EDO - Atsuhime Tenshoin Satsuma

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Atsuhime, Atsu-Hime 篤姫　Princess Atsu
Tenshooin 天璋院 Tensho-In
(1836 - 1883)

- quote -
the wife of Tokugawa Iesada (徳川 家定), the 13th Shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan



She born as the daughter from Shimazu Tadatake (島津忠剛) was the head of Imaizumi Shimazu (今和泉島津) branch family of the Shimazu in Satsuma with his wife named lady oyuki

She was originally named Katsu (一) by her parents. When she was adopted by Shimazu Nariakira, her name was changed to Atsuko (篤子), and later changed to Fujiwara no Sumiko (藤原の敬子) when she was adopted by Konoe Tadahiro.

Tenshōin was born in Kagoshima in 1835. In 1853, she became the adopted daughter of Shimazu Nariakira. On August 21, 1853, she travelled by land from Kagoshima via Kokura to the Edo jurisdiction, never to return to Kagoshima again.

Atsuko was thought to have been sent to Edo castle with the aim of helping Shimazu Nariakira politically. The question of the next heir to the Shogunate was divided between the choice of Tokugawa Yoshinobu, then head of the Hitotsubashi-Tokugawa house and Tokugawa Yoshitomi, then head of Kii-Tokugawa house and later known as Tokugawa Iemochi. In order to ensure that Yoshinobu became the next in succession, Atsuko was arranged to wed into the Tokugawa clan.

In November, 1856, Atsuko married Tokugawa Iesada. In 1858, both Tokugawa Iesada and Shimazu Nariakira died. The 14th shogun was decided to be Tokugawa Iemochi. Following the demise of her husband, Atsuko took the tonsure, becoming a Buddhist nun, and took the name Tenshōin. In 1862, as part of the Kōbu Gattai ("Union of Court and Bakufu") movement, Iemochi was married to Imperial Princess Kazu-no-Miya Chikako daughter of Emperor Ninkō, and younger sister of Emperor Kōmei.
The Satsuma clan brought up the request for Tenshōin to return to Satsuma, but was rejected by Tenshōin herself. In 1866, Iemochi died. Tokugawa Yoshinobu became the next shogun. During the Meiji Restoration, Tenshōin and Seikan'in (Kazu-no-Miya's name after tonsure) helped negotiate for the peaceful surrender of Edo Castle.

She spent her remaining years nurturing Tokugawa Iesato, the 16th head of the Tokugawa clan. In 1883, she died in Edo at the age of 48. She was buried in Kaneiji in Ueno, Tokyo, together with her husband, Iesada.

The 2008 NHK Taiga drama Atsuhime (fifty episodes) was a dramatization of her life.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !



Atsuhime (drama)
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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- quote
The Shogun's Queen: The Shogun Quartet
Lesley Downer
Only one woman can save her world from barbarian invasion but to do so will mean sacrificing everything she holds dear - love, loyalty and maybe life itself . . .



Japan, and the year is 1853. Growing up among the samurai of the Satsuma Clan, in Japan's deep south, the fiery, beautiful and headstrong Okatsu has - like all the clan's women - been encouraged to be bold, taught to wield the halberd, and to ride a horse.
But when she is just seventeen, four black ships appear. Bristling with cannon and manned by strangers who to the Japanese eyes are barbarians, their appearance threatens Japan's very existence. And turns Okatsu's world upside down.
Chosen by her feudal lord, she has been given a very special role to play. Given a new name - Princess Atsu - and a new destiny, she is the only one who can save the realm. Her journey takes her to Edo Castle, a place so secret that it cannot be marked on any map. There, sequestered in the Women's Palace - home to three thousand women, and where only one man may enter: the shogun - she seems doomed to live out her days. But beneath the palace's immaculate facade, there are whispers of murders and ghosts. It is here that Atsu must complete her mission and discover one last secret - the secret of the man whose fate is irrevocably linked to hers: the shogun himself . . .
- source : amazon.co.uk/gp


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. Edo bakufu 江戸幕府 The Edo Government .

. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo　江戸の名所 .


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Posted By Gabi Greve to Edo - the EDOPEDIA - on 10/30/2016 10:27:00 am

EDO - Buson hatsumono first things

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. Yosa Buson 与謝蕪村 in Edo .
(1715-1783)

. hatsumono, hatsu-mono 初物　first things - Introduction .

There are many New and First activities and things throughout the year.

There are 386 kigo starting with 初...,　and
119 of them do not relate to the New Year.

There are 93 kigo that end with ...初 and
7 of them do not relate to the New Year.





Some translations are from the friends at this facebook forum:
. Formal Haiku - The Art of 5-7-5 .

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初秋や余所の灯見ゆる宵のほど
hatsuaki ya yoso no hi miyuru yoi no hodo

Early autumn--
Lights of houses are on
Even in a young evening.
Tr. Shoji Kumano


The start of autumn!
Evening is at the point where
other's lights are seen.

All the more expensive hard cover anthologies of the famous haiku writers will include prose versions of the haiku that include everything that the haiku hints at. Kumano's translation is a rendering of the prose piece accompanying this haiku in the Buson anthology I have. I think that writing everything in just kills the poetry in the original.
By making the evening the subject, Buson is able to give us a scene that accurately depicts the falling darkness through time so we can stand and watch the house lights in the houses he looks down upon come on. It catches the mood of the time of year when evening falls earlier and earlier.
Tr. and comment : James Karkoski - facebook


Lights of houses on
even in a young evening—
early autumn's start
Tr. Bill Dennis - facebook


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初冬や日和になりし京はずれ
hatsufuyu ya hiyori ni narishi kyoo hazure

Winter comes
And with it the weather
Outside of the capital.
Tr. Thomas McAuley



初冬や訪はんと思ふ人来ます
hatsufuyu ya towan to omou hito kimasu

The first of winter--
One I've wanted to visit
Called on me.
Tr. Nelson and Saito

Early winter--
I thought I was going visiting
but the person has come here.
Tr. Sawa and Shiffert


Winter has begun!
The one I was hoping of
visiting does come.

When winter comes people tend to hunker down and stay at home, which can lead into a desire for the company of others. Buson hasn't been able to rouse himself to go visit a person that he wants to see, but now that person has come to visit him.
With an interesting twist, Buson has turned the negative connotations that usually follow the coming of the winter into a positive emotion.
Tr. and comment : James Karkoski - facebook


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初氷何こぼしけん石の間
hatsugoori nani koboshiken ishi no ai

The first ice--
What was spilled
Between the stones?
Tr. Nelson and Saito


The first skim of ice,
there's something that's been spilled on
the shrine's slab walkways.

'Ishi no ma' are the slabs of stones that are laid in as a walkway in the open air courtyard that connects the main hall and the worship hall on the grounds of a large shrine. The courtyard has been iced over, but something has been spread on the smooth walkway slabs to turn the ice on it into slush so people will be able to come and go on it. By wondering about why the walkway is slush, Buson is able to draw a contrast between it and the rest of the courtyard that is still skimmed by a smooth pristine layer of ice.
Tr. Jim Wilson, comment James Karkoski - facebook

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. yamadera no suzuri ni hayashi hatsugoori .
山寺の硯に早し初氷　

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初霜や吹き返しある葛の葉に
hatsushimo ya fukikaeshi aru kuzu no ha ni

The year's first frost--
On the kudzu leaves
Flipped over by the wind before.
Tr. Nelson and Saito


First frost of the year!
On the kudzu leaves that are
blown upside over.

The broad kudzu leaves attached to the vine are easily blown around by the wind and Japanese poets have been writing about them for centuries. Bashō wrote a haiku about noticing the frost on the front of the leaves and Buson is noticing it on the leaves that have been turned upside by the wind.
Another example of the different positional kind of perception that Buson was able to look at the world with.
Tr. and comment James Karkoski - facebook


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初霜やわづらふ鶴を遠く見る
hatsushimo ya wazurau tsuru o tooku miru

The year's first frost--
An ailing crane
In the distance seen.
Tr. Nelson and Saito

winter's first frost--
visible in the distance
an ailing crane
Tr. Ueda

the first frost;
seeing a suffering crane
in the distance
Tr. Michael Haldane


The first frost has fallen!
Worn suffering cranes
will be seen from afar.

Cranes are migratory birds that come into Japan from Korea and China at the start of winter. The first frost means the coming of winter, and Buson expects that the weary cranes ending their migration won't be far behind. The Japanese often just use the dictionary form of verbs as the future tense and I think it is clear that Buson is indicating a future action here. It could also be argued here that he might be talking about a habitual action, and so the present tense 'are seen' can be read too. But I think the probability of the cranes always showing up on the first day of frost is an improbable argument.
Tr. and comment : James Karkoski - facebook

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初潮に追はれてのぼる小魚かな
hatsushio ni owarete noboru shoogyo kana

By the first full tide
Pursued Upstream
swim the fries.
Tr. Nelson and Saito

By the high tide
swept away so they swim upstream,
the tiny fish!
Tr. Sawa and Shiffert


Being pursued
by a strong autumn moon tide....
the small fish climb upstream!

Pressed by the strong
autumn moon tide to rise up;
the small fish of the sea!

Hatsushio is the tide that is caused by the full moon that occurs on the 15th day of the 8th month of the lunar calendar.
By the solar calendar it now occurs in September. Since the moon affects the tides, this very bright moon is considered to cause the strongest tides of the year.
In Japanese, the verb is always at the end of the phrase, and since they also place them together to make compiled verbs, and place them as modifiers in front of nouns, the three verbs Buson stacked together in this haiku make it able to have a double reading.
In the first version, the strong tide that the 15th night moon makes has moved up so far up river that it is forcing the small fish there to flee from it.
The second reading implies that the fish are in the ocean and the tide is making them rise up with it.
I prefer the first reading, my in-laws house is on a quite a distance up a small stream that runs into the sea, so I've experienced how much, and how far, the coming of the tides can affect fresh water levels and water quality.
Tr. and comment : James Karkoski - facebook

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. hatsu yuki no soko o tatakeba take no tsuki .
初雪の底をたたけば竹の月

The first snow
Emptying itself to its last flake--
The moon above bamboo.
Tr. Nelson and Saito

when the first snow
strikes the lowest culms
bamboo moonlight
Tr. Addis

A bamboo moon
Is caressing the round
Of early snow
Tr. ?

The season's first snow,
A few flakes slowly falling --
Bamboo and moonlight.
Tr. Jim Wilson - facebook


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- hatsushigure 初時雨 first winter shower

秋のあはれわすれんとすれば初時雨
aki no aware wasuren to sureba hatsushigure

Autumnal sadness
Just about to forget as I was--
The first winter shower.
Tr. Nelson and Saito


Just when I'd thought
I had forgotten autumn's pathos;
the first rain of winter.

The haiku is pretty explicit and needs no explanation.
It catches the state of mind that happens when the soft thin beginning rains of winter start to wet the brown and desolate landscape that the end of autumn brings. Buson used 19 morae to express sentiment.
Tr. James Karkoski - facebook

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みのむしの得たりかしこし初時雨
minomushi no etari kashikoshi hatsushigure

A bagworm--
Complacent and proud
The first shower in winters.
Tr. Nelson and Saito


Straw raincoat bugs
without any hesitation,
the first rain of winter.

The straw raincoat bugs
have done well for themselves:
the first rain of winter.

Bagworms in Japanese are called 'minomushi' (literally straw raincoat bugs) because they will often camouflage themselves with twigs and leaves that make them look similar to the old style made from straw 'mino' raincoats that were in use before the modernization of Japan.
They are a fall 'kigo' because the males in autumn will seek out the females who never leave their protective 'bags' (or coats) to mate. The female dies and the eggs ride out the winter until hatching in the spring.
The phrase 'etari kashikoshi' (literally 'having obtained wisely') is translated in Japanese to English dictionaries as 'readily, very eagerly, without a moment's hesitation,' but in Japanese dictionaries it is explained as 'when things go the way you thought and and proceed well to satisfaction.'
I like the first version better because I think it brings out the connection between the seeking of the female and the winter rain with a bit more humor. (I have added a syllable in the 2nd line of the first translation, 'a' instead of 'any' just doesn't sound right to me)
Tr. James Karkoski - facebook

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- hatsune 初音 first call of the bush warbler

うぐいすの 枝ふみはずす 初音かな
uguisu no eda fumihazusu hatsune kana

A warbler
Missing its footing on a twig--
Its first song in spring.
Tr. Nelson and Saito


A bush warbler loses
its footing on a branch:
its first sound I hear!!

I live at the foot of a mountain so I often hear the bush warblers when they are around in spring. As the video link below shows, their warbling does have a slippery slope quality to it, which Buson humorously relates to loosing balance while singing. The verb here can also be read as indicating the future, but in this case I don't think it does.
- reference :youtu.be/FhXfQrKvokU -
Tr. James Karkoski - facebook

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うぐひすの 麁相がましき初音哉
uguisu no sosoo ga mashiki hatsune kana

The warbler's
inexperienced simplicity is better
year's first song
Tr. Crowley


The warbler's rough
inattentiveness has increased:
the first songs it sings!

The young warblers initially have trouble making the sounds that has made them the favorite songbirds in Japan. The pitch of the fledglings can be quite wild until they hear enough of the smoother older birds who they start copying.
In Buson's day, the practice of keeping caged warblers in the house was popular and it is most likely that he is writing about a young warbler that he is keeping as a pet. Perhaps, the lack of being around other birds is what is keeping this one from singing sweetly? Having had the experience of hearing a caged warbler sing, I can attest to how much of a force of sound they can generate in an enclosed space.
A young one who is in the stage of practicing must be quite jarring indeed!
Tr. James Karkoski - facebook



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. hatsumono, hatsu-mono 初物　first things - Introduction .

. WKD : Yosa Buson 与謝蕪村 - Introduction .

. Yosa Buson 与謝蕪村 in Edo .

. BUSON - Cultural Keywords and ABC-List .


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Posted By Gabi Greve to Edo - the EDOPEDIA - on 10/12/2016 09:56:00 am

GOKURAKU - Tengu from Nikko

https://gokurakuparadies.blogspot.jp/2016/10/tengu-from-nikko.html

Tengu from Nikko

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. Tengupedia - 天狗ペディア　- Tengu ABC-Index .
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Nikkoozan Tookooboo 日光山東光坊 - Tengu Tokobo. Toko-Bo from Mount Nikko
He is one of the
. 四十八天狗 48 Tengu of Japan .

There lived another Tengu, also one of the 48 great ones, called
Myoogizan Nikkooboo 妙義山日光坊 - Nikkobo, Myogisan
- see below -


En no Gyoja 役小角 and Unpen Shonin 雲遍上人 once came to a 清瀧 waterfall in the 日光山 Nikko Mountains to practise austerities. Suddenly a black cloud hang over the waterfall and a terrible thunderstorm rattled and strong wind blew.
The two of them were 一心不乱 undisturbed by all this, sat down and said their esoteric mantras in deep quiet.
Suddenly the sky cleared again and now they saw a Tengu sitting in the branches of the large cedar tree. The Tengu faded from sight in no time.

. Tengu, sugi 天狗と杉と伝説 Legends about Tengu and Cedar trees .
- Introduction -

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Nikkoozan Tookooboo 日光山東光坊 Tengu Tokobo. Toko-Bo from Mount Nikko


source : blogs.yahoo.co.jp/gtmf10

In a highland called 古峯ヶ原 Kobugahara, from where the town of 鹿沼市 Kanuma can be overlooked, there is the shrine
Komine Jinja 古峯ヶ原古峯神社.
It dates back more than 1300 years. If was founded by a man from Kyoto, 隼人 Hayato,
and its deity in residence is
日本武尊 Yamato Takeru

This shrine is better known by its name of
Tengu no Yashiro 天狗の社 Shrine of the Tengu
People used to stay here for religious rituals and practise, so it is also called
Tengu no yado 天狗の宿 "The Inn of the Tengu"

The shrine has many memorabilia of the Tengu, big and small.
It also offers stamps of the Tengu, 天狗の御朱印 with 16 different faces of the Tengu.



. Tengu Shuin 天狗朱印 temple stamps .

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There used to live many Tengu in the mountains of Nikko, and their boss was Tokobo.

Apart from Toko-Bo and Nikko-Bo there was the local Tengu

Kobugahara Hayatoboo 古峯ヶ原隼人坊 Hayato-Bo from Kobugahara
It is not quite clear if he is the person who founded the shrine.
Hayato may have been a disciple of En no Gyoja or a relative of
. Zenkibō 前鬼坊 Zenkibo, Zenki-Bo .
and his wife Goki 後鬼.

- - - Later
. Shoodoo Shoonin 勝道上人 Priest Saint Shodo Shonin - Introduction . (735 - 817)
practised Shugendo rituals in Nikko and helped deepen the belief in the Tengu, who would protect people from misfortune and extinguish fires in the region.

There is a ceremony in Nikko where the participants receive large bowls of rice.
Nikko Gohanshiki 日光強飯式 Nikko Gohan Shiki
It is also called
tengu no goohan 天狗の強飯 large rice portion of the Tengu
..... One bowl contains 5,4 kilograms (一升五合) of rice.
This ceremony goes back to Saint Shodo Shonin (Shoodoo Shoonin 勝道上人)(735 - 817), who started the mountain worship in Nikko, connecting the Shinto and Budshist religion.

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日光の天狗は徳川家康 The Tengu of Nikko and Tokugawa Ieyasu

Mount Nantaisan 男体山 (2484.2ｍ) in Oku Nikko had been first visited by Saint Shodo in 782. At that time it was called 補陀洛山 Fudaraku San, later changed to 二荒山（ふたらやま) Futarayama.
Kobo Daishi Kukai read the two Chinese characters 二荒 as にこう nikoo, and soon the name changed to にっこう Nikko. The Chinese characters then changed to 日光.



Legend says that Toko-Bo was in incarnation of 徳川家康 Tokugawa Ieyasu.
His posthumous name was 東照権現 Tosho Gongen, but legend says he had also pondered the name of
Tookoo Gongen 東光権現 Toko Gongen (Deity Shining in the East)

Since his soul-Tengu was a newcomer, he tried to fight the older Tengu of the deep mountains of Nikko, but always lost ground.

When his memorial shrine, 東照宮 Toshogu, was finished, many people came to visit here and venerate the former Shogun (turned Tengu), so the older Tengu of Nikko were quite upset.
They played tricks on the visitors and caused much confusion.

The year turned to 1825, the time of 徳川家斉 Shogun Tokugawa Ienari.
His Minister, Mizuno Dewa no Kami 水野出羽守, made friends with the Old Tengu of Kobugahara, Hayato-Bo, who helped him to get rid of the other Old Tengu by putting up a sign forbidding them to come closer and not disturb the visitors coming to venerate the Shogun turned Tengu Toko-Bo. If they did not like it, they were free to move on to the other famous Tengu Mountains, like Atago, Kurama, Akiba or Hikosan.
- This sounds like a fantastic tale . . . maybe it is true? maybe not true?

- reference source : toki.moo.jp/gaten/401-450 -


. Tokugawa Ieyasu 徳川家康 . (1543 - 1616) .
and his mausoleum, 日光の東照宮 Nikko no Tosho-Gu

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In the Manga world the Tengu Tokobo is a master of 光壁術
日光に住まう陽気で楽天家な天狗。
明るく人当りも良いが人間は天狗に従属すべきだと思っており、一度比叡天狗に追放されている。
- reference source : wikiwiki.jp/heian -

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Myoogizan Nikkooboo 妙義山日光坊 Nikko-Bo, Nikkobo, Myogisan

He is now venerated in Gunma at Mount Myogisan (Myogizan).

- quote -
Mt. Myogisan



The fantastically shaped rocks sculpt dramatic forms of natural beauty and offer various attractive landscapes throughout the seasons. Mt. Myogisan can be viewed with pleasure from afar or enjoyed by climbing its steep slopes, so that it is loved by photographers and mountaineers.
- source : visitgunma.jp/en/sightseeing -

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Myoogi Jinja 妙義神社 Shrine Myogi Jinja
It was founded in 537 and is thus one of the oldes shrines in Japan.
The Mountain Deity itself is enshrined here.
The Deity is venerated for protecting from fire, bring a good harvest and also for good business and prosperity. So many famous Daimyo Lords came here to worship and donate buildings and treasures.
日本武尊 Prince Yamato Takeru is also enshrined here.

This shrine is located near the eastern foot of Mount 白雲山 Hakuun-zan, one of the peaks of Mt. Myogi.
It is known for its bright colours and decorative ornaments.
The shrine building now is from around 1700.
At its gate are two Demon statues, one red and one in green, with tiger-skin pants.
This shrine serves quite a lot of deities and mountain spirits.

At the back of the main shrine is a small sub-shrine dedicated to the regional Tengu.


. . . CLICK here for more Photos !


When Yamato Takeru climbed 白雲山 Mount Hakuun-zan , he founded a shrine to venerate the deity
Hagoso 波己曽（はごそ）神, and the mountain was named after it, 波己曽山 Hagoso-zan. This name later changed to Myogiisan.
Hakoso Jinja　波己曽神社 /　波己曽（はこそ）神社　Hakoso Shrine

In the year 1394 a high-ranking court official named 花山院 Kazan-In 右近衛大将藤原長親 Nagachika (? - 1429) renounced the world and became a Waka poet and monk, calling himself
Kooun Meigi 耕雲明魏 （こううんめいぎ）Koun Meigi
and built his humble abode at mount 華頂山 Kacho-zan in the forests of Kyoto, one of the 36 peaks of the 東山三十六峰 / 東山36峰 Higashiyama Mountain range.
After living there for about 10 years, he took of for a trip to the Kanto region and ended up at Mount Myogisan. The local people had great faith in him.
After his death he was venerated as
Myoogi Hooshi 妙魏法師 Myogi Hoshi , changing his name from
明魏 Meigi to 妙義 Myogi, and also changing the name of the Mountain range in his honor.

- HP of the shrine Myogi Jinja
Hakoso sha 波己曽社（はこそしゃ） Hakoso Shrine in the compound.
- reference source : myougi.jp/yuisho -


. Tamato Takeru 日本武尊 .
legendary prince of the Yamato dynasty - Introduction -


For Yosa Buson, this mountain reminded him of the famous
峨眉山 Gabi San in China.


source : cardiac.exblog.jp

. Yosa Buson　与謝蕪村 visiting Myogisan .

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Tengu Myoogiboo 天狗妙義坊 Myogi-Bo, Myogibo
Ueno Myogiboo 上野妙義坊 Ueno Myogi-Bo

He is one of the
. 四十八天狗 48 Tengu of Japan .

Mount Myogisan with his special rock formation is venerated as the deity
Myogi Daigongen 妙義大権現
with the character DAI 大 LARGE as its symbol.

The Tengu 妙義坊 Myogi-Bo is an incarnation of this Gongen.

妙義山の大ノ字 Myogisan no Dai no Ji



People walking along the old roads with a view to Mount Mogisan folded their hands in prayer.

- reference source : toki.moo.jp/gaten/401-450 413 -


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. 四十八天狗 - 48 famous Tengu of Japan .

. Tengu 天狗と伝説 Tengu legends "Long-nosed Goblin" .

. - yookai, yōkai 妖怪 Yokai monsters - .

. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

. Japanese Legends - 伝説　民話　昔話 – ABC-List .

- #Nikkotengu #Nikkobo #tokobo #shodoshoninpriest #myogisan -
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EDO chaya shirojiro

https://edoflourishing.blogspot.jp/2016/10/chaya-shirojiro.html

Chaya Shirojiro

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. Persons and People of Edo - Personen .
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Chaya Shirōjirō 茶屋四郎次郎 Chaya Shirojiro



- quote
Chaya Shirōjirō
was the name of a series of wealthy and influential Kyoto-based merchants who took part in the red-seal trade licensed under the Tokugawa shogunate. Members of the Chaya family, they were also centrally involved in the country's production and trade in textiles. Along with the Suminokura and Gotō families, the Chaya were one of the top merchant families in Edo period Kyoto.

Chaya Shirōjirō Kiyonobu 茶屋四郎次郎清信 (1545-1596)
likely the first of the line, was the son of a ronin of the Nakajima family, descended from lords of a territory in Owari province. His father, a friend of Shogun Ashikaga Yoshiteru, was crippled in the wars of the Sengoku period. Adopted into the Chaya family, he established a humble business in Kyoto making drapes. He developed a strong business relationship with one of his clients, Matsudaira Hirotada, and later sent his son Chaya Shirōjirō Kiyonobu to Mikawa province to serve as a squire to Hirotada's son, now known as Tokugawa Ieyasu.

Kiyonobu thus became one of the primary suppliers of the Tokugawa family, and quickly came into great wealth and influence in Kyoto. He accompanied Ieyasu in battle, at both the Mikatagahara (1573), and served him in other ways, as an intelligence agent in Kyoto and in secretly transporting messages and goods for Ieyasu during the time when Toyotomi Hideyoshi held power. He obtained a red-seal license (朱印状　shuinjō) from Hideyoshi, permitting him to trade in the ports of southern Vietnam, where he obtained silks and other goods. Chaya was supposedly the one who informed Ieyasu of Oda Nobunaga's death in 1582, and thus allowed him to escape the forces of Akechi Mitsuhide and Hideyoshi, who seized power in the aftermath.

He is said to have helped design the layout of the city of Edo, and for his last year or so of life, did not leave Ieyasu's side. He repeatedly refused formal posts as governor of various Tokugawa lands, insisting that he was not a soldier, and was granted a stipend of 200 koku instead.

Chaya Shirōjirō Kiyotada 　茶屋清忠　(1584-1603)
Following Kiyonobu's death in 1596, his son Kiyotada took over the family business, and succeeded his father in his relationship with the Tokugawa lord. Kiyotada fought at the battle of Sekigahara (1600), and soon afterward was made head of all the merchants in the Kansai region, "with particular jurisdiction over the business community of Kyoto".

However, Kiyotada died young, in 1603, at the age of nineteen.

Chaya Shirōjirō Kiyotsugu 　茶屋清次　(1584-1622)
Thus, with the patronage of the shogunate behind them, the remaining brothers Kiyotsugu (1584-1622), Michizumi, and Nobumune took over the Chaya family business, worked to monopolize the trade in raw silk, and served as official suppliers of a variety of goods to the shogunate. Kiyotsugu was assigned by Ieyasu to help oversee shogunal operations at the formal trading post in Nagasaki, where he could keep an eye on the foreign traders and Christian missionaries, while working to his own commercial benefit as well.

A friend of artist Honami Kōetsu, Kiyotsugu was active socially in the Kyoto art world, and was known as both a patron of the arts in general, and a collector of tea bowls and other implements of the Japanese tea ceremony.

Beginning in 1612, the family obtained official licenses (朱印状　shuinjō) from the shogunate to continue trade with Cochinchina (aka Dang Trong, present-day southern Vietnam); these merchant vessels thus came to be known as chaya-sen (茶屋船, "Chaya ships").
- source : wikipedia

- reference : chaya shirojiro -

Ieyasu had Shirojiro Kiyonobu settle in a part of Asakusa, now known as
Chayamachi 茶屋町 Chaya machi .

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Shinkun Iga-Goe 神君伊賀越え "The Heavenly Lord retreats via Iga"
also called
"Shinkun Koka-Iga Goe" or Tokugawa Ieyasu Iga-goe no kinan


. . . CLICK here for more Photos !

Shirojiro helped Tokugawa Ieyasu during his hasty retreat from Sakai (Osaka) via Iga to Mikawa by going before him, paying money to the village heads to let Ieyasu pass.
This was also achieved with the help of Hattori Hanzo, a Ninja from the Iga and Koga region.

- quote -
Iga-goe(Crossing Iga)
TOKUGAWA Ieyasu experienced four disasters in his life, among which, according to him, Crossing Iga was the most difficult. When he learned his predecessor ODA Nobunaga committed suicide because of rebellion, he was on his way home with only 30 odd allegiants in civilian clothes, although they were all chief retainers. Ieyasu said, "I should kill the rebel, but we are too small a party to fight against the rebel force. It may be better for me to remain in dignity by committing suicide by harakiri." A follower then made a proposal, however, "Let's return home, raise forces, and send a punitive expedition against the rebel. That is our obligation to Nobunaga." So, they discussed how they would be able to escape.

Although they were annoyed by bandits and riots that usually accompanied rebellion, they could somehow come to Iga through a number of dangerous points with the aid of several local lords. After they entered Iga, local warriors of Koka and Iga guided them to Ise. Thereafter, they returned home on ships. Ieyasu later hired two hundred Koka and Iga men and appointed HATTORI Hanzo to the head of the group, which is the beginning of the Iga section of Tokugawa shogunate.
- source : ninja-museum.com/ninja-database -

. Tokugawa Ieyasu 徳川家康 . (1543 - 1616) .


- reference : ieyasu igagoe -

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shuinsen 朱印船 "red seal Ships"
ships with a special license for trade with Vietnam


CLICK for more photos !

- quote -
Japanese armed merchant sailing ships bound for Southeast Asian ports with red-sealed letters patent issued by the early Tokugawa shogunate in the first half of the 17th century. Between 1600 and 1635, more than 350 Japanese ships went overseas under this permit system.
..... The Red Seal system appears from at least 1592, under Hideyoshi, date of the first known mention of the system in a document. The first actually preserved Shuinjō (Red Seal Permit) is dated to 1604, under Tokugawa Ieyasu, first ruler of Tokugawa Japan. Tokugawa issued red-sealed permits to his favourite feudal lords and principal merchants who were interested in foreign trade. By doing so, he was able to control Japanese traders and reduce Japanese piracy in the South Sea. His seal also guaranteed the protection of the ships, since he vowed to pursue any pirate or nation who would violate it.
..... Ship design ...
The ships were managed by rich trading families such as the Sumikura, Araki, Chaya and Sueyoshi, or by individual adventurers such as Suetsugo Heizo, Yamada Nagamasa, William Adams, Jan Joosten or Murayama Toan. The funds for the purchase of merchandise in Asia were loaned to the managers of the expedition for an interest of 35% to 55% per trip, going as high as 100% in the case of Siam.
..... The 350 Red Seal ships recorded between 1604 and 1634, averaging about 10 ships per year,
..... In 1635, the Tokugawa Shogunate officially prohibited their citizens from overseas travel, thus ending the period of red-seal trade. .....
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

- reference : shuinsen ship -

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時鳥繪になけ東四郎次郎
hototogisu e ni nake higashi shirojiroo

hototogisu
sing to the painting
the east is blanched white
Tr. Cheryl A. Crowley

. Yosa Buson 与謝蕪村 .
at temple 大徳寺 Daitoku-Ji
The sky in the East is pale white (shirojiro 白じろ)
Shirojiroo is short for Kano Motonobu 元信, Genshin Shirojiro) 1476-1559

. hototogisu ホトトギス, 時鳥 Little Cuckoo .
- - kigo for summer - -

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. Edo bakufu 江戸幕府 The Edo Government .

. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo　江戸の名所 .

. Doing Business in Edo - 商売　- Introduction .

. shokunin 職人 craftsman, craftsmen, artisan, Handwerker .

. senryu, senryū 川柳　Senryu poems in Edo .

. Japanese Architecture - Interior Design - The Japanese Home .

. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .


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KAPPA - Raiju Thunder Yokai

- Yōkai 妖怪 Yokai monsters - - ABC-Index -
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raijuu Raijū 雷獣 Raiju Thunder Beast Yokai

. Kaminari Rai 雷 and the Thunder Deities .
- Introduction -
raijin 雷神 God of Thunder

A thunderbolt comes with thunder and lightning. 音と稲妻を伴った雷.

Yakusanoikazuchi　八雷神 Yakusa no ikazuchi no kami
The "eight kinds of thunder kami"


source :　facebook

raisama らいさま "Honorable Thunder Man"

Raichu ポケモン ライチュウ　is a manga figure in the Pikachu world and in (Pokémon) Pokemon games.
. . . CLICK here for Photos !

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tenpi, tenbi, tenka 天火 "fire from heaven"
天火（落雷 rakurai） lightning
hi no tama 火の玉 ball of fire



日本各地に伝わる怪火の一種。江戸時代の奇談集『絵本百物語』や、松浦静山の随筆『甲子夜話』などの古典に記述があるほか、各地の民間伝承としても伝わっている。
Aichi, Saga, Kumamoto with legends

- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

Yanagida Kunio 柳田國男 has told a few legends about the 天火.

In Nara this is . じゃんじゃん火 Janjanbi. .

. kitsunebi 狐火 (きつねび) "fox fire" .

. kaika 怪火 fireball, atmospheric ghost lights yokai from Shiga and Kyoto. .
and Abura-bo 油坊 Oil Priest

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- Look at more photos here :
- reference source : ja.wikipedia.org/wiki -


- quote
Raiju is the companion of Raijin, the Shinto god of lightning.
While the beast is generally calm and harmless, during thunderstorms, it becomes agitated and leaps about in trees, fields, and even buildings (trees that have been struck by lightning are said to have been scratched by Raiju's claws).

Another of Raiju's peculiar behaviors is sleeping in human navels and thus harms the person in whose belly the demon is resting. Superstitious people therefore often sleep on their stomachs during bad weather, but other legends say that Raiju will only hide in the navels of people who sleep outdoors.

Its body is composed of lightning and may be in the shape of a cat, fox, weasel, or wolf. It may also fly about as a ball of lightning (the creature might be an attempt to explain the phenomenon of lightning). It's cry sounds like thunder.
- source : yokai.wikia.com/wiki/Raiju



CLICK for more photos !

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. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

............................................................................ Aichi 愛知県
渥美郡 Atsumi district

If people walk around at night, sometimes it is as bright as daylight. They call it
tenbi 天火（てんび） fire from heaven
In 岐阜県 Gifu 揖斐郡 in the Ibi district during summer evenings there is a pillar of light toward heaven.
They call it
tenpi 天火（てんぴ）fire from heaven.


............................................................................ Akita 秋田県

During a thunderstorm, lightning strikes and the Raiju climbs up a tree.
Lightning is also called tenpi 天火 "fire from heaven".

kutooken 狗頭犬 Kutoken / 狗頭の神. 狗頭の神 Dog-headed Deity
Sometimes on a fine day there is a very sudden thunderbolt and then it is fine again.
Once a tsuki 槻 keyaki tree begun to burn for seven days. When they checked its ashes, the villagers found three bones of a Kutoken yokai dog.

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In a home in Senboku, the Raiju (lightning) stuck a home and it burned for seven days and seven nights.


............................................................................ Gifu 岐阜県
金山町 Kanayama

There was once a schoolteacher with a scar of a burn on her cheek. When she was a child, there was a thunderbolt and the Raiju Yokai got wild and scratched her cheek.
Now the children call her Yuudachi sama 夕立様, Miss Evening Rain.
Yudachi evening rain often comes with a thunderbolt.

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藤橋村 Fujibashi

Tenpi is the same as hi no tama 火の玉 "ball of fire".
It raced across the evening sky. Sometimes it makes a big noise.
This only happens in summer.


............................................................................ Fukushima 福島県
浪江町 Namie

At the temple Daishooji 大聖寺 Daisho-Ji
Around 1720 at a small shrine within the temple compound there was a Raiju which could not find its way back to heaven. The priest stuck a long pole in the ground to help it climb up.
When the officials heard the story, they thought the temple must be blessed especially and gave it a lot of land as special reward.



............................................................................ Hyogo 兵庫県
神戸市 Kobe

On the night of the 地蔵盆 Jizo Bon rituals
six or seven friends were standing outside talking, when suddenly a 天火 heavenly fire appeared.
It became all light and when they looked around they saw something like a piece of burning magnesium, which made a sound and climbed from the middle of the fields right up to heaven.


. Jizoo Bon 地蔵盆 Jizo Bon Ritual .
August 24


............................................................................ Ibaraki茨城県
久慈郡 Kuji district

If there is a loud thunder during the nawashiro 苗代 rice nursery season, the Raiju comes down from heaven and destroys the fields. If there is thunder, the villagers walk through the mountains and make noise with bamboo sticks to drive the beast out.
Others place bamboo poles in the rice nurseries. This would help the Raiju to find its way back to heaven before doing harm to the field.



............................................................................ Kanagawa 神奈川県
三浦市 Miura

Kaminari is called オカンダチ Okandachi in the local dialect.
If a tree is struck by lightning and shows a scar from it, they say its was the nail of the Raiju Yokai, which tried to climb up the tree to reach the sky.


............................................................................ Kumamoto 熊本県

The Raiju is almost as large as a paper lantern and has a tail. If it falls from the sky on a roof, there will be a fire.

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玉名郡 Tamana district

Tenbi is a Yokai light. Some come with a tail of fire.
If it is seen, this may be the forboding of more desaster.

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天草諸島 Amakusa islands

A man from 鬼池村 Oniike village went out fishing, but the villagers did not like him, treated him badly and eventually he died.
Since then, every night there was a ball of fire flying over the 鬼池 Oni-Ike "Demon pond" .
Once the fire fell into the shrubs and it begun to burn, in fact, the whole village bunrnt down. The villagers thought this must have been a curse of the fisherman.
So they built a statue of 地蔵尊 Jizo Bosatsu on the place where he died and prayed for his soul, expecially on winter nights.


............................................................................ Mie 三重県

Old records tell of a Raiju being caught. On a painting it looks similar to a tanuki 狸 badger. But someone else caught one too and said it looked quite different.


............................................................................ Nagano　長野県

On 加賀国の白山 Mount Hakusan of the Kaga domain and on 信濃国の浅間山 Mount Asama of the Shinano domain there live Raiju. They look a bit like a fox. When they get caught, people bring them to Kyoto or Osaka to show for money. They place them in a net of iron and do not give them anything to eat or drink. When there seems to come an evening shower, the hair of the Yokai begin to stand on edge and their owners place a straw mat over the iron net.

There is also a powerful bird
kaminari no tori 雷の鳥 Thunder Bird
which eats the Raiju. Many of these birds live on Mount Hakusan.


. Asama yama, Asamayama 浅間山 Mount Asama .
active volcano in Nagano and Gunma

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茅野市 Chino

In a cave in the middle of the mountain lives the 雷獣 Raiju, venerated as
Raijin 雷神 the Deity of Thunder.
Near the hole there is a lot of white hair, almost like that of a cat.
This Deity has the form of a small dog and others say the hair looks like that of a tanuki 狢 badger. The space around his eyes is black, the nose long and small and its tail short.
The skin on the soles of his feet is soft like that of a child and it has five legs.
In winter it digs a hole and sleeps.
It is usually quite gentle and likes humans, but when it rains, it becomes wild.

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Once in a year with very strong rain two beasts came floating down the river, quite dead.
Their eyes were large like that of a dog, their fur ashen and the head long. The tail looked like that of a fox and the nails like that of a hawk.


............................................................................ Okayama 岡山県
浅口郡 Asakuchi district, 里庄町 Satosho

Once there was a thunderbolt at 虚空蔵山 Mount Kokuzo-Yama. But Kokuzo Bosatsu caught the Yokai and told him "If you do that once again at this place, I will not let you go unpunished!"
Since that time, there has not been a thunderbolt any more.
The villagers were very pleased about it and now have a festival every year on January 13.
In other parts they also know that if you venerate Kokuzo Bosatsu, there will be no thunderbolt.

. Kokuuzoo, Kokūzō 虚空蔵菩薩 Kokuzo Bosatsu .
Akashagarbha Bodhisattva


............................................................................ Saga 佐賀県
東松浦郡 Higashimatsuura district

In the Sage region, the 天火 Tenpi is called hi no tama 火の玉 ball of fire.
This ball with a long tail flies slanting, trying to hide. But it is said to cause fires and if people see it, they use drums and ritual bells to drive it away.

If the 天火 Tenpi enters a home, someone will become ill. So they drive it away with drums and ritual bells. Sometimes even the weather improves after this.

............................................................................ Saitama 埼玉県

On the land of the Nagai family in 岩槻 Iwaki the Raiju came down, run around in the fields, but the villagers got hold of him. It did not eat anything and died soon in his capture. So they took the carcass and stuffed it. It looked like a small dog, with sharp nails like a bear.

............................................................................ Shiga 滋賀県
甲賀郡 Koka district

aburabi (aburahi) 油火 "oil fire"
At mount 油日岳 Aburahidake （694m）
. Aburahi Jinja 油日神社 Aburahi Shrine, Shiga .



............................................................................ Shimane 島根県
邑智郡 Ochi district, 瑞穂町 Mizuho

When a thunderbold comes dow, its like the Raiju scratching a tree and the scars of its claws can be seen on the tree bark. Some villagers even say they have seen the Raiju run up a tree after lightning has stuck it.


............................................................................ Tochigi 栃木県

At 烏山 Mount Karasuyama there lived a strange beast, a Raiju. It looked like a mouse but was about as big as a weasel. During summer there were often holes in the mountain and this beast showed its head. When it saw a suitable cloud, this Raiju jumped on it and made its way to heaven.
Sometimes hunters went after this creature in spring, but never caught it.


............................................................................ Tokushima 徳島県

During the Edo period there had been a thunderbolt hitting a boat on the sea. After that they found a strange beast like an otter on the boat.
Since it was such an unusual being, they thought it might be a Raiju Yokai and they put the creature in a 見世物 curiosity show.

. kawauso 獺魚 otter, river otter .


............................................................................ Tokyo 東京都

The Raiju does not like rakuda 駱駝 camels, therefore to prevent a thunder and lightning from hitting, people post the image of a camel on their entrance of the home.

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Edo no Nana Fushigi 江戸の七不思議 Seven Wonders of Edo

In the year 1799, a Raiju was caught in Edo !
This was one of the Seven Wonders at that time.

. Edo Nana Fushigi 江戸七不思議 The Seven Wonders of Edo　 .


............................................................................ Wakayama 和歌山県
本宮町 Hongu

yabi 矢火 "fire arrow"
A "fire arrow" is read. The red light is not a heavenly sign of something unusual to come. If the light has a bluish tail as it flows over the river, and looks like a ball of fire, then someone in the village has died.
Sometimes it takes time after someone watched a bluish ball of light until the news of a death is given.

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CLICK for more photos !

- reference : nichibun yokai database 妖怪データベース -

- reference : raiju thunder -

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乱世に似て雷獣の跳梁す

雷獣もその獣性に駈らるらし

相生垣瓜人 Aiaigaki Kajin (1898 - 1985)

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- Yōkai 妖怪 Yokai monsters - - ABC-Index -

. - yookai, yōkai 妖怪 Yokai monsters - .
- Reference -

. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .


. Kappa densetsu　河童伝説, Kappa minwa 河童民話 - Legends - Introduction .

. Tengupedia - 天狗ペディア　- Tengu ABC-List .

. Mingei 民芸　Regional Folk　Art from Japan .

- #raiju #thunderyokai -
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Posted By Gabi Greve to Kappa - The Kappapedia on 9/28/2016 02:39:00 pm

EDO sentaku doing laundry

https://edoflourishing.blogspot.jp/2016/10/sentaku-washing-in-edo.html
.

sentaku washing in Edo

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. Interior Design - The Japanese Home .
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sentaku 洗濯 washing, doing the laundry in Edo

In rural Japan, washing was often done at a river side. Some villages also had a special small waterway run through the main street and homes could use this water.
Remote homes all had a special well or wakimizu 湧き水, fresh water welling out from the mountains and kept in a container, to be used for drinking, washing, bathing etc.

In towns, wells were the place to get water and cleaning the wells was important.

. sarashi-i . 晒井 cleaning the well .
kigo for early summer
and
idohori shi　井戸堀師 craftsman digging a well or making a new well



The Water Deity of Katsuyama, Okayama

The goodwill of the God of Water is very important to a rice-growing and farming society.
. Suijin sama 水神様 The God of Water .
Mizu no Kamisama 水の神様 / Sui-ten Suiten 水天


Doing the laundry for a big family in the Edo period . . . without electricity, was hard work.



Water was placed in a bucket and the cloth was rubbed on
sentakuita, sentaku-ita 洗濯板 a wooden board.

Natural soap consisted of wood ash and fat or some alkali substance.

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source : Tokyo Metropolitan Library
洗い張り arai-hari by 歌川国安 Utagawa Kuniyasu (1794 - 1832)

A kimono was usually taken apart and the pieces washed and later sowed together again:
arai-hari, araihari, arai hari 洗い張り / 洗張り wash and stretch
tokiarai, toki-arai 解き洗い / 解洗い　take apart and wash
This form of washing was used for Kimono and haori　羽織 jackets.



- quote -
In the past, a kimono would often be entirely taken apart for washing, and then re-sewn for wearing. This traditional washing method is called arai hari. Because the stitches must be taken out for washing, traditional kimono need to be hand sewn.
After washing, he fabric is stretched on a delicate frame of bamboo and strings or pasted on a wooden board.
Arai hari is very expensive and difficult and is one of the causes of the declining popularity of kimono.
Modern fabrics and cleaning methods have been developed that eliminate this need, although the traditional washing of kimono is still practiced, especially for high-end garments.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !



source : lb.nagasaki-u.ac.jp/siryo-search

arai-hari in the Meiji period
The wooden plates were covered with nori 糊 natural glue and the pieces stretched on them.
The plates were made of sugi 杉 one piece of cedar wood.
The glue was funori 布海苔 made from sea weed (red algae, Gloiopeltis frucata.


Drying the robes on bamboo poles or placing the parts of a kimono on wooden boards -
this gave reason to a special business in Edo:
. hari-ita uri 張り板売り vendors of wooden boards to dry a kimono after washing .

. kimono 着物 traditional Japanese robe .


- reference : arai hari -


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. idobata kaigi　井戸端会議　debates (gossip) at the well .
Women used to come to the village wells and designated places along rivers to do the laundry
and the mental laundry (gossip)。

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. oni no inu ma ni sentaku 鬼の居ぬ間に洗濯 .
Doing the laundry while the devil is away.
the mice enjoy the home while the cat is away

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. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

.................................................................................　Shizuoka 静岡県
浜松市 Hamamatsu

sentakugitsune, sentaku kitsune 洗濯狐 the Fox doing laundry
Near the river 平釜川 Hiragama thre was a temple with many trees in the compound. At night, a fox came to the river and people could hear the sound of ザブザブ zabu zabu as if he was doing the laundry.


CLICK for more photos !

. kitsune densetsu 狐　伝説 fox legends - Introduction .

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- reference : nichibun yokai database -
洗濯 68 to explore / 14 洗濯物
洗濯狐 - ok

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- - - - - H A I K U and S E N R Y U - - - - -

. Kobayashi Issa 小林一茶 in Edo .

洗たくの婆々へ柳の夕なびき
sentaku no baba e yanagi no yuu nabiki

to the old woman
doing laundry, the evening
willow bows
Tr. David Lanoue


source : lotusgreenfotos.blogspot.jp - Doris Boulton


. WKD : yanagi 柳 willow .
- - kigo for late spring - -


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. Edo bakufu 江戸幕府 The Edo Government .

. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo　江戸の名所 .

. Doing Business in Edo - 商売　- Introduction .

. shokunin 職人 craftsman, craftsmen, artisan, Handwerker .

. senryu, senryū 川柳　Senryu poems in Edo .

. Japanese Architecture - Interior Design - The Japanese Home .

. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .


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