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ryuume 竜馬 "dragon horse"
Minamoto no Mitsunaka 源満仲 (912 - 997) had been asked by 竜女 Ryujo, a Dragon Lady, to kill a daija 大蛇 huge serpent.
As a reward he got a ryuuma 竜馬 "dragon horse" with horns.
Its skull is buried at the temple 普明寺 Fumyo-Ji. The bones are useful for amagoi 雨乞い rain rituals.

. amagoi 雨乞いと伝説 Legends about rain rituals / Regenzauber .

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. ryuujin 竜神 /龍神と伝説 Ryujin, Legends about the Dragon Deity .
To perform amagoi 雨乞い rain rituals, the head of ushi 牛 a bull is offered on the side where the waterfall comes down at the ryuujin-iwa 龍神岩 Dragon-God Boulder.
The fresh blood of the animal falls down along the boulder.
If the Dragon God feels the blood, he gets angry and makes rain to fall and storm to blow.

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- reference : nichibun yokai database -
山陽道 / 中国道 / 武庫川 / 宝塚

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. Sanin Kaido 山陰街道 Sanin Highway, San'in Highway .
San'indō 山陰道 Sanin-Do, Sanindo / そとものみち Sotomono Michi
"in the shade of the mountains"

. kaidoo 街道と伝説 Legends about the old Kaido highways .

. Kaido 街道 Highways - ABC Index .

. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo　江戸の名所 .

. Edo bakufu 江戸幕府 The Edo Government .

. Doing Business in Edo - 商売　- Introduction .

. shokunin 職人 craftsman, craftsmen, artisan, Handwerker .

. senryu, senryū 川柳　Senryu poems in Edo .

. Japanese Architecture - The Japanese Home .

. Interior Design - The Japanese Home .

. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

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