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Jiun Onkoo 慈雲飲光 Priest Jiun Onko
(1718 – 1804/1805)
百不知童子、葛城山人、雙龍叟 - 慈雲尊者 Jiun Sonja
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Daruma: "I do not know"
This painting represents the first Zen patriarch, often referred to as Daruma in Japanese, but more properly called by his Sanskrit name Bodhidharma. He is believed to have been moved from India to China in the fifth and sixth century and there, through meditation, finally came to understand the Buddhist law (dharma). This is why his figure often occurs alongside Zen calligraphy, representing the continuous struggle to learning the Buddhist teachings.
Images of Bodhidharma express his effort to established continuity with Zen Buddhist teachings. This painting belongs to that tradition but Jiun, thanks to his unique flaked style, transformed the silhouette of the patriarch in an abstract form: with only two strokes, the artist portrays the monk in meditation while, above, two characters stand out: "I do not know" (Fushiki).
The concept is short, direct and powerful. It refers to a dialogue between Daruma and Emperor Wu of the Liang Dynasty and capture the essence of Zen Buddhism: as reported in 'Hekiganroku (published in 1300), the emperor met the monk in the year 520, and asked him about how he had obtained for supporting Buddhism; when he says "absolutely nothing" the Emperor, irritated, asked what was then the foundation of Buddhism and the answer was "a great void and no holiness." More and more annoyed, he then asked "Who are you?" And Bodhidharma replied " I do not know".
After this dialogue Bodhidharma was no more welcome at the court and he took refuge in a cave in the Shaolin temple on Mount Song, where he sat in meditation for nine years. The painting represents this first development status of Chinese Zen tradition: Bodhidharma who sits still and quiet in front of a white wall.
Jiun Onko (Jiun Sonja), one of the greatest Japanese Zen artist, born in Osaka, joined the cloister when he was thirteen, studied the Confucianism, the Shingon esoteric Buddhism and the Soto Zen. He was an excellent scholar, he learned Sanskrit been interested in ancient Buddhist manuscripts and learn the basic teachings of Buddhism; he founded in fact a movement that wanted to bring Buddhism back to its origins ("True Dharma").
He was one of the reformers of the Edo period Zen and, still today, he is considered one of the greatest Zen calligraphers ever in Japan. His works are in all the museum collections of Japanese art all over the world.
- source : giuseppepiva.com/c -
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founder of 雲伝神道 Unden Shinto
葛城神道 Katsuragi Shinto
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Unden Shinto was founded by Jiun Sonja (1718-1804), a Shingon priest who attempted to enhance Shinto through a fusion with Buddhist and Confucian ideas. Comparing the similarities between the I Ching and Shinto writings on such views as the heavenly mandate, divination, numerology, gods and spirits, and politics, he alleged that the creation of
the I Ching may have been influenced by Shinto. According to Chinese tradition, Fu Hsi created the eight trigrams based on the Ho t'u (Yellow River diagram). Jiun speculated that the Ho t'u was inspired by a Shinto mirror: "The images of the Ho t'u were manifested through the Okitsu Mirror [a round bronze mirror kept in the geku (Outer Shrine) of the Ise Shrine, one of the ten Shinto treasures]. Fu Hsi used the Ho t'u as the base for drawing the eight trigrams." .....
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Jiun's discussions on the Shinto origins of the I Ching were only piecemeal. He did not address important questions, such as how Fu Hsi and other Chinese sages were influenced by Shinto. A full-fledged theory of the Shinto origins of the I Ching did not appear until the emergence of the Hirata school a few decades later.
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Jiun strove to return to original Buddhism by studying Buddhist sutras in Sanskrit. For his Buddhist views, see Paul B. Watt, "Jiun Sonja (1718-1804): A Response Confucianism within the Context of Buddhist Reform," in Nosco, Confucianism and Tokugawa Culture, pp. 188-214.
The I Ching in the Shinto Thought of Tokugawa Japan
By Wai-ming Ng
- source : University of Hawaii Press -
The Complete Works of the Venerable Jiun (Jiun Sonja zenshū).
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Unden Shintō
A branch of Shinto founded by the Edo-period Shingon monk Jiun Onkō (1718-1804).
As Jiun lived on Mt. Katsuragi, it is also called Katsuragi Shintō. Jiun's learning extended not only to esoteric Buddhism, siddham (Sanskrit philology), and Zen, but also to Confucianism and Shinto. In particular, he revived the monastic precepts through his promulgation of what he called the Precepts of the True Dharma (shōbōritsu). He also composed the Bongaku shinryō in one thousand fascicles, and made a great compilation covering the history of siddham studies; he was one of the outstanding scholars of his era. In response to the criticisms of Buddhism leveled by the Confucianists and Shintoists of his time, he attempted a reconstruction of the ancient Ryōbu Shintō. Some of his works relating to Shinto include Shin-Ju gudan (A Conversation Between Shintō and Confucianism), Shintō yōgo (Important Terms in Shintō), Shintō kokuga (Songs of the Shintō Realm), Shinchoku kuden (Oral Transmissions on the Oracles of the Gods), Ten no mikage (The Beneficence of Heaven).
Jiun held that no distinction existed between Shinto and esoteric Buddhism, and that it would be impossible to learn the essence of Shinto without also understanding esoteric Buddhism. Further, he was considered noteworthy for locating the basic meaning of Shinto in the relationship between lord and retainer while criticizing the Confucianists' emphasis on the marriage relationship or the relationship between friends; he is also known for arguing that Japan was a "divine land" (shinkoku) in which there was no need for the appearance of Confucian sages.
In these ways, Jiun diverged from the previous position that regarded Buddhism as principal and Shinto as subsidiary, taking a stance closer to Revivalist Shinto (Fukko Shintō) nationalism. Jiun's writings relating to Shinto are now collected in Volume 10 of The Complete Works of the Venerable Jiun (Jiun Sonja zenshū).
- source : Ito Satoshi - kokugakuin 2006 -
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慈雲尊者とは
１．慈雲尊者
２．正法律思想
３．尊者の袈裟
４．尊者の著作
５．尊者の容貌
６． 生誕三百年記念奉賛会について
- reference : horakuji.hello-net.info/jiun -
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perseverance
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buji kore kinin - inactivity
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- reference : Jiun Onko -
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. Legends and Tales from Japan 伝説 - Introduction .
There are various temples named 慈雲寺 Jiun-Ji, some come with legends.
................................................................................. Miyagi 宮城県
Temple 山王慈雲寺
もと近くの一里塚にあり、天保の飢饉に「泣くな騒ぐな秋まで待てよ、百に三升の米かせる」という歌を詠んで世直しを予言。子供の夜泣をとめる信仰があり、願をかけるときはつなぎ藁でしばり、願ほどきには赤い頭巾か腹かけを奉納する。
出羽寒河江の慈雲寺の覚明阿闍梨が京都の仏師安阿弥快慶に頼んで笈分如来を作ってもらった。その笈分如来の夢の告げにより、泉ヶ岳のふもと、金畑に菩提樹を植えた。のち、南の川崎に移るが、ここにも植えつぎの同じ木がある。
................................................................................. Ibaragi 茨城県
下土師では、道祖神に追いかけられた弁天様が、慈雲寺境内の弁天池に祀られている。
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- reference : nichibun yokai database -
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. shinbutsu in Edo 江戸の神仏 Kami and Hotoke in Edo .
shinbutsu shūgō 神仏習合 - Syncretism of Shinto and Buddhism
shinbutsu bunri 神仏分離 - Separation of Shinto and Buddhism.
. Persons and People of Edo - Personen .
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. Edo bakufu 江戸幕府 The Edo Government .
. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo 江戸の名所 .
. Doing Business in Edo - 商売 - Introduction .
. Japanese Architecture - Interior Design - The Japanese Home .
. Legends and Tales from Japan 伝説 - Introduction .
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Posted By Gabi Greve to Edo - the EDOPEDIA - on 7/08/2016 01:04:00 pm
