TENGU - Karasutengu Karasu Tengu

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. Tengupedia - 天狗ペディア　- Tengu ABC-Index .
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Karasutengu, Karasu Tengu 烏天狗、からす天狗 / カラステング Crow Tengu カラス天狗
kotengu　小天狗 minor Tengu, crow-like goblin
sakaidori 境鳥（さかいどり）"Bird at the Border"
Aotengu 青天狗 Ao-Tengu "Green / Blue Tengu"


Karasu Tengu from 鞍馬山 Mount Kuramayama

- quote
In Japanese mythology, the Karasu tengu, or minor tengu,
is a supernatural being with the head and wings of a black crow. They serve Daitengu, which are fallen yamabushi (monks), tall men with big noses and red faces who can create tornadoes using fans of bird feathers they carry in their sandals.
Karasu Tengu ("Crow" Tengu) 烏天狗
The ancient form of the Tengu was the "karasu" or "crow" Tengu. Portrayed as an evil crow-like creature with the body of a man, it was capable of kidnapping adults and children, starting fires, and ripping apart those who willfully damaged the forest, for the Tengu live in trees.
Sometimes, too, the Tengu would abduct human beings, only to release them later, but the "lucky" survivor would return home in a state of dementia (called "Tengu Kakushi, meaning "hidden by a Tengu").
A Karasu Tengu is rather small, with the head and wings of a black crow. Some say that Tengu don't want human society to become stable and powerful, so they intervene to provoke war and civil disorder.
- source : Mark Schumacher



source : ja.wikipedia
秋葉山 Akibayama, Akiba Yama
河鍋暁斎画 Kawanabe Kyōsai 東海道名所之内
Depicting the 木の葉天狗 Konoha Tengu living in a tree,
expressing 人畜無害, men and animals are harmless

. Akibagongen 秋葉権現 Akiba Gongen - priest Kanekuni .


- quote -
Kotengu may conversely be depicted as more bird-like. They are sometimes called Karasu-Tengu (烏天狗, crow tengu), or koppa- or konoha-tengu (木葉天狗, 木の葉天狗 foliage tengu).
Inoue Enryō described two kinds of tengu in his Tenguron: the great daitengu, and the small, bird-like konoha-tengu who live in Cryptomeria trees. The konoha-tengu are noted in a book from 1746 called the Shokoku Rijin Dan (諸国里人談), as bird-like creatures with wings two meters across which were seen catching fish in the Ōi River, but this name rarely appears in literature otherwise.
- source : wikipedia -


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. Karura, Garura (Garuda) 迦楼羅 "Bird Man".



An Indian Deity, which also eats dragons and takes away misfortune from the humans.
Often depicted with a hichiriki 篳篥 flute. One foot is moving to show the beat of his music.
He is one of the Hachi Bushū (Hachibushu, Hachibushuu) 八部衆
Eight Legions, Eight Deva Guardians of Buddhism

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. hariko men 張子面 papermachee mask .


source : folkcraft.samurai47.com
Miharu Hariko, Fukushima 三春張り子【福島】




CLICK for more samples !

Tengu mask amulet from
. Isono Jinja 伊曽乃神社 - Ehime .

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. tsuchi ningyoo 土人形 tsuchiningyo clay dolls .




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. dorei どれい / 土鈴 clay bells .





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. ema 絵馬 votive tablets .



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Tengu on boar 猪に乗った天狗

和漢名筆金玉画府＜１７７１年＞に木版印刷された古閑による絵から
Fig. 19. From a drawing by Kokan,
engraved in the Wa-Kan mei-hitsu kingioku ga-fu (1771).)
- source : db.nichibun.ac.jp/ja -





Crow Tengu Riding Boar (Karasu Tengu 烏天狗騎猪)
Late Edo Period Painting by Kaihō Yūtoku, Sairin-ji Temple 西林寺, Kyoto.

In paintings and woodblock prints, the boar often appears as the steed of the tengu or of their king, Sōjōbō 僧正坊. Sōjōbō is closely linked to famed warrior Minamoto no Yoshitsune 源義経 (1159-1189), one of Japan's most revered samurai. In a well-known legend, Yoshitsune lived among the tengu in his youth and received training in the arts of war from Sōjōbō himself.
Note:
The Buddhist martial deity Marishiten is also often shown riding atop a boar.

Another possible interpretation of the above image relates to the following Zen story:

"One day a hunter was in the mountains when he happened to see a snake killing a bird. Suddenly a boar appeared and began to devour the snake. The hunter thought he should kill the boar, but changed his mind because he did not want to be a link in such a chain, and cause his own death by the next predator to come along. On his way home he heard a voice call to him from the top of a tree. It was the voice of a tengu. It told him how lucky he was, for had he killed the boar, the tengu would have killed him.
The man subsequently moved into a cave and never killed another animal."
- source : Mark Schumacher -

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- source : Jessica on facebook -

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. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

At the time of Tokugawa Ieyasu
there lived a strong priest in a temple. Once there came a Karasu Tengu to him and asked for his help in a fight with his worst enemy. He wanted to use the right arm of the priest, but he could not possibly cut it off . . . So the priest agreed to borrow just the "strenght of his arm". After seven days, the Tengu gave the power back to his arm.
As a sign of his gratitude, he left his nails with the priest 天狗の爪.

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............................................................................ Aichi 愛知県
北設楽郡 東栄町 Toei

reiyaku 霊薬 a wonder-drug, miraculous medicine
30年程前、為義は狩人をして渡世していた。その見た夢の話である。肺病の薬にする啄木鳥を捕ってくれと頼まれたが、そのとき大鷹に襲われた。羽毛は真っ白で、その羽毛の一つ一つに黄金の鈴がついていた。この鷹と思っていたのは鼻の尖った天狗のようなもので、この烏天狗に、ある草を3種類そろえてそれを黒焼にすればよいといわれたが、その3種類のうち蛇苺以外は思い出せなかったという。

............................................................................ Ehime 愛媛県
周桑郡 小松町 - Ishizuchiyama

村の者が男の子を連れて石槌山に登ったが子供の姿が消えた。家に帰ると子供は先に帰っていた。山頂で小便をしていると真っ黒い顔の大男が送ってやると声をかけ、目をつぶると家の裏庭に1人で立っていたという。烏天狗の仕業とされる。
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石槌山は天狗の巣である。麓の村では裏庭にある高い松に夜になると烏天狗がとまっているという。大きなムクの木にも闇の晩に天狗が来て休んだといい、小さな火の光が枝の間で光っていると言われた。


. 蒲生家 The Kamo clan of Matsuyama .



............................................................................ Fukui 福井県
三方郡 Mikata

The お使い messenger of 三方石観音 Mikata Ishi Kannon / 三方石観世音 Mikata Ishi Kanzeon is Karasu Tengu.

- quote -
One night sometime in the Enryaku Period (about 1,200 years ago) the priest Kobo Daishi had secluded himself in this mountain area and was carving a stone (ishi) statue of the Kannon (Goddess of Mercy). However he was forced to abandon his effort upon hearing a rooster crow to announce the daybreak. He left the mountain and the statue's right hand remained unfinished.
This site is now designated as a special holy site along the Hokuriku 33 Kannon Pilgrimage and, on account of the statue's missing limb, is said to have healing powers for limb disabilities. The path to the mountainside away from the Main Hall leads to a spring called 'Kannon Reisui' and, in March 2006, the spring's water 'Fukui no Oishii Mizu' (Fukui's Delicious Water) was recognised as among the very best from Fukui.
- source : town.fukui-wakasa.lg.jp -

- - - - - HP of the temple
- source : mmnet-ai.ne.jp -



............................................................................ Fukushima 福島県
いわき市 Iwaki 川中子 Kawanakago

At the 愛宕神社 Atago Shrine of Kawanakago there is a 小絵馬 votive tablet of Karasu Tengu. It has 神通力 great spriitual power and grants the wishes of people.
いわき市川中子の愛宕神社には、からす天狗の小絵馬が奉納されている。神通力によって願い事を叶えるためだという。


............................................................................ Iwate 岩手県
平泉町 Hiraizumi

. 中尊寺薬師堂 Yakushido Hall at Chuzon-Ji .
... there is the skull of a Karasu Tengu.


Another 鳥天狗の頭蓋骨 Karasu Tengu skull at Wakayama, Jikoenpuku-In 　第22番 清涼山・慈光圓福院


source :　youshowhm.exblog.jp



............................................................................ Nagano 長野県
飯田市 Iida

山伏の天狗信仰が民衆の間に入り、その恐ろしい形相などから妖魔・悪疫を退治する力があると信じられている。

............................................................................ Osaka 大阪府

. Kite 凧 tako and Tengu blowing wind .


............................................................................ Shizuoka 静岡県
周智郡 春野町 Harunocho

岩岳山 Mount Iwatake has been opened by Aotengu 青天狗 Ao-Tengu（烏天狗 Karasu Tengu).

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Saishooin 景勝院 Saisho-In
景勝院の住職が碁を打ちに夜外出すると、寺で火事が起きた。駆けつけた住職が念珠をもんで叫ぶと屋根の上に四つの烏天狗が現れた。寺は焼け落ちたが大半のものは助かったという。


............................................................................ Toyama 富山県

カラス天狗とは屋敷神の名前である。ハラの神、ハッチョウの神、ゴンゲンサマとも呼ばれている。
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渡辺の子孫は布谷に住み、家を継続してきた。道路を造ったり村の開発を進めてきた。落人の一例ではあるが、現在でもその屋敷神が残っている。


............................................................................ Yamagata 山形県

. Tengu from Shōnai 庄内　- 伝説 Shonai Yamagata Legends .
永泉寺


............................................................................ Yamanashi 山梨県
道志村 Doshi

Kanchiki yokai, カンチキ monster like a Kappa 河童
This is a monster that lives in the deep ravine.
It has a tortoise shield on its back like a Kappa and his hair is long like that of a Karasu Tengu.



It grabs the intestines through the anus and eats them and caused water accidents in children.

kanchiki 獰悪な獣型河童 from Yamanashi
- source : www5e.biglobe.ne.jp -


. Kappa densetsu　河童伝説 Kappa Legends .

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- reference : nichibun yokai database 妖怪データベース -

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. . . CLICK here for more Photos !

- reference - 烏天狗 -
- reference - "karasu tengu" -

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. Tengu 天狗と伝説 Tengu legends "Long-nosed Goblin" .

. - yookai, yōkai 妖怪 Yokai monsters - .

. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

. Mingei 民芸　Regional Folk　Art from Japan .

- #karasutengu -
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Posted By Gabi Greve to Kappa - The Kappapedia on 9/02/2016 09:26:00 am

PERSONS - Akkamura Shunsaku

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Akkamura Shunsaku 安家村俊作 "Shunsaku from Akkamura village"
佐々木俊作 Sasaki Shunsaku
(1810 - 1837)
Also known as 茂右衛門　Moemon, he later changed his name to Shunsaku.
He was the eldest son of the village leader 佐々木茂右衛門.

安家村 Akkamura is a small remote village in 岩手県 Iwate prefecture. In 1956 it became part of Iwaizumi 岩泉町安家.

Shunsuke was the leader of two farmer's rebellions in the Nanbu Domain 南部三閉伊一揆.
He kept a diary about the events in his village, its bad treatment by the Nanbu regents and the ongoing famine for about 19 years, from 1830 till 1848.
He was one of the leaders of the two
Sanhei Ikki 三閉伊一揆 Sanhei Rebellions of 1847 and 1854
after a severe famine, walking with about 16000 farmers and fishermen all the way to the domaine of the Date　伊達 in Sendai, asking for help.

It all begun with blowing a horagai ほら貝 conch shell from a small hill in 田野畑村 Tanohata village. The sound was heard and passed on and the people begun to move South. They wore a small straw bags with food and even took a bowl with them.
Every village carried their own flag.
Some even had fire weapons (the matagi hunters), others bamboo spears and swords.

They went South along the Tohoku coast, via 宮古 Miyako, 大槌 Otsuchi, 釜石 Kamaishi and finally to the domaine of Sendai.
This was just three days after Perry had shown up with four "black ships" in Uraga, near Edo.
The rebels had a long list of demands they wanted to be granted from their new regent, not only including the farmers and fishermen, but also merchants, salt producers, cloth dyers and other businesses.
Eventually their 49 demands 四十九カ条の要求 were granted in written, 「安堵状」, 「御百姓」
At first, nobody was punished for the rebellion. But eventually just one, Shunsaku, had to be punished to "keep the law".

Shunsaku was punished with exile to 下北半島 Shimokita Hanto.
He was later pardoned and went to Hokkaido, where he lived under the name of
菊池政美 Kikuchi Masami.

Shunsuke had also been to Shikoku in 1842, and took the chance to walk the Henro pilgrimage, writing another diary, 西国巡礼道中記 .

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安家村俊作 三閉伊一揆の民衆像 Akkamura Shunsaku : Sanhei ikki no minshūzō
Chadani Jūroku 茶谷十六 Chadani Juroku (1941 - )

- quote
佐々木俊作 Sasaki Shunsaku
1810－1873　江戸時代後期の農民。
- kotobank -

"安家村俊作とは　
安家村（あっかむら）は、昭和31年（1956年）まで岩手県下閉伊郡にあった村。現在の岩泉町安家にあたる。
- wikipedia -

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南部三閉伊一揆とは
四十九カ条の要求を実現
勤労人民の自覚と誇りが
一揆支えた自治と協同の力
- reference source : nouminren.ne.jp/dat - 新聞「農民」2002.9.16付

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俊作（菊地氏先祖代々）のお墓 Grave of Shunsaku and the Kikuchi family

安家村俊作 with photos (5)
俊作（菊地氏先祖代々）のお墓。
俊作の生家は安家村川口
『安家村俊作』　茶谷十六
『一揆の奔流』『一揆の奔涛』『いわいずみふるさとノート』　佐々木京一
- reference source : takuworld.blog15.fc2.com -

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. Welcome to Edo 江戸 ! .

. Famous Buddhist Priests - ABC-List .


. Introducing Japanese Haiku Poets .

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Posted By Gabi Greve to PERSONS - index - PERSONEN on 8/30/2016 05:06:00 pm

WKD - Masaoka Shiki bungo

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. Masaoka Shiki 正岡子規 .
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Masaoka Shiki - from Bungo to Nihongo
(1867, October 14 - 1902, September 19)　


Selected Poems of Masaoka Shiki
Translated by Janine Beichman

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quote
Centenary of the Death of Masaoka Shiki (1867-1902)
... Shiki expresses himself to us, in a simple and sincere voice, as though talking with the reader in private. By using the language of everyday life he raises it to a literary rank.
Masaoka Shiki's literary carrier burst into literature when the majority of authors were copying limitlessly the European and American literature of the Meiji restoration period. His poetical style was the shasei, meaning "drawing from life".
Using this informal, spoken language, he dared to denounce the importance of going back to the traditional roots of Japanese poetry, calling it a source in the process of defining modern Japanese modes of expression.
source : World Haiku Review . Susumu Takiguchi / Judit Vihar


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Shiki lived in a time of great changes and reforms in Japan.
After the opening of the country to the "West", the Japanese had to deal with new ideas on every level.
One of them was the Japanese language itself.

The use of BUNGO 文語 had been common for written texts. It had a grammar and vocabulary of its own and made use of difficult Kanji characters.

- quote -
The Classical Japanese language
(文語 Bungo, literally "Literary language"),
also called "Old writing" (古文 Kobun), is the literary form of the Japanese language that was the standard until the early Shōwa period (1926–89).
It is based on Early Middle Japanese, the language as spoken during the Heian period (794–1185), but exhibits some later influences.
Its use started to decline during the late Meiji period (1868–1912) when novelists started writing their works in the spoken form.
Eventually,
the spoken style came into widespread use, including in major newspapers, but many official documents were still written in the old style. After the end of World War II because of the Surrender of Japan, most documents switched to the spoken style, although the classical style continues to be used in traditional genres, such as haiku and waka. Old laws are also left in the classical style unless fully revised.
..... Old character forms (旧字体 Kyūjitai)
變 → 変 (hen "strange")
體 → 体 (karada "body")
眞 → 真 (makoto "truth")
..... Historical kana usage (歴史的仮名遣 Rekishi-teki kana-zukai)
..... Geminate (促音 Sokuon) rule
In 1946, the simplified 当用漢字 Toyo Kanji were declared official.
..... and more details are here:
- source : wikipedia -

Shiki was a strong advocate of the simpler form of every-day life of the Japanese language, so that anybody could write poetry or prose to express himself.
He wanted "the people" to write poems, not just an educated elite with an education in poetry, history and Chinese influence on Japanese writing.

He did not change the three conditions of a hokku
- 5 7 5
- one kireji (cut marker)
- one kigo (season word)

He advocated poetry meetings where people could write single, individual poems, not the first set of a renku linked verse.
And all they had to do was look around them and write about it (shasei at its simplest).

He advocated a change in the use of the language, and thus
re-named 発句　hokku to 俳句　haiku.

It reminds me of the modern translations of the Bible, which use a much different language than the first "translations".


俳句は季題を詠む詩である。
Haiku is poetry
that expresses itself through season words.

Masaoka Shiki 正岡子規

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A "Sketch from Life" was One of Shiki's Many Techniques
Masaoka Shiki: the Misunderstood Reformer, Critic and Poet
. Carmen Sterba, 2011 .

(1) to "pay more attention to lesser-known locales" rather than famous places,
(2) to walk and observe nature, but afterwards write at home,
(3) to focus on "material and theme in a way that will reveal [your] individuality,"
(4) to read other's haiku to be informed, and
(5) to know something of the history of tanka (originally called waka).

Ueda also suggests that Basho wrote about the "beauty of external nature" and Shiki wrote haiku based on "internal, psychological reality of what is truthful (makoto)."




- quote -
History of Magazines in Japan: 1867-1988
The first magazine of Japan was Seiyo-Zasshi, or Western Magazine, published in October 1867 by a scholar Shunzo Yanagawa. That was ten and some pages wood printed booklet, and six issues had been public until it closed in September 1869. Since then, the term Zasshi has been used for the translation of magazine.
- source : kanzaki.com/jpress -


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The efforts to make Japanese haiku accessible to more Japanese people
is going on.

. Local Japanese Kigo (chiboo kigo 地貌季語) .
Collecting regional kigo, sometimes even in dialect, from rural areas of Japan.
Natural phenomenon are included, and more interesting, the local festivals, food and other necessities of the daily life.
There are now quite a few regional Saijiki.

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The following poem came to my attention a few days ago.

. Yosa Buson 与謝蕪村 (1715-1783) .

薬盗む女やは有おぼろ月
kusuri nusumu onna ya ha aru oborozuki

A woman has
stolen the elixir of life
the hazy moon
Tr. Allan Persinger


This is a poem that can not be understood without a detailed knowledge of things Chinese.
This is just the kind of poem that Shiki would have rejected.

The background of this story is here
. Lady Chang-O, The Moon Lady .
Jooga 嫦娥 Joga, Chang'e
Kooga 姮娥（こうが）Koga, Heng'e


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Here is a haiku by Shiki himself, when he was too ill to get up any more.
He could only look at his front garden.

"teizen　庭前"　Front　Garden

鶏頭の十四五本もありぬべし
keitoo no juushigohon mo arinubeshi

there must be
about fourteen or fifteen
cockscombs . . .
Tr. Gabi Greve



In a recent documentary about the life of Shiki, I saw the cockscombs in his garden, a flower he liked very much. When he could not move around any more, his sister, who cared for him lovingly, planted the flowers a bit closer to the veranda.
Later, when he had to be in bed all the time, she re-planted them again so that he could still see them when he uplifted his upper body, holding on to a crutch under his arm. Counting the blossoms was one of his daily joys in his sickbed.

When he became completely bedridden, she replanted many flowers, including the hechima gourds, directly on the veranda in pots, so he could see them while lying on his back in bed.
- Gabi Greve, January 2010 -


More translations and background of this poem in my blog:
. keitoo 鶏頭 (けいとう) Cockscomb .

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Posted By Gabi Greve to Haiku Topics, Theory and Keywords .. (WKD - TOPICS ) at 8/01/2016 05:47:00 PM

PERSONS - Hakusanbo Priest taicho

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Hakusanboo　白山坊 Hakusan-Bo, Hakusanbo
The Priest from Hakusan
Hakusan (Shirayama) 白山 "White Mountain", Mount Haku

. Shirayama Hongu Shrine 白山本宮 Ishikawa .
- Introduction -
There are many Hakusan shrines 白山神社 in Japan.
白山寺 Hakusan-ji Temple


CLICK for more photos !

Taichoo, Taichō 泰澄上人　Saint Taicho Shonin / Taicho-Daishi 泰澄大師 (682 ?683 - 767)
Etsu no Daitoku 越の大徳 - Great Man of Virtue from Etsu
Unpen Shoonin 雲遍上人 Saint Unpen Shonin
Shiramine Daisoojo 天狗 白峰大僧正 Tengu Shiramine Daisojo
He was a teacher of Buddhism and later became a Tengu at Mount Hakusan.
He was the second son of the samurai family of Mikami no Yasuzumi 三神安角（みかみのやすずみ）and became a monk at age 14.

He practised austerities at 愛宕山 Mount Atago together with En no Gyoja 役小角 En no Ozunu, where they met three Tengu and got special teachings and training.
While they were at the mountain, a strong rain hindered their meditation and they prayed for help.
Suddenly three Great Tengu 大天狗 appeared, Nichiryo from India 天竺（インド）の日良, Zegai from China 唐の善界 and Tarobo from Japan 日本の太郎坊.
"We have protected the Buddhist Law for more than 2000 years and helped the people who lived there."
Then they disappeared.
Taicho declared the huge sugi cedar tree 杉 where this happened「清滝四所明神」Kiyotaki Shisho Myojin and on orders from the Court built a mausoleum for the emperor where the Deity 愛宕大権現 Atago Gongen was venerated, now 白雲寺 Hakuun-Ji（愛宕神社 Atago Jinja).
(This legend became popular in the Edo period.
And thus 愛宕山太郎坊 Tarobo from Mount Atago became the Boss of all Japanese Tengu.)

. Atago Jinja 愛宕神社　The Atago shrines of Japan .
Mount Atago　愛宕山, Kameoka, Kyoto.


Priest Taicho kept on travelling. In 117年 he climbed mount Hakusan in Echizen province and enshrined a "super Bosatsu" :
Myoori Daibosatsu 妙理大菩薩 The Godess Myori Daibosatsu.

In 717, the great Buddhist monk and teacher, Taicho Daishi, guided by a woodcutter Gongoro Sasakiri, climbed high up Mount Hakusan, an isolated sacred mountain, in order to meditate.
One night,
while Taicho was sleeping after beginning his rigorous regime of spiritual exercises, the guardian deity of Mount Hakusan appeared to him in a dream and said:
'Lying about twenty-three kilometers from the foot of the mountain is a village called Awazu. There you will find an underground spring of hot water with wondrous, curative powers, which have been bestowed upon it by Yakushi Nyorai, the Divine Healer. However, the villagers are unaware of this blessing. Go down from the mountain and go to Awazu. With the people of the village, unearth the hot spring and it will serve them forever.'"

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- quote -
Hooshi Ryookan 法師旅館　Ryokan Hotel Hoshi
石川県小松市粟津温泉 Ishikawa, Komatsu, Awazu Onsen
The roots of (Hooshi) Hoshi, the most ancient inn all over the world are truly divine. According to legend in 717 a noted monk Taicho hiked high up Mt Hakusan, a saint and isolated mountain. While Taicho was asleep one night after starting his rigid training exercises, the God of Hakusan turned up while sleeping.

He ordered him to go to a village known as Awazu as there was an underground hot spring with wondrous powers. The people of the village did not know of the good fortune. After dreaming Taicho made his way down to the village and uncovered the gem laying underneath the earth's surface. Afterwards the priest requested his disciple to build and operate a spa at the site.

Generation after generation, Hoshi proprietors got the name 善吾楼　Zengoro Hoshi. The first Zengoro guided Taicho Daishi to the top of Mt. Hakusan. Quite a few people undergoing illnesses visited the spa built. People started making donations. He then used the money to expand the services he offered.
- reference source : nvisionservices.com -


- quote -
Kippoji Temple 吉峰寺　
It is believed that this temple was established by Taicho Daishi (the great teacher). Dogen Zenji stayed at this Dojo (Buddhist's training school) from the start of his days in the Echizen province. ...
... there is also 'Kaizan Zazen Ishi' which is a rock where it is said that Dogen sat in Zen meditation. Next to it is a spring flowing from Mt. Hakusan.

Yoshinogatake - Zaosan
This mountain is one of top 5 mountains in Echizen. Many holy and miraculous spots are found there, such as 'Zao Gongendo' that Taicho Daishi is said to have enshrined. Ruins of an accommodation for the people who were training on the mountain during the Heian period can be found here, along with the holy spring called 'Akamizu', which mountain ascetics in training offered to the gods and Buddha.
- source : zennosato.jp/310_annai -


- quote -
Power of Water: Mt. Haku
Height: 2702.14m
Location: Gifu, Fukui and Ishikawa prefectures
Mt. Haku was first scaled in 717 by Shintoist Taicho, and has since then attracted many worshippers.
- source : jpninfo.com　 -

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- quote
北陸白山御前峰の天狗 - 白峰大僧正
The Tengu Shiramine Daisoojo 白峰大僧正 Shiramine Daisojo


- source : Toyota Toki とよた 時 / 画房【とよだ 時】 Toyoda Toki

The "White Mountain" has three important peaks
Gozenpō 御前峰 Gozenpo (2,702 meters), Ōnanjimine 大汝峰 Onanjimine (2,684 meters) and 剣ヶ峰 Kengamine (2,677 meters). A bit further away is 別山 Mount Bessan.
Taicho climbed the moutani with a disciple and eventually became
白峰大僧正という天狗 the Great Tengu Priest of Shiramine.

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- quote -
- - - 役小角と泰澄が太郎坊と出会う天狗伝説
- reference source : fushigi-chikara.jp/sonota -

- reference - 白山坊 -
- reference - Hakusanbo -

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- quote -
白山坊（はくさんぼう）とは白い狐の妖怪で、
Hakusanbo is a white fox Yokai !
妖怪キツネ白山坊　Yokai Kitsune Hakusanbo
by Mizuki Shigeru

An old white fox of more than 100 years, appears in the movie ゲゲゲの鬼太郎 Gegege no Kitaro
The origin dates back to the Edo period collection of Yokai
絵本百物語 Ehon Hyaku Monogatari.


CLICK for more photos !

妖狐・白山坊の花嫁
白山坊 ビバ! お化け屋敷

布をまとった狐の顔をした妖怪。
強い妖力を持ち、無生物を操ったり、無生物に化けたり出来る。また、術をかけることで人間に幸運を授ける、人の心を操る、普通の狐に言葉を話せるようにするなどの行為が可能。
基本的には、危機的状態にある人間に対し「命を助けてやる、ただし娘が16歳になったら嫁にもらう」という契約を持ちかけ、その後もらった娘を、嫁と称して食べようとする。
江戸時代の奇談集『絵本百物語』
にある狐の妖怪・白蔵主をモチーフにしたものとの説がある[1]。

- reference source : wikipedia -


source : Stan on facebook


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. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

. Mingei 民芸　Regional Folk　Art from Japan .

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Posted By Gabi Greve to Kappa - The Kappapedia on 9/02/2016 10:00:00 am

KAPPA - Joga, Chang-e, Koga Yokai

- Yōkai 妖怪 Yokai monsters - - ABC-Index -
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Jooga 嫦娥 Joga, Chang'e
Kooga 姮娥（こうが）Koga, Heng'e
Lady Chang-O, The Moon Lady
A sennyo 仙女 Sennyo fairy, nymph from Chinese mythology.


Chang'e flees to the moon (Joga hongetsu tsuki)
Tsukioka Yoshitoshi

- quote
嫦娥收玉兔 Chang'e receives the Jade Rabbit
Chang'e ordered the moon rabbit to make a new immortality medicine for her once she had ascended to the moon from the earth after consuming the original, which she stole from her husband, so that she could return to him.
Chang'e (嫦娥 Joga) is a Chinese Princess. She drank the Horai Elixir, for which she was imprisoned on the Moon.

Chang'e or Chang-o,
originally known as Heng'e, is the Chinese goddess of the Moon. She is the subject of several legends in Chinese mythology, most of which incorporate several of the following elements: Houyi the archer, a benevolent or malevolent emperor, an elixir of life, and of course, the Moon.
In modern times, Chang'e has been the namesake of the Chinese Lunar Exploration Program.

There are many tales about Chang'e, including a well-known story which is given as the origin of the Mid-Autumn Moon Festival. In a very distant past, ten suns had risen together into the skies and scorched the earth, thus causing hardship for the people. The archer Yi shot down nine of them, leaving just one sun, and was given the elixir of immortality as a reward. He did not consume it straight away, but hid it at home, as he did not want to gain immortality without his beloved wife Chang'e. However, while Yi went out hunting, Fengmeng broke into his house and tried to force Chang'e to give him the elixir; she refused and drank it herself. Chang'e then flew upwards towards the heavens, choosing the moon as residence. Yi discovered what had transpired and felt sad, so he displayed the Fruits and Cakes that Chang'e had liked, and gave sacrifices to her.



- Worship
The recently rediscovered divination text Guizang contains the story of Chang'e as a story providing the meaning to Hexagram 54 of the I Ching, "Returning Maiden".
On Mid-Autumn Day, the full Moon night of the eighth lunar month, an open-air altar is set up facing the Moon for the worship of Chang'e. New pastries are put on the altar for her to bless. She is said to endow her worshipers with beauty.
- She is also well liked in popular culture ...
- source : wikipedia


. Rabbit pounding rice in the Moon .
- Introduction -

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. Yosa Buson 与謝蕪村 (1715-1783) .

薬盗む女やは有おぼろ月
kusuri nusumu onna ya ha aru oborozuki

A woman has
stolen the elixir of life
the hazy moon
Tr. Allan Persinger

The cut marker YA is in the middle of line 2.

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嫦娥奔月 Jooga tsuki ni noboru
Joga ascending to the Moon
Chinese stamp from 1999



- source : pddlib.v.wol.ne.jp/photo/stamp/joga -

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- Reference -

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. Kappa densetsu　河童伝説, Kappa minwa 河童民話 - Legends - Introduction .

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Posted By Gabi Greve to Kappa - The Kappapedia on 8/30/2016 09:56:00 am

PERSON - Yukawa Shodo

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Yukawa Shoodoo 湯川松堂 Yukawa Shodo
(1868 - ? )

Painter of Nihonga 日本画家.
He was born in Wakayama, and know as Ainosuke 愛之助.
His teachers were 三谷貞広 Mitani Sadahiro and 鈴木松年 Suzuki Shonen (1848 - 1918).
He lived in Osaka and was still alive in 1915.
The exact date of his death is not known.


- quote
湯川松堂筆　　達磨図 Daruma










- source : chilyarennjiyanoyasai

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湯川松堂筆『達磨図』Standing Daruma






- source : -

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- Reference - 湯川松堂 -
- Reference - Yukawa Shodo painter -


. Introducing Japanese Haiku Poets .

- - - #yukawashodo - - -
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. Famous Buddhist Priests - ABC-List .

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Posted By Gabi Greve to PERSONS - index - PERSONEN on 8/30/2016 01:38:00 pm

PERSON - Baisao old tea seller

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. Persons and People of Edo - Personen .
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Baisaoo, Baisaō 売茶翁 Baisao, "Old Tea Seller"
賣茶翁 （ばいさおう） / 高遊外 Ko Yugai.
(1675 – 1763)


Baisaō with his portable tea stand,
as depicted in a gently comical caricature painting of the late 19th–early 20th century

- quote
was a Japanese Buddhist monk of the Obaku school of Zen Buddhism, who became famous for traveling around Kyoto selling tea. The veneration of Baisao during and after his lifetime helped to popularize sencha tea and led to the creation of the sencha tea ceremony.

Baisao went by many names during his lifetime, as was common at the time. As a child, he was known as Shibayama Kikusen. When he became a monk, his Zen priest name was 月海元昭 Gekkai Gensho. Baisao, the nickname by which he is popularly known, means "old tea seller." He acquired this name from his act of making tea in the Kyoto area.
Later in his life, he denounced his priesthood and adopted the lay name of 高遊外 Ko Yugai.

Baisao was born in the town of Hasuike in what was then Hizen Province.
- snip -
Tea
Around 1735, Baisao began selling tea in the various scenic locations in Kyoto. At this time, he had not yet formally given up his priesthood. Baisao never sold his tea for a fixed price. Instead, he carried a bamboo tube with which he collected donations. He lived an ascetic life, despite his lasting friendships with illustrious individuals, and used the meagre donations from his tea peddling to keep himself nourished. As for his tea equipment, he carried it all in a woven bamboo basket he called Senka ("den of the sages") that he lugged around on a stick over his shoulder.

Baisao's method of preparing tea was referred to as sencha, or "simmered tea". In this method, whole tea leaves would be tossed into a pot of boiling water and simmered for a short period of time. This style of tea differed from matcha, the most common tea in Japan at the time, which consists of tea leaves ground into a fine powder. The method of brewing tea by grinding it into a powder and whisking it with hot water was popular in China in the Song dynasty, during which Zen Buddhist monks first brought the practice to Japan. By contrast, the Obaku school of Zen specialized in brewing loose leaf green tea, a style that had gradually become popular in China during the Ming dynasty. Sencha partisans of the time opposed the rigid, elaborate formalism of the traditional chanoyu tea ceremony, which uses matcha. The comparative simplicity of adding tea leaves to water appealed to many Japanese monks and intellectuals (among them Baisao and much of his social circle) who admired the carefree attitude advocated by the ancient Chinese sages. Baisao himself saw tea as a path to spiritual enlightenment, a point he made repeatedly in his poetry.

It is not known where Baisao originally obtained his tea leaves from, but by 1738, the sencha method of brewing tea had become popular enough that one of his acquaintances, a tea grower in Uji, developed new production methods to create a type of tea named after the brewing method. This sencha tea was made of whole, young leaves which were steamed and then dried. This technique differs from the typical Chinese method of producing loose leaf tea, which does not involve steaming. Baisao himself praised the tea highly, and the term sencha has come to refer primarily to the tea leaves produced by this method, not to the method of brewing them.
- snip -
Baisao's poetry and calligraphy
are considered important in the Zen history of Japan, especially in Kyoto where Baisao was well known. His poetry was highly regarded by the artists of 18th century Kyoto, which was more "liberal" than the capital city of Edo (modern Tokyo). Over 100 of his poems have survived. Some of Baisao's writings were published in 1748 as A Collection of Tea Documents from the Plum Mountain (Baisanshu chafu ryaku). In this text, Baisao argued for the philosophical superiority of sencha over chanoyu, and wrote that priests who performed the chanoyu tea ceremony were as far from the example of the ancient sages as heaven from earth.
- snip -
Today, Baisao is considered one of the first sencha masters. After his death, sencha continued to rise in popularity, gradually replacing matcha as the most popular type of tea in Japan.
- source : wikipedia

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高遊外売茶翁佐賀地域協議会
佐賀市松原４丁目６番１８号 / Saga, Matsubara
- source : kouyugaibaisao.com -

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The Old Tea Seller: Life and Zen Poetry in 18th Century Kyoto
by Baisao (Author), Norman Waddell (Translator)

Baisao was an influential and unconventional figure in a culturally rich time period in Kyoto. A poet and Buddhist priest, he left the constrictions of temple life behind and at the age of 49 traveled to Kyoto, where he began to make his living by selling tea on the streets and at scenic places around the city. Yet Baisao dispensed much more than tea: though he would never purport to be a Zen master, his clientele, which consisted of influential artists, poets, and thinkers, considered a trip to his shop as having religious importance. His large bamboo wicker baskets provided Baisao and his customers with an occasion for conversation and poetry, as well as exceptional tea.
The poems, memoirs, and letters collected here trace his spiritual and physical journey over a long life. This book includes virtually all of his writings translated for the first time into English, together with the first biography of Baisao to appear in any language. It is bound to establish Baisao's place alongside other Zen-inspired poets such as Basho and Ryokan.
- source : www.amazon.com -


The Old Tea Seller: Life and Zen Poetry in 18th Century Kyoto
By Baisa Baisa
- source : books.google.co.jp -


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Searching for the Spirit of the Sages: Baisaō and Sencha in Japan
by Patricia J. Graham - 1996
PDF file

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Baisaō on a Footbridge by 伊藤若冲 Itō Jakuchū (1716-1800)

- quote -
賣茶翁 Baisaō (1675-1763)
..... Baisaō was an inspirational and unconventional figure in a culturally rich time period in Kyoto.
.....
Book reviewed by Joseph S. O'Leary, Sophia University
Book reviewed by Vladimir K.
.....

- - - - - Two quotes from Baisaō:
"The price for this tea is anything
from a hundred in gold to a half sen.
If you want to drink free, that's all right too.
I'm only sorry I can't let you have it for less."


"What's the tea seller got in his basket?
Bottomless tea cups?
A two-spouted pot?
He pokes around town for a small bit of rice,
Working very hard for next to nothing ---
Blinkering old drudge just plodding ahead ...
Bah!"


portrait by 田能村竹田 Tanomura Chikuden (1777-1835)

More illustrations and translations of his writing are here :
- source : terebess.hu/zen/mesterek -

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Making the busy streets my home
right down in the heart of things
only one friend shares my poverty
this single scrawny wooden staff.
Having learned the ways of silence
within the noise of urban life
I take life as it comes to me
and everywhere I am is true.

Rambling free beyond the world
enjoying the natural shapes of things
a shaggy eight-year-old duffer
scraping out a living selling tea.
He escapes starvation, barely,
thanks to a section of bamboo,
a tiny house with a window hole
provides all the shelter he needs.

Outside, carts and horses pass
annulling both noise and quiet
inside, easy talk at the stove
banishes notions of host and guest.
He lives under a row of tall pines
beside a temple of guardian sages
where the pine breeze sweeps clear
the dust of fame and profit.


I'm not a Buddhist or Taoist
not a Confucianist either
I'm a brownfaced white-haired
hard up old man.
People think I just prowl
the streets peddling tea.
I've got the whole universe
in this tea caddy of mine.

Left home at ten
turned from the world
here I am in my dotage
a layman once again;
A black bat of a man
(it makes me smile myself)
but still the old tea seller
I always was.

Seventy years of Zen
got me nowhere at all
shed my black robe
became a shaggy crank.
now I have no business
with sacred or profane
just simmer tea for folks
and hold starvation back.
Tr. Norman Waddell


Baisao makes a good case for a simple but elegant life of attention, beauty, and contentment that honors old age and the impermanence of life.
- source : spiritualityandpractice.com -

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朱泥ダルマ彫煎茶 Cup for Sencha
made from shudei 朱泥 red clay from China

. Sencha 煎茶　 .
a Japanese green tea, specifically one made without grinding the tea leaves.

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仙台市の 売茶翁 （ ばいさおう ） の「みちのくせんべい」
- reference : takedala/dokugen -


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. Edo bakufu 江戸幕府 The Edo Government .

. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo　江戸の名所 .

. Doing Business in Edo - 商売　- Introduction .

. shokunin 職人 craftsman, craftsmen, artisan, Handwerker .

. senryu, senryū 川柳　Senryu poems in Edo .

. Japanese Architecture - Interior Design - The Japanese Home .

. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .


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Posted By Gabi Greve to Edo - the EDOPEDIA - on 8/26/2016 01:07:00 pm

KAPPA - plants and Tengu

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. Tengupedia - 天狗ペディア　- Tengu ABC-Index .
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Plants with Tengu - 植物と天狗

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. Beni-Tengu-Dake, benitengudake ベニテングタケ（紅天狗茸) "Red Tengu Mushroom".
Amanita muscaria, Beni Tengudake

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- quote
Tengu Shide テングシデ Tengu Hornbeam
More than 100 trees in a forest in Oasa, Hiroshima.

大朝のテングシデ群落（おおあさのてんぐしでぐんらく）



北広島町大朝の田原・灰谷に自生するイヌシデの一種で、幹が曲がりくねり、枝がしなだれるなどの特徴を持った珍しい木です。最近の調査で、このテングシデの特有の形態は突然変異によって生じた変化であり、それが遺伝していることなどがわかりました。この珍しいテングシデが、大小100本以上群生していますが、日本では、突然変異によりできた木が代々群生しているところは少なく、とても貴重な地域です
- source : kankou.pref.hiroshima.jp

shide 四手 a tree of the family Carpinus.


CLICK for more amazing photos !


- - - - - There is even a manhole cover in the town!



The english name for shide is Hornbeam, and I must admit I have never heard of them.
... Apparently the tengu shide is a mutation and the only place in the world it grows is around Oasa. According to the local story, if you try climbing one of these trees a tengu will appear and throw you off.
- source : ojisanjake.blogspot.jp -

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. yatsude やつで=(天狗のはうちわ） Tengu no ha-uchiwa .
Fatsia japonica, Japanese Fatsia "eight arms, eight hands"

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. Tengu 天狗と伝説 Tengu legends "Long-nosed Goblin" .

. - yookai, yōkai 妖怪 Yokai monsters - .

. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

. Mingei 民芸　Regional Folk　Art from Japan .

- #plantstengu -
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Posted By Gabi Greve to Kappa - The Kappapedia on 8/24/2016 02:36:00 pm

EDO - Baba Bunko

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. Persons and People of Edo - Personen .
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Baba Bunkoo, Baba Bunkō 馬場文耕 Baba Bunko
(1718 - 1759)
（享保3年（1718年） - 宝暦8年12月29日（1759年1月27日））



His real name was Nakai 中井, he also used the names 左馬次 and Bunzaemon 文右衛門.
He lived in the time of Shogun Yoshimune as a Ronin and spent some time in a temple. He also participated in 俳諧 Haikai poetry meetings.
Some of his work is called seijimono 政事物 "Political Writings".
- His most famous publications are
当世武野俗談
近代公実厳秘録
近世江都著聞集
名君享保録

He was executed at 小塚原刑場.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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Toodai Edo Hyaku Bakemono 当代江戸百化物 A hundred strange things in Edo
（とうだいえどひゃくばけもの）Todai Edo Hyaku Bakemono
"An Album of One Hundred Monsters"
(Toodai Edo Hyakkabutsu)
This essay is not about Yokai, or ghosts or spooks.
He describes the "monstrous people" of his times, from Samurai to merchants to doctors to Kabuki actors and more.
青山三右衛門, 山田由林, 中村七三郎, 鵜野長斎, 紙屋五郎兵衛 . . .
- Read all the names of the 27 people here:
source : izumikawauso.cocolog-nifty.com
宝暦当時江戸市中の噂に上った、人物を、士庶とりまぜて二十七名、二十三章に記述するものである

- English reference : Todai Edo Hyaku Bakemono -

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- quote
A Christian Samurai: The Trials of Baba Bunko
by William J Farge SJ



Although Japanese scholars have acclaimed Baba Bunko (1718-1759) as the most outstanding essayist and public speaker of the Tokugawa period (1603-1868). Western historians of Japan have long ignored him. This is because Bunko's very existence contradicts the historical narrative that they have constructed. According to that narrative, Christianity in Japan ceased to exist by 1640, except in small, scattered communities, centered mainly on the Nagasaki area.

Through a close critical analysis of Baba Bunko's often humorous, but always biting, satirical essays a new picture of the hidden world of Christianity in eighteenth-century Japan emerges - a picture that contradicts the generally-held belief among Western historians that the Catholic mission in Japan ended in failure. A Christian Samurai will surprise many readers when they discover that Christian moral teachings not only survived the long period of persecution but influenced Japanese society throughout the Tokugawa period.

Bunko's bold assertion that a representation of the Eucharist would be more appropriate as a symbol for Japan than the coat of arms of the emperor or the insignia of the shogun would eventually lead to his arrest, trial, and execution. The legal proceedings against him reveal the government's embarrassment at the failure of its attempts to eliminate Christianity.

This historical and literary study focuses on the personal as well as the public lives of many of the historical figures who were prominent in politics, philosophy, religion, and culture in the eighteenth century. The decadent state of Buddhism, the decline of Confucianism, and the popularity of the Yoshiwara "pleasure" quarters are some of the topics that illuminate this new history of early modern Japan and of the survival of Christianity.

The first complete English translation of Baba Bunko's Contemporary Edo:
An Album of One Hundred Monsters is included as an appendix.
- source : amazon.com

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- quote about "A Christian Samurai" -
Baba Bunkō (1718–59), a samurai from Iyo domain in Shikoku, set out in 1751 to begin a new life in the capital of Edo (now Tokyo) as a bureaucrat in the government of Tokugawa Ieshige (1711–61), the Japanese shogun... - snip snip-
1. Deus Restored
2. Tokugawa Christianity
3. Popular Games and Monster Stories
Gossip about the samurai class and rumors of scandal in the private lives of public officials were constantly circulating in the capital. Baba Bunkō took advantage of his listeners' interest in the comings and goings...
4. Raindrops Falling in the Forest
The "monster" that attracted Baba Bunkō's attention as no other was the daimyō 金森頼錦　Kanamori Yorikane. Between October and November of 1755, Kanamori had arrested more than five hundred peasants from...
5. Baba Bunko's Political and Social Dissent
Although censorship was enforced sporadically and was never very effective during the Tokugawa period, the bakufu did take measures to ensure that security would not be threatened. Officials kept a close eye...
6. The Decline of Tokugawa Neo-Confucianism
7. Baba Bunko's Literary Heritage
Modern Western historians have not included Baba Bunkō in their accounts of the Tokugawa period, except occasionally in passing or as a footnote. Perhaps this is because they consider Bunkō's writings to be of...
8. Kabuki Actors, Monks, and Courtesans
The propensity of not a few samurai to become romantically involved with a male onnagata actor or with a courtesan of one of the "pleasure" districts did not go unnoticed. Bunkō speculates that their illicit liaisons...
9. The Breakdown of Social Order
10. The Christian Question
After Bunkō renounced his samurai status, resigned his government post, and began giving lectures criticizing various aspects of the prevailing culture of Tokugawa Japan, he turned to writing satirical essays and...
Contemporary Edo: An Album of One Hundred Monsters

- with PDF files to download from here:
- source : muse.jhu.edu/book -
Welcome to Project MUSE

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馬場文耕集 / 馬場文耕 (著), 岡田哲 (著) Okada Tetsu

Matsuzaki Gyojin Baba Bunko Muno Zokudan Baba Bunko Edo Chobun Shu
Buya zokudan (Secular tales in the martial field) by Baba Bunko, 1757)

- reference : baba bunko -

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The most extreme case was Baba Bunko (1718— 1759), the only writer throughout the entire Edo period to be executed for the crime of violating publication laws ...
- An Edo Anthology: Literature from Japan's Mega-City,
Jones, Sumie, Watanabe, Kenji
- source : books.google.co.jp -


Baba Bunko (1718?-1758), for example, who was active during the 1750s, was savagely critical of contemporary political authority ...
- Edo Culture: Daily Life and Diversions in Urban Japan,
Matsunosuke Nishiyama, Gerald Groemer
- source : books.google.co.jp -


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. Edo bakufu 江戸幕府 The Edo Government .

. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo　江戸の名所 .

. Doing Business in Edo - 商売　- Introduction .

. shokunin 職人 craftsman, craftsmen, artisan, Handwerker .

. senryu, senryū 川柳　Senryu poems in Edo .

. Japanese Architecture - Interior Design - The Japanese Home .

. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .


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[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]- - - - - #bababunko #bunkobaba - - - -
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Posted By Gabi Greve to Edo - the EDOPEDIA - on 8/24/2016 09:58:00 am