EDO - The Edo Clan #edohistory

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The Edo Clan of the Musashi Taira　武蔵江戸氏 Musashi Edo-Shi

They lived in the hamlet 江戸郷 Edo Go, their Homeland in the Musashi Plain. It was located in the
日比谷の入江 Hibiya no Irie inlet.
Edo 江戸 means "estuary", lit. "inlet door", "entrance to the inlet".

Other clans who lived in the Edo area before Tokugawa Ieyasu established the Bakufu government:



畠山氏 Hatakeyama clan in 深谷 Fukaya
河越氏 Kawagoe clan in 川越　Kawagoe
豊島氏 Toyoshima clan in 川口　Kawaguchi

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- quote
The Edo clan were a minor offshoot of the Taira clan,
and first fortified the settlement known as Edo, which would later become Tokyo. The Imperial Palace now stands at this location.
During the Azuchi-Momoyama period, the clan was renamed the 武蔵喜多見氏 Musashi Kitami clan.
The clan originated in Chichibu in Musashi Province (now Saitama Prefecture). In the late 12th century,
江戸重継 Edo Shigetsugu (Chichibu Shigetsugu) moved south and fortified the little hill at Edo, located where the Sumida River enters Tokyo Bay. This area later became the Honmaru and Ninomaru portions of Edo Castle. There, the Edo grew in military strength under the second patriarch, Edo Shigenaga.

In August 1180, Shigenaga attacked Muira Yoshizumi, an ally of the rival Minamoto clan. Three months later, he switched sides just as Minamoto Yoritomo entered Musashi. Shigenaga assisted the Minamoto in overthrowing the Taira in Kyoto. In return, Yoritomo granted Shigenaga seven new estates in Musashi Province, including Kitami in what is now Tokyo's western Setagaya Ward.

Records show that in 1457, Edo Shigeyasu surrendered his main base at Edo to Ota Dokan. Dokan was a vassal of the powerful Ōgigayatsu branch of the Uesugi clan under Uesugi Sadamasa. Sadamasa was the Kanto-Kanrei for the Ashikaga. Dokan built Edo castle on the site. The Edo clan then moved to Kitami.

In 1593, in a pledge of obedience to Tokugawa Ieyasu, Edo Katsutada changed the clan name to Kitami. Katsutada was employed by the first and second Tokugawa shoguns, reaching the position of Magistrate of Sakai, south of Osaka. Katsutada's grandson-in-law, Shigemasa, found favor with the fifth shogun Tokugawa Tsunayoshi. He rose from the position of hatamoto, with a stipend of one thousand koku, to sobayonin, or "Grand Chamberlain", with a stipend of twenty thousand. It was an influential post, responsible for relaying messages between the shogun and his senior councilors. He was also awarded a large domain in 1686. However, the clan's fortunes suddenly plummeted. In 1689, Shigemasa's nephew violated the Shogunate taboo on bloodshed. Shigemasa had to forfeit his status and property and was banished to Ise, where he died in 1693 at age 36. The 500-year-old Edo clan essentially ceased as a recognized clan.
Tombstones of several generations of the clan are at 慶元寺 Keigen-Ｊi, a Buddhist temple founded in 1186 by Edo Shigenaga, in Kitami.
The name later changed to 常陸江戸氏 Hitachi Edo-Shi.
- source : wikipedia



江戸重長 Edo Taro Shigenaga 　
was the second head of the Edo clan. He first settled and lent his name to the fishing village Edo that eventually grew to become Tokyo.
He was also known as Edo Taroo 江戸太郎　Edo Taro.
In 1180, Shigenaga was asked by Minamoto Yoritomo to cooperate in his uprising against rule of the Taira in Kyoto. Hesitant at first, Shigenaga eventually helped Yoritomo overthrow the Taira rule. Yoritomo granted Shigenaga seven new estates in Musashi Province, including Kitami in what is now Tokyo's western Setagaya Ward.

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source : 4travel.jp/travelogue/10825822

Graves of the Musashi Kitami Clan - 江戸氏之墓所
慶元寺 Keigen-Ｊi - see below

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- quote -
The ones who got there first
Four centuries before Tokugawa Ieyasu arrived at Edo, a fierce band of mounted warriors had already fortified the hill where Ieyasu would build his magnificent Edo Castle, and on which the Imperial Palace now stands.

In the late 12th century, the Edo clan, as these warriors called themselves, had moved south from Chichibu in present-day Saitama Prefecture led by their patriarch, Edo Shigetsugu. Seizing Edo, they rapidly built up their military presence in the southern Kanto Plain to such a point that, in 1180, Shigenaga, the second clan head, was asked by Minamoto Yoritomo (1147-99) to cooperate in his uprising against the great Taira family in Kyoto.

Shigenaga was not easily persuaded, but eventually lent his power to Yoritomo in overthrowing Taira rule. In appreciation, Yoritomo granted Shigenaga seven new estates in Musashi Province, including Kitami in what is now Tokyo's western Setagaya Ward.

Little is known about the Edo clan in the turbulent Kamakura Period that began with Yoritomo's founding of a shogunate in that city in 1192; nor do we know of their fate during the Kyoto-based shogunate known as the Muromachi Period, that ran from 1338-1573. However, records show that in 1457, Edo Shigeyasu surrendered his main base at Edo to Ota Dokan (1432-86), a vassal of Uesugi Sadamasa, Governor of the Kanto Plain, and moved to Kitami. Dokan then built a castle on the site with views of Mount Fuji and Edo Bay, before being killed by an assassin sent by his own master in 1486. The castle was then abandoned until it was taken over by Ieyasu in 1590.

In a pledge of obedience to Ieyasu, Edo Katsutada changed the clan name to Kitami in 1593. Katsutada was employed by the first and second shoguns, reaching the position of Magistrate of Sakai, south of Osaka.

His grandson-in-law, Shigemasa, bathed in the special favor of the fifth shogun and rose to the rank of daimyo by 1682. Promoted to a sobayonin (grand chamberlain), whose influential role was to relay messages between the shogun and his senior councilors, he was awarded a further large domain in 1686.

From this zenith of happiness, however, Shigemasa's fortunes plummeted — and with them, those of the Edo clan. In 1689, Shigemasa's nephew violated the shogunal taboo on bloodshed and the family was held collectively responsible. As punishment, Shigemasa forfeited his status and all property and was banished to Ise, where he died in 1693 at age 36. His kin was similarly punished, and with that the 500-year-old Edo clan vanished.

To this day, however, memories of the first possessor of Edo linger on at Keigen-ji in Kitami, Setagaya Ward, an impressive Buddhist temple founded in 1186 by Edo Shigenaga. Tombstones of several generations of the clan, some quite eroded but others recently renovated, huddle together in a corner of the graveyard, tied eternally by their invisible bond of kinship.
- source : Japan Times 2003 - Sumiko Enbutsu -

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Keigenji 慶元寺 Keigen-Ji
永劫山 花林院 慶元寺 Eigosan Karin-In Keigen-Ji
世田谷区喜多見4-17-1 / 4 Chome-17-1 Kitami, Setagaya ward
浄土宗 Jodo Sect.

Apart from the main temple hall, it has a 鐘楼 bell tower and a 三重堂 three-story pagoda.


source and more photos : tesshow.jp/setagaya

The main statue is 阿弥陀如来 Amida Nyorai.
Edo Taro Shigenaga founded this temple, then called 岩戸山大沢院東福寺 Tofuku-Ji in 1186, which then belonged to the 天台宗 Tendai sect.
In 1451 it was relocated to 成城(元喜多見） Seijo (Moto Kitami) and found its final place in 1468.
In 1540, the priest 空誉上人 / 空与（空與）/ 空与守欣上人 Kuyo Shonin revitalized the temple, which had lost its importance. The name changed 上山華林院慶元寺 and now it belonges to the Jodo Sect.
In 1636, Shogun Iemitsu awarded the temple with land of 10石 (about １ha（10000㎡), annexing 6 temples in the neighborhood.

Number 4 in the pilgrimage to 33 Kannon temples along the Tamagawa 多摩川三十三ヶ所観音霊場.




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Kitami eki 喜多見駅 Kitami station
on the Odakyu Railway Line, on the border between Setagaya Ward and Komae City.
The name of the area,
Kitami, (also written 北見)
is thought to originate from an ancient Ainu word meaning "flat, wooded place".
- quote wikipedia -



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- Some further History -
... The Kantō Plain appears to have first been populated in the Late Jōmon Period sometime after 3100 BC. ...
... Kofun Period (200-500 AD) : It seems that around the 300's, Kantō became a vassal state of the Yamato Court. There are more than 200 Kofun in the Tōkyō Metropolis.
丸山古墳 Maruyama Kofun "Round Mountain" Kofun is in 芝公園 Shiba Kōen park ...


... "A feudal warlord named Ōta Dōkan came into the small fishing village of Edo and built his castle there."...
... "Though it was once an insignificant village in the marshy wetlands,
Tokugawa Ieyasu transformed Edo into a glorious capital befitting of the shōgun."...
... The Edo clan still had a residence in Kitami, which is present day Setagawa Ward. In light of Tokugawa Ieyasu's dominance over the area, it would be presumptuous (and confusing) for a clan to retain the name of the capital city when a new daimyō, appointed by the unifier of Japan, controlled that city. So in 1593, taking an oath of submission and fealty to Tokugawa Ieyasu, the last Edo Clan daimyō gave up the name Edo and assumed the name, Kitami, which was where their primary holdings were. ...
... In 1693, the direct family line, no longer Edo but Kitami, was extinguished after the banishment of Kitami Shigeyasu to Ise when his grandson murdered somebody or something.
... At the height of Tokugawa power, the castle is said to have been the biggest in the world and the city was likely the most populous.
- More details and history about the name of EDO -
- source : japanthis.com/2013 -

. Oota Dookan 太田道灌 Ota Dokan (1432 - 1486) .

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- - - - - Now we come to September 3rd, 1868 :
慶応4年7月17日（西暦では1868年9月3日）
Edo o shooshite Tōkyō to nasu shoosho 江戸を称して東京と為すの詔書
江戸ヲ称シテ東京ト為スノ詔書


Imperial Edict Renaming Edo to Tōkyō.

私は、今政治に自ら裁決を下すこととなり、全ての民をいたわっている。
江戸は東国で第一の大都市であり、四方から人や物が集まる場所である。当然、私自らその政治をみるべきである。よって、以後江戸を東京と称することとする。これは、私が国の東西を同一視するためである。
国民はこの私の意向を心に留めて行動しなさい。

"I at this time settle all matters of state myself in the interest of the people.
Edo is the largest city in the eastern provinces, a place in which things gather from every direction. It were well that
I should personally oversee its governance. Therefore from this time on I shall call it"Tokyo"(Eastern Capital).
This is so that I might oversee all affairs in the land equally, from east to west.
Let the people heed this my will."

- reference source : wikipedia -

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- reference : Edo Shigenaga -
- reference : Kitami Edo Tokyo -

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. Edo bakufu 江戸幕府 The Edo Government .

. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo　江戸の名所 .

. Doing Business in Edo - 商売　- Introduction .


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Posted By Gabi Greve to Edo - the EDOPEDIA - on 12/10/2016 09:57:00 am

MINGEI - kosho Daruma Chiba

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. Chiba Folk Art - 千葉県 - Introduction .
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kosho Daruma 古書だるま Daruma from old books

They are made by 松本節太郎 Matsumoto Setsutaro, who makes all kinds of dolls from local clay and paper, 下総玩具 Shimofusa gangu toys.
He has produced more than 1500 dolls.
Before settling down at his shop, 根戸工房 he roamed the area as a kind of homeless wanderer.
He used to pack his rucksack full of dolls, travel to downtown Tokyo and sit by the roadside or at a temple ground during a festival to sell them.
He made kubi ningyoo 首人形 head dolls and kashiwa hariko 柏張り子 papermachee dolls in the Kashiwa style.

Look at this page for 30 photos of his work:
source : kashiwa-museum.com/exhibition

松本節太郎 Matsumoto Setsutaro (1903 - 2004)

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. Reference - "古書だるま" .

. gangu 玩具　伝説, omochcha おもちゃ 　toy, toys and legends .
- Introduction -

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. Regional Folk Toys from Japan .

. Japan - Shrines and Temples .


. Tohoku after the BIG earthquake March 11, 2011

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Posted By Gabi Greve to Omamori - Japanese Amulets on 12/26/2016 01:19:00 pm

EDO - Takanawa district

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. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo　江戸の名所 .
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Takanawa district 高輪, Takanawadai 高輪台 　 　


Takanawa Uchimachi 高輪牛町 Takanawa Ushicho

. machiwari, machi-wari 町割り 'division of towns and streets', districts .
Each machi 町 square was closed by a kido 木戸 wooden gate. The gates were open from 4 in the morning till about 10 in the evening.


高縄 "High rope", Takanawa is the original spelling of the name, 高縄手道 Takanawa Temichi.
The straight road looks like a rope spread out on the high ground (takadai 高台) and was the first view of visitors entering the town of Edo via the Tokaido road.


The district is divided in three parts, 高輪北町 North,　高輪中町 Central, and　高輪南町 South, which was close to Shinagawa.
Next to the Northern Takanawa district was 高輪車町 Takanawa Kurumacho with the Great Gate.
The sea front along Central Takanawa was called 袖ヶ浦　Sodegaura. It was connected to the river 深川 Fukagawa
via a canal.

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高輪之明月 Full Moon at Takanawa


Hiroshige 歌川広重　

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高輪二十六夜　Takanawa on the night of the 26th day


Utagawa Toyokuni III and Utagawa Hiroshige II 1864

Takanawa was famous for its full view of Edo Bay, especially for viewing the Nijūrokuyamachi moon.
"Nijūrokuyamachi" was a custom where people would wait for the late moon rising on the 26th day of the first and seventh month of the lunar calendar and many would gather on coasts and heights.
- source : library.metro.tokyo.jp/Portals -

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「江戸十二景　高輪」Takanawa - from the series Twelve Views of Edo


Utagawa Hiroshige I
source : mfa.org/collections/object Boston


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Takanawa Ushimachi 高輪牛町 Takanawa "Ox Town"

- quote -
Oxen were used for overland transport of heavy cargo in Edo.
Ox carts came into use around 1630, and at one point Edo had 30 ox keepers with a total of 600 oxen, but this mode of transport declined as human-pulled daihachiguruma carts came into widespread use.
- source :web-japan.org/tokyo/know - Edo Transportation -


source : yogimessage.seesaa.net/article - Hasegawa Settan

- quote
Takanawa Okido 高輪　大木戸　The Gates of Edo - Takanawa
Edo is a huge, sprawling city with over one million inhabitants. When Tokugawa Ieyasu first started building the city, he could never have imagined that it would grow to such a size. Today, the suburbs of the city are expanding farther and farther, so that when many people speak of "Edo", they are talking about the towns and villages that stretch as far as the Tama river to the southwest and the Ara river to the north and east. However, there is a landmark on the Tokaido, on the southern edge of the city, which has long been considered the "official" gateway to the city. A broad, imposing stone wall, which crosses the main road, extends all the way to the shore of Edo bay, and the Tokaido passes through this wall at a huge gate, known as the Takanawa Okido (great wooden gate).

Today, the Okido at Takanawa, and a similar gate at Yotsuya, are little more than official boundary markers. However, when they were first built, these massive gates formed the first line in the military defenses that the Shoguns built to protect their capital. The Takanawa district also marks the start of the shitamachi, or "downtown" area of Edo, characterized by its tightly packed "row houses", stores, workshops and official buildings. Traditionally, the Okido is also the place where relatives and friends say their farewells to people travelling west from Edo.



The great gate and stone wall were originally built as defences to protect the city from attack. No one has ever attempted to attack Edo, and probably no one would ever dream of doing so today. In the late 1700s, Japan has enjoyed a period of peace and stability for well over 150 years! However, when Tokugawa Ieyasu, the first Shogun, began building his capital city here in 1590, the country was still in the final phases of a long era of almost continuous warfare, and Ieyasu spared no expense to build strong fortifications for his city.

The long period of civil war and internal strife was called the Sengoku Jidai (The age of warring states). It was an age of countless battles and skirmishes between powerful daimyo, and it lasted for more than a century. During this period, no part of the country could consider itself totally safe from attack, so all of the major daimyo built huge fortresses to protect their domains. Although Edo has now grown into a sprawling, peaceful metropolis, you can still see the remains of when it was a fortress city, controlled by the most powerful warlord in Japan. Massive ramparts, moats, and towering fortress walls can be seen almost everywhere you go in the city

Just outside the gate, in a wide and busy square, are many chaya (tea houses). The people of Edo eat many of their meals at tea shops or other "restaurants", rather than at home. This is partly because their houses tend to be quite small and cooking space is at a premium. Besides, it is almost as expensive to eat at home as it is to eat out, and it is definitely more work to cook. In the warm and humid climate that characterizes Edo for most of the year, food spoils quickly. Apart from pickled vegetables or dried basic foods like rice and noodles, it is difficult to store food items at home. Therefore, even when they make a home-cooked meal Edo citizens have to buy most of their food on the same day they eat it.

Because it is so difficult and time-consuming to eat at home, people in Edo (especially those from the middle and upper classes) have developed the habit of "eating out" often. Nearly every district of the city has clusters of chaya. Small restaurants and food stalls can be found on most main streets. There is a wide variety of difｆerent types of chaya in Edo. Some serve only tea, and often treat customers to a simplified version of the traditional Japanese tea ceremony. Others are more like restaurants, serving all sorts of food and snacks. Some chaya offer entertainment, such as singers, comedians or even amateur sumo wrestling.

The tea houses in the Okido district are all quite busy throughout the day, but interesting enough, the biggest crowds can be seen in the early morning. This is because large groups of people come to Takanawa to see off relatives or friends who are preparing to embark on journeys along the Tokaido. Takanawa Okido has traditionally been the spot where people say their farewells. In order to get a good start on the journey, most travellers leave early in the morning. That is why the shops and restaurants around the Okido are quite busy in the morning

Highway travel is extremely common in Edo Japan, perhaps more so than in any other nation of the world during the same period. The strong tradition of religions pilgrimages accounts for many of the travelers. In addition, merchants and entertainers are a common sight on the highways. However, the majority of the traffic up and down Japan's major roads is the result of the system of Sankin-kotai (alternate attendance) -- a custom that forces all of the major daimyo to spend at least four months out of every year living in Edo.

The first Shoguns instituted the custom of Sankin-kotai in order to keep an eye on their main military rivals. Japan was just emerging from the Sengoku Jidai, and the leaders were never sure how much they could trust their vassals. Tokugawa Ieyasu passed a law which forced major daimyo to build homes in Edo and to spend a part of every year living in Edo. This gives the Shogun a chance to keep an eye on them, and test their loyalty. For the other eight months of the year, they are allowed to go back to their homes in the provinces to look after their land and take care of local business. However, their wives and their eldest sons have to remain in Edo whenever they return home. If any daimyo decided to rebel against the Shogun, their wives and children could be used as hostages.

Thus, every daimyo in Japan makes an elaborate journey twice a year (one trip going to Edo and another going back to their home province). During the journey, the daimyo is accompanied by dozens, if not hundreds of assistants, retainers and family members. There is also a steady stream of lesser officials, who also travel with fairly large groups of servants and guards. These officials and advisors carry messages and information to and from the daimyo, allowing them to govern their provinces effectively even while they are in Edo.
- source : Edomatsu

. chaya, -jaya 茶屋 tea shop, tea stall - Introduction .

. sankin kootai 参勤交代 Sankin Kotai Daimyo attendance in Edo .




Takanawa Ushimachi 高輪うしまち / Hiroshige 歌川広重

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. 47浪人　/ 忠臣蔵　47 Ronin and the Chushingura and Sengaku-Ji 泉岳寺 .
"In the midst of a nest of venerable trees in Takanawa, a suburb of Yedo, is hidden Sengakuji, or the Spring-hill Temple, renowned throughout the length and breadth of the land for its cemetery, which contains the graves of the Forty-seven Rônin, famous in Japanese history, heroes of Japanese drama, the tale of whose deed I am about to transcribe."
— Mitford, A. B.

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. Gofunai 御府内八十八ヶ所霊場 88 Henro Temples in Edo .
高野山東京別院 Koyasan Tokyo Betsu-In - "Koyasan Tokyo Branch Temple"
港区高輪3-15-18 // Minato Ward, Takanawa


. 高輪銭洗不動 Takanawa Zeniarai Fudo. .
Fudo Temple to wash your money to make it multiply.
東京都港区高輪一丁目 - 黄梅院 Kobai-In

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Toozenji, Tōzen-ji 東禅寺　Tōzen-ji

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a Rinzai Zen temple established in 1609.
The first British legation in Japan was placed in this temple in 1859, but it was assaulted twice soon after that by samurais who were opposed to its existence, which resulted in some dead or wounded, and the legation retreated to Yokohama following this event.
Its precincts are well-maintained, and there is a three-storied-pagoda.
Sanmon, the main gate of the temple, was erected in 1971.
Hondo was completed in 1933.
Sanju-no-to, or the three-story pagoda, was erected in 1992.
- source and photos : visiting-japan.com/en -

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- More Takanawa sites -
Shrine Maruyama Jinja / Hatakeyama Memorial Museum

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- - - - - H A I K U and S E N R Y U - - - - -

石蕗咲くや高輪木戸に馬の墓
tsuwa saku ya Takanawa kido ni uma no haka

rock butterburs are flowering -
graves of the horses
at Takanawa Great Gate
Tr. Gabi Greve

Itoo Hideji 伊東秀二 Ito Hideji

. WKD : tsuwa no hana 石蕗の花 rock butterbur flowers .
- - kigo for early winter - -


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. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo　江戸の名所 .

. Doing Business in Edo - 商売　- Introduction .

. shokunin 職人 craftsman, craftsmen, artisan, Handwerker .

. Japanese Architecture - Interior Design - The Japanese Home .

. senryu, senryū 川柳　Senryu poems in Edo .

. densetsu 伝説　Japanese Legends - Introduction .


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Posted By Gabi Greve to Edo - the EDOPEDIA - on 10/20/2015 09:31:00 am

MINGEI - Yamagata city mingei

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. Yamagata Folk Art - 山形県　 - Introduction .
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Yamagata Mingei 山形市民芸 Folk art from Yamagata city



quote
Yamagata (山形市 Yamagata-shi) is the capital city of Yamagata Prefecture located in the Tōhoku region of northern Japan.
The Mogami River passes through the city, which includes Mount Zaō within its borders. ...
The area of present-day Yamagata was part of Dewa Province. During the Edo period, it was the center of Yamagata Domain under the Tokugawa shogunate. The modern city of Yamagata was founded on April 1, 1889 as the capital of Yamagata Prefecture. The city attained Special city status on April 1, 2001.
source : More in the Wikipedia

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. butsudan, Yamagata Butsudan 山形仏壇 Buddhist Family Altar .

. hariko, Yamagata hariko 山形張り子 papermachee dolls .
. . . . . including Shibue ningyoo 渋江人形 Shibue dolls
. . . . . tako ni neko 蛸に猫 octopus cuddeling a manekineko cat

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Hirashimizu-yaki 平清水焼 Hirashimizu pottery

. Hirashimizu - Vase with Daruma san .

Hirashimizu, the "Pottery Village, to the south of Yamagata city is a renowned pottery producing area.
It started with 小野藤次平 Ono Fujitsugitaira (Onofuji Jihei) around 1810, who settled here, coming from Hitachi province.
Around 1830, 安倍覚左エ門 Abe Satoshihidariemon (Abe Kakuza Doraemon) from the Soma clan settled here.



It is said that at its peak there were some 20 producers in the area. This number has now dwindled to six which are enjoying the recent boom in ceramics. The peach Celadon style whereby the iron particles protrude through the celadon glaze giving the pottery a peach-skin effect is particularly well known. Pottery lessons and tours of the buildings where the potters sit at their wheels can be arranged by the Shichiemon, Bun'emon and Heikichi potters.


Hirashimizu Daruma

Hirashimizu ningyoo 平清水人形 Hirashimizu clay dolls



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imono　山形鋳物 ironware, cast iron, metal art


「山形鋳物」950年の歴史 - 950 years of history
source : pref.yamagata.jp/ou/shokokanko


- quote -
- Yamagata Ironware: matured over 900 years

- Cutlery and Implements
Inheriting the tradition of swordsmiths, the challenge for new craftwork for Yamagata swordsmith.
It is said that around 650 years ago, the founder for Mogami family, Kaneyori Shiba (1315-1379) moved to Yamagata. He took his own smiths with him. Swords and farm equipment were produced according to times. Currently, scissors, knife and sickle are produced. The amount of production for cutlery and implements is highest in Tohoku area.
"Kaji-shou" is the brand for smith groups trying to create new design.
They are careful in selecting the technique(free forging) and materials (Blue Paper steel). They focus on modern design, sharpness and easy use.

- - - - - details
- source : www.yamagata-export.jp



- quote -
Yamagata Casting
In Yamagata city, Yamagata prefecture, there are two towns with peculiar names – Do machi and Imono (cast metal) machi. The names of these places are derived from the local specialty Yamagata Imono.



The origin of Yamagata Imono dates back to the Heian era (from 794 to 1185 or around 1192). When Minamoto no Yoriyoshi, a famous warlord during the Heian era, visited the Tohoku region to suppress a revolt (called the Battle of Zenkunen-no-eki), the imono artisans who had been brought along found that the sand in the Mamigasaki river running through Yamagata city and the soil around the Chitose park were perfect for imono. Some of them stayed in the area and began producing imono, which is said to be the beginning of Yamagata Imono. Later on, imono was presented as a tribute when Yamagata castle was built.

During the Edo era (1603 – 1868) when the life of common folk became more stable and different crafts began blooming in many parts of the country, a domain lord named Mogami Yoshiaki reorganized the castle town, gathered up imono artisans and established a town dedicated to imono, the current Do machi. It was around this time that foot-operated fans were brought in and the production of large imono items such as temple bells and garden lanterns started. As many people visited the Dewa-sanzan mountain, Yamagata Imono turned into souvenirs such as Buddhist altar articles and everyday products which rapidly spread the name nationwide and expanded its application from traditional craftworks to the production of sewing machines and automobile components. In 1974, part of the production in Do machi moved to the Yamagata Imono industrial complex, as more space was needed, and Imono machi was thus established. This is the history behind the unique names of these towns.

Yamagata Imono, which evolved from being the products of imono artisans serving warlords to everyday items in Japan, comes in a variety of forms, from large items such as bells, garden lanterns and machine components to more familiar ones like knives and frying pans. Yet every single product represents the soul of Yamagata Imono, with their accurate arrangement, smooth surface, strength and beauty.
- source : japan-brand.jnto.go.jp/crafts -


. tetsubin　鉄瓶 iron kettles - Introduction .

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. Kokeshi 山形こけし Yamagata Kokesh wooden dolls .

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. sashimono, Yamagata Sashimono 山形指物 cabinetry .

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kasen-dako 花泉凧 Kasen Kite
- (not : hanaizumidako) -


varieties:
こま凧(虎) komadako tiger　- こま凧(福助) komadaku Fukusuke 　- くらげ凧(うさぎ) kuragedako usagi 　- 角凧（蛇王丸）kakudako

This type of kite was first produced by 阿部華泉(あべかせん) Abe Kasen around 1840 in the suburb of 八日町 Yokamachi in Yamagata town.
In the local dialect they are called obata 小旗 "small flags".
The Abe family is now in the fourth generation making these kites, the present Abe san lives in 天童市 Tendo.
- reference source : pref.yamagata.jp/ou/shokokanko/110010 -

There is a legend about おせんと蛇王丸 O-Sen and ?Hebiomaru.

. tako　凧 Kites of Japan - Introduction .

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quote (seems a google translate site)

Yamagata Shikki Lacquerware (Yamagata City) 山形漆器（山形市）
Lacquerware making using a special product of Yamagata
its history from more than 300 years ago
Yamagata that lacquerware have been made from more than 300 years ago. Work of lacquerware making is, plate products wooden base positions, paint jobs, decorative, performed in the sale and division of labor, in the Taisho period referred to as the dozens of lacquerware was in the artisan town. The technique basis, without leaving a brush uneven, but show the lacquer of the gloss "flower painting" was developed, currently, the only long-established to continue the lacquerware making in Yamagata "Honke Nagato (Nagato) in shop", its own "KennoSuke of (Gon'no Yosuke) we are coating".
Traditional coating technology and
has combined modern performance "assistant coating Noriyuki authority"
Kenno Jonuri is a technique that Yamaguchi Kenno assistant's predecessor and the current 13 generations that hope revival of Yamagata lacquerware devised while repeating the trial, subjected to a hand-carved of safflower pattern on the wooden base, from the base coat in this lacquer carried out until the top coat, further sow the red iron oxide pigment "Shu蒔(main winding) will finish on top of the Law". Jonuri Noriyuki Kwon This unique technique has been popular as a tractable folk tone lacquerware durable.

- TBA -
Yamagata Tategu (furnishings) (Yamagata City) 山形建具（山形市）
Kiri-bako (box made from paulownia) (Yamagata City) 　桐箱（山形市）
Tokogei (Rattan Crafts) (Yamagata City) 籐工芸（山形市）
Kirihata-no-Mokkohin (Wooden Works made in the Kirihata district)切畑の木工品（臼）
Yamagata Nokogiri (Saws) (Yamagata City) 山形鋸（山形市）
Yamagata hitting cutlery (Yamagata) 山形打刃物（山形市）
Wa-gasa, wagasa (Japanese traditional umbrella)(Yamagata City) 和傘（山形市）
？ Kirigami (paulownia paper) (Yamagata City) ?
- source : . . pref.yamagata.jp/ou/shokokanko


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. Reference　ー 山形市 民芸品
.

. gangu 玩具　伝説, omochcha おもちゃ 　toy, toys and legends .
- Introduction -

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. Join the MINGEI group on facebook ! .  



. Regional Folk Toys from Japan .

. Japan - Shrines and Temples .


. Tohoku after the BIG earthquake March 11, 2011

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Posted By Gabi Greve to Omamori - Japanese Amulets on 12/12/2016 09:59:00 am

KAPPA - Chikugobo Tengu

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. Tengupedia - 天狗ペディア　- Tengu ABC-Index .
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Chikugoboo Koorazan 高良山筑後坊
Chikugobo, Korazan Chikugo-Bo
高良山筑後坊（コウラザンチクゴボウ）A Tengu from Mount Korasan in the Chikugo region, now Kurume, Fukuoka.

He is one of the
. 四十八天狗 48 Tengu of Japan .

There is almost nothing to be found about this Tengu, only his name.
Here is some information about the region and Mount Korasan.

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. Koora Taisha 高良大社 Shrine Kora Daisha .
Also called 高良玉垂命神社 or 高良玉垂宮 Kora Tamataregu.
福岡県久留米市御井町1番地 / Kōra taisha 1 Miimachi, Kurume, Fukuoka
Kora Taisha is a prestigious, and the largest shrine in the region as the first shrine in Chikugo 筑後.
At a height of 312 meters, Mount Kora stands on the westernmost edge of the Mino Mountain Range. ... Kora Taisha Shrine, a former National Shrine and a major shrine in the Chikugo region.



筑後高良山高隆寺（御井寺）/ 高良山玉垂宮　Kora Shrine
source : biglobe.ne.jp/~s_minaga/ato_korasan

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- quote
Chikugo Province (筑後国 Chikugo no kuni) is the name of a former province of Japan in the area that is today the southern part of Fukuoka Prefecture on Kyūshū. It was sometimes called Chikushū (筑州), with Chikuzen Province. Chikugo was bordered by Hizen, Chikuzen, Bungo, and Higo Provinces.
The ancient capital of the province was located near the modern city of Kurume, Fukuoka.
In the Edo Period the province was divided into two fiefs: the Tachibana clan held a southern fief at Yanagawa, and the Arima clan held a northern fief at Kurume.
... Kōra taisha was the chief Shinto shrine (ichinomiya) of Chikugo.
- source : wikipedia

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There are many legends about Kappa 河童 the Water Goblin in Fukuoka and the Chikugo region.

Chikugo is the origin of a kind of Kappa Gaku Music, which is now an important intangible folk culture asset in Oita 大分県無形民俗文化財.
. Kappa Gaku 河童楽 "Music for the Kappa" .
and
more Kappa Legends from Kyushu 　河童伝説　- 九州
and
Oita 大分県　: 三隈川（筑後川）River Mikumagawa (Chikugogawa)


Kyushu's largest river, the Chikugogawa 筑後川 Chikugo River, runs through Kurume and makes up part of a fertile area that has long been called the Chikugo Plains.
. Kappa Legends from Tanushimaru 田主丸 Fukuoka .


. suijin 水神 water deity and Kappa legends .
In the year 901, when Sugawara Michizane was about to be murdered at the 筑後川 Chikugogawa river, the general of the regional Kappa 河童の大将 stretched out his arm to help him, but his hand was cut off.
at Kitano Tenmangu - Fukuoka 福岡県の北野天満宮



筑後の国には水天宮 / 筑後河畔の河童伝説 / 筑前と筑後
- reference : nichibun yokai database 妖怪データベース -
筑後 河童 11 legends to explore about the Kappa from Chikugo

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. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

南筑後山村行 / 『筑後風土記』 / 筑後久留米 Chikugo Kurume
八女郡黒木町大字黒木下町（旧筑後国上妻郡黒木町） . . .
- reference : nichibun yokai database 妖怪データベース -
27 legends to explore about the region (00)

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. - - - Join my Tengupedia friends on facebook ! - - - .

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. Tengu 天狗と伝説 Tengu legends "Long-nosed Goblin" .

. - yookai, yōkai 妖怪 Yokai monsters - .

. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

. Mingei 民芸　Regional Folk　Art from Japan .

- #chikugobo #korazanfukuoka #korasan #lchikugogawa -
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Posted By Gabi Greve to Kappa - The Kappapedia on 12/12/2016 01:17:00 pm

MINGEI - Hayachine Iwate

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. Iwate Folk Art - 岩手県　 - Introduction .
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The Hayachine region of Iwate 早池峰



Mount Hayachine (早池峰山 Hayachine-san), at 1,917 m (6,289 ft), is the highest mountain in the Kitakami Range and the second highest in Iwate Prefecture after Mount Iwate.
Mt. Hayachine is unusual in that it lies farther east than other large mountains on Honshu and the land in this area is the oldest in Japan. As such there are flower species that are unique to this mountain.
- source : wikipedia -


. Mt. Hayachine – mountain of the gods .
Hayachine Jinja 早池峰神社 Hayachine Shrine

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Kagura Dance and Music are part of the Shinto Rituals for the Gods, relating to ancient legends and were performed by priests and shrine maidens.
Now in some rural areas it is counted as a form of local art (minzoku geinoo) and preformed by the villagers themselves during the annual shrine festival.
. Kagura Dance　神楽 .
- Introduction -



CLICK for more photos !

quote
World Intangible Cultural Heritage Hayachine Kagura 早池峰神楽 ( Hanamaki City )
Kagura, or "god-entertainment," is a type of Shinto theatrical dance found throughout Japan. Kagura dancers are not professional performers; rather, they are local residents with other full time jobs, such as public employees, business owners, farmers, and carpenters. They would visit local homes and perform to pray for an abundant harvest, peace, and prosperity.

There are many versions of kagura in Iwate; the two of the most famous are Take Kagura and Otsugunai Kagura. Take Kagura, performed in the Take region where Hayachine Shrine is located, and Otsugunai Kagura, performed in the Otsugunai region, are together referred to as "Hayachine Kagura." With a history of over 500 years, Hayachine Kagura is designated as a national important intangible folk cultural property; in 2009, it was also inscribed on the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage list.

The two kagura are very similar, though with minor differences in program names. Both contain about 40 programs, and end with a dance called Gongen Mai ( Buddha Avatar Dance ) . Take Kagura Gongen Mai is performed at the top of Mt. Hayachine on the opening day of the mountain's hiking season.

In the Ohasama region of Hanamaki City, Hayachine Kagura is performed 8 times a year at events such as shrine festivals. In addition, Take Kagura, Otsugunai Kagura, and Yagimaki Kagura are performed on the 2nd Sunday of each month at the Hanamaki City Ohasama Exchange Vitalization Center ( admission charged ) . Hayachine Kagura is also often invited to perform in other areas; it has enjoyed several successful overseas performances as well.

Shiki Mai
Shiki Mai is the first six dances of a kagura performance: Tori Mai ( Chicken Dance ) , Okina Mai or Shiro Okina no Mai ( White-Faced Old Man's Dance ) , Sanbaso or Kuro Okina no Mai ( Black-Faced Old Man's Dance ) , Hachiman Mai, Yama no Kami Mai ( Mountain God's Dance ) , and Iwatobiraki no Mai ( Rock Door Opening Dance ) .

Shikigai no Mai
Shikigai no Mai includes: a dance reenacting Japanese mythology; a dynamic dance for the repose of the deceased and to drive away evil spirits; a dance representing war and vengeance; a narrative dance embodying a woman's emotions and an ascetic who provides salvation for her; a unique kyogen comedy involving ad-lib interactions with the audience; and finally, the Gongen Mai Dance.
source : japan-iwate.info/app


Kagura Dance Masks from Hayachine 早池峰神楽面



大迫郷土文化保存伝習館（愛称：早池峯岳神楽伝承館）
- reference and more photos : city.hanamaki.iwate.jp/bunkasports -


. 円万寺の観音堂 Temple Enman-Ji and the Kannon Hall .
This temple is also famous for it Hayachine Kagura dance.


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source :　folkcraft.samurai47.com

Gongen Mai Statue 権現舞　
This statue, known as "Gongen San", is displayed in homes in the hope that wishes will be granted. They are carved from Ohasama-grown wood using only one chisel. The chisel is called "Tsuki Nomi".

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Seiroku Tengu 清六天狗　
from Mount Hayachine 早池峰山 (遠野物語 Tono monogatari)

He lived on the border of Hanamaki and Kawai village. 岩手県花巻市と川井村/

- quote -
One house in Tono is said to have the jacked of a tengu.
it is like an undershirt with short sleeves, and it is made from a thin, loosely woven fabric. There is an imperial family crest of sixteen-petal chrysanthemums emproidered on the sleeves, suggesting an association with political power and authority. On the body of the jacket 「天狗の衣」, there are gourd-shaped designs with the same chrysanthemum pattern in the center. The jacket is blue.
Seiroku Tengu, with whom the head of the household was once friends, wore the jacket. According to what is said, Seiroku Tengu was from the Hanamaki area. He was fond of saying that he was "The King of All Creatures".

Seiroku Tengu would always walk behind people climbing Mt. Hayachine, but surprisingly he would always get to the top of the mountain ahead of them.
He would laugh and greet the climbers at the top, saying: "How come you are all so slow?"
He liked sake (rice wine) and would usually walk around with a small gourd that was used as a sake flask. No matter how much sake was put into the gourd, it never filled up. It is said he paid for his sake with some small rusty coins that he always carried around.

In addition to the tengu's jacket, this family had also received his wooden walking clogs, which they considered valuable. The youngest grandchild of Seiroku Tengu lives in a village near Hanamaki, and people call his home "Tengu House". A girl in the house recently became a prostitute and was living in a teahouse in Tono. In the evening, no matter how tightly the doors to the house were locked, she was out walking about the town. She seemed to take great pleasure in going into people's apple orchards and eating their fruit. It is said she went to Ichinoseki and is living there now.

Folk Legends from Tono: Japan's Spirits, Deities, and Phantastic Creatures
- source : books.google.co.jp -


source : toki.moo.jp/gaten/ gate427


. Tengupedia - ABC-List .

. Tōno monogatari 遠野物語 Tono Monogatari - Legends of Tono .

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Hayachine yaki 早池峰焼 Hayachine Pottery



Hayachine Pottery is well-known for its lampshades and finely decorated lanterns.

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早池峰のつるべ落しや神の声
Hayachine no tsurube otoshi ya kami no koe

autumn sunset
in the Hayachine mountains -
voice of the Kami / voice of the Gods

下田靜子 Shimoda Shizuko
.
kami no koe 神の声 - the voice of the Japanese Kami deities, lit. voice of "God"



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. Join the MINGEI group on facebook ! .  



. Regional Folk Toys from Japan .

. Japan - Shrines and Temples .


. Tohoku after the BIG earthquake March 11, 2011

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Posted By Gabi Greve to Omamori - Japanese Amulets on 12/08/2016 10:01:00 am

PERSON - Hanabusa Itcho

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Hanabusa Itchoo, Itchō 英一蝶 Hanabusa Itcho / Iccho
(1652 – 1724)


富士山図 Mount Fujisan seen from river 相模川 Sagamigawa

Hanabusa means "Flower Bouquet"
Itcho means "One Butterfly"

- quote
Hanabusa Itchō (英 一蝶, 1652 – February 7, 1724)
was a Japanese painter, calligrapher, and haiku poet. He originally trained in the Kanō style, under Kanō Yasunobu, but ultimately rejected that style and became a literati (bunjin). He was also known as Hishikawa Waō and by a number of other art-names.

Born in Osaka and the son of the physician Taga Hakuan, he was originally named Taga Shinkō. Hakuan was the official doctor for Lord Ishikawa of the Kameyama Clan in the Ise region.
Itcho studied Kanō painting with Kano Yasunobu, but soon abandoned the school and his master to form his own style, which would come to be known as the Hanabusa school.

In 1693 was arrested and thrown into jail.
He was exiled in 1698, for parodying one of the shogun's concubines in painting, to the island of Miyake-jima; he would not return until 1710. That year, in Edo, the artist would formally take the name Hanabusa Itchō.
In 1709 Shogun Tsunayoshi died, and in honor of the new government, Itcho was granted pardon to come back to Edo.

Most of his paintings depicted typical urban life in Edo, and were approached from the perspective of a literati painter. His style, in-between the Kanō and ukiyo-e, is said to have been "more poetic and less formalistic than the Kanō school, and typical of the "bourgeois" spirit of the Genroku period".
Hanabusa was the master of the later painter Sawaki Suushi.
Hanabusa
was a friend of haiku poet Kikaku and studied poetry under the master Matsuo Bashō, his haikai name was Gyoun.
He was an excellent calligrapher as well.
- source : wikipedia -

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Daruma 達磨


. Who is Daruma ?　達磨　だるまさん .
We have the story of a curtesan who commented about Daruma
"Well, he was sitting in quiet meditation for nine years, but we here have to sit and suffer in the Noisy Pleasure Quarters for more than ten years!"
The painter Hanabusa Itcho made a picture of the courtesan, which became the model of the Princess Daruma Dolls.


. Fujisan 富士山 Mount Fuji, Fuji-San .
Inrō in the Shape of Mount Fuji
18th–early 19th century - by Kajikawa School, based on a design by painter, calligrapher, and haiku poet Hanabusa Itchō (英 一蝶, 1652–1724).


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The Life and Afterlives of Hanabusa Itchô, Artist-Rebel of EDO
(Japanese Visual Culture)
by Miriam Wattles

Miriam Wattles recounts the making of Hanabusa Itchô (1652-1724), painter, haikai-poet, singer-songwriter, and artist subversive, in The Life and Afterlives of Hanabusa Itcho, Artist-Rebel of Edo.
Translating literary motifs visually to encapsulate the tensions of his time, many of Itch s original works became models emulated by ukiyo-e and other artists. A wide array of sources reveals a lifetime of multiple personas and positions that are the source of his multifarious artistic reincarnations. While, on the one hand, his legend as seditious exile appears in the fictional cross-media worlds of theater, novels, and prints, on the other hand, factual accounts of his complicated artistic life reveal an important figure within the first artists biographies of early modern Japan."
- source : amazon.com -


- quote M. Wattles : -
I have worked extensively on Hanabusa Itchô, someone lauded from the Edo period through to Taisho for being the father of giga, and so spent some time excavating "giga" as a genre of the Edo period. (Discused in my book, The Life and Afterlives of Hanabusa Itchô, 2013,
and in my essay "From Adverb to Noun: Some Thoughts on Hanabusa Itchô and the Instability of the 'Giga' Genre"
in Ota Shôko, ed, Edo no shuppan bunka kara hajimatta imeeji kakumei," 2007)
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- source : PMJS listserve forum -

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source : library.metro.tokyo.jp/portals

Twelve Months: New Year
英一蝶十二カ月の内 正月　Hanabusa Iccho Jūnikagetu no Uchi Shōgatsu
Painted by Hanabusa Icchō / Hanabusa Itcho




nunozarashi 布晒し Nuno Sarashi Mai-zu - Dancing with Cloth





"The Falling Thunder God"




一休和尚酔臥図 Ikkyu, the priest, lying down drunk

寝並んで小蝶と猫と和尚哉
ne narande kochoo to neko to oshoo kana

sleeping in a row ...
the little butterfly, the cat
and this old priest

. Kobayashi Issa 小林一茶 in Edo .

. oshoo 和尚　Buddhist priests in Haiku .

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. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .

. Mingei　民芸 Folk Art from Japan .　

. Welcome to Edo 江戸 ! .

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- Reference - 英一蝶 -
- Reference - hanabusa itcho -


. Authors and writers of the Edo period .

. Introducing Japanese Haiku Poets .

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Posted By Gabi Greve to PERSONS - index - PERSONEN on 12/06/2016 09:40:00 am