16 Jan 2020

EDO - Bungo Kaido highway

https://edoflourishing.blogspot.com/2019/12/bungo-kaido-highway.html

Bungo Kaido Highway

[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
. Kaido 街道 Highways - ABC Index .
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Bungo Kaido 豊後街道 Bungo Highway

Connecting 熊本 Kumamoto city with 鶴崎 Tsurusaki in Oita.
About 124 km long. Now mostly National Highway 57.
In former times it took 5 days from Kumamoto to the harbour of Tsurusaki, and from there by ship on to Edo.

source : kusennjyu.exblog.jp...

Higo no Kuni Kumamoto 肥後国熊本 (present-day Kumamoto city)
Bungo no Kuni Tsurusaki 豊後国鶴崎 (present-day in Oita city)

Also called
Bungo Okan 豊後往還 Bungo Road / Higo Okan 肥後往還 Higo road

Built mostly by 加藤清正 Kato Kiyomasa for Sankin Kotai of 熊本藩 the Kumamoto domain
and 岡藩 the Oka domain (located in Oita).
The part leading from Oita to 肥後国 Higo no Kuni (Kumamoto) was called
Higo Kaido 肥後街道 Higo Highway.

. Kato Kiyomasa 加藤清正 (1562 - 1611) .

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- stations on the road -
Kumamoto castle, Fuda no Tsuji 熊本城の札の辻
大津 Ozu (菊池郡 Kikuchi district)
内牧 Uchinomaki
白丹 Shirani
久住 Kuju
境川 Sakaigawa
追分 Oiwake
上野 Ueno
神堤 Kamitsutsumi
今市 Imaichi
野津原 Notsuhara
木上 Kinoe
八幡田 Hachimanda
津守 Tsumori
萩原 Hagiwara
鶴崎 Tsurusaki

Kumamoto Prefecture
Starting Location: Kumamoto Castle (熊本城) (Kumamoto)
1. Ōzu-shuku (大津宿) (Ōzu, Kikuchi District)
2. Uchinomaki-shuku (内牧宿) (Aso)
3. Sakanashi-shuku (坂梨宿) (Aso)

Ōita Prefecture
4. Kujū-shuku (久住宿) (Taketa)
5. Imaichi-shuku (今市宿) (Ōita)
6. Notsuhara-shuku (野津原宿) (Ōita)
Ending Location: Port of Tsurusaki (鶴崎港) (Ōita)

野津原 Notsuhara

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The part from Kumamoto to Ozu was called
Ozu Kaido 大津街道 Ozu Highway.

The part from 大津町 Ozu town to 阿蘇市 Aso city was called
Seisho Kodo 清正公道（せいしょこどう）Road of Kiyomasa

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- - - - - Kumamoto no Ishitatami no Michi 石畳の道 old roads with stone pavement

At some parts of the old road there are still 石畳 stone pavements and 杉並木 roads lined with cedar trees.
The stone pavement was usually 3.8 m wide and sometimes lasted for more than 500 m.

Bentenzaka no ishitatami 弁天坂石畳 Benten slope
About 3.7 m wide and 80 m long. Built in 1807, taking 4 years.
Now there is a favorite promenade called 弁天坂の石畳.

Futae no Toge 二重峠 Futae Pass stone pavement

Imaichi no ishitatami 今市の石畳
野津原町今市の石畳 Notsuhara town Imaichi no ishitatami
About 8.5 m wide and 660 m long.
. . . CLICK here for Photos !

Sakanashi 坂梨 "no slope"
There was a postal station in Sakanashi.
From Sakanashi Sekisho 坂梨関所 the barrier station up to the slope of the outer ring of the mountain the pavement was 3 km long.
At the top of the slope was a Shrine, 護法社 Gosama ごうさま」.
- - - The Sakanashi clan 坂梨氏
阿蘇大宮司族 . High Priests at the Aso Shrine.
. Aso jinja 阿蘇神社 Aso Shrine .

Sakai no Matsuzaka ishitatami 境ノ松坂石畳
About 2.3 m wide and 200 m long. The stones are now covered with moss.
From here it is not far to the border of Oita. It was the last difficult pass in Higo.

stone pavement at Takimurozaka slope 滝室坂石畳
. . . CLICK here for Photos !

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hyakken ishigaki 百閒石垣 stone wall of 100 ken length
at Kumamoto castle, about 180 long.

The Samurai 山東弥源太 Santo Yagenta jumped down this wall to his death when he realized his life was lost during the fight.

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- quote -
- - - - - The Hosokawa clan 細川氏 - - - - -
The Hosokawa of Kokura (later Kumamoto) became the "main" line of the Hosokawa clan during the Edo period. Hosokawa Gracia, the wife of Hosokawa Tadaoki, was one of the most famous samurai converts to Christianity; she was also the daughter of Akechi Mitsuhide.
The Hosokawa sided with Tokugawa Ieyasu against Ishida Mitsunari during the decisive Sekigahara Campaign, and thus were made fudai (inside) daimyō under the Tokugawa shogunate. They were given Higo Province, with an income of 540,000 koku, as their han (fief).
Hosokawa Tadatoshi, the third lord of Kumamoto, was the patron of the swordsman Miyamoto Musashi.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

旧細川刑部邸 mansion of 細川興孝 Lord Hosokawa Okitaka
. . . CLICK here for Photos !

細川コレクション　永青文庫展示室 Hosokawa art collection museum
. . . CLICK here for Photos !

一夜塘（いちやども）Ichiyadomo Embankment to prevent flooding
. . . CLICK here for Photos !
Constructed in 1796 by 細川斉茲 Lord Hosokawa Narishige. The stone wall of about 70 length is still there.
If this embankment would break, the town of Kumamoto would be flooded "in one night" (ichiya 一夜).

武蔵塚公園 Musashizuka Koen - Miyamoto Musashi Park and memorial mound
Tatsuda yuge, Kita Ward, Kumamoto
To pray for the safe travel of Sankin Kotai to Edo by the Hosokawa clan.
Inscription : 新免武蔵居士石塔
. . . CLICK here for Photos !

上井手 Kami-Ide, Uwaide, Uwa-Ide / Kamiide
An irrigation canal of about 24 km length to prevent flooding from the river 白川.
Built by Kiyomasa, 細川忠利 Hosokawa Tadatoshi and 光尚 Hosokasa Mitsutoshi.
Uwaide became a postal station for the Hosokawa clan.
. . . CLICK here for Photos !

波奈之丸（なみなしまる）Naminashimaru
official ship for Sankin Kotai, stationed ad Tsurusaki.
. . . CLICK here for Photos !

鉄砲小路 Teppo Koji Road where the 鉄砲衆 gunmen lived
About 4 ml long, now national road nr. 311.
Built in 1635 by 細川忠利 Hosokawa Tadatoshi.
. . . CLICK here for Photos !

泰勝寺 Temple Taisho-Ji
remains of the Bodai-Ji 菩提寺 family temple of the Hosokawa clan
. . . CLICK here for Photos !

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熊本城本丸御殿 Kumamoto castle palace
. . . CLICK here for Photos !

立田口赤鳥居 red Torii gate at Tatsutaguchi
at the Shrine 立田口大神宮 Tatsutaguchi Daijingu / 竜田口 Tatsudaguchi
Tsuboi, Chuo Ward, Kumamoto
. . . CLICK here for Photos !

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鼻ぐり井手 Hanaguri Ide canal

The Hanaguri Ide is a specially constructed 387-meter canal in Kikuyō, Kumamoto, Japan, which lets water flow into the downstream without depositing the mixed ash. The Aso area from which water flows is rich in such ash, volcanic in nature.
Built around 1608 by Kato Kiyomasa.

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円通庵（芭蕉塚）Entsu-An and Mound for 芭蕉 Matsuo Basho
built in 1793 to commemorate the Haiku poet.
. . . CLICK here for Photos !

光尊寺 Temple Kosen-Ji
Built in 1652. With a stone brige at the entrance, built in 1815.
. . . CLICK here for Photos !

的石の御茶屋 Matoishi Tea House
Used during Sankin Kotai as a rest place. with a beautiful large park.
. . . CLICK here for Photos !

的石 Matoishi "the Target Rock"
The deity of Aso Shrine 健磐龍命 Tateiwatatsu no Mikoto used this rock to practise with bow and arrow, standing on 往生岳 Mount Ojodake, one of the five mountains of Aso.
The arrows were collected by 鬼八（きはち) Kihachi. Once Kihachi was not fast enough to bring the 100 arrows and the angry Deity cut off his head. Kihachi took revenge by blowing frost over the land, and the harvest was lost.
The shrine 霜宮 Shimomiya was built in his honor.
. 霜宮 Shimomiya . Shimo Jinja 　霜神社 "Frost Shrine".

- extensive reference with photos - kumanago .jp -

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- quote
Bungo Province (豊後国, Bungo no kuni)
was a province of Japan in eastern Kyūshū in the area of Ōita Prefecture. It was sometimes called Hōshū (豊州), with Buzen Province.
Bungo bordered Buzen, Hyūga, Higo, Chikugo, and Chikuzen Provinces.
- - - - - History
At the end of the 7th century, Toyo Province was split into Buzen (literally, "the front of Toyo") and Bungo ("the back of Toyo"). Until the Heian period, Bungo was read as Toyokuni no Michi no Shiri.
It is believed that the capital of Bungo was located in Furugō (古国府), literally "old capital," section of the city of Ōita, but as of 2016 no archaeological evidence has been found.
The honor of the holiest Shinto shrine of Bungo Province (豊前一宮, Buzen ichinomiya) was given to Usa Shrine known as Usa Hachimangu or Usa Jingu in Usa district (today Usa, Ōita). Usa shrine had not only religious authority but also political influence to local governance, but their influence was reduced until the Sengoku period.
During the Sengoku period,
in the middle of the 16th century, Bungo was a stronghold of the Ōtomo clan. The Ōuchi clan in the western Chūgoku Region was influenced to Buzen politics. In the middle of the period, both clans declined. After Toyotomi Hideyoshi also took the power in Kyūshū, 120 thousand koku of Buzen province was given to Kuroda Yoshitaka since 1587, who made Kokura, currently part of Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, his site and built the castle. Other parts of the province were divided into pieces and given to other daimyōs.
In the year 1600
the Dutch ship piloted by the Englishman Will Adams foundered on Bungo's coast. When Shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu interviewed Adams, his suspicions were confirmed that the Jesuits, who had been allowed to operate in Japan since the 1540s, were intent on gaining control of the country. When the time was right, in 1614, Ieyasu banished all Christian activity. Thus, Adams' landing in Bungo proved significant to the nation's subsequent history.This series of historic events was the basis of the 1975 book Shogun, and the 1980 miniseries of the same name.
In the Meiji period,
the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures. Maps of Japan and Bungo Province were reformed in the 1870s.
- source : wikipedia

- Historical districts -
Amabe District (海部郡)
Hayami District (速見郡)
Hita District (日高郡)
Kusu District (球珠郡)
Kunisaki District (国埼郡)
Naoiri District (直入郡)
Ōno District (大野郡)
Ōita District (大分郡)

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- quote -
Higo Province (肥後国, Higo no kuni)
was an old province of Japan in the area that is today Kumamoto Prefecture on the island of Kyūshū.
t was sometimes called Hishū (肥州), with Hizen Province. Higo bordered on Chikugo, Bungo, Hyūga, Ōsumi, and Satsuma Provinces.
- - - - - History
The castle town of Higo was usually at Kumamoto City.
During the Muromachi period, Higo was held by the Kikuchi clan, but they were dispossessed during the Sengoku period, and the province was occupied by neighboring lords, including the Shimazu clan of Satsuma, until Toyotomi Hideyoshi invaded Kyūshū and gave Higo to his retainers, first Sassa Narimasa and later Katō Kiyomasa. The Kato were soon stripped of their lands, and the region was given to the Hosokawa clan.
During the Sengoku Period,
Higo was a major center for Christianity in Japan, and it is also the location where Miyamoto Musashi stayed at the Hosokawa daimyō's invitation while completing his The Book of Five Rings.
In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures. Maps of Japan and Higo Province were reformed in the 1870s. At the same time, the province continued to exist for some purposes.
For example, Higo is explicitly recognized in treaties in 1894 (a) between Japan and the United States and (b) between Japan and the United Kingdom.
- source : wikipedia -

- Historical districts -
Akita District (飽田郡)
Amakusa District (天草郡)
Ashikita District (葦北郡)
Aso District (阿蘇郡)
Gōshi District (合志郡)
Kikuchi District (菊池郡)
Kuma District (球磨郡)
Mashiki District (益城郡)
Takuma District (託麻郡)
Tamana District (玉名郡)
Uto District (宇土郡)
. Yamaga 山鹿 .
Yamamoto District (山本郡)
Yatsushiro District (八代郡)

- quote -
The Kikuchi clan (菊池氏, Kikuchi-shi) of Higo Province
was a powerful daimyō family of Higo, Kyūshū. The lineage was renowned for valiant service in defense of the emperor and against foreign invaders. They first distinguished itself during the Jürchen invasion of northern Kyūshū in 1019 and rose to prominence during the Mongol invasions of Japan, when the heroism of Kikuchi Takefusa helped drive back the enemy.
The Kikuchi were active in the Kenmu Restoration (1333-1336), an attempt by the emperor Go-Daigo to reassert imperial authority against the Kamakura shogunate.

Kikuchi Noritaka / Fujiwara no Noritaka 藤原則隆 - Heian period
Kikuchi Jirō Takefusa (菊池次郎武房) (1245 – 1285)
Kikuchi Yuriko (1505–1554) - The last and 26th head of the Kikuchi Clan ...
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

菊池一族 The Kikuchi Clan
阿蘇品保夫 Asoshina Yasuo

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. Satsuma Kaido 薩摩街道 Satsuma Highway .

Bungo Kaido (this page)

. Buzen Kaido 豊前街道 Buzen Highway .

. Hyuga Kaido 日向街道 Hyuga Highway .

. Miike Kaido 三池街道 / Miike Okan 三池往還 Miike Road . - Kumamoto

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. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

豊後国直入地方の民間伝承 Legends from the Naoiri region of Bungo.
長山源雄　Nagayama Motoo

.................................................................................　Oita 大分県
直入郡 Naoiri district 柏原村 Kashiwara village

sakana 魚 fish
Once upon a time
a man from the hamlet Hiroto caught a large fish at the riverside 黒太郎淵 Kurotarobuchi.
He wanted to carry it home in the net when he heard a voice from the river and the fish answered.
Afraid the man hung the net on a pine tree and run away as fast as he could.

.................................................................................　Kumamoto 熊本県
菊池郡 Kikuchi district 大津町 Ozu town

. amagoi 雨乞いと伝説 Legends about rain rituals / Regenzauber .
At the Shrine in 肥後の真木村 Maki village in Higo the main festival is on the 15th day of the 10th lunar month.
Even if the day starts out fine, there will be a lot of rain later on.
If the day starts with clouds, there will be no rain later on.

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- reference : nichibun yokai database -

. Edo, Tokyo　江戸 - 東京 - 伝説 Legends Index .
26 豊後国 (01)
66 豊後

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14 Jan 2020

MINGEI - usu kinu mortar mallet

https://omamorifromjapan.blogspot.com/2020/01/usu-kinu-mortar-mallet.html

usu kinu mortar mallet

[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .
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usu to kinu 臼と杵 mortar and mallet / pestle

Different types of USU 臼

. mochitsuki 餅つき pounding rice .
with a large stone mortar and mallet

. mochi 餅と伝説 Legends about rice cakes .

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. Matsuo Basho .

寒菊や粉糠のかかる臼の端
kangiku ya ko nuka no kakaru usu no hata

Winter Chrysanthemums !
Coated with falling rice bran
From the hand-mill nearby.
- Tr. Oseko -

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- ABC - List of mortar and mallet from the Prefectures

................................................................................ Kanagawa

wooden souvenirs from Mount Oyama 大山みやげ
Isehara city and Odawara city 伊勢原市・小田原市
- reference : asahi net gang/gang_kiji kanagawa -

................................................................................ Miyagi 宮城県

Made as miniature items for girls to play and practise kitchen work.
Well loved as souvenirs from a stay at a hot spring.

宮城県鳴子温泉 Naruko Onsen
With a chrysanthemum pattern. 8 cm high.

宮城県弥治郎 Yajiro
With striped patterns from the Yajiro kokeshi dolls. 29 cm high.

- reference : asahi net gang/gang_kiji -

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. gangu 玩具　伝説, omochcha おもちゃ toy, toys and legends .
- Introduction -

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. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

................................................................................. Kyoto 京都府
北桑田郡 Kita-Kuwada district 美山町 Miyama town

yamanba 山姥 old mountain hag
In the morning of the 15th day of the first lunar month, the old mountain hag floats mochi 餅 rice cakes down the river.
If people eat these Mochi, they will be strong and healthy.
If the mountain hag makes Mochi on the 14th day, she uses a mortar and mallet made from 松 pine wood and thus the rice cakes have 松の香 a taste of pine.

................................................................................. Nagano 長野県

- folk belief -
Coming back from a funeral, people put the mortar and mallet outside the entrance of the home and hit the mortar two or three times.
After that they can go into the house.
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飯田市 Iida city

kinugazuka 杵が塚 mount for the mallet
Once the grandfather of 餅屋 a mochi shop made a mistake and hit grandma so strong she fell into the mortar and died.
Grandfather was extremely sad. He burried the mortar and mallet together with grandma in a grave and planted a cherry tree on it.
Once there came a yamabushi 山伏 mountain priest and stayed at the mochi shop over night. He killed grandfather and fled with the money.
The neighbours felt sympathy for the old couple and burried grandfather in the same grave as grandma under the cherry tree.

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- reference : nichibun yokai database 妖怪データベース -
03 臼と杵 - OK
25 臼　餅 (00)
319 臼 (also used in place names)
292 杵 (also used in place names)

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. Join the MINGEI group on facebook ! .

. Regional Folk Toys from Japan .

. Japan - Shrines and Temples .

. Tohoku after the BIG earthquake March 11, 2011

[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]
[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
- - - #usu #kinu #mortar #pestle #mochi #poundingrice #gangu - - - - -
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11 Jan 2020

LEGENDS - Kappa Jizo

https://kappapedia.blogspot.com/2015/01/kappa-jizo.html

Kappa Jizo

source : Rob on facebook

Inspired by this photo by Rob on facebook !

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. Japanese Legends - 伝説　民話　昔話 – ABC-List .

.......................................................................................... Fukuoka 福岡県
鞍手郡 Kurate district

In front of 地蔵堂 the Jizo Hall there is a huge rock.
Once a Kappa, who wanted to steal the horse of the Lord, was kicked by it and caught. He had to swear he would not do it again and write this on a piece of paper.
The paper was buried in the ground below this rock.

.......................................................................................... Nagano 長野県

カワランベ Kawaranbe, local name for Kappa
Near the river crossing in Kiso there was a Kappa coming out with a suribachi 擂鉢 mortar on his head.
A bit further downriver was a rock called abura-ishi アブラ石 "fat rock) and many people came here to kill themselves.
When they carved the feature of Jizo Bosatsu in the rock, people stopped coming.

.......................................................................................... Niigata 新潟県
北蒲原郡 Kita-Kanbara district

Villagers were much troubled by a Kappa pulling children into the river.
So they put a stone statue of Jizo near the river bank and prayed to it.
Since then the trouble stopped and people called the stone statue
河童地蔵 Kappa Jizo.

.......................................................................................... Oita 大分県
佐伯市 Saiki city

Once upon a time 金田家 the Kanada family had a Jizo statue in front of their home. This place had been a swamp, where Kappa and ghosts used to come out.
When they put up the Jizo statue and prayed to it, nothing bad happened any more. Jizo would hide the children under his robes if a wicked Kappa showed up.

.......................................................................................... Tottori 鳥取県

If there was a place with a lot of damage by a Kappa, people placed a stone statue of Jizo nearby and prayed to it.
Once a strong Samurai came past and killed the Kappa, later praying to it as Jizo. The statue was soon called
河童地蔵 Kappa Jizo.

.......................................................................................... Yamaguchi 山口県

The Kappa in the river often killed people, so the villagers caught it.
He had to promise not to do any more harm until the bottom of the stone Jizo would rot away.

.......................................................................................... Yamanashi 山梨県
下部町 Shimobe town

wankashibuchi 椀貸淵 "river pool for trays and bowls"
The お地蔵淵 Jizo River Pool is also called 巴淵 Tomoegafuchi.
At the bottom under a rock there lives a Kappa. If the villagers had a meeting with many people they came here to ask for trays and bowls.
Once they forgot to bring them back and Kappa got angry, never lending them any more.

. Zenwanbuchi 膳椀淵 "river pool for trays and bowls" .

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- reference : Nichibun Yokai Database -

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. . . CLICK here for Photos !

- reference -

. Jizo Bosatsu (Kshitigarbha) 地蔵菩薩 .
- Introduction -

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Kappaishi 河童石 Kappa Stone
Nagasaki - Suijin-Sha 水神社 Shrine of the Water Deity

. Kappa ishi 河童石 Kappa stone legends .

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. - - - Join my Kappa friends on facebook ! - - - .

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EDO - Tonogayato Garden Kaido

Edo - the EDOPEDIA -

Tonogayato Garden Kaido

Posted: 09 Jan 2020 08:49 PM PST

[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
. Famous Places and Power spots of Edo　江戸の名所 .
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Tonogayato Teien 殿ヶ谷戸庭園 Tonogayato Garden, Park
6 Chome-69-30 Nishi-Sunacho, Tachikawa, Tokyo

- reference : 庭園へ行こう > 殿ヶ谷戸庭園 -

- quote
Tonogayato Garden (殿ヶ谷戸庭園, Tonogayato Teien)
is a traditional Japanese garden located in Kokubunji, Tokyo. Its name comes from the region's old name, Tonogayato, Kokubunji village. The garden covers an area of 21,124 square metres (5.2 acres).
- - - - - History
The garden was laid out between 1913-15 in the grounds of a villa built for Eguchi Teijo, the Vice-President of the Manchurian Railway, who was a senior director of the Mitsubishi group. In 1929, the garden was purchased by the founder of Mitsubishi, Iwasaki Yatarō, who completed it as a circular style garden with a tea house. It was used as a villa for the Iwasaki Family. In response to a plan to develop the area for other uses, local residents started a campaign to preserve the garden. The Tokyo Metropolitan Government eventually purchased it in 1974 and opened it to the public in 1979. In 1998, the Tonogayato Garden was designated as a Place of Scenic Beauty by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government.
- - - - - Features
The garden is centered on a pond and uses the natural terrain of the Musashino Plateau by incorporating the valleys found in the terrace cliffs into its design. The highlight is the strikingly different types of landscape: a scenic spacious lawn on the top, steep slopes, a pond with waterfalls and bamboo forest at the bottom. There is a depression in the pond containing a natural spring called Jiro Benten that provides large quantities of fresh water. Water that runs off the cliff is a part of the source of the Nogawa River.
A tea house called Koyo-tei is also situated in the gardens.
- more in the wikipedia

. . . CLICK here for Photos !

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- quote -
３．五日市街道沿いに、西砂町宮沢交差点近く。
五日市街道に交差する道は、北側が「殿ヶ谷街道」 Tonogaya Kaido
昔は、
殿ヶ谷戸という地名は、小字（こあざ）名で、丸山も含めたこの辺一帯の地名だった。谷戸（やと）という地名からすると丸山と小高い殿ヶ谷戸庭園の（国分寺）崖線との中間地帯のイメージだが、小字名としての殿ヶ谷戸は範囲が広く、そのため、地図では丸山の反対側にある長谷戸の北にある縄文遺跡の発掘地も「とのがや遺跡」と呼ばれている。
その「とのがや遺跡」
の発見時の話しが国分寺市の「ふるさと国分寺のあゆみ」という本に掲載されている。1894年（明治27年）に「東京人類学会雑誌」という雑誌に発表された論文では「遺跡の位置」を「東京から来てレールの左側の「ひよどり越え」あるいは「とのが谷」といわれている場所」としていた。ちなみにこの地に中央線が開通したのは明治22年である。
- reference source : green.ap.teacup.com/kisuge -

殿ヶ谷街道 Tonogaya Kaido Highway
殿ヶ谷の道 Tonogaya no michi

- 西砂川 Nishi-Suna - 殿ヶ谷街道 - photos

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Iwasaki Yataro 岩崎弥太郎 Iwasaki Yatarō
(1834 - 1885)

- quote -
a Japanese financier and shipping industrialist, and the founder of Mitsubishi.
Iwasaki was born in a provincial farming family in Aki, Tosa province (now Kōchi Prefecture), the great-grandson of a man who had sold his family's samurai status in obligation of debts. Iwasaki began his career as an employee of the Yamauchi clan. The clan had business interests in many parts of Japan.
Iwasaki left for Edo (now Tokyo) aged nineteen for his education. He interrupted his studies a year later when his father was seriously injured in a dispute with the village headman. When the local magistrate refused to hear his case, Iwasaki accused him of corruption. Iwasaki was sent to prison for seven months. After his release, Iwasaki was without a job for a time before finding work as a teacher.
Returning to Edo,
he socialised with political activists and studied under the reformist Yoshida Toyo, who influenced him with ideas of opening and developing the then-closed nation through industry and foreign trade. Through Yoshida, he found work as a clerk for the Yamauchi government, and bought back his family's samurai status. He was promoted to the top position at the Yamauchi clan's trading office in Nagasaki, responsible for trading camphor oil and paper to buy ships, weapons, and ammunition. ...
Iwasaki became president of Mitsubishi in March 1870. ...
- more in the wikipedia -

岩崎弥太郎 by 立石優 Tateishi Yu (1935 - )

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10 Jan 2020

EDO - Hyuga Kaido Highway

https://edoflourishing.blogspot.com/2019/12/hyuga-kaido-highway.html

Hyuga Kaido Highway

[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
. Kaido 街道 Highways - ABC Index .
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Hyuga Kaido 日向街道 / Hyuga Okan 日向往還 Hyuga Highway
a part is also called
Bungo Michi 豊後道 Bungo road
From Oita via Miyazaki to Kagoshima.

日 means the sun // 向 means direction　- "facing the sun"

Miyazaki, 宮崎県, the former Hyuga province 日向国 was also called
日州（にっしゅう）Nisshu
向州（こうしゅう）Koshu

The part of the road running through Hyuga (Miyazaki) is the main part of this highway.

●府内○府内城○西寒多神社 Funai (Oita)
●小野市　Onoichi

●延岡 Nobeoka (Miyazaki)
●高千穂 Takachiho ○天岩戸神社○高千穂峡○高千穂神社 Shrine Takachiho Jinja
●国見ヶ丘 Kunimigaoka Hill
●日向岬 Hyuga Misaki
●美々津 Mimitsu town
●都農 Tsuno ○ 巨田神社 Shrine Kota Jinja
●佐土原 Sadowara
●宮崎 Miyazaki ○宮崎神宮○ 青島神社 Shrine Aoshima Jinja
●高岡 Takaoka
●都城 Miyakonojo city

●霧島 Kirishima ○ 霧島神宮 Shrine Kirishima Jingu (Kagoshima)
●牧之原 Makinohara city
●国分 Kokubun ○鹿児島神宮 Shrine Kagoshima Jingu
●加治木 Kajiki town ○ 仙巌園 Sengan-En
●鹿児島 Kagoshima

- - - Sengan-en is a Japanese garden attached to the former residence of the Shimazu clan in Kagoshima,

- map of Miyazaki prefecture -

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- The following source lists different places -

日向街道は - 総距離：211.5km about 211 km

大分 Oita
犬飼 Inukai
菅尾 Sugao
三重町 Miemachi town
三国峠 Mikuni Toge Pass
樫峰　/ 樫ヶ峰 Mount Kashigamine
宇目 Ume town
重岡 Shigeoka
梓峠 Azusa Toge Pass
北川 Kitagawa
日向長井 Hyuga-Nagai town
延岡 Nobeoka city
土々呂 Totoro town
日向市 Hyuga city
南日向 Minami-Hyuga town
美々津 Mimitsu town
都濃 Tsuno
高鍋 Takanabe
新富町 Shintomi town
本庄川 River Honjogawa
高岡 Takaoka
去川 River Sarukawa
雀ケ野 Suzumegano town　Miyazaki
石山 Ishiyama town

- reference source : blog.jinriki.info/kacchan... -

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高千穂と日向街道 Takachiho and Hyuga Kaido
安藤保 // 大賀郁夫

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- The following source lists different places -

日向街道は Hyuga Kaido is about 236 km.
山国橋 Yamakunibashi (吉富町広津)から佐土原 Sadowara (西都市現王島)までの約236kmの街道です。
- reference source : gpscycling.net/tokaido -

Yamakunibashi 山国橋（福岡県吉富町－大分県中津市） from Fukuoka, Yoshitomi town to Oita, Nakatsu city

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- The following source lists different places -

日向街道歩きコースプラン
コース - - - - - ハイライト・見所
1 門司港、小倉 - - - - - 門司港レトロ、小倉城 Mojiko, Kokura
2 苅田町与原～行橋、中津 - - - - - 旧飴屋門、中津城 .. Kanda town, Nakatsu
3 宇佐神宮周辺 - - - - - 本殿、南楼門、西大門、呉橋 Usa Jingu
4 豊後高田 - - - - - 昭和の街 Bungo Takada
5 中山香～田染 - - - - - 熊野磨崖仏 Nakayamaga- Tashibu
6 杵築の散策 - - - - - 杵築城、武家屋敷、坂道ウォ―ク Kitsuki
7 西鹿鳴越～豊後豊岡 - - - - - ザビエルの通った道 Nishi-Kanagoe
8 亀川～東別府 - - - - - 竹瓦温泉 Kamegawa - Higashi-Beppu
9 大分市街、中戸次 - - - - - 府内城、中戸次の町並み Oita city
10 臼杵、延岡、日向市 - - - - - 臼杵石仏、仁王座歴史の道 Usuki - Nobeoka - Hyuga city
11 美々津、西都市東米良 - - - - - 美々津の町並み、銀鏡神楽 Mimitsu

- reference source : kaidoaruki.com/area_kyusyu/hyuuga... -

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- quote -
Mimitsu History
Mimitsu is located at the mouth of the Mimi River in northern Miyazaki on the east coast of Kyushu. It is now administratively a part of Hyuga City, named after the old name of the province.
According to the ancient myths set down in Japan's oldest books, Kojiki and Nihongi,
Mimitsu is where the mythical first emperor of Japan, Jimmu, built a fleet and set sail to conquer central Japan and set up the Yamato Dynasty.
In historical times
Mimitsu became a thriving port servicing the trade between Kyushu and the central Japanese ports and trading centres of Osaka, Kobe and Kyoto.

With so many merchants, shipping agents and sea captains other people referred to "the thousand houses of Mimitsu", though that may have been an exaggeration.
- source : japanvisitor.com... -

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- The following long source lists different places -

日向往還（ひゅうがおうかん）Hyuga Okan
https://kumanago.jp/contents/yonkaido/map_hyuga_index.html

日向往還（ひゅうがおうかん）Hyuga Okan Road
熊本～日向・延岡 Road for the Sankin Kotai, from 熊本 Kumamoto via 日向 Hyuga to 延岡 Nobeoka, along the 九州山脈 Kyushu Mountain Range.
Also used for the trade of normal people, called
民の道 Tami no Michi.

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札の辻 Fuda no Tsuji (at Kumamoto castle)
Mifune-guchi 御船口
From here, 木山往還 the Kiyama Okan branches road off.
At the crossroads is a statue of Jizo Bosatsu.

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. Hōgyū Jizō 放牛地蔵 Hogyu Jizo, Kumamoto .
. . . . . stone statues made by Buddhist monk Hōgyū (around 1672-1732).

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六嘉神社 Shrine Rokka Jinja / 六嘉宮 Rokka-Gu
六嘉の獅子舞い famous for its lion dance during the annual festival in October.
. . . CLICK here for Photos !

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足手荒神 Ashite Kojin / 甲斐神社 Shrine Kai Jinja
Kamirokka, Kashima, Kamimashiki District
. . . CLICK here for Photos !
In memory of lord 甲斐宗運 Kai Soun (1515 - 1585), who got severe wounds in his legs and arms (足手 ashi te ).
Now people come here to pray for healing of their legs and arms.

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八勢目鑑橋　Yase Meganebashi bridge
. . . CLICK here for Photos !

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門前川橋（御船町）Monzenkawa Meakira Bridge (Mifune town)
. . . CLICK here for Photos !

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凱旋門 Gaisenmon gate (Mifune town)
. . . CLICK here for Photos !

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下鶴橋（御船町）Shimotsurubashi bridge (Mifune town)
. . . CLICK here for Photos !

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馬見原　Mamihara town
Yamato town, Kami-Mashiki District, Kumamoto

An important 宿場町 postal station of the Hyuga Highway. There were many pack horses to be seen, hence the name mami 馬見 horses to be seen.

馬見原橋 Mamiharabashi bridge
. . . CLICK here for Photos !

馬見原火伏地蔵堂 Mamihara Hibuse Jizo Hall
. . . CLICK here for Photos !
A large festival for fire prevention is held in August.

夫婦岩 Meoto-iwa rock for a couple
Near the 馬見原商店街 Shopping street of Mamihara
. . . CLICK here for Photos !

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通潤橋 Tsujunkyo bridge
. . . CLICK here for Photos !

Tsūjun Bridge is an aqueduct in Yamato, Kumamoto, Japan.
It is an arch bridge completed in 1854 and is 84.0m long. The arch spans 27.3m. It is the largest stone aqueduct in Japan.
- quote wikipedia -

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金内橋 Kaneuchibashi bridge
. . . CLICK here for Photos !
Arches over the river 御船川 Mifunegawa.

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立野橋 Tatenobashi bridge
. . . CLICK here for Photos !

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浜町橋　Hamamachibashi bridge
Hamamachi town was an important station of the 日向往還 Hyuga Okan road.
Now there are three roads passing here.
. . . CLICK here for Photos !

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夕尺橋 Yujakubashi bridge
. . . CLICK here for Photos !

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- quote -
Hyūga Province (日向国, Hyūga no kuni)
was an old province of Japan on the east coast of Kyūshū, corresponding to the modern Miyazaki Prefecture. It was sometimes called Nisshū (日州) or Kōshū (向州).
Hyūga bordered on Bungo, Higo, Ōsumi, and Satsuma Province.
In the Kojiki and the Nihon Shoki,
Hyūga is called Kumaso Province (熊曽国, Kumaso no kuni) of Tsukushi-no-shima (Kyushu), along the provinces of Tsukushi, Toyo and Hi.
In the 3rd month of the 6th year of the Wadō era (713),
the land of Hyūga was administratively separated from Ōsumi Province (大隈国). In that same year, Empress Genmei's Daijō-kan continued to organize other catastral changes in the provincial map of the Nara period.
During the Sengoku period,
the area was often divided into a northern fief around Agata castle (near modern Nobeoka), and a southern fief around Obi castle, near modern Nichinan. The southern fief was held by the Shimazu clan of nearby Satsuma for much of the period.
The Itō clan held control of Hyuga until it was conquered by the Shimazu in 1578.
- source : wikipedia -

Higashi-Soo District (東囎唹郡)
Koyu District (児湯郡)
Miyazaki District (宮崎郡)
Morokata District (諸県郡)
Naka District (那珂郡)
Usuki District (臼杵郡)

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Himukai Daijingu 日向大神宮（ひむかいだいじんぐう） - Kyoto

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総武本線日向街道踏切（八街～日向間）

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. Satsuma Kaido 薩摩街道 Satsuma Highway .
A road connecting 日向 Hyuga, a port city in 宮崎県 Miyazaki with 鹿児島城 Kagoshima castle.

. Bungo Kaido 豊後街道 Bungo Highway .

. Buzen Kaido 豊前街道 Buzen Highway .

Hyuga Kaido (this page)

. Miike Kaido 三池街道 / Miike Okan 三池往還 Miike Road . - Kumamoto

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. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

.................................................................................　Miyazaki 宮崎県

kami no ke 髪の毛 hair
Near 日向国中村 Nakamura village in Hyuga there lived a farmer.
His right cheek suddenly begun to swell and from the wound something like the grease of a wild boar came out. Then came about 200 beard hairs from a boar.
After that the wound healed.

. inoshishi 猪と伝説 Legends about the wild boar, Wildschwein .

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- reference : nichibun yokai database -
11 日向国 (01)
114 日向 (00)

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LEGENDS - hashima mashin measels

https://heianperiodjapan.blogspot.com/2019/11/hashika-mashin-measels-legends.html

hashika mashin measels legends

- BACK to the Daruma Museum -
. Japanese legends and tales 伝説民話昔話 - Introduction .
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hashika, mashin 麻疹と伝説 Legends about measles, rubeola
and other epidemics

. hashika 麻疹 measles in Edo .
goyaku sanbyoo　御役三病 The three most feared diseases in Edo were

hashika 麻疹 measles
suitoo　水痘　/ 水套 chicken pox
tennentoo　天然痘　/　toosoo 痘瘡 smallpox, variola

. mashin 麻疹 (ましん) measles. Masern .
- kigo for Spring -
jinmashin 蕁麻疹 rush, nettle rush, hives

はしか絵・はしか童子退治図 paintings to prevent measels
. . . CLICK here for Photos !

. 疫病神 / 厄病神 Yakubyogami, Deity of Diseases .
eyami no kami えやみのかみ / gyooyakujin 行疫神 gyoyakujin / ekijin, yakujin 疫神, Ekibyo 疫病

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. 疱瘡神 Hosogami, God of Smallpox .

. hoosoo 疱瘡と伝説 Hoso - Legends about Smallpox .

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Rakuda no zu - Utagawa Kuniyasu

　rakuda 駱駝 / ラクダ camel, Kamel
a pun with
raku da 楽だ things are easy !

Hanging a picture of a camel near a place where the children can see it easily will help them get over an infection with
hoso 疱瘡 smallpox or 麻疹 measles without any problems.
- - - - -
. Raijū 雷獣 Raiju the Thunder Beast Yokai .
does not like camels. To prevent lightning to strike a home, people hung paintings of a camel on the wall or at the entrance of their home.

. Rakuda Camels in Tottori, Japan .

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- - - - - ABC List of the prefectures :

......................................................................................... Gunma 群馬県
.......................................................................
勢多郡 Seta district

If someone got the 麻疹 measles, he had to walk under a bridge of a river which flows Northward. This would heal him.

......................................................................................... Hiroshima 広島県
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廿日市市 Hatsukaichi city 宮島町 Miyajima town

. saru 猿と伝説 Legends about monkeys - Affen .
Once upon a time, there lived many monkeys on Miyajima, causing trouble to the villagers. They also angered the 神鹿 sacred deer and people wanted to get rid of them.
They caught them, cut their fur and brought them to an island further away, 小黒神島 Okurokamishima.
But the monkeys soon came back and people where frustrated. Then came an epidemic of 麻疹 the measles and all the monkeys died.

......................................................................................... Kanagawa 神奈川県
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横浜市 Yokohama 金沢区 Kanazawa district

Fukutaro 福太郎 "Taro to bring good luck"
In the fishing village of Kanazawa there lived 重右衛門 Juemon. His family has a box where the deity to prevent suinan 水難 disasters at sea and 疱瘡 smallpox.
Around 1800 his younger sister had a dream. She saw a child telling her "I have been venerated in your home for a long time, but since not all know me well, please built a Shrine for me. Thus I can go on as Deity to prevend disasters at sea and getting smallpox.
When Juemon heard this, he opened the box and saw something strange in it.
The face was that of a monkey, the hand and feet were webbed like a water animal and the top of the head had an impression.
This was Fukutaro "Taro to bring good luck".

......................................................................................... Shiga 滋賀県
.......................................................................
伊香郡 Ika district 西浅井町 Nishi-Azai town

To heal a child with 麻疹 the measles people put sandawara サンダワラ / 桟俵 a small round straw cushion on its head and say:
"This is not very hot water, but it is boiling water". This will make the fever go away.

......................................................................................... Shizuoka 静岡県

If one enters ラントーバ（墓地）a graveyard without permission, one will be cursed with shikamo ツカモ（蕁麻疹 a rush), itching all over the body.
One has to burn senko 線香 an incense stick, pray and apologize to get relief.

......................................................................................... Tokushima 徳島県
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三好郡 Miyoshi district 井川町 Ikawa town

horose ホロセ local word for Jinmashin.
There was a small stone Buddha statue in the neighborhood and whenever someone cut the weeds around it, he got the jinmashin 蕁麻疹 rush.
Only grandfather never got it. When he was young, his mother had taken him to the stone Buddha and prayed for his safety.

......................................................................................... Tottori 鳥取県
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八頭郡 Yazu district 若桜町 Wakasa town

切分兵衛神 Kiriwake Hyoe no Kami，檻葉天大明神 Kashi no Ha Ten Daimyojin
キリワケノヒョウエノカミ，カシノハテンダイミョウジン
Once lupon a time, Kiriwake Hyoe no Kami saw a small female deity float down the river on the leave of kashi 樫 an oak tree.
This deity was venerated at the shrine 吉川神社 Yoshikwas Jinja as 麻疹の神 the Deity to prevent Measles.
Sticking 樫の葉 a leaf of the kashi Oak tree from the Yoshikawa shrine on the entrance of the home prevents the infection with measles.
If by any bad luck someone in the family gets the measles, they place the leaf on the face to heal.

. kashi 樫 Quercus oak tree .

......................................................................................... Toyama 富山県
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富山市 Toyama city 柳町 Yanagi town

ekibyoo yoke 疫病除け avoiding an epidemic
To prevend getting kaze 風邪 a cold, sekiri 赤痢 dysentery or mashin 麻疹 measles, people take the imprint of their hand and hang it at the entrance.
This will prevent bad influence to come into the home.

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- reference : nichibun yokai database 妖怪データベース -
130 疫病 ekibyo to collect

hashika-e 麻疹絵「はしか童子退治図」driving away the Hashika Doji

Hashika-e (Talisman to Prevent Smallpox) by Yoshikatsu
. . . CLICK here for Photos !

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. Kaido highway legends 街道と伝説 - - ABC list .

. animals and their legends 動物と伝説 - - ABC list .

. plants and their legends 　植物と伝説 - - ABC list .

. trees and their legends 　樹木, 木と伝説 - - ABC list .

. Persons, People, Personen and their legends - - ABC list .

. Legends about Kobo Daishi Kukai - 弘法大師　空海 - 伝説 .

. Japanese legends and tales 伝説　民話　昔話 - Introduction .

- Yookai 妖怪 Yokai Monsters of Japan -

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. Join the friends on Facebook ! .

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9 Jan 2020

MINGEI - tanmono cloth fabric

https://omamorifromjapan.blogspot.com/2019/12/tanmono-cloth-fabric.html

tanmono cloth fabric

Tanmono has two main meanings.
One meaning is the fabrics used for kimonos.
The other meaning is a one-tan sized piece of fabric ('tan'is the unit for one kimono for an adult)
Usually, tanmono are rolled on a board which equals one unit. Or tanmono are wound on a bar with a radius of 1.5 cm. Or they are folded and wrapped in cardboard.
Ojiya-chijimi, 小千谷縮　which are rolled without a core, are an exception.
In old times, one-tan was 9 sun 5 bu in width and 2 jou 6 or 8 shaku in length (1 shaku equals about 30.3 cm, 1 sun equals 0.1 shaku, 1 bu equals 0.01 shaku, and 1 jou equals 10 shaku). Today, sizes are defined inthe metric system; for silk fabrics, generally, one-tan equals about 36 cm in width and about 11.4 m in length.
source : nippon-kichi.jp...

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- quote -
About the size of tanmono (a roll of kimono cloth)

Tanmono,
the traditional cloth of Japan that has developed for exclusively making a kimono, has a unique size specification. As a result of the restriction of hand loom and the exclusive use for kimono, a tanmono is commonly produced in about 0.38m × 12.5m size. Let's see more details on the specification of tanmono.
The width size of tanmono
is about 38cm (42cm for men's), and the length is about 12.5m. This is the necessary and sufficient size for making a suit of women's kimono (the necessary length is shorter for men). In order to make a kimono, the 0.38×12.5m rectangular fabric is divided into the 8 parts. Compared to the complex pattern-cutting of Western clothes, The cutting of a tanmono for tailoring a kimono is so simple. Making a kimono is done by the minimum required fabric without the leftovers. ...
... Basically, the width of a tanmono is 38cm. Yet, the custom-order can wider the width to some extent. While it depends on the weaving regions, the maximum width for the custom-order would be about 45cm. This is because of the structural limitation on the handloom generally used. The more than about 45cm width would require a new design of loom, manufacturing equipments or processes.
- source : hirotatsumugi.jp... -

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. Ojiya tsumugi 小千谷紬 Ojiya pongee / 縮 chijimi .

Made in and around Ojiya city, Niigata

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. Reference .

. kimono 着物 Japanese robes .

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. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

................................................................................. Fukushima 福島県
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いわき市 Iwaki city 好間町 Yoshima town

. daija, orochi 大蛇 the huge serpent, great snake .
Where the river separates into two, there is one house on the side of the smaller river.
However much flooding happens, this house is always safe.
In former times, this area was always affected by flooding. Grandmother was always worried and said she would give one of her three daughters to the master of the river, the 大蛇 Daija, if this would protect her home. From that time on a young man came to the home and said he would protect if from flooding if he could marry the daughter.
After the wedding the father of the woman had a dream: He saw his daughter wash her hair at the riverpool. When he woke up he found a piece of tanmono 反物 cloth made from three hairs of the beard of the serpent.
Twice there was a celebration in the family, and they placed this cloth near the riverpool. In response they get "trays and bowls" for all the guests.
The third time when they brought the bowls back, one lid fell into the river and swam away. From that time on they never got "trays and bowls" any more.
They brought the cloth to the temple 竜門寺 Ryumon-Ji to have it purified and properly venerated. The well from the temple is directly connected to the riverpool.

. Zenwanbuchi 膳椀淵 "river pool for trays and bowls". .

................................................................................. Kagoshima 鹿児島県
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大島郡 Oshima district

ikimaburi 生き霊 / イキマブリ a living soul
A woman who had died about 200 years ago once went to buy some tanmono 反物 cloth.
But the money she used to pay for it soon turned into leaves.

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Kagoshima 曽於郡 Soo district

nitan bae ニタンバエ / 二反生え the monster Nitanbae

In 中川内 Nakagawachi there was once a monster "of two Tan size", coming out at night.
It came from a field where nobody wanted to plant anything any more.

. Ittan Momen 一反木綿 Roll of Cotton Yokai .

................................................................................. Niigata 新潟県
小千谷市 Ojiya city

. tanuki 狸 - mujina 狢－ racoon dog, badger legends .
A woman came to the rich neighbour to help with the birth.
As thank-you present she got a length of cloth and some money.
When she looked at this next morning, her body was full of Tanuki hair and the money had changed into the leaf of a tsubaki 椿 camellia.

................................................................................. Yamanashi 山梨県
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下曽根村 Shimo-Sonemura village

Mitsumune San ミツムネサン / Mitsumine Sama 三峯様 The Mitsumine Deity
The family had a small Shrine for Mitsumine San in the back of their storehouse.
One evening a burglar came and stole the tanmono 反物 fabrics.
Next morning they found them at the gate of the temple 実成寺 Jissei-Ji in the next village.
This must have been the beneficial deed of Mitsumine San.

. Mitsumine Jinja 三峰神社 / 三峯神社 Mitsumine Shrine .
Chichibu, Saitama - and wolf worship

小谷村の三峯様 (三峯さま) Otani village - Mitsumune sama
The piles of straw for the deity
北安曇郡 Kita-Azumi, Nagano

- reference source : yatsu-genjin.jp/suwataisya... -

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- reference : nichibun yokai database 妖怪データベース -

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小町忌の反物のまま二十年
北柳あぶみ

反物は畳をころげお山焼き
大野朱香

反物を投げ展げたる涼しさよ
遠藤千鶴羽

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. Regional Folk Toys from Japan .

. Japan - Shrines and Temples .

. Tohoku after the BIG earthquake March 11, 2011

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