MINGEI - legends about nakodo matchmaker

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. Legends - Heian Period (794 to 1185) - Introduction .
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nakoodo, nakōdo 仲人 Nakodo, legends about matchmakers for marriage



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A nakōdo (仲人 matchmaker) serves the role of a go-between for families in the miai process. A nakōdo is not necessary for all miai. The nakōdo can be a family member, friend, or matchmaking company.
Professional organizations have begun to provide go-between services for inquiring candidates. These professional nakōdo are known as puro (pro) nakōdo.
The nakōdo is expected to play a variety of roles throughout the miai process. The first is the bridging role, hashikake (橋架け), in which the nakōdo introduces potential candidates and families to each other. The second role is as a liaison for the families to avoid direct confrontation and differences in opinions between them by serving as an intermediary for working out the details of the marriage.

miai (見合い, "matchmaking", lit. "looking at one another")
or omiai (お見合い) is a Japanese traditional custom
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !


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nakoodo isha　仲人医者　doctors as matchmakers for marriage
keian　慶庵 / 桂庵 Keian matchmaker
Named after the famous matchmacer-doctor Yamato Keian 大和慶庵 (around 1653).

A Nakodo go-between was necessary for a regular marriage in Edo.
Some doctors with a bad medical reputation could fall back on this kind of "business". Once the marriage was fixed, he would get quite a bit of "thank-you money".

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Yokai - Monsters having a miai meeting -



Look at the full scroll of the Monsters having a Miai and Wedding
Bakemono Konrei 化物婚礼
- source : Toyo Daigaku -


In the Yokai world, animals like fox, tanuki, serpent or Kappa are also Nakodo.


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- - - - - ABC List of the prefectures :

.................................................................. Fukushima 福島県 ....................................................................
会津若松市 Aizu Wakamatsu

tori no tobu yoo na oto 鳥の飛ぶような音 sound of a bird flying off

In the family of a matchmaker the wife had died and for about one month every day from the Tokonoma alcove the sound of a large bird flying off was to be heared.
When the husband looked, there was nobody.


.................................................................. Gifu 岐阜県 ....................................................................
和良村 Waramura

kitsune 狐 Fox

The bride of the house had already been on her way when the Nakodo came to pick her up. In fact it was a fox who had shapeshifted as the bride and walked at the top of the group.



.................................................................. Ishikawa 石川県 ....................................................................
河内村 Kawachimura

mujina むじな Tanuki badger

Once a Nakodo went to pick up the bride at her home. But out of the bushes there came a badger, with leaves on his head like the headgear of a bride. The Nakodo pretended not to suspect fraud, went close to the "bride" and hit the "Tanuki bride" with his long umbrella, until the Tanuki was dead.
Then the Nakodo carried the Tanuki to his home and postponed the wedding.



.................................................................. Miyagi 宮城県 ....................................................................
栗駒 Kurikoma - 馬橋坂 Umahashisaka

Umahashisaka no Mansukegitsune 馬橋坂の万助狐 Mansuke Kitsune the Fox

Mansuke is the most well-known fox in this region.
At the time of the cultivation of the 桧沢岳 Hisawadake region there was a man named Sato who had lost his wife and was working all alone.
One evening a Nakodo came and offered to find a new wife for him. The deal was fixed in a few days, the relatives invited for the wedding celebration. When all were drunk the bride, the Nakodo and the visitors suddenly showed her real form and all disappeared, including the feast in front of his eyes.

The bride of Mansuke was お花 O-Hana from Mount 花館山. People walking the path between the two mountains often got tricked by the fox couple.


A fox on a tea pot


Umahashisaka no Manjuuroo 馬橋坂の万寿郎狐 Manjuro the Fox

A legend of another fox called Manjuro tells of 宗作爺 Grandfather Sosaku. Once he went to some relatives to help putting new reeds on the roof. He got some rice cakes 月形餅や撒餅 for his help and was on his way home. When he passed the school the children came to him and asked to see the contents of his packet and wanted some to eat. He felt quite elated and wanted to share them with the children. When he tried to open the packes it suddenly disappeared and all the children were gone . . . Manjuro had played a trick on him!


.................................................................. Nagano 長野県 ....................................................................
山ノ内町 Yamanouchi

kitsune 狐 Fox

A samurai was asked to expell a fox from the village.
But the fox asked him instead:
"I was asked to be the Nakodo and bring the bride to the home of the groom. On the way she suddenly asked to take a bath and I don't know what to do. Can you do it in my place?"
When he tried to help the fox and went to the bath he suddenly found himself sitting in a puddle of mud instead . . .





.................................................................. Niigata 新潟県 ....................................................................
松之山町 Matsunoyama

hebi 蛇 serpent

The serpent wanted the princess of the pond 蒲生池 / 蒲生の池 Kamo-no-ike as his bride. But the Nakodo was refused. In his anger he killed all the members of the family.
He borrowed the famous serpent-cutting sword 蛇切丸 and fought with the enemy.

This is a famous sword 蛇切丸 with more legends in other regions of Japan.
- reference -

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.................................................................. Kappa legends 河童 ...............................................................

. Welcome to the Kappapedia ! .


Once a Kappa from the bridge 宮川橋 Miyagawakyo became a bride. The Nakodo was from 二の橋 Ninohashi.
The "Kappa" in this tale is in fact a prostitute from a tea stall. Ninohashi was famous for the Aimaiya, Aimai-Ya 曖昧屋 , a kind of tea stall, eatery or lodging, keeping aimai women 曖昧女(おんな) prostitutes.

Aimai chaya 曖昧茶屋, Aimai yado 曖昧宿.

aimai 曖昧 is a normal word of the Japanese language, it means ambiguous, not clearly defined, obscure, vague . . . (you can google for more).


. chaya　茶屋　tea shop, tea stall business in Edo .
fuuzoku, fûzoku　風俗 Fuzoku, entertainment and sex business




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今さら意味を聞けない日本語1000
explaining a lot of "aimai" words with ambiguous meanings.
一言居士、かなぼうひき、ゆめゆめ、烏の行水、あまつさえ、まめまめしい、度し難い、益体も無い……大人なら使ってみたい曖昧で間違いやすい言葉の数々。
(available at amazon com.)

yokai database 妖怪データベース　 - source : www.nichibun.ac.jp -

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. minwa 民話　folktales / densetsu 伝説　Japanese Legends .
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- Yookai 妖怪 Yokai Monsters of Japan -
- Introduction -

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Posted By Gabi Greve to Heian Period Japan on 8/16/2015 01:50:00 p.m.

DARUMA - Temple Mibudera

LINK
http://washokufood.blogspot.jp/2009/08/hooroku-jizo.html

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Mibudera 壬生寺 Mibu-Dera


31 Mibunaginomiyacho, Nakagyo Ward, Kyoto

According to tradition Mibu-dera Temple was established by the order of Emperor SHOMU (r. 724-749) for the Chinese monk known in Japan as GANJIN (JIANZHEN in Chinese; 688-763). Monk GANJIN introduced the Ritsu Sect of Buddhism from China into Japan. He is most famous for persisting in his attempts to reach Japan, despite many disastrous failures by ship, finally making it when he was already 66 years old and blind. The most famous temple of the Ritsu Sect is Toshodaiji in Nara, founded by GANJIN.

The actual founder of Mibu-dera Temple was KAIKEN, a monk of another temple in Mibu district, who erected a chapel for the Bodhisattva Jizo at the site of GANJIN'S former residence in 991. This chapel, just east of the present location, was completed in 1005. The enshrined statue was carved by JOCHO (?-1057), the best sculptor of Buddhist images in Kyoto during the Heian Period. The only surviving work of JOCHO is housed in Byodo'in Temple in Uji.



In 1077 the Emperor SHIRAKAWA (r.1073-87) awarded Mibu-dera Temple the status of Chokuganji (a temple where prayers were offered for the well-being of the Imperial Family and the tranquility of the country).

At the beginning of the Kamakura Period (1185 - 1392), TAIRA no MUNEHIRA , reestablished Mibu-dera Temple at its present location after it and JOCHO's Jizo were destroyed by fire in 1257.

DOGYO, also known as Engaku-juman Shonin, collected funds to rebuild Mibu-dera Temple. DOGYO sponsored the yuzu-dainenbutsu-e ceremonial gatherings at Mibu-dera Temple, as well as at Hokongo'in and Seiryo-ji Temples. At these meetings, worshipers would chant the name of the Amida Buddha in a loud voice. Mibu-dera Kyogen Pantomime evolved from DOGYO's yuzu-dainenbutsu-e ceremonial gatherings.

By the Muromachi period (1338-1573) the Jizo, known as one of the Roku (six) Jizo was an object of worship and drew many followers. By the Edo Period (1615-1865) Mibu-dera Temple was known as the "Temple of Plays" and can be found in guide books of the period, making it popular all over Japan.

The entire temple was again destroyed by fire in 1788. When rebuilt, the Main Hall faced east as it does today and the Kyogen-do (stage) was built as a separate structure just north of the main hall. The next restoration was in 1825. Fire struck again in 1962 burning down the Main Hall. It was rebuilt in 1967 with contributions from devotees. The present Jizo (Important Cultural Property) came from Toshodaiji Temple.

The Crest of Mibu-dera Temple is the cherry flower.

Masks in the temple treasury:


Sumiyoshi and Sanno, O-Tafuku and other female masks, Benkei, Hosho and some fools.

- - - - - HP of the temple
- source : www.mibudera.com/eng-


Figures and masks from papermachee are sold as souvenirs.




CLICK for more masks !

The dancers pronounce the words only in their mouth
(詞（ことば）のない口中念仏) - no sound with this pantomime dance.

On the left is tsuchigumo 土蜘蛛, the Ground Spider
. Tsuchigumo zooshi 土蜘蛛草紙　tale of the ground spider .


- further reference -

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source :　blogs.yahoo.co.jp/yunitake2000

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mibu kouhai　壬生光背 halo of the Mibu type
A type of halo kouhai 光背 found on Buddhist images.
A square backdrop is placed behind the body of the figure, and above this a round head halo *zukou 頭光. The border of the zukou is decorated with Chinese style plant motifs *karakusamon 唐草 in openwork *sukashibori 透彫. Five groups of three fine metal spokes emerge from the centre of the zukou.
The term mibu kouhai derives from the halo on the Jizou Bosatsuzou 地蔵菩薩像 (10-11c) in Mibudera 壬生寺, Kyoto, which was destroyed by fire in 1962. The best surviving example can be seen on the Miroku Bosatsuzou 弥勒菩薩像 (1208) in Koufukuji Hokuendou 興福寺北円堂, Nara.

- source : JAANUS -


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hooraku wari 炮烙割り smashing pots

This Mibu Kyogen 壬生狂言 piece is performed every year. They are Buddhist morality plays performed at Mibu-dera Temple three times annually, just as they were in Kyoto's early medieval period.

source : www.kyoto.zaq.ne.jp

Characters:
Plate Merchant
Drum Merchant
Mokudai ( Official)

Pilgrims coming to Mibu-dera Temple to view the Spring Equinox plays purchase bisque plates which are presented to the temple as votive offerings. During this kyogen these platters are broken thereby ridding the believers of evil and bringing them good luck.

A new marketplace opens and an official puts up a sigh reading, "The first to open a stall is exempt from taxation." Before dawn a leather drum seller sees the sign and sets up shop. While waiting for his first customer he tires and naps.
A plate merchant sees the sign and while she is setting up, she sees the drum merchant asleep. Thinking to gain the tax break she switches goods with the drum merchant. When the drum merchant awakens and notices the ruse, he starts fighting with the plate salesman. The official returns and declares that the winner of a talent competition will be considered the first to arrive.
The plate seller wins and sets up his shop. The drum seller returns and with dramatic flare destroys the plates, pushing the many stacks of fragile clay disks off the front of the stage, where they fall many feet the ground with a great crash. Now, the official gives the tax break to the drum seller.

This is THE Mibu kyogen which everyone interested in it knows about, because of its spectacular action, the crashing of hundreds of bisque fired plates. And thus a lot evil karma is destroyed, even for the visitors.
source : www.kyoto.zaq.ne.jp



kigo for spring

Mibu Nenbutsu 壬生念仏
Invoction of Amida at Mibu Temple
Amida Prayer (Namu Amida Butsu)

Mibu Kyoogen 壬生狂言（みぶきょうげん）、
Mibusai 壬生祭（みぶさい）temple Mibudera festival
Mibu odori 壬生踊（みぶおどり）Mibu dance
Mibu no kane 壬生の鉦（みぶのかね）Prayer gongs at Mibu
Mibu no men 壬生の面（みぶのめん）masks of Mibudera temple

. SAIJIKI : Festivals and Ceremonies 　


. WKD : Kyogen, kyoogen　狂言 and Haiku . 　

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MINGEI - Fuku kitaru Daruma

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Fuku kitaru 福来る good luck comes

笑う門には福来る warau kado ni wa fuku kitaru

Good fortune comes to a laughing gate

Fortune comes to a street corner of someone smiling.



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- source : okamemono.wix.com -


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Posted By Gabi Greve to Omamori - Japanese Amulets on 8/08/2015 02:23:00 p.m.

DARUMA - hanabi legends

LINK
http://worldkigodatabase.blogspot.jp/2005/06/firework-display-hanabi.html




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In Kyoto there is a special firework, tebotan, te-botan 手牡丹 "peony in the hand", a kind of "incense stick firework".



The sparks seem to fall like raindrops from an umbrella, first in a silver tinge, than changing into a golden tinge.

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The Tengu from 倉尾村 Kurao in Chichibu, Saitama often launch a firework from their rock called 天狗岩 Tenguiwa. But it does not make a sound at all, just beautiful colors like chrysanthemums in the sky.

. Tengu 天狗 "heavenly dogs" .

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. kitsune 狐 fox legends .

From 御殿場 Gotenba in Shizuoka an old farmer could see something like a firework up on the fifth station of Mount Fuji 富士山の五合目, and even hear the noise of its popping. But he knew he was only bewitched by a fox and begun to pee on the roadside to get rid of the bewitchment, as was custom in this area.
Indeed, when he finished his pee, a fox showed up at the side of the road . . . and he was healed.

In 中津川村 Nakatsugawa in Yamagata in the hamlet of 大別 Owakari there are foxes stealing the special food for the New Year. From near and far they play pranks on people for about 30 minutes, showing up like a firework.

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In 福島県 Fukushima before a fire of a home there is often a sort of firework to be seen. It looks like a comet falling from the sky, sparkling and dancing and disappears quickly.


In 瀬戸内村 Setouchi village in Kagoshima there is a special mysterious red fire ball called ヒジャマ hijama. It is about 20 cm in diameter. It appears above the ocean and sparks around like a round firework, but it never has a trail at its end. Before it falls, it becomes like a long pole, slipping into the sea.


In 城山町 Shiroyama in Kanagawa there sometimes appears a fire ball 火の玉 like a firework during a funeral service. It seems to come from afar and gets closer and closer, until it is almost above the stubble of an old mulberry tree. But it never makes a sound. If someone calls out:
化かすんじゃない - Don't fool us! it disappears soon.

. Legends from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .


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DARUMA - Hinomaru yosegaki

LINK
http://haikutopics.blogspot.jp/2010/08/kimigayo-anthem.html
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hinomaru, hi no maru　日の丸 the Japanese Flag

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The national flag of Japan is a white rectangular flag with a large red disc (representing the sun) in the center. This flag is officially called Nisshōki (日章旗, "sun-mark flag") in Japanese, but is more commonly known as Hinomaru (日の丸, "circle of the sun").
. . . The Nisshōki flag is designated as the national flag in the Law Regarding the National Flag and National Anthem, which was promulgated and became effective on August 13, 1999.
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The sun plays an important role in Japanese mythology and religion as the Emperor is said to be the direct descendent of the sun goddess Amaterasu and the legitimacy of the ruling house rested on this divine appointment and descent from the chief deity of the predominant Shinto religion.
. . . The ancient history Shoku Nihongi says that Emperor Monmu used a flag representing the sun in his court in 701, and this is the first recorded use of a sun-motif flag in Japan. The oldest existing flag is preserved in Unpō-ji temple, Kōshū, Yamanashi, which is older than the 16th century, and an ancient legend says that the flag was given to the temple by Emperor Go-Reizei in the 11th century.



The exact origin of the Hinomaru is unknown, but the rising sun seems to have had some symbolic meaning since the early 7th century (the Japanese archipelago is east of the Asian mainland, and is thus where the sun "rises"). In 607, an official correspondence that began with "from the Emperor of the rising sun" was sent to Chinese Emperor Yang of Sui.
Japan is often referred to as "the land of the rising sun".
In the 12th-century work, The Tale of the Heike, it was written that different samurai carried drawings of the sun on their fans. One legend related to the national flag is attributed to the Buddhist priest Nichiren.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !


hinomaru yosegaki 日の丸寄せ書き

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The Good Luck Flag, known as hinomaru yosegaki (日の丸寄せ書き) in the Japanese language, was a traditional gift for Japanese servicemen deployed during the military campaigns of the Empire of Japan, though most notably during World War II. The flag given to a soldier was a national flag signed by friends and family, often with short messages wishing the soldier victory, safety, and good luck.

The Japanese call their country's flag hinomaru, which translates literally to "sun-round", referencing the red circle on a white field. When the hinomaru was signed, the Japanese characters were usually written vertically, and radiated outward from the edge of the red circle. This practice is referenced in the second term, yosegaki, meaning "sideways-writing". The phrase hinomaru-yosegaki can be interpreted as "To write sideways around the red sun", describing the appearance of the signed flag.
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Effort to Return Flags To Japanese Families
OBON 2015 is a 501(c)3 non-profit affiliate organization with the mission to return "good luck flags" to their families in Japan. The American Embassy in Tokyo wrote a letter to OBON 2015 declaring; "OBON 2015 continues President Kennedy's spirit of reconciliation and friendship." As of June 2015 they have returned 33 flags and have more than 75 other flags they are currently working on returning. Published news stories and interviews indicate that the effort to return the flags is seen as a humanitarian act which can provide closure for the family members.

History
U.S. Veteran Accounts
Preservation and Restoration
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !





The mission of OBON 2015 is to help veterans and their families, and other citizens, return Yosegaki Hinomaru (Good Luck Flag) to their families in Japan.
- source : obon2015.com/english -




. hinomaru bento 日の丸弁当
"bento like the Japanese flag" .


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初東風や日の丸の皺吹きのばし
Masaoka Shiki 正岡子規

水霜に揚ぐ日の丸の皺つよし
大木あまり

植木屋の日の丸立ててみどりの日
添野光子

富士行者杖の日の丸古りにけり
金田清光


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***** . Banzai" (萬歳)Ten thousand years
a Japanese battle cry 　



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HEIAN - janjanbi legends Nara

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. Legends - Nara Period - Introduction .
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janjanbi じゃんじゃん火 / ジャンジャン火 Janjan fire legends from Nara
a kind of onibi 鬼火 "demon fire"
or
. kitsunebi 狐火 (きつねび) "fox fire" .

- will-o'-the-wisp :
"a mysterious light associated with spirits, found in various folklore tales"

kaika 怪火　atmospheric ghost lights
They are often seen in humid climates.

Gongorōbi (権五郎火, lit. "Gongorō fire")
Jōsenbi (地黄煎火, lit. "Jōsen fire")
Kane no Kami no Hi (金の神の火, lit. "fire of the metal god")
Kinka (金火, lit. "gold fire")
Kumobi (蜘蛛火, lit. "spider fire")
Nobi (野火, lit. "field fire")
Osabi (筬火, lit. "guide for yarn on loom fire") / Obora
Sōrikanko
Susuke Chōchin (煤け提灯, lit. "stained paper lantern")
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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Janjanbi (じゃんじゃん火 or ジャンジャン火) is a kaika told about the legends of various places in the Nara Prefecture. They are considered a type of onibi.
In the Miyazaki Prefecture they are also called musabi (むさ火) and
in the Kōchi Prefecture, they are also called kechibi.

Their name comes from the "janjan" sound that they make. There are many legends where they are people who have committed double suicides or military commanders among other deceased ones who have had their souls turned into balls of fire.

Also in Nara,
there are different legends depending on the area, and different alternate names depending on the area.

Byakugō-ji town, Nara city 白毫寺町
It indicates two balls of fire that appear in the graveyard of 白毫寺 Byakugō-ji and 大安寺 Daian-ji. In the 夫婦川 / 女夫川 Fūfu River (Miyotogawa ミヨート川), the two balls of fire would meet together, intertwine themselves, and then finally return to their graves.
When a person sees this fire, it would come closer to that person, and even when those who are chased by the janjanbi flee into the middle of a pond, the fire would still follow them above the pond.
They are said in the legends to be a man and a woman who committed double suicide, and since they were buried in separate temples after death, they became balls of fire that meet together.
Similar legends are told at 打合い橋 Uchiaibashi bridge.

Yamatokōriyama - Yamato Koriyama 大和郡山市
It indicates two hitodama 人玉 (human fireballs) that would visit every year in June 7th on the bridge above the 佐保川 Saho River.
Just like the ones from Byakugō-ji town, they are also the spirits of a man and a woman.
It was said that there was previously a custom when it was June 7th for 20 men and women to be selected from each of the surrounding villages and dance above the bridge where they appear frequently, in order to console the spirit of the hitodama.

Fujichō, Tenri 天理市藤井町
It indicates a ball of fire that would appear from the remains of a castle and fly westwards. For those who encounter this, it would be necessary for them to hide under a bridge and wait for it to pass. It is also called Zannenbi (残念火, lit. "disappointment fire").

Yanagimotochō and Tainoshōchō, Tenri, and Kashihara 天理市柳本町、田井庄町、橿原市
On a summer night when rain is near, by turning towards the 十市城 Tōichi castle and saying, "hoi hoi, hoihoi" two times, it would come flying, make the sound "jan jan" and then disappear. It is also called the hoihoibi (ホイホイ火).
It is considered to be the vengeful spirit 怨霊 onryō of the military commander 十市遠忠 Tōichi Tōtada who was slain by 松永弾正 Matsunaga Danjō in the Azuchi–Momoyama period, and those who see it would, by the onryō's curse, become sick with fever for three days and nights. When Tōtada was slain, the killed soldiers all said "zannen, zannen (disappointment, disappointment)" as a crowd of voices, which is why it was heard as "jan jan."


The Kubikiri Jizō in Tainoshōchō, Tenri

Also, in 田井庄町 Tainoshōchō, Tenri, there is a Jizō with its head separated called the "kubikiri Jizō (decapitated Jizō)," but it is said that a soldier who was being attacked by the janjanbi in the past swung his sword around and mistakenly cut off the head of a Jizō by the roadside.
It was said that in the end, that soldier died completely burning.
- source : wikipedia -

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source :　kazxxxjp/archives


janjanbi ジャンジャン火

Once a villager saw two fires come down from Mikasayama 三笠山 on the evening of the event "burning the mountain 山焼き. It was a yellow fire which slowly turned blue-green.
Other seasons to see them there are from Winter toward Spring.
Sometimes they appear suddenly very bright and are gone in no time again.


In the North of Nara, at the village of Hoorenji 法連寺町 Horen-Ji there are legends at the temple トモ寺 Tomo-ji and 岩淵寺 Iwabuchi-Ji about double-suicide.
It is said that the lovers had committed double-suicide and the woman was buried at Tomo-Ji, while the man was buried at Iwabuchi-Ji.


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hinotama, hi no tama 火の玉 a ball of fire

one ball of fire is called タマヒ tamahi. Two or more are called janjanbi.

The Janjan Fire at temple 大安寺 Daian-Ji is related to the revenge killing of an enemy (adauchi 仇討ち).
The older brother was tending to the fields when a bit of earth hit the passing 生田伝八郎 Ikuta Denpachi, who willed the farmer in his rage. Both brothers became "demon fires" after that.
(This story is better known as 崇禅寺馬場の仇討 Sozen-Ji baba no adauchi), happening in 1715, and now also a famous Kabuki play.

At the 高橋堤 riverbank of Takahashi
three lived tow brothers. One was killed by a samurai from Koriyama 郡山藩. His brother, who wanted to revenge him, was also killed when he tried to. Now both appear as Hinotama.


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法華寺町 Hokkeiji town

At the beginning of the road 一条通り Ichijo Dori near the riverbank of Takahashi, there is a long ball of fire, emerging from an old tree. It usually appears on a rainy night and flies with a blue-green light. In the middle of the fire there is the face of an old man.
This is the vengeful spirit of a high official from the Nara period, who had been killed there.


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下田 Shimoda

Once upon a time there was a water shortage and the farmers fought with their hoes (kuwa 鍬) until in the Summer heat the sparks of the metal begun to fly around.


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大和郡山市 Yamato Koriyama

A young samurai named 亀井式部 Kamei Shikibu fell in love with the poor farmer girl 深雪 Miyuki and they often met at the bridge 打合橋 Uchiaibashi.
The authorities found out about it and he was beheaded right on the bridge.
This was the 7th day of the 6th month. The head begun to fly away, drawing a red line of blood in the sky. Later Miyuki killed herself below the bridge, holding his head in her lap. Since that day the Janjanbi is seen on this night in the 6th lunar month, coming from the Northwest, and dancing above the bridge.
To appease their souls, the villagers now dance on the bridge on that night.


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妖怪じゃんじゃん火あめ sweets called Janjanbi



From Tenri Janjan Market 天理じゃんじゃん市
- source : ameblo.jp/fudeasobi -


The legend about 十市遠忠 in Japanese, zyanzyanbi :
- source : kanko-tenri.jp -

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- Reference in Japanese -

- Reference in English -

yokai database 妖怪データベース - ジャンジャン火 - 19 entries
- source : www.nichibun.ac.jp -

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. minwa 民話　folktales / densetsu 伝説　Japanese Legends .
- Introduction -

- Yookai 妖怪 Yokai Monsters of Japan -
- Introduction -

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Posted By Gabi Greve to Heian Period Japan on 7/29/2015 01:20:00 p.m.

EDO - sankin kotai

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. Edo period - History .
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sankin kootai 参勤交代 Sankin Kotai Daimyo attendance in Edo
daimyoo gyooretsu, daimyō gyōretsu 大名行列　Daimyo procession

. samurai　侍, buke 武家, bushi 武士 　 .
Lord of a Domain, Daimyo, daimyoo　大名

. hatamoto 旗本 samurai class .





. shukuba 宿場　post station, postal station .
along the Sankin Kotai roads
Honjin (本陣):
Rest areas and lodgings built for use by samurai and court nobles. Honjin were not businesses; instead, large residences in the post towns were often designated as lodging for government officials.

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- quote
Sankin-kōtai 参勤交代 "alternate attendance",
a daimyo's alternate-year residence in Edo - was a policy of the Tokugawa shogunate during most of the Edo period of Japanese history. The purpose was to strengthen central control over the daimyo, or major feudal lords.

History
Toyotomi Hideyoshi had earlier established a similar practice of requiring his feudal lords to keep their wives and heirs at Osaka Castle or the nearby vicinity as hostages for loyal behavior. Following the Battle of Sekigahara and the establishment of the Tokugawa Shogunate, this practice was continued at the new capital of Edo as a matter of custom. It was made compulsory for the tozama daimyo in 1635, and for the fudai daimyo from 1642. Aside from an eight year period under the rule of Tokugawa Yoshimune, the law remained in force until 1862.


Sightseers and merchants gazing at an entourage (sixth panel) from
"Folding Screen Depicting Scenes of the Attendance of Daimyo at Edo Castle",
National Museum of Japanese History

Description
The details changed throughout the 26 decades of Tokugawa rule, but generally, the requirement was that the daimyo of every han move periodically between Edo and his fief, typically spending alternate years in each place. His wife and heir were required to remain in Edo as hostages while he was away. The expenditures necessary to maintain lavish residences in both places, and for the procession to and from Edo, placed financial strains on the daimyo, making them unable to wage war. The frequent travel of the daimyo encouraged road building and the construction of inns and facilities along the routes, generating economic activity.

There were a number of exceptions for certain fudai daimyo in the vicinity of Edo, who were allowed to alternate their attendance in Edo every six months instead. Temporary exceptional dispensations were also occasionally granted due to illness or extreme extenuating circumstances.

In principle, the sankin-kōtai was a military service to the shogun. Each daimyo was required to furnish a number of soldiers (samurai) in accordance with the kokudaka assessment of his domain. These soldiers accompanied the daimyo on the processions to and from Edo.

With hundreds of daimyo entering or leaving Edo each year, processions (大名行列 daimyō-gyōretsu) were almost daily occurrences in the shogunal capital. The main routes to the provinces were the kaidō. Special lodgings, the honjin (本陣), were available to daimyo during their travels.

The sankin-kōtai figures prominently in some Edo period ukiyo-e (woodblock prints), as well as in popular theater such as kabuki and bunraku.
- source : wikipedia


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NHK samurai drama August 2015

Ichiroo 一路 Ichiro "One Road"

The adventures of Sankin Kotai, as experienced by 小野寺一路 Onodera Ichiro.

Ichiro's father dies suddenly in a fire at his home. 19-year-old Ichiro, who had studied in Edo, has to come home. His father was supposed to prepare Sankin kotai and lead the lines of his Daimyo to visit Edo.

After his father's death, Ichiro leads the procession of Sankin kotai and heads to Edo, relying on his father's notes about the proceedings. During the journey, he faces various problems and schemes which target his family.




based on a book by 浅田次郎 Asada Jiro




- reference -

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- - - - - Legends about Sankin Kotai and Daimyo Gyoretsu - - - - -
There are quite a few tales with the fox or badger. Sometimes they compare their ability in shapeshifting.


............................................................................ Aomori 青森県

The foxes from 三戸 Sannohe
The fox from Akasaka 赤坂の狐 and the fox from Nagane 長根の狐 held a contest in shapeshifting.
The fox from Nagane transformed into a Daimyo procession, which looked quite real with the regional lord and all, when bowing to it from under a tree. The fox of Nagane got caught by the official vassals of the Daimyo and was put to death.



............................................................................ Fukushima 福島県
湖南町 Konan

O-Suga sama お菅さま "Lady Suga"
O-Suga Sama was the wife of the Shogun in Edo. He had been up in Ezo エゾ (Northern Japan and Hokkaido) and since she missed his love so much, she came after him. But she fell sick on the road and eventually committed suicide by drowning in a nearby pond.
She was the youngest of three sisters. When she was a child she liked to roam the forests and look for silkworms. She fed them with leaves and cared for them.

The place is called "O-Suga Sama" and people come here to pray for the well-being of their silk-worms. She observed the silk worms munching leaves with joy and told them:
neesan kuu wa ねえさん食うわ. Since then the leaves were called "kuwa クワ".

When her husband passed the area on his way back, he dreamed that she has become the mist on mount 高井原山 Takaraibarayama to moisten the kuwa leaves.
Her name was actually "O-Sugi お杉", Lady Pine, but that turned to "O-Suga" in the local dialect.

During the procession fo Sankin Kotai there was a great serpent up on a willow tree along the road. It displeased the vassals of the Daimyo and was thus driven away and had to move to Fukushima. When a branch of this willow tree breaks off, there was blood flowing from the wound. So in the end the whole tree was cut off.
This place is called "O-Suga Sama".

. silk　絹 kinu legends .
kuwa 桑 mulberry tree / kuwago 桑子 "kuwa child", "mulberry child", - silkworm


............................................................................ Hiroshima 広島県

Wakamiya no Iwa 若宮の岩 - 大和町 Daiwa

原田備前守が参勤交代で萩原を通ったとき、若宮の岩から白い蛇が現れた。ここを城にしろとのお告げだと思い、城を建てて永住したという。昭和に入ってその岩がトンネル掘削の邪魔になったので、ダイナマイトで壊そうとしたら暴発して作業員が怪我をした。神の住む岩である。


Osangitsune オサンギツネ
オサンギツネという狐がいた。尻尾に火を灯し、よくライオンに化けて人をからかった。あまりに悪戯をするので、職人が捕まえて火炙りにしようとした。オサンギツネは許しを乞い、かわりに翌晩大名行列をしてみせると約束した。翌晩、大名行列を見た職人は狐を誉めた。けれども実は本物の大名行列で、職人は打ち首になって死んだ。


狐，狸 Fox and Badger
昔、於三という悪い狐と、四国の讃岐にいる於三に劣らぬ悪き狸が、どちらが化けるのが上手か比べあった。於三の番がきたとき、於三は今度大名行列に化けるので来てくれといった。約束の日に行くと果たして大名行列が来た。狸が本性を現して近づくと、侍に斬られてしまった。



............................................................................ Hyogo 兵庫県

Shibaemon 芝右衛門 - tanuki and kitsune 狸 - 狐

淡路に芝右衛門という狸がいて、阿波の狸合戦に来て働いたが、その後京都へ上って伏見の狐に遇った。京の狐は口ばかりで腕の程も知れぬから、1つ腕前を見せてくれといわれたので、芝右衛門は翌日大名行列を見せた。盛大な大名行列で、狐は驚きこれは殺してしまわないといけないと思い、次の日におれも大名行列を見せるから稲荷の鳥居に来てくれといった。芝右衛門が約束どおり行くと文句の付けようのない大名行列だったので手を打ち「ヤレヤレ」といってほめたが、それは本物の大名行列で芝右衛門は撃ち殺された。


............................................................................ Kochi 高知県

奈半利町
時期はずれの大名行列を不審に思った村人が、尾が見えていると叫ぶと古狸が正体をあらわした。村人は今度は自分が行列に化けてやると告げ、本物の大名行列の日を狸に伝えた。狸は信じてやってきて、行列に尾が見えていると叫び、無礼打ちにされた。



............................................................................ Nara 奈良県

shirogitsune 白狐 the curse of the white fox
The Lord of Yamato Koriyama 大和郡山 had caught a white fox 白狐 and killed it. The white fox appeared in his dream and asked to have a shrine built so he could go to paradise. But the Lord did not do as he was asked by the spirit. Therefore the white fox cursed him. During his next procession to Edo he behaved quite crazy, like bewitched by the fox. So his family name was taken away and the family line stopped.


. shirogitsune 白狐 Legends about the White Fox .



............................................................................ Niigata 新潟県

Dankuro the Fox and Sankichi the Tanuki 団九郎，三吉 from Sado 佐渡
団九郎狐は、佐渡に住むたちの悪い古狸の三吉を憎んでいた。あるとき信濃川のほとりで団九郎は三吉と出会う。団九郎は三吉をおだてて酒屋の小僧や大入道に化けるなどさせる。団九郎はお礼に自分の芸も見せるといい、次の日に街道に来るようにいう。三吉が約束の場所で待っていると大名行列がやってくる。三吉は感心して行列の前に飛び出るが、それは本物の大名行列で、捕らえられて食べられてしまう。
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佐渡島には狢が群れをなして住んでおり、その首領の名前を団三郎と言った。鎌倉時代の末期、狐が渡って来て、団三郎と妖術の勝負をした。狐は嫁入りの行列をして見せた。そこで団三郎は大名行列をして見せると狐に行った。狐は大名行列のあまりの見事さに驚いて近寄ったら、その行列は本物で、狐は殺されてしまった。それ以来、佐渡島に狐は来なくなった。


mujina 狢 the Mujina badger from Sado 佐渡
The Mujina badger from Sado and the Fox from 越後 Echigo held a contest in shapeshifting.
The fox shapeshifted into a fire, but was soon found out.
The mujina shapeshifted into a Daimyo Gyoretsu and no one found this strange. So the mujina won.


............................................................................ Yamagata 山形県

遊佐町
onshoo no tama 宝珠の玉
小坊が狐の宝珠の玉を盗んでやろうと、子狐をだました。狐たちが玉を取り返そうと画策するが、のけものにされた狐が計画を小坊に漏らした。大名行列に化けてやってきた狐たちは、本堂に閉じ込められ、小坊の話した犬に噛み付かれて死んだものもいた。


............................................................................ Yamaguchi 山口県

tanuki to kitsune 狸，狐 the badger and the fox

化け上手な阿波狸が、中国地方へ股旅をし、周防の国で狐に化けくらべを申し込んだ。まず阿波狸が、翌々日の午前１０時頃に、毛利侯の行列に化けてみせることになった。狸は、その日時に本物の参勤交代の行列が通ることを知っていた。当日、狐は狸が化けたものと信じ込み、狸との約束通り拍手喝采したので、侍に捕らえられて斬り殺されてしまったという。



- source : ukiyoeota/status -

Foxes shapeshift as humans and perform a daimyo gyoretsu.
狐たちが人間を化かして大名行列



- reference : yokai database - nichibun.ac.jp -

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参勤交代 : 土橋章宏

- reference - books about 参勤交代 -

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This is probably the definitive work on sankin-kotai in English.

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What is Sankin-kōtai?
[Sankin-kōtai is] the Alternate Attendance Policy. Established by the Tokugawa Shōgunate, this system required all daimyo to live in Edo for a certain period of time, often every other year.

The daimyō were required to attend (provide service to) the shōgun in Edo and so they set up residences within the city. I like to think of them as embassies from the provinces. The daimyō would bring samurai "staff" from their domains to serve in Edo as well, so these were essentially provincial courts accompanied by a military staff. The daimyō residences included a small palace for the lord and domainal administration as well as barracks for the lower ranking samurai who accompanied the lord.

Each lord generally maintained 3 residences in Edo, though some had more. The land was granted to them by the shōgunate and could be confiscated or redistributed at the discretion of the shōgun or his council of advisors.



. . . . . The trip to Edo and the trip back to the domain were also costly.
The daimyō had to walk, with family and court and staff and in tow, in long processions called 大名行列 daimyō gyōretsu daimyō processions. These elaborate parades took days. But with so many domains coming and going all the time, they were a constant site on the major routes in and out of Edo. There are many great Edo Era prints of these and accounts from foreigners and Japanese alike agreed they were something to see!

- - - - - further info and links :
- source : Marky Star -


- reference - books about sankin kotai -

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- - - - - H A I K U and S E N R Y U - - - - -


大名行列白狐にたぶらかされゐる圖

高澤良一 Takazawa Ryoichi

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提灯持ちは狐大名行列圖

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A Daimyo Gyoretsu is just coming over 日本橋 Nihonbashi in Edo,
the first station of the Tokaido road to Kyoto.


CLICK for more photos !

. Utagawa Hiroshige 歌川広重 (1797 - 1861) .

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. - Doing Business in Edo - 商売　- Introduction .

. senryu, senryū 川柳　Senryu poems in Edo .


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Posted By Gabi Greve to Edo - the EDOPEDIA - on 8/02/2015 09:52:00 a.m.

KAPPA - Tenaga Ashinaga monsters

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- KAPPA - 河童 / かっぱ /　カッパ - ABC-Index -
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- Tenaga Ashinaga 手長足長 "long arms, long legs" -

Otenagasama, O-Tenaga sama お手長様
Ashinaga kozoo 足長小僧 the Boy Ashinaga



Tenaga-Ashinaga shaving Fukurokuju
. Kawanabe Kyosai .
. Tenaga Myojin 手長明神 The kami with long arms .

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- quote
Ashinaga-tenaga (足長手長, "Long Legs Long Arms")
are a pair of yōkai in Japanese folklore. One, Ashinaga-jin (足長人), has extremely long legs, while the other, Tenaga-jin (手長人), has extremely long arms. They were first described in the Japanese encyclopedia Wakan Sansai Zue.
They are said to be found in Kyūshū.



Description
The pair is commonly described as people from two countries, the "Long-legged Country", and the "Long-armed Country". As the names suggest, the inhabitants of these two countries possess unusually lengthy arms and legs. The two work together as a team to catch fish by the seashore. In order to do this, the long-armed man, tenaga, climbs onto the back of the long-legged man, ashinaga. The ashinaga then wades out into the shorewaters, staying above water with his long legs, while the tenaga uses his long arms to grab fish from his partner's back.

According to the Wakan Sansai Zue, the tenaga is also known as chōhi (長臂), and his arms can reach three jō in length, or a bit over nine meters. The ashinaga's legs stretch to two jō, or just slightly over six meters.

An essay from the Kasshiyawa by Matsura Seizan also describes the ashinaga.
The essay documents a man's anecdotal account of an unfortunate encounter with a strange being. The man was fishing by the seashore on a clear, moonlit night, when he spots a figure with nine shaku long legs (about 2.7 meters) roaming around on the beach. Shortly after, the weather turns bad and begins to rain heavily. The man's servant then informs him that they had just seen an ashinaga, and that sightings of this yōkai always brought bad changes in weather.
- source : wikipedia

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Fukushima 福島県

Once upon a time, there lived Tenaga and Ashinaga on Mount Bandaisan 磐梯山. They reached to the sky, collected all the clouds and heavy rain fell and flooded the plains. They looked at all the destruction they caused with great pleasure!
Along came Kobo Daishi, fooled them cleverly and banned them into a small box.
Now they are venerated as 磐梯明神 Bandai Myojin.

And at Miyagi 宮城県 - 丸森町 Marumori Karoosan 鹿狼山 Mount Karo-San "Dear Wolf"

On the border to Fukushima in Soma 相馬郡 there is mount 手長山 Tenagayama, where the deity 手長明神 Tenaga Myojin (The kami with long arms) roams. He takes a tame white fox along when he walks. He can stretch his long arms from the mountain top to the sea to catch mussels and clams and where he throws away the shells, there is his Kaizuka yashiki 貝塚屋敷, now in Soma at the village Kogawa 小川部落.
Near the mountain top is a rock formation where the deity used to sit and rest, called
Tegaga Myojin no koshikare ishi 手長明神の腰掛石.

Tenagayama is about 236 m high, near Ishinomaki.



- source : Fukushima Furusato -
磐梯明神 Bandai Myojin shrine at the top of the mountain


. Kobo Daishi Kukai 弘法大師　空海 - (774 - 835) .

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Mie 三重県

If you hand a ruler 物差し to someone from hand to hand, the child of Tenaga will be born.


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Miyagi 宮城県 Sendai　仙台　



Oogisaka 扇坂 Ogisaka slope
Near the eastern gate of Sendai castle there is a slope in the form of a handfan (ogi). At the end of the slope is Sujigaibashi 筋違橋. The mysterious boy 足長小僧 Ashinaga Kozo lives there.
Sometimes he rolls the head of a human being down this slope.


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Saitama 埼玉県
高崎線岡部駅 Takasaki Okabe

At 森下イッケ O-Tenaga sama お手長様 is venerated. He is the deity
天手長雄命 / 天手長男神 Ame no Tenaga no Mikoto
He is a deity to protect from fire 火伏せの神. When called on during a fire, he will come and help with his long arms and extinguish the fire.


Otenaga kofun お手長山古墳 Otenaga - ancient burial mound
from the 6th century
埼玉県深谷市岡2006-1
- source : wikipedia -

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- reference : yokai database -

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. Kappa densetsu　河童伝説, Kappa minwa 河童民話 - Legends - Introduction .

. - yookai, yōkai 妖怪 Yokai monsters - .


. Minwa 民話　folktales / densetsu 伝説　Japanese Legends .

. Mingei 民芸　Regional Folk　Art from Japan .

- #tenagaashinaga #ashinagatenaga -
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Posted By Gabi Greve to Kappa - The Kappapedia on 7/31/2015 10:52:00 a.m.

MINGEI - Mikawa

LINK
http://omamorifromjapan.blogspot.jp/2011/07/aichi-folk-toys.html


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kirara suzu きらら鈴 Kirara bells
Nishio 西尾 (Mikawa)



made by 松田さん Matsuda san and others.

. Mikawa ningyoo三河人形 dolls from Mikawa
clay and papermachee

In the mountains of Mikawa a lot of unmo (kirara) 雲母 mica was found since the times of Kira Kozukenosuke and earlier.
Yatsuomoteyama 八ツ面山 was especially famous for it, and mica from this mountain was even delivered to the Imperial Court in Kyoto.
But during the work in the mountains there were also many human deaths by accidents, and thus it was stopped eventually.
To appease the souls of the dead workers, 加藤熊蔵 Kato Kumazo was the first to make this shimmering kirara bells. They were hung on the trees of the path where the funeral procession was walking.

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tenteko suzu てんてこ鈴 Tenteko clay bell (in form of a male symbol)
for the Tenteko festival てんてこ祭り.

- quote -
An annual Tenteko festival held on January 3rd to pray for an abundant crop yield. The festival is said to have started in the Heian Period. Yaku-otoko (men of an unlucky age) wear a red costume and hang a daikon radish from their waist as a symbol of masculinity. They then march through the town and shaking their hips, accompanied by the sound of drums.

Nishio Gion Festival
Mikawa Isshiki Lantern Festival
Isshiki Festival Museum
Toba Fire Festival
- source : www.240kanko.com -


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tenteko sasa てんてこ笹 Tenteko bamboo grass



In 魚島村 Uoshima village the テンテコ踊り Tenteko dance is held at O-Bon, the Ancestor festival. People take home on branch of the bamboo grass and hang it at the entrance of their home to ward off evil in the coming year. Nexty year they float this tenteko sasa branch in the sea and get a new one.


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Mikawa no gingitsune 三河の銀狐 the silver fox from Mikawa




Its arms are quite thin and easy to break off, so they are difficult to fire.
They show a mother and fox baby and are often a present for a pregnant woman.

- source : kyoudogangu.xii.jp -


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