26 Apr 2020

KAIDO - Mino Kaido Minoji Highway

. Kaido 街道 Highways - ABC Index .
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Mino Kaido 美濃街道 Mino Highway
Minoji, Mino-Ji 美濃路 Mino Road
It was a side-road and connects the Nakasendō with the Tōkaidō.

The route was named after Mino Province, which makes up the southern portion of the modern-day Gifu Prefecture.

- quote -
The Minoji (美濃路, Mino Road) was a 60 km (37 mi) highway in Japan during the Edo period. It was a secondary route, ranked below the Edo Five Routes in importance, and connected Miya-juku on the Tōkaidō with Tarui-juku on the Nakasendō.
The road received much use before and after the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600. Fukushima Masanori, the leader of the eastern armies, traveled the Minoji from Okoshi (modern-day Ichinomiya) to Mino Province for the battle. Tokugawa Ieyasu, the victor of the battle, traveled the route afterwards to a hero's welcome.
It was also referred to as the Kichirei Kaidō (吉例街道).
Royal embassies to Tokugawa Japan from Korea traveled along the route ten times. Their general itinerary was they stayed the night in Ōgaki-juku, then rested at either Sunomata-juku or Okoshi-juku, before spending the following night in Nagoya-juku.
Official travelers from the Ryukyu Islands also traveled along the Minoji. Though initially just traveling along the Tōkaidō, they began traveling along the Minoji in 1714.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

- Postal stations along the Minoji
Including the starting and ending points, there were only nine post stations on the Minoji.

Aichi Prefecture
1. Miya-juku (宮宿) (Atsuta-ku, Nagoya) (also part of the Tōkaidō)
2. Nagoya-juku (名古屋宿) (Naka-ku, Nagoya)
3. Kiyosu-juku (清須宿) (Kiyosu)
4. Inaba-juku (稲葉宿) (Inazawa)
5. Hagiwara-juku (萩原宿) (Ichinomiya)
6. Okoshi-juku (起宿) (Ichinomiya)

Gifu Prefecture
7. Sunomata-juku (墨俣宿) (Ogaki)
8. Ōgaki-juku (大垣宿) (Ōgaki)
9. Tarui-juku (垂井宿) (Tarui, Fuwa District) (also part of the Nakasendō)

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Another name for this highway was
Kichirei Kaidō 吉例街道 Kichirei Kaido Highway, "auspicious road"
Since it was used by the Shogun and the embassies from Korea.

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Tarui-juku 垂井宿
Hiroshige
Tarui-juku was divided into three parts: western, middle and eastern. Its honjin was located in the middle section. The post town itself served as a major transportation hub for western Mino Province, as it was one end point for the Minoji, which connected the Nakasendō with the Tōkaidō at Miya-juku. It also sat on the banks of the Ai River.
source : wikipedia

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. Tokaido 53 Stations 東海道五十三次 .

. Nakasendo　中山道 .

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Kiyosu-juku 清須宿 Kiyosujuku

source and photos : network2010.org

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Inaba-juku 稲葉宿 Inabajuku

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Hagiwara-juku 萩原宿 Hagiwarajuku

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Okoshi-juku 起宿 Okoshijuku

source : city.ichinomiya.aichi.jp/rekimin...

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Sunomata-juku 墨俣宿 Sunomatajuku

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Ōgaki-juku 大垣宿 Ogakijuku

. 松尾芭蕉 Matsuo Basho in Ogaki .

At the Ogaki Town Museum for the End of the Trip

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- quote -
Mino Province (美濃国, Mino no kuni),
one of the old provinces of Japan, encompassed the southern part of modern-day Gifu Prefecture.
It was sometimes called Nōshū (濃州). Mino Province bordered Echizen, Hida, Ise, Mikawa, Ōmi, Owari, and Shinano Provinces.
Although the ancient provincial capital was near Tarui, the main castle town was at Gifu, the home of Inabayama Castle.
In 713,
the road crossing through Mino and Shinano provinces was widened to accommodate increasing numbers of travelers.
Mino Province served an important military and political role as the path to Kyoto as well as to Tokaido.
During the Kamakura and Muromachi Period,
Mino Province was governed by the 土岐　Toki clan and later in Azuchi period controlled by Oda Nobunaga. His heirs continued to control it after Nobunaga and Toyotomi Hideyoshi took power.
The Battle of Sekigahara took place at the western edge of Mino, near the mountains between the Chūbu Region and the Kinki Region.
..... Mino and Owari provinces were separated by the Sakai River, which means "border river." .....
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

.................................................................................　Gifu 岐阜県
多治見市 Tajimi city

. ryuu ga ike, ryuu-ga-ike 竜が池 / 竜ヶ池 "Dragon Pond" .
At the foot of 高社山 Mount Koshasan (1,351 m) at 小泉村 Koizumi village there is Ryugaike 龍ヶ池 a dragon pond.
Once upon a time, a dragon lived there and there was always enough water for the farmers. Even during a drought when people went to this pond it would rain.

On top of the mountain is a boulder named 天狗岩 Tengu-Iwa.
In olden times, the mountain bandits lived there.
At the foot of the mountain is a boulder named 戸棚岩 Todana-Iwa.
In olden times, the mountain bandits lived there.

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- reference : nichibun yokai database -

美濃国可児郡小泉村の伝説
木全圓寿 Kimata Enju

- reference from Mie -

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- - - To join me on facebook, click the image !

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. kaidoo 街道と伝説 Legends about the old Kaido highways .

. Kaido 街道 Highways - ABC Index .

. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo　江戸の名所 .

. Edo bakufu 江戸幕府 The Edo Government .

. Doing Business in Edo - 商売　- Introduction .

. shokunin 職人 craftsman, craftsmen, artisan, Handwerker .

. senryu, senryū 川柳　Senryu poems in Edo .

. Japanese Architecture - The Japanese Home .

. Interior Design - The Japanese Home .

. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]
- - - - - #minokaido #minomichi #gifu #minoroad #ogaki - - - -
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Posted By Gabi Greve to Edo - the EDOPEDIA - on 1/22/2020 09:52:00 am

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25 Apr 2020

EDO - Nagasaki Hita Kaido highroads

https://edoflourishing.blogspot.com/2019/12/nagasaki-hita-kaido.html

Nagasaki Hita Kaido

[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
. Kaido 街道 Highways - ABC Index .
- Hita Kaido, Hizen Kaido, Chikuzen Kaido - see below -
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Nagasaki Kaido 長崎街道 Nagasaki Highway

. Food and sweets from Nagasaki 長崎県 .
The Nagasaki Highway was also called
シュガーロード sugar road / 砂糖の道 sato no michi
connecting Nagasaki and Kokura (Ogura) 小倉 in 福岡県 Fukuoka, Kyushu.
From there on to Kyoto during the Edo period. A lot of Western cultural elements travelled this road, when even very expensive white sugar was only available at the island of Dejima.

Towns along this road were able to produce sweets with white sugar.
for example
Ogi yookan 小城羊羹
in the town of Ogi in Saga prefecture. This Yokan is still made by hand. Water, agar, anko bean paste and sugar are stirred for a long time, then poured in a wooden form with lacquer finishing. When its gets dry it is taken out of the form, head up now with a frosted sugar coating, that gives a crunchy sound when biting into it.
. . . CLICK here for Photos !

- Postal stations along the Nagasaki Kaido

- - - - - Fukuoka Prefecture
Start : Tokiwabashi (常盤橋) (Kokura Kita-ku, Kitakyūshū)
1. Kurosaki-shuku (黒崎宿) (Yahata Nishi-ku, Kitakyūshū)
2. Koyanose-shuku (木屋瀬宿) (Yahata Nishi-ku, Kitakyūshū)
3. Iizuka-shuku (飯塚宿) (Iizuka)
4. Uchino-shuku (内野宿) (Iizuka)
5. Yamae-shuku (山家宿) (Chikushino)
6. Haruda-shuku (原田宿) (Chikushino)

- - - - - Saga Prefecture
7. Tashiro-shuku (田代宿) (Tosu)
8. Todoroki-shuku (轟木宿) (Tosu）
9. Nakabaru-shuku (中原宿) (Miyaki, Miyaki District)
10. Kanzaki-shuku (神埼宿) (Kanzaki)
11. Sakaibaru-shuku (境原宿) (Kanzaki)
12. Saga-shuku (佐賀宿) (Saga)
13. Ushizu-shuku (牛津宿) (Ogi)
14. Oda-shuku (小田宿) (Kōhoku, Kishima District)
15. Kitagata-shuku (北方宿) or Naruse-shuku (鳴瀬宿) (Takeo)
16. Tsukasaki-shuku (塚崎宿) or Shiota-shuku (塩田宿) (Takeo)
17. Ureshino-shuku (嬉野宿) (Ureshino)

- - - - - Nagasaki Prefecture
18. Sonogi-shuku (彼杵宿) (Higashisonogi, Higashisonogi District)
19. Matsubara-shuku (松原宿) (Ōmura)
20. Ōmura-shuku (大村宿) (Ōmura)
21. Eishō-shuku (永昌宿) (Isahaya)
22. Yagami-shuku (矢上宿) (Nagasaki)
23. Himi-shuku (日見宿) (Nagasaki)
End - Nagasaki　長崎
source : wikipedia

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Hizen Chikuzen Kaido 肥前・筑前街道
Crossing from 福岡県筑紫郡那珂川町 Fukuoka, Chikushi district, Nakagawa
to
佐賀県神埼郡吉野ヶ里町 Saga, Kanzaki district, Yoshinogari
via the
Sefurizaka-goe 脊振坂越 Serifuri Pass

Mount Sefuri (脊振山, Sefuri-san)
is a 1,054.6 m peak of the Sefuri Mountains, which are located on the border of Fukuoka, Fukuoka Prefecture, and Kanzaki, Saga Prefecture, Japan.
This mountain is the tallest peak of the Sefuri Mountain range between Fukuoka Prefecture and Saga Prefecture. Before the Meiji Restoration, this mountain was a center of the Shugendo religion in this region, along with Mount Hiko. Mount Sefuri is the location where the Buddhist priest Eisai first planted tea after his return to Japan from Song dynasty China in the Kamakura period.
The northern part of Kanzaki city is located in the middle of the Sefuri Mountains.
The southern part consists of the north bank of the Chikugo River and the Saga Plains, and the Jōbaru River runs through the middle portion of the city. The southeast border with Kurume in Fukuoka Prefecture is formed by the Chikugo River.
source : wikipedia

Hizen Province (肥前国, Hizen no kuni)
was an old province in the area of Saga and Nagasaki prefectures,
Hizen bordered on the provinces of Chikuzen and Chikugo.

Chikuzen Province (筑前国, Chikuzen no kuni)
was an old provincein the area that is today part of Fukuoka Prefecture in Kyūshū.
It was sometimes called Chikushū (筑州) or Chikuyō (筑陽), with Chikugo Province. Chikuzen bordered Buzen, Bungo, Chikugo, and Hizen Provinces.

Kanzaki soomen 神埼そうめん(神崎素麺) somen noodles from Kanzaki
They are prepared with the fresh water from rivers from the mountain area of Mount Sefuri 脊振. They are quite chewy, but smooth. You can enjoy them cold in summer and hot in winter.
. . . CLICK here for Photos of the noodles !

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Hita Kaido 日田街道 / 日田往還 Hita Okan
Oita / Fukuoka

Connecting Hita with Fukuoka

. Hita 日田市 - Bungo no Kuni Hita 豊後国日田 .
Part of the old Bungo region is now in Oita prefecture, part in Fukuoka.
In the Edo period Hita was Tenryo 天領 land under the supervision of the Tokugawa government because of the mines.
- Taio kinzan 鯛生金山 Taio Gold Mine, goldmine in Nakatsu
大分県日田市中津江村合瀬
- Hita Gion Matsuri 日田祇園祭り　Hita Gion Festival
- Hita Tenryo Matsuri　日田天領まつり　Hita Tenryo Festival

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- quote -
Fukuoka Domain (福岡藩, Fukuoka han)
It was associated with Chikuzen Province in modern-day Fukuoka Prefecture on the island of Kyushu. The domain was also sometimes referred to as Chikuzen Domain, or as Kuroda Domain, after the ruling Kuroda family.
In the han system, Fukuoka was a political and economic abstraction based on periodic cadastral surveys and projected agricultural yields. In other words, the domain was defined in terms of kokudaka, not land area. This was different from the feudalism of the West. With its rating of 473,000 koku, the domain was the fifth-largest in Japan, excluding the domains held by the Tokugawa-Matsudaira dynasty.
... The Kuroda clan
I. Kuroda Nagamasa, 1st daimyō of Fukuoka (ca. 1600)
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

. Kuroda Kanbei Yoshitaka 黒田官兵衛孝高 . - (1546 - 1604)
and his son 長政 Nagamasa

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- quote -
Fukuoka city (福岡市, Fukuoka-shi)
is the capital city of Fukuoka Prefecture, Kyushu.
- - - Exchanges from the continent and the Northern Kyushu area date as far back as Old Stone Age.
It has been thought that waves of immigrants arrived in Northern Kyushu from mainland Asia. Several Kofun burial mounds exist.
- - - History
Fukuoka was sometimes called the Port of Dazaifu (大宰府), 15 km southeast from Fukuoka. Dazaifu was an administrative capital in 663 A.D., but a historian proposed that a prehistoric capital was in the area. Ancient texts, such as the Kojiki, Kanyen (found in Dazaifu) and archaeology confirm this was a very critical place in the founding of Japan. Some scholars claim that it was the first place outsiders and the Imperial Family set foot, but like many early Japan origin theories, it remains contested. Central Fukuoka is sometimes still referred as Hakata which is the name of the central ward.
- In 923, the Hakozaki-gū
in Fukuoka was transferred from Daibu-gū in Daibu (大分), 16 km (10 mi) northeast from Dazaifu, the origin of Usa Shrine and established as a branch of the Usa Shrine at Fukuoka. In Ooho (大保), 15 km (9 mi) south from Dazaifu, there are remains of a big ward office with a temple, because in ancient East Asia, an emperor must have three great ministries (大宰, 大傳 and 大保). In fact, there is a record in Chinese literature that a king of Japan sent a letter in 478 to ask the Chinese emperor's approval for employing three ministries. In addition, remains of the Korokan (鴻臚館, Government Guest House) were found in Fukuoka underneath a part of the ruins of Fukuoka Castle.
- Mongol invasions (1274–1281)
- Formation of the modern city (1889)
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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. Japanese Legends - 伝説　民話　昔話 – ABC-List .

.................................................................................　Oita 大分県

. Kōbō Daishi Kūkai 弘法大師　空海 - 伝説　 Kobo Daishi Kukai Legends .

Once Kukai asked for some negi 葱 leek, but the farmer did not give him any.
The next day all the leek had dried and nothing would grow on the field any more.
Another time he came to a river where an old woman washed potatoes and daikon 大根 radish.
He asked her to give him some but she only gave him a dirty potato.
Soon after the water in the river did not flow any more.

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日田市 Hita city 渡里 Watari

. Oni densetsu 鬼伝説　Regional Demon Legends - Oita .
At the small hamlet of Watari there is a place where the head of an Oni demon is burried. But maybe it was just a local thief.

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. daija, orochi 大蛇 the huge serpent, great snake legends .
At a hamlet called 松原 Matsubara in Hita there appeared a huge serpent. It was very long and rather black, its face long like this of a horse with ears. A farmer painted a picture of it and then it was called kyuuryoo 虬龍 "Serpent-Dragon", a legendary animal.

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- reference : nichibun yokai database -

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24 Apr 2020

EDO - Harima Kaido

https://edoflourishing.blogspot.com/2020/02/harima-kaido.html

Harima Kaido

[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
. Kaido 街道 Highways - ABC Index .
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Harima Kaido 播磨街道 Harima Highway
播磨大路 Harima Oji // 播磨大道 Harima Daido
From Harima (Himeji, Hyogo prefecture) to 岡山県 Okayama
This is the local part of the
. Sanyo Kaido 山陽街道 Sanyo Highway and 西国街道 Saigoku Kaido .
used by the regional Daimyo on their Sankin Kotai to Edo.
The old names of the area were
播磨国 Harima no Kuni and 備前国 Bizen no Kuni.

- Places along the Harima Kaido

Funasaka Toge Pass 船坂峠 - 197m
On the border of 兵庫県赤穂郡上郡町梨ヶ原 Nashigahara, Kamigori, Ako in Hyogo to 岡山県備前市三石 Mitsuishi Bizen city, Okayama.

The old name was 畝坂（うなさか) Unasaka.

Sakanaga 坂長 (さかなが）- the old name for Mitsuishi in Bizen city
Mitsuishi postal station 三石の宿場
with sekisho 関所 a barrier

Mitsuishi mile stone

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. Sanyo Kaido 山陽街道 Sanyo Highway and 西国街道 Saigoku Kaido .

10 姫路（姫路市）- Himeji
11 正條（たつの市）- Shojo (Tatsuno)
12 片島（たつの市）- Katashima (Tatsuno)
13 有年（赤穂市）- Yunen (Akaho)
14 三石（備前市）- Mitsuishi (Bizen)
15 片上（備前市）- Katakami (Bizen)
16 藤井（岡山市）- Fujii (Okayama)
17 岡山（岡山市）- Okayama

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- quote
Harima Province (播磨国, Harima no kuni) or Banshū (播州)
was a province of Japan in the part of Honshū that is the southwestern part of present-day Hyōgo Prefecture. Harima bordered on Tajima, Tanba, Settsu, Bizen, and Mimasaka Provinces. Its capital was Himeji.
During the Edo period, the Akō Domain (fief) was part of Harima. The Forty-seven rōnin were samurai of Akō han. IHI Corporation, a shipbuilder and major Boeing engine subcontractor gets its name from the province.
- History
Harima Province was established in 7th century. During the Meiji Restoration, Himeji Prefecture was established with the whole area of Harima Province as the territory. Himeji Prefecture was renamed to Shikama prefecture, and Shikama Prefecture was transferred to Hyōgo Prefecture finally.
Iwa jinja 伊和神社 was the chief Shinto shrine (ichinomiya) of Harima.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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- quote -
Bizen Province (備前国, Bizen no kuni)
was a province of Japan on the Inland Sea side of Honshū, in what is today the southeastern part of Okayama Prefecture. It was sometimes called Bishū (備州 Bishu), with Bitchū and Bingo Provinces. Bizen borders Mimasaka, Harima, and Bitchū Provinces.
Bizen's original center was in the modern city of Okayama. From an early time Bizen was one of Japan's main centers for sword smithing.
- History
In the 3rd month of the 6th year of the Wadō era (713), the land of Bizen-no kuni was administratively separated from Mimasaka Province (美作国). In that same year, Empress Genmei's Daijō-kan continued to organize other cadastral changes in the provincial map of the Nara period.
In Wadō 6, Tanba Province (丹波国) was sundered from Tango Province (丹後国); and Hyūga Province (日向国) was divided from Ōsumi Province (大隈国).
In the Muromachi period,
Bizen was ruled by the Akamatsu clan from Mimasaka, but by the Sengoku period the Urakami clan had become dominant and settled in Okayama city. They were later supplanted by the Ukita clan, and Ukita Hideie was one of the regents Toyotomi Hideyoshi appointed for his son. After Kobayakawa Hideaki helped Tokugawa Ieyasu to win the Battle of Sekigahara over Ukita and others, he was granted Ukita's domains in Bizen and Mimasaka.
Bizen passed through a variety of hands during the Edo period before being incorporated into the modern prefecture system.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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. Banshu 播州 - Harima no Kuni 播磨国民芸 folk art .
Hyogo Folk Art - 兵庫県　

. Banshu 播州薬師霊場 pilgrimage to Yakushi Nyorai .

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. Japanese Legends - 伝説　民話　昔話 – ABC-List .

.................................................................................　Hyogo 兵庫県
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播磨国 Harima no Kuni

. Kitsune Hikyaku 狐飛脚 fox messengers .

桂蔵坊 Keizobo was an old fox that lived close to the Tottori castle. He could run to Edo and back in just two days and was famous for his speed. The Lord Ikeda 池田 of the Castle was very fond of him.
One day Keizobo was sent on a secret mission to Edo and passing 播磨国 Harima no Kuni (Hyogo), he passed a trap of a farmer, who had placed a delicious-smelling fried rat. Since he was on an urgent mission, he passed on. On his way back from Edo he was hungry and wanted to get the rat, but in turn got caught in the trap himself and was killed.
Lord Ikeda grieved about his friend and had the shrine 中坂神社 Nakazaka Jinja built in his honor.

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播磨国明石 Akashi

bifujin 美婦人 beautiful women
In Akashi lived a man named 石巻郷右衛門 Ishimaki Goemon. When he was about 20 years, a spring of pure water came out of the garden in front of his room. In the water there were many beautiful women. The women came into his room and he fell in love with them all. He was up all night and became weaker and weaker ...
When his mother asked about his problem. He told her all and the ladies stopped appearing.

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播磨国安志 Anji

Sekawa Taukai せ河たう介
Among the retainers of the Lord of Anji there was a man named Sekawa Taukai. He was a very fast runner and could run about 300 km in one day.
Once on a rainy day he run with an umbrella, but when he came back, the umbrella was torn to pieces.

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播磨国谷外村 Tanisotomura village

. Legends about oni 鬼 demons .
If a child has kan 癇 epilepsy, the mother puts a piece of paper with the word 鬼 demon written three times in its hand. Then she recites a Buddhist spell three times:
アブラウンケンソワカ abura unken sowaka / abiraunken sowaka
Abira unken sowaka is a chant against the Seven Misfortunes (七難消滅).

.................................................................................　Okayama 岡山県
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備前国 Bizen no Kuni

amagoi waka 雨乞和歌 Waka poetry and rain rituals
A Samurai from Bizen no Kuni named 水野義風 Mizuno Gifu was ordered by the village head to write a Waka poem as a rain ritual.
The villagers were happy, took a copy home and offered it to the 産土神 Ubusunagami, And the rain came soon.
So to our day when there is a drought, they take out this paper and perform rituals. Then it will rain.

. Ubusunagami 産土神 Deity of the place of birth .

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. inu 犬と伝説 Legends about the dog / Hund .
In Bizen no Kuni there is a dog who recites the Nenbutsu 念仏 Amida Prayer. He stands at the gate of the temple and talks in almost a human voice.

- - - - -

. suikazura スイカズラ / 吸葛 / 忍冬と伝説 Legends about honeysuckle .
Inugami 犬神，Sarugami 猿神 and the Nue Monster

- - - - -

yakoo no tama 夜光の玉 a ball of light in the night
According to the geographer 古川古松軒 Furukawa Koshoken, who was born in Bizen no Kuni,
in the year 1797 in 備前国 Bizen in 児嶋 / 児島 Kojima 榧原 Kayahara, a rich farmer had ishigaki 石垣 a large stone wall built around his estate. From two large stones there were two round balls coming out.
The big one looked as if a white powder was painted around it. When placed into a dark room, one could almost read a book.

- Furukawa Koshoken (1726 - 1807) -
... known chiefly for his travel of his travels in Kyûshû and Tôhoku.

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- reference : nichibun yokai database -
播磨国 OK // 51 播磨
備前国 OK // 26 備前

17 播磨国飾磨郡地方の迷信集 (00)
essay by 浅田茂　Asada Shigeru

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SHINTO - Toshitokujin New Year Legends

https://japanshrinestemples.blogspot.com/2019/07/toshitokujin-legends.html

Toshitokujin legends

[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
. Shinto Shrines (jinja　神社) - Introduction .
. kami　神　Shinto deities .
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Toshitokujin 歳徳神 God of the New Year - Legends
shoogatsu sama 正月様 Shogatsu Sama - Deity of the New Year
Toshigami 年神 / 歳神 Kami of the Year

. Toshitokujin 歳徳神 God of the Year.
- Introduction and Haiku -

. shinnen 新年 the New Year .
The New Year of the Gregorian calendar falls on 1 January.

. The Asian Lunar Calendar and its seasons .
spring begins, February 4, risshun 立春
summer begins, May 6, rikka　立夏
autumn begins, August 8, risshuu　立秋
winter begins, November 7, rittoo　立冬

. kamidana 神棚　household Shinto altar, "shelf for the Gods" .
- A special one is often set up for the New Year celebrations.

.......................................................................

. Sai no Kami 幸神 / 幸の神 / さいの神 / サイノカミ
Deity of Fortune and Good Luck .
toshi no kami 歳の神 Deity of the Year (another name for Sai no Kami).

u no hi, unohi 卯の日 the first day of the rabbit
collecting legends

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Toshigamidana 年神棚 Shelf to venerate the Toshigami
Article by 榎戸貞治郎 Enokido Sadajiro

Also called
Toshitokudana 年徳棚
Ehodana 恵方（えほう）棚
The shelf is set up in the direction (eho) of the Deity of the Year.
If people do not have place for a shelf, they celebrate and make offerings in the 床の間 Tokonoma
or at the normal 神棚 Kamidana of the family.

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. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

3自然を読む民俗：山口県 - 内日の五年神
Yamaguchi, Utsui - Gonengami
吉村美広 Yoshimura Mihiro

If the villagers forget this ritual of every five years, monkeys comes from the mountains to remind them
at 赤田代 Akatashiro.
氏子が集まって、神事を何年目毎にしようかと相談していたところ、五年神は耳が遠く、「１２…５年目毎？」と聞き返してきたので、祟られると恐ろしいので５年目毎にいとなむようになった。
- 五年神神事下関・秋吉台・宇部エリア = Yama no Kami
５年毎の１１月初申の日に行われる山の神の祭りで、神の森は、村落のすぐ裏にあり、神聖不可侵とされています。
トリモチの巨木が御神体で、根元に１個の壷が置かれ、石の蓋がされてます。
全国に伝わる山の神では、オコゼを供える例が多く、これは山の神がことのほかみにくい容ぼうで、世の中に自分よりみにくいものがあるといってよろこぶからといわれていますが、ここはドロバエ（コイ科の淡水魚）で、山の神の供え物としては珍しいといえます。
- reference source : oidemase.or.jp/tourism... -

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.......................................................................　Ehime 愛媛県 .....
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choochin no yoo na hi 提灯のような火 a fire like a lantern
Late at night on the last day of the year, behind the sanctuary for Ujigami there was a light coming down and a strange sound was heard.
The elders of the village say this is the time when Toshitokujin comes down for the New Year.

. ujigami　氏神 clan KAMI deities .

.......................................................................　Fukui 福井県 .....

Tenjinsama 天神様 Tenjin Sama
The Kami of the Skay, as espressed in 天神地衹 Tenshin Chigi.
During the New Year he comes down from the Sky and becomes 年神 Toshigami.

- quote -
神祇 Jingi, 天神地祇 Tenshin Chigi
An appellation for the objects of worship in Shinto.
An honorific term extolling the sacred authority and sublime virtue of spiritual beings.
- source : kokugakuin -

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kamigami no toshitori 神々のトシトリ New Year for the Gods
Different Kami have different days to start a new year:
お地蔵様 O-Jizo sama on the 23 and 天神様 Tenjin sama on the 25th.
. Aomori 青森県 - Yama no Kami .

.......................................................................　Fukushima 福島県 .....
.......................................................................
福島市 Fukushima city 中茂庭 Nakamoniwa

Toshigami sama 年神様
comes down on the 8th day of the 12th lunar month. He is venerated at the Shrine Tensho Kodai Jingu 天照皇太神宮 Tenshokodai Jingu.

- reference : Tenshokodai Jingu -

.......................................................................　Gunma 群馬県 .....
.......................................................................
邑楽郡 Ora district 大泉町 Oizumi town

Toshigami Sama 年神様
comes on the day 卯の日 U no Hi to supervise taue 田植え the planting of the fields.

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Gunma 館林市 Tatebayashi city 下早川田 Shimo-Sagawada

When planting rice seedlings on u no hi 卯の日 the day of the rabbit, Toshitokugami comes down on 卯の刻 the hour of the rabbit.

.......................................................................　Hiroshima 広島県 .....

. Toshitoku san トシトクさん - Tanokami and the wild boar .
He comes on the day of Inoko Wild Boar, therefore people leave the door open and also the kotatsu コタツ heated table for him to come and sit in the home.
The comes to the fields on the 1st day of the second lunar month and leaves for his home on 亥の日 the day of the wild boar in the 10th lunar month.

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三次市 Miyoshi city 三良坂町 Mirasaka town

On the second day of the second lunar month, children get a moxabustion treatment called ヤイト yaito.
On this day Toshitokujin goes back to Takamagahara 高天原 the Fields of Heaven.

. yaitobi やいと日 day for moxabustion treatment .

.......................................................................　Kagawa 香川県 .....

Toshigami San 年神さん
In the hamlet of 真鈴 Marin when people wake up on gantan 元旦 the first day of the New Year, they have to open the door of the zashiki 座敷 living room to let Toshigami San inside.

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Kagawa 東かがわ市 Higashi-Kagawa city

Toshigami 年神
okuri shogatsu オクリ正月 is the day to send off the deity on The 15th of January. This day is also called
Jugonichi shogatsu 十五日正月 New Year day of the 15th.
People make offerings to the Toshigami and pray for a good harvest and safety for the family. Then they go to the river with the offerings, light a fire with shimenawa 注連 a ritual rope and eat the offerings.
This is also called dondo トンド (Dondo Yaki)
The smoke of the fire is used by Toshigami to go back to the sky.
. dondon yaki どんどん焼き ritual fire at New Year 　 .

.......................................................................　Kagoshima 鹿児島県 .....
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曽於郡 Soo district

. Toshigami and 山の神 Yama no Kami .

.......................................................................　Kanagawa 神奈川県 .....
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足柄上郡 Ashigara-Kami district 山北町 Yamakita town

Toshigami 年神 / 歳神
Toshigami comes every year on the first day of January and leaves on the 14th day.
In other villages he leaves on u no hi ウの日 / 卯の日 the first day of the rabbit.
On this day people make offerings of azuki mochi 小豆餅 rice cakes with auspicious red beans.
On the first day of the New Year people make offerings of zooni 雑煮 to Toshigami and Kuwagami 桑神 the protector deity of mulberries and silk.

.......................................................................　Kagoshima 鹿児島県 .....
曽於郡 Soo district

. Toshigami, Yamanokami and Tanokami .

.......................................................................　Kyoto 京都府 .....
大年神社 / 王歳神社 / 大歳神社 Otoshi Jinja

- There are many shrines with this name in Japan.
The deity Toshigami 年神 / 歳神 is venerated there.
- Wikipedia has a list -

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tanuki 狸 badger
Near the corner on the road to the shrine 大年神社 Otoshi Jinja it often happened that a Tanuki posing as a priest came out and threw sand at the pilgrims.

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Kyoto 三和町 Miwacho Ashibuchi Fukuchiyama

. ushi oni, ushioni, gyuuki 牛鬼 "bull-demon" .
The part North of the Shrine 王歳神社 Otoshi Jinja is called Yuri-ga-hana 百合ヶ花 "lily flowers". This is where the Ushioni lives.
On the mountain side of the river is Yonaki Matsu 夜泣き松 "the pine which cries at night". The Ushioni lives in the cave above it.
Sometimes he comes out behind the pine and plays tricks on the humans.

Near the Shrine is a withered matsu no ki 松の木 pine tree. Toward the end of the Meiji period there was just part of the stem left.
People peel a bit of the bark and make a small fire. Children who see this fire will stop yonaki 夜泣き crying at night.

.......................................................................　Miyagi 宮城県 .....
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黒川郡 Kurokawa district 大和町 Taiwa village

In this village 歳の神 Toshi no Kami is called in the local dialect
オドストクズン Odosudokuzun, Odosu toku zun (Otoshi Toku Jin).

.......................................................................　Nagano 長野県 .....

According to ancient Asian lore, the new year comes with a new female deity.
She comes on the evening of day 30 of the 12th lunar month. People prepare the special kamidana 神棚 Shelf of the Gods for her.
When the year is over they tear it down and burn it, then built a new one.

.......................................................................　Niigata 新潟県 .....

正月準備：年神様 Niigata no Toshigami Sama
新潟県史　資料編22　民俗1 大竹信雄 Otake Nobul

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東蒲原郡 Higashi-Kanbara district 阿賀町 Aga town

. chinjugami　鎮守神 tutelary deities .
Toshitokujin comes for the New Year as a tutelary deity.

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Niigata 糸魚川市 Itoigawa city

Toshi no Kami 年の神 comes on the New Year day from the direction of アキ / 亜希 Aki.
All preparations for his coming must be finished by lunchtime.
No more cleaning of the home after lunchtime. If someone uses a broom, Toshitokujin will be swept out.

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Niigata 長岡市 Nagaoka city 福島町 Fukushima town

For the New Year, komedawara 米俵 a bale of rice from last year's harvest is decorated in the living room as a welcome for Toshigami sama 年神様.
In many parts 歳徳神 Toshitokujin comes on the first u no hi 卯の日 the day of the rabbit.
If this falls on the 12th day of the year, it is a bad omen and might bring a bad harvest.

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Niigata 中魚沼郡 Naka-Uonuma district 津南町 Tsunan town

Shogatsu sama 正月様
comes home from Tenjiku 天竺 India in January. Once he met Daishi Sama 大師様 Kobo Saishi on the way. Daishi Sama nad eaten rice cakes and crumbs, but Shogatsu sama laughed and said, he had gotten quite a lot of food offerings to eat.

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Niigata 佐渡市 Sado city

For the New Year a special toshidana 歳棚 (kamidana) shelf for the New Year is put up for 歳徳神 Toshitokujin.
He comes from the direction of 亜希 Aki town and goes back to this direction.

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Niigata 十日町市 Tokamachi city

正月様 Shogatsu Sama - Deity of the New Year
Toshigamisama 歳神様 comes from the high sky and thus lands on a high tree.

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Niigata 十日町市 Tokamachi city 松之山 Matsunoyama

歳徳神 Toshitokujin comes on the 30st of December.
A special kamidana 神棚 Shelf of the Gods is put up for her.
After the New Year celebration, this shelf is taken down.

.......................................................................　Okayama 岡山県 .....
.......................................................................

In the oku no ma 奥の間 living room in the back people prepare a special kamidana 神棚 shelf ror the gods to venerate 年神 Toshigami.
They also venerate other deities there, like the Gods from 出雲大社 Izumo Shrine and 金毘羅 Konpira shrine together with the Ujigami 氏神 clan deities.
In a separate small shelf below this they venerate 金神 Konjin and 庚申 Koshin.
Toshigami is also called ワカドシ Wakadoshi san, "Young Deity" and has only one leg, so they offer only one new zoori 草履 sandal.
If they offer the sandals they were wearing then a horse or cow was lost, they are sure to find the animal.

. Konjin 金神 "God of metals" .

. Kooshin 庚申 Koshin, ka no e saru deity .

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Okayama 美作市 Mimasaka town

Wakatoshi sama 若年様 "Honorable Young Deity"
The nando 納戸 / ナンド closet for storage, is often used for the young couple as a bedroom.
For the New Year, they prepare a special shelf to venerate San no Kami 産の神 the Deity of Birth together with 若年様 the Deity of the New Year.

. san no kami お産の神 deity of birth .

.......................................................................　Saitama 埼玉県 .....
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Saitama 北埼玉郡 Kita-Saitama district 騎西町 Kisai town

Toshigami sama 年神様
This Deity comes on the morning of the New Year, so the master of the house has to prepare the decorations and offerings.
The Deity leaves the home on u no hi 卯の日 the first day of the rabbit and the decorations and offerings are taken down.
The food offerings are used to prepare zooni 雑煮 New Year soup.

.......................................................................　Shimane 島根県 .....

Toshigami Sama 年神様
This deity brings a special toshidama 年玉 New Year Gift on the last day of the Year.
Once a man, who did not want go get older, hid in the thicket to have a look. Since Toghigami threw the gifts from above, he could not see him.
So he could not help but getting older another year.

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Shimane 八束郡 Yatsuka district 美保町 Miho town

Toshigami 年神
has only one leg. Once he came down in a field of nasu 茄子 eggplants and lost one leg.

.......................................................................　Tokushima 徳島県 .....

January 15th is called okuri-shogatsu 送り正月 "seeing off the New Year".
All the decorations made for the New Year are being taken to the local Shinto shrine and burned in a special ritual.
After that special kagamimochi 鏡餅 rice cakes for the New Year are offered, they are fried in this fire, taken home and eaten with the family.

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Tokushima 池田町 Ikeda town

January 15 is the koshoogatsu 小正月 "small New Year", 歳徳神 Toshitokujin is offered a new light and special food on the shelf.

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Tokushima 美馬郡 Mima district 貞光町 Sadamitsu town

January 15 is the koshoogatsu 小正月 "small New Year", sometimes called agari shoogatsu 上がり正月 - day to put down the New Year decorations and sending 歳徳神 Toshitokujin home.

.......................................................................
Tokushima 三野町 Mino town

January 15 is the koshoogatsu 小正月 "small New Year, sometimes called okuri shoogatsu おくり正月 "sending the New Year off".
The New Year decorations are burned at the local Shinto Shrine or under a bridge.
歳徳神 Toshitokujin is sent off with the smoke of these fires.

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Tokushima 三好郡 Miyoshi district 東祖谷山村 Higashi-Iyayamason village

年神さん，正月神さん okuri shoogatsu オクリ正月
January 15 is 小正月 the small new year, also called okuri shoogatsu オクリ正月.
All the food offerings from the kamidana 年棚 shelf are put into a pot and cooked over a fire.
The Deity uses the smoke of the fire to go back to the sky.

.......................................................................　Yamaguchi 山口県 .....
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豊浦郡 Toyoura district 豊浦町 Toyoura town // 大歳神社 Otoshi Jinja

. ushi oni, ushioni, gyuuki 牛鬼 "bull-demon" .
In the year 958, the monster Ushioni came from 新羅国 Silla in Korea and lived at the castle of mount 鬼ヶ城山 Onigajo. From there he did a lot harm to the farmers living there.
The daughter of the priest a the shrine 大歳神社 Otoshi Jinja became the concubine of this Ushioni.
On the evening of th 14th day of the 10th lunar month, the priest shot an arrow at the Ushioni and hit his eye. The Demon fled to the mountain and died on its top.
Since then the mountain is called Mount Onigajo.
Flies at the top of the mountain have only one eye.

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- reference : nichibun yokai database -
年神 /
09 正月様 (01)
51 元旦 gantan - collecting in the comments

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- source : pinterest -

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[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]
- #toshitokujin #newyear #toshigami #koshogatsu #kamidana #kagamimochi #sainokami -
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EDO - Nankaido area

Edo - the EDOPEDIA -

Nankaido Gokishichido

- quote
a Japanese geographical term.
It means both an ancient division of the country and the main road running through it. The road connected provincial capitals in this region.
It was part of the 五畿七道 Gokishichidō system.
The Nankaidō encompassed the pre-Meiji provincial lands of Kii and Awaji, plus the four provinces that made up the island of Shikoku: Awa, Sanuki, Tosa, and Iyo.
The road extended from Nara to the seacoast to the south on the 紀伊半島 Kii Peninsula of the island of Honshū in Japan and crossing the sea, extended to Yura (nowadays Sumoto) and then Shikoku.
- source : wikipedia

- Areas along the Nankaido
紀伊国 Kii no Kuni （現在の和歌山県 Wakayama、三重県南部 Southern Mie）
淡路国 Awaji no Kuni（現在の兵庫県淡路島 Hyogo, Awaji、沼島 Nushima）
阿波国 Awa no Kuni （現在の徳島県 Tokushima）
讃岐国 Sanuki no Kuni （現在の香川県 Kagawa）
伊予国 Io no Kuni （現在の愛媛県 Ehime）
土佐国 Tosa no Kuni （現在の高知県 Kochi）

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Gokishichidō 五畿七道 Gokishichido - Five provinces and seven roads
kinai shichidoo 畿内七道 .

- quote -

Gokishichidō (五畿七道, "five provinces and seven circuits")
was the name for ancient administrative units organized in Japan during the Asuka period (AD 538–710), as part of a legal and governmental system borrowed from the Chinese. Though these units did not survive as administrative structures beyond the Muromachi period (1336–1573), they did remain important geographical entities until the 19th century.
The Gokishichidō consisted of five provinces in the Kinai (畿内) or capital region, plus seven dō (道) or circuits, each of which contained provinces of its own.
When Hokkaido was included as a circuit after the defeat of the Republic of Ezo in 1869, the system was briefly called Gokihachidō (五畿八道, "five provinces and eight circuits") until the abolition of the han system in 1871.

- - - - - The five Kinai provinces
were local areas in and around the imperial capital (first Heijō-kyō at Nara, then Heian-kyō at Kyōto). They were:
Yamato Province (now Nara Prefecture)
Yamashiro Province (now the southern part of Kyōto Prefecture, including the city of Kyōto)
Kawachi Province (now the southeastern part of Osaka Prefecture)
Settsu Province (now the northern part of Osaka Prefecture, including the city of Osaka, and parts of Hyōgo Prefecture)
Izumi Province (now the southern part of Osaka Prefecture)

- - - - - The seven Circuits
... administrative areas stretching away from the Kinai region in different directions. Running through each of the seven areas was an actual road of the same name, connecting the imperial capital with all of the provincial capitals along its route.
-- Eastern sea circuit / Tōkaidō (running east along Japan's Pacific coast).
-- Eastern mountains circuit / Tōsandō (northeast through the Japanese Alps).
-- Northern land circuit / Hokurikudō (northeast along the Sea of Japan coast).
-- Dark (Northern) mountains circuit / Sanindō (west along the Sea of Japan coast).
-- Light (Southern) mountains circuit / Sanyōdō (west along the northern side of the Seto Inland Sea).
-- Southern sea circuit / Nankaidō (south to the Kii Peninsula and the islands of Awaji and Shikoku).
-- Western sea circuit / Saikaidō (the "western" island, Kyūshū).
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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- quote -

Nankaido - Walking in Wakayama
- reference source : wakayama-kanko.or.jp/walk... -

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- - - - - H A I K U and S E N R Y U - - - - -

屠蘇酌むや南海道の鯨守り
toso nomu ya Nankaido no kujira mori

広江八重桜 Hiroe Yaezakura (1879 - 1945)

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