29 Jun 2017

MINGEI - Yakusugi art Kagoshima


[ . BACK to DARUMA MUSEUM TOP . ]
. Kagoshima Folk Art - 鹿児島県  - Introduction .
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

yakusugi 屋久杉 cedar from Yakushima island


縄文杉 Jomon Sugi

quote
Yakusugi 屋久杉
is a Japanese cedar that grows on the mountain 500 metres above sea level. The term "Yakusugi" refers to trees that are more than 1,000 years old. Those less than 1,000 years are called "kosugi." (lit. small Japanese cedar)'. The Japanese cedars in Yakushima may also be referred to as "jisugi" (literally: "locally grown cedars")', but this also encompasses the kosugi, and is a regional dialect.
In general,
the Japanese cedar lives for about 500 years, but Yakusugi lives much longer. Yakusugi that grows on less nutritious granite grows slowly and is grained very tightly. It contains much resin due to Yakushima's high rainfall and high humidity, making it harder to rot. As a result, these trees tend to have longer lives, and many larger trees have been around for more than 2,000 years. Famous examples include the Jōmon-sugi, Kigen-sugi and Wilson stumps, named for their discoverer.
© More in the WIKIPEDIA !


:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::


Daruma made from Yakusugi, Cedar from Yakushima





- Check this page for more items made by Yakusugi-Do : 屋久杉堂
source : yakusugido.com


..............................................................................................................................................







..............................................................................................................................................

Yakusugi ningyoo 屋久杉人形 dolls from Yakushima cedar

Usually a pair, with a ring around each head.






..............................................................................................................................................

Yakusugi mingei kogei 屋久杉民芸 工芸品 Yakusugi handicrafts



- quote -
Yakusugi cedar is a world-heritage-designated tree that grows on Yakushima Island. The title Yakusugi only applies to trees that are more than 1,000 years old—those under 1,000 years old are called kosugi, or small cedars.

Yakushima Island has a very harsh environment, where the local saying goes that "it rains 35 days a month." Many typhoons pass through the area as well. The island's soil is also granite-based, with extremely low nutritional content. Yakusugi cedars that have survived under these conditions accumulate rich quantities of resin, and develop a fine-grained quality.

This precious wood is used to make Kagoshima Prefecture's Yakusugi cedar handicrafts. However, lumbering of Yakusugi cedar has been banned since 2001, meaning all modern handicrafts are produced using deadfall and leftover stock from previous periods of history.

Yakusugi cedars were offered in the form of taxes from the Edo Period (1603-1868), and though they were lumbered in large quantities at the time, only the highest quality trees were actually transported to the mainland. The numerous leftover trees were called domai-boku, or trees buried in the soil, and they have been preserved in their natural forms for 200 years thanks to their high resin content. Further, as Yakusugi cedars grow on thin soil above granite, many are felled by typhoons and strong winds, meaning fallen branches and stumps from Yakusugi cedars can be found in great quantities.

Yakusugi cedar handicrafts represent a means of making use of these already-available resources. The resin-rich quality of the wood not only prevents decay, but as it gives off a beautiful gloss the more it's used, it is a choice material for general woodwork as well.

With the wood's age and its growing scarcity due to the lumbering ban, it's becoming a growing luxury—a natural material with multifarious shapes and grains that are uniquely attained from the severe environment of Yakushima Island.

Yakusugi handicrafts include everything from furniture to chopsticks, artwork and accessories. They all emit a beautiful gloss and have a classical Japanese quality, sure to only become rarer as time goes on.
- Kagoshima Products Association
- source : japan-brand.jnto.go.jp/crafts -



- baby. com. do -


:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

. . . CLICK here for Photos !
. Reference : yakusugi handicraft .

. gangu 玩具 伝説, omochcha おもちゃ toy, toys and legends .
- Introduction -

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

. Legends and Tales from Japan 伝説 - Introduction .

................................................................................. Yakushima Island 屋久島

.......................................................................
hitodama 人玉 spirit of a dead person, "soul flame"

屋久島では、人玉は丸い火に尾がついたもので、すーっと飛んでははちょっと退き、また飛んでは退くというふうに進む。

. Ikiryō, or shōryō, seirei, ikisudama (生霊, lit. "living ghost") .

.......................................................................
oniko 鬼鼓 demon drum

In the 10th lunar month the Gods are off to Izumo, so thy are not on the island. Therefore the Akuma 悪魔 devil, demon dominates the place.
The Akuma likes to hit the 太鼓 huge drum and a strange sound like doon dooon can be heard.


- Design. Koorintei Hyousen 2008 -

There is also a drum festival on Yakushima 屋久島天鼓祭, Tenkosai.

.......................................................................
ryuuoo 竜王 Ryu-O Dragon King

種子島、屋久島、三島などでは消極的な信仰が見られる。トカラ列島では「竜」のつく神詞はないが、乙姫神社が存在し、巫女のネーシ(内侍)の祝詞の中にリュウグウノカミが出てくる。

.......................................................................

- reference : nichibun yokai database 妖怪データベース -

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

- - - - - Haiku and Senryu - - - - -


縄文杉語り出したる列島譚
妹尾健 Seno Ken


生御魂縄文杉を称へけり
石河義介


空見えぬ縄文杉を落つる瀧
梶山千鶴子


:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::




Yakushima 屋久島 Yakushima island
is one of the Ōsumi Islands belonging to Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan. The island, 504.88 km2 (194.94 sq mi) in area, has a population of 13,178. Access to the island is by hydrofoil ferry (7 or 8 times a day from Kagoshima, depending on the season), slow car ferry (once or twice a day from Kagoshima), or by air to Yakushima Airport (3 to 5 times daily from Kagoshima, once daily from Fukuoka and once daily from Osaka). Administratively, the whole island is the town of Yakushima. The town also serves neighbouring Kuchinoerabujima. The majority of the island is within the borders of the Kirishima-Yaku National Park.
© More in the WIKIPEDIA !

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::


. Join the MINGEI group on facebook ! .  



. Regional Folk Toys from Japan .

. Japan - Shrines and Temples .


. Tohoku after the BIG earthquake March 11, 2011

[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]
[ . BACK to DARUMA MUSEUM TOP . ]
- - - #yakusugi #kagoshimayakusugi - - - - -
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

--
Posted By Gabi Greve to Omamori - Japanese Amulets on 6/10/2017 01:29:00 pm

TENGU - Tengu from Chichibu


[ . BACK to DARUMA MUSEUM TOP . ]
. Tengupedia - 天狗ペディア - Tengu ABC-Index .
- for Oni from Chichibu, see below.
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

Chichibu no Tengu 秩父の天狗さま The Tengu from Chichibu


- Chichibu-Tama-Kai National Park -

The mountainous Chichibu region of Saitama is close to Tokyo, yet full of local lore and color.

. Chichibu Yomatsuri 秩父夜祭 Night Festival .

. Mitsumine Jinja 三峰神社 Shrine and Wolf Legends .

.......................................................................



- quote
Chichibu - By Sumiko Enbutsu
Tengu Matsuri in November
O-Tengu-Sama (Folk Kabuki) at Kidama Jinja, Tsuyagi
Tengu-ya (noodle shop)
..... Legends abound in rural areas of mysterious happenings attributed to Tengu: chopping sounds at midnight, as if trees were being felled .....
- source : books.google.co.jp/books


:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

In Chichibu, the Tengu is seen as a
mountain deity, Tengu-Shin 天狗神 Tengu-Kami, Tengu God.

- quote -
A later version of the Kujiki (? Kojiki), an ancient Japanese historical text, writes the name of Amanozako,
a monstrous female deity born from the god Susanoo's spat-out ferocity, with characters meaning
tengu deity (天狗神).
The book describes Amanozako as a raging creature capable of flight, with the body of a human, the head of a beast, a long nose, long ears, and long teeth that can chew through swords. An 18th-century book called the Tengu Meigikō (天狗名義考) suggests that this goddess may be the true predecessor of the tengu, but the date and authenticity of the Kojiki, and of that edition in particular, remain disputed.
- source : wikipedia -


Amanozako 天逆毎(あまのざこ)Goddess of Tengu
- quote -
... she is a female, she is a god, she has a son. Her nicknames reveal how rare those things are: metengu (woman tengu) and tengu kami (tengu god) refer specifically to her; i.e. there aren't really other female tengu or tengu gods besides her.



I also think she is interesting because while most tengu are considered to be malicious demons lurking in the forests, she is actually revered as a goddess. While it isn't terribly uncommon to see shrines dedicated to tengu or small tengu cults (think of Sojobo from a few days ago), Amanozako's story is special in that she interacts with the other gods in heaven. Her myths are not self-contained stories, but play off of the larger pantheon. She was supposedly born out of a chunk of spit and gall that the temperamental storm god, Susanoo, vomited up. Most tengu don't have that as a claim to fame!
- source : yokai.com/amanozako -

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::


. reference by Toyota Toki とよた 時 / 画房【とよだ 時】 Toyoda Toki .
Manga Painter of Satoyama Japan

In Chichibu, the Tengu is seen as a mountain deity, Tengu-Shin 天狗神 Tengu-Kami.


Kokushidake no Tengu-Iwa 国師岳の天狗岩 Tengu Rock, Tengu Boulder
奥秩父 Oku-Chichibu
Mount Kokushidake is 2591 m high.
Oku Chichibu is located along the border of Saitama, Yamanashi and Nagano. Connecting Nagano and Chichibu is the pass Oodarumi Tooge 大弛峠 Odarumi Pass.

Near Kokushidake is the Tengu One 国師ヶ岳天狗尾根 "Tengu Mountain Ridge", with the Tengu Rock formation. In former times there was the Oku no In Mountain Shrine of 大岳山那賀都神社 Daidakesan Nagato Jinja from Yamanashi (former 三富村 Mitomimura). On top of the rocks is an iron sword, the ご神体 image of the deity.
The formation of the rocks is said to look just like the profile of a Tengu, with a long nose.

Mount Kokushidake was named after priest Musoo Kokushi 夢窓国師 Muso Kokushi.
Around 1330 Muso Kokushi stayed in Yamanashi, 塩山 Enzan at the temple 乾徳山恵林寺 Erin-Ji to make a temple garden (he was a specially gifted garden designer).
The mountain name 大岳山 Daidakesan (Oodakesan) also refers to him.

. Muso Kokushi Soseki 夢窓疎石 (1275 - 1351) .





The deity venerated at this mountain peak is 大山祇神 (おおやまづみのかみ Ooyamazumi no Kami.

. - Ooyamatsuminomikoto 大山祇神, 大山積神, 大山津見神 Oyama Tsumi no Mikoto .

The peak is also venerated by Buddhists, who chant the following when climbing the mountain to pray for good business and protection of the silk industry:
南無大岳那賀都の神社、大山の神、高岡の神、六根清浄.
Namu Daidake Nagato no Jinja , Oyama no Kami, Takaoka no Kami, Rokkon Shojo.



- reference : toki.moo.jp/gaten/251-300/gate264 -

.......................................................................


nokkinboo 破風山のノッキン坊天狗 Nokkinbo Tengu, Nokkin-Bo
ニョッキンボウ Nyokkin-Bo

at Mount Happusan 破風山, 601 m high, Mount Happu, Minano, Saitama.



At the temple 水潜寺 Suisen-Ji, Nr. 34 of the Chichibu Pilgrimage to 34 Kannon Temples, Nokkin-Bo Tengu is venerated as a protector deity.
Nokkin-Bo is ibo no Kami イボの神, a deity to take away warts. The local people came here to worship, bringing some Sake rice wine in bamboo containers. Even nowadays, a lot of "Cup Sake" is offered here.

. 秩父三十四観音霊場 Pilgrimage to 34 Chichibu Kannon Temples .

. ibotori 疣取り / イボ取り / いぼとり take away warts .
ibogamisan いぼ神さん Shinto deity to take away warts / ibotori san いぼとりさ

- reference : toki.moo.jp/inaka-jo/04tengu/15chichib -


- - - - - Closely related to Knokkin-Bo is
.......................................................................

Ryookamisan no Tori Tengu 両神山の刀利天狗 Ryokamisan

Mount Ryokamisan, at the northern end of the Okuchichibu Mountains, is 1,723 m high.
Until recently, women were forbidden to climb this sacred mountain up to the Shrine at its top.



Legend knows that En no Gyoja was the first to climb up here.

Ryookami means "two deities". Here they are
イザナギ(伊弉諾)Izanagi and イザナミ(伊弉冉 Izanami.
. Izanagi 伊弉諾 - 伊弉冉尊and Izanami 伊邪那美命 .

Also known as 八日見山 Yokamiyama, 竜頭山 Ryukamiyama (Dragon Head) and 鋸岳 Nokogiridake.
The name Yokamiyama dates back to Yamato Takeru, who 見 looked this mountain for 八日 eight days when he climbed Mount Tsukuba .
. Yamato Takeru 日本武尊 - Introduction .

The name Ryukami is a pun on the writing 竜神 Dragon God. This deity is known for its eight heads ヤオカミ Yaokami - Yokami.

This mountain is also related to the Tengu
. 六尺坊 Rokushakubo, Rokushaku-Bo .
from Mount 御嶽山 Ontakesan in Kiso.
Other Tengu who live here are
前山 - 三笠山 刀利天坊 Mikasayama - Toriten-Bo
前山 - 八海山 大頭羅坊 Hakkaisan - Daizura-Bo
(摩利支天山 Marishiten Yama) on 阿留摩耶山 the peak Arumayasan アルマヤ坊 Arumaya-Bo

- reference : toki.moo.jp/inaka-jo/04tengu -

.......................................................................

Ryookami Jinja 両神神社 Ryokami Shrine
About half-way up to the summit.


source and more photos : ridgelineimages.com/hiking...

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

. Legends and Tales from Japan 伝説 - Introduction .

Tengoo matsuri 天狗祭(テンゴー祭り) Tengo (Tengu) Festival
Tengu is seen as yama no kami 山の神 a Deity of the Mountain
During the festival people pray for safety while working in the mountain forest and blessings for the family.
The main actors of this festival are children.

原の天狗まつり Hara no Tengu Matsuri
秩父市荒川白久(原区)地内 In Hara village



This festival was held in many parts of Chichibu, but now only in the Hara village.
The young boys collect wood, bamboo and leaves to prepare for a huge ritual bonfire.
The sounds of the huge fire,
パチパチ、パンパン、バリバリ pachi pachi, pan pan, pari pari
The Tengo sama is venerated as Hibuse no Kami 火防の神 Deity to prevent fire, also as the Yama no Kami 山の神 Deity of the Mountain and the pillow of this Tengo is on top of the mountain.
- reference source : navi.city.chichibu.lg.jp -

..............................................................................................................................................

There are a few legends about sacred trees where the Tengu sits and takes a rest -
Tengu no matsu 天狗の松, Tengu no koshikake matsu 天狗の腰掛松.
People protect these trees and dear not cut them down for fear of bad luck and misfortune.
For example in Chichibu town, Higashi-Chichibu, Ogano, ...

Tengu no yasumi no ki 天狗の休み木 A tree where the Tengu takes a rest
Along the pass 烏首峠 Torikubi Toge, which connects 名栗 Naguri with 浦山 Urayama in Chichibu there is 大楓 a huge maple tree where the Tengu takes a rest.
When the forest workers cut it down, there begun a lot of accidents to happen, a wood cutter fell ill and eventually even the man who bought the lumber was hit with bad luck.

.......................................................................

Until the end of WWII, the Tengu were still quite acitve in Chichibu.
At night, people heard the sounds of someone cutting trees in a valley or rolling boulders around a river. When they looked the next morning, all was the same as before ant not one tree felled.
When the Tengu got angry, he would cause fires and make strange noises. Even his horrible laughter could be heard.
The wood workers and fishermen would offer ritual Sake to the Tengu before starting to work.
Once a worker said something bad about the Tengu, but on this day he fell into a ravine and hurt himself.

.......................................................................

At the back of Shrine 和田神社 Wada Jinja was a sanctuary for the 愛宕様 Atago Deity, the 山の神 God of the Mountain.
Once a young man went up there on the 17th night of the second lunar month to meet the Tengu. He saw his huge legs, but could not see the head.

.......................................................................
Tengu-Iwa 天狗岩 and Waterfall


There was a Tengu Boulder near the waterfall 七代の滝 Nanayo no Taki, where a Tengu lived. Once a priest from the nearby temple used it to pee.
If the visitors in his temple wanted to eat Tofu from Tokoy, the Tengu went off to fetch it in no time.

.......................................................................
kawatengu 川天狗 Tengu becoming a River

A huge flood in the region is called Kawa Tengu.
Once during a huge flood the sacred tree for the Tengu was swept away and something red could be seen floating downwriver. Even a huge boulder floating down was split into two, took the shape of two Tengu and was washed away in no time.

- - - - - And a legend from 大滝村 Otaki village
Once a farmer threw his net into the pond at the bottom of the waterfall and caught about 15 trout fish. When he thew his net a second time, be pulled out a sparkle of silver light and a fearful loud voice from the bottom of the pond shouted:
"The first time I forgive you , but a second time is not allowed!"
This time the Kawa Tengu, the River Tengu was angry. (In other legends, the "Kawa Tengu" is seen as a Kappa.)

. kawatengu, kawa-tengu, kawa tengu 川天狗 "river Tengu" .

..............................................................................................................................................
東秩父村 Higashi Chichibu

Once upon a time
the Tengu from 武甲山 Mount Bukozan (Bukosan, Mount Buko 1,304 m) and 笠山 Mount Kasayama (837 m) competed about the hight of their mountains.
The Tengu from Bukozan scooped water in a barrel and let it flow toward Kasayama. The angry Tengu from Kasayama took a traveler's hat (kasa 笠), placed it below the barrel and let the water flow back to Bukozan.

Once upon a time
the villagers from 白石 Shiraishi were re-doing a roof with reeds, because when it rained, the roof was leeking. So they kept busy cutting reeds. Just at that time in a nearby farm house, they had just put up reeds for drying. And then - what do you know - in one night all the reeds were over to the neighbour's roof, while they heard strange sounds, ガヤガヤ gayagaya al night.
Next morning the farmer wanted to get his reeds back, but then he realized that only a Tengu could do all that work in one night and returned home in fear.

.......................................................................
倉尾村 Kurao

The Tengu from Kurao
often launch a firework from their rock called 天狗岩 Tenguiwa. But it does not make a sound at all, just beautiful colors like chrysanthemums in the sky.

Once upon a time
a woodworker slipped and fell in a ravine, but a Tengu caught him and helped him.

Once upon a time,
a young man was kidnapped by the Tengu. After three years he came back, but he could do nothing, only blowing the flute.

Once upon a time
a farmer went harvesting rye and took his son with him. But the son was kidnapped by the Tengu. They later found him asleep under a tree, remembering nothing.

Once upon a time
a farmer heard the sound of voices, ホイホイ hoihoi, cutting down a tree. The next morning he found his saw broken.
.
yama no kami 山の神 - Tengu Matsu Pine
Near the Shrine are some trees with abnormal appearance, too thick or very bumpy. They are also called yama no kami no ki 山ノ神の木 "Trees of the Mountain Deity".

.......................................................................
皆野町 Minano

Once a young boy did not come home from school. At night they all went out to search for him they found him on the largest tree, high up in the branches.

.......................................................................
小鹿野町 Ogano

- Tengu no iwa 天狗の岩 Tengu Rock / Tengu boulder
Once upon a time
a skilful fisherman and woodworker lived in the village. One day he forgot to offer ritual Sake to the Tengu before starting to work. He even said something bad about the Tengu.
While he was busy, the sky suddenly turned dark with clouds and rumbling. Then a huge boulder came falling from the sky and burried everything under it, the workers and the lumber - such is the revenge of the Tengu.

Once upon a time
the village temple went out of business and the 釣り鐘 temple bell was given to the pawn shop. It was sold to another village, where soon a fire started. The local fortune teller said it was the temple bell bringing bad luck, so it was given back. This legend is called
Tengu-sama no tsurigane 天狗様の釣り鐘 the Temple bell of the Tengu.

. bonshoo 梵鐘 Bonsho, temple bell - Introduction .

.......................................................................
大滝村 Otaki

tengusama no ki 天狗様の木 The tree of the Tengu
When they cut it down, blood was flowing from the cut.

.......................................................................
両神村 Ryokami village

kamikakushi 神かくし kidnapped !
A little girl of 3 years went to the mountain forest with her mother, but the girl lost her way. She was found 3 days later, more than 4 km away. She must have walked a way impossible to walk for such a yuong girl, so they say she was kidnapped by a Tengu.

.......................................................................
寄居町 Yorii

yama no kami 山の神 - 天狗松 Tengu-Matsu
At the pass toward Higashi-Chichibu village, the Deity of the Mountain is venerated at the Tengu Pine.
But one day the huge tree was to be cut down. But however much they hacked at it, it would not fall. So the workers rested for a while. While they sat down, the tree fell on them all by itself and hurt the workers badly. This was the curse of the Mountain God.


source : choichi.cocolog-nifty.com/blog...
Tengu-Matsu at 牛伏山 Ushibuseyama, Gunma

.......................................................................
吉田町 Yoshida

Once upon a time, it was customary for the local craftsmen to drink a cup of the when they had finished work and were on their way home.
There was one 畳屋 Tatami straw mat maker, who went home without drinking his tea.
After walking for a short while, he heard the sound of cutting wood and it became so dark he could not see the road. Unable to proceed he went back to borrow 提灯 a lantern.
The home owner told him this was the trick of the local Tengu. When he walked back again, it was so light, he almost did not need a lantern.

..............................................................................................................................................

- reference : nichibun yokai database 妖怪データベース -

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

. Onipedia - 鬼ペディア - Oni Demons - ABC-List - Index - .

- - - - - Chichibu no Oni 秩父の鬼 Demon Legends from Chichibu - - - - -

.......................................................................
東秩父村 Higashi Chichibu

Once an Oni went to the village to catch a human to eat. He shape-shifted into a woman and tried to seduce a man, but the man held on to the branche of a tree and finally escaped.
When the Oni realist his pray was gone, he went right after him. But at the home of the man it smelled like 菖蒲とよもぎ iris and mugwort. The Oni can not stand this smell and run off very fast.
During the celebrations for 端午の節句 Setsubun, the Boy's Festival on March 5 people hang Iris and Mugwort from the eaves of their roofs to ward off the Demons.

. oni wa soto 鬼は外 "Demons, get out!" - Setsubun .

.......................................................................
小鹿野町 Ogano

Once in the deep mountains there lived a strong Oni. Every day he came down to the village and caused trouble, scolding the priest and digging up the fields.
The priest consulted with the cleverest men in the village, about what to do. They found a ruse, telling the Oni that humans were much stronger than he and eventually the Oni left.
(This legend is also told in other villages.)

..............................................................................................................................................

Oni yarai 秩父神社の鬼やらい Driving out the Demons at Chichibu Shrine - Setsubun
. Onibabari 鬼払い driving out the demons, .



..............................................................................................................................................




秩父の鬼うどん Chichibu no Oni Udon Noodle Restaurant / 定峰峠の鬼うどん
Chichibu District, Higashichichibu, Shiroishi, 333 - Sadamine Toge Pass

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

. . . CLICK here for Photos !
- reference - 秩父 天狗-
- reference - tengu from chichibu -

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::


. - - - Join my Tengupedia friends on facebook ! - - - .

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::


. Tengu 天狗と伝説 Tengu legends "Long-nosed Goblin" .

. - yookai, yōkai 妖怪 Yokai monsters - .

. Legends and Tales from Japan 伝説 - Introduction .

. Mingei 民芸 Regional Folk Art from Japan .

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

[ . BACK to DARUMA MUSEUM TOP . ]
[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]
- #chichibutengu #kawatengu #tenguiwa #tengutsurigane -
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

--
Posted By Gabi Greve to Kappa - The Kappapedia on 6/26/2017 10:12:00 am

24 Jun 2017

EDO TEMPLE - Gofunai temples 86 and 87


[ . BACK to DARUMA MUSEUM TOP . ]
. Gofunai 御府内八十八ヶ所霊場 88 Henro Temples in Edo .
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

Nr. 86 - Joozenin 常泉院 Jozen-In

- 金剛山 Kongosan  常泉院 Jozen-In 弥勒寺 Miroku-Ji
文京区春日1-9-3 / Bunkyo ward, Kasuga 1-9-3
Shingon Sect : 豊山派



This temple was founded in 1627 by 卓意 priest Takui.
The main statue is 大日如来 Dainichi Nyorai.

It was close to the estate of the 水戸藩 Mito Domain in Edo and under their protection.
In the Meiji period, 赤煉瓦の塀 a wall of red brick was constructed around the compound.

......................................................................

- ご詠歌 - chant of the temple 志度寺 Shiodera in Shikoku :
いざさらば今宵はここに志度の寺 祈りの声を耳に触れつつ
Iza saraba koyoi wa koko ni shido no tera inori no koe o mimi ni furetsutsu


. Shidodera 志度寺 Shido-Dera / Shikoku .

.......................................................................

- 朱印 - stamp of the temple :



- Homepage of the temple
- source : tesshow.jp/bunkyo


. Introduction of Dainichi Nyorai .

.......................................................................


Shootendoo 聖天堂 Shoten-Do Hall

. Shooten 聖天 Shoten, Ganesh, Vinaayaka, Nandikeshvara.
Kankiten (Kangiten 歓喜天)

.......................................................................





::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::



Nr. 87 - Gokokuji 護国寺 Gokoku-Ji
音羽護国寺 Otowa Gokoku-Ji

- 神齢山 Shinreizan 悉地院 Shitchi-In 護国寺 Gokoku-Ji
文京区大塚5-40-1 / Bunkyo ward, Otsuka 5-40-1
Shingon Sect : 豊山派



This temple was founded in 1681 by 亮賢僧正 high priest Ryoken (1611 - 1687)
on behalf of Shogun Tsunayoshi for his mother, 桂昌院 Lady Keisho-In (徳川綱吉 生母).
The main statue is 如意輪観世音菩薩 Nyoirin Kannon Bosatsu.

The many temple buildings survived the earthquakes and fires of war and are now important national cultural property.

- quote -
The temple had a variety of attractions to offer. It conducted periodic public displays (kaicho) of memorabilia associated with Keisho-In, attracting large numbers of visitors.
Gokokuji held fifteen such displays over the course of the Edo period and also hosted twenty-five displays of treasures from famous temples outside Edo.
- - - - - Read more about this important temple:
- Layered Landscapes: Early Modern Religious Space Across Faiths and Cultures
edited by Eric Nelson, Jonathan Wright - MORE :
- source : books.google.co.jp -


江戸名所図会 護国寺

護国寺惣門 / 総門 main gate . . . CLICK here for Photos !
護国寺桂昌殿 Keisho-Hall
護国寺多宝塔 Tahoto tower
護国寺鐘楼 Bell tower
護国寺圓成庵 / 円成庵 Enjo-An Tea house

.......................................................................

- ご詠歌 - chant of the temple 長尾寺 Nagao-Ji in Shikoku :
あしびきの山鳥の尾の長尾寺 秋の夜すがら み名を唱えよ
Ashibiki no yamadori no o no Nagaodera aki no yosugara mina o tonaete


. Nr. 87 Nagaoji 長尾寺 Nagao-Ji / Shikoku .

.......................................................................

- 朱印 - stamp of the temple :


- Also part of the following pilgrimages:
江戸三十三箇所観音霊場 - 33 Kannon Temples of Edo - Nr. 13
東京三十三観音霊場 - 33 Kannon Temples of Tokyo - Nr. 24
Gokoku-Ji was on the Edo-version of the Saikoku Pilgrimage to 33 Kannon temples, founded in 1771. Gokoku-Ji was linked to 清水寺 Kiyomizudera in Kyoto.
In the compound were many cherry trees to enjoy the blossoms in spring.

- Homepage of the temple
- source : yuwakai.org/dokokai3 ... gokokuji.html

- 5-40-1 Ōtsuka, Bunkyō-ku, Tokyo
Like many Buddhist temples in Japan, Gokoku-ji has a cemetery on its premises. Among those interred are the remains of the following people:
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

.......................................................................




. Introduction of Nyoirin Kannon Bosatsu .

.......................................................................



..............................................................................................................................................

- - - - - #edohistory - - - - -

. Tokugawa Tsunayoshi 徳川綱吉 (1646 - 1709) .
inu kuboo, Inu-Kubō 犬公方 Inu Kubo, the Dog Shogun
and his mother 桂昌院 Keisho-In.




::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

- reference : 御府内八十八 常泉院 -
- reference : 御府内八十八 護国寺 -

::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

- Koya San in Wakayama 和歌山 高野山 -

- Kobo Daishi Kukai 弘法大師 空海 (774 - 835) -

. Gyoki Bosatsu 行基菩薩 (668 - 749) Saint Gyōki .

. Shikoku Henro Temple List 四国遍路  .

. Gofunai 御府内八十八ヶ所霊場 Pilgrimage to 88 Henro Temples in Edo .
- Introduction -

::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::



. Join the Updates of Facebook ! .

::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

. Japan - Shrines and Temples - ABC .

. Welcome to Edo 江戸 ! – The Edopedia .

[ . BACK to DARUMA MUSEUM . TOP . ]
[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]
- - - - - @edopilgrims #edohenro #jozenin #gokokuji - - - - -
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

--
Posted By Gabi Greve to Gokuraku - Jigoku on 4/14/2017 09:54:00 am

EDO TEMPLE - Gofunai temples 84 and 85



[ . BACK to DARUMA MUSEUM TOP . ]
. Gofunai 御府内八十八ヶ所霊場 88 Henro Temples in Edo .
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

Nr. 84 - Myoo-In 明王院 Myo-O-In

- 五大山 Godaisan 明王院 Myo-O-In 不動寺 Fudo-Ji 
港区三田4-3-9 / Minato ward, Mita 4-3-9
Shingon Sect : 豊山派



This temple was founded in ? by ?? After the Great Fire in 1657, it was moved from 八丁堀 Hatchobori to its present location in the Temple Town of Mita, 三田寺町 Mita Teramachi.
The main statue is 不動明王 Fudo Myo-O.
It was later revived by 賢榮 priest Kenei.



It is famous for a statue of Kobo Daishi
yakuyoke Daishi 厄除大師 Daishi to protect from evil influence and disaster.
yakuyoke Kooboo 除厄弘法 Yakuyoke Kobo
Kobo Daishi carved a statue for 嵯峨天皇Saga Tenno, when he was in his unauspicious age of 42 years.

Related to the temple 泉福寺 Senpuku-Ji in 三田臺裏町 Mita.

.......................................................................

- ご詠歌 - chant of the temple 屋島寺 Yashima-Ji in Shikoku :
梓弓 屋島の宮に詣でつつ 祈りをかけて勇む武夫
Azusa yumi Yashima no tera ni moodetsutsu inori o kakete isamu mono no fu


. Nr. 84 - Yashima-Ji 屋島寺 and Tasaburo 太三郎狸 Tanuki / Shikoku .

.......................................................................

- 朱印 - stamp of the temple :


- Homepage of the temple
- source : tesshow.jp/minato


. Fudō Myō-ō, Fudoo Myoo-Oo 不動明王 Fudo Myo-O
Acala Vidyârâja - Vidyaraja – Fudo Myoo .


.......................................................................



..............................................................................................................................................


. yakuyoke 厄除け to ward off evil - Introduction .


. Gofunai Nr. 25 長楽寺 Choraku-Ji .
Yakuyoke Daishi 厄除大師

. Gofunai Nr. 57 明王院 Myoo-In .
(台東区谷中5-4-2)Yanaka, Taito ward



::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::



Nr. 85 - Kannonji 観音寺 Kannon-Ji

- 大悲山 Daihizan  観音寺 Kannon-Ji
新宿区高田馬場3-37-26 / Shinjuku ward, Takadanobaba 3-37-26
Shingon Sect : 真言系単立 The only temple in the Gofunai pilgrimage that does not belong to any sect.



This temple was founded around 1630 by 宗白大僧都 High Priest Sohaku or かんこう坊 priest Kanko-Bo.
The main statue is 聖観世音菩薩 Kannon Bosatsu, located on the second floor in the Main Hall of the modern building, which is painted in light green. This building was erected in 1984.
On the left side of the gate is a statue of 観自在菩薩 Kannon Bosatsu, on the right side is 地蔵菩薩 Jizo Bosatsu.






.......................................................................

- ご詠歌 - chant of the temple 八栗寺 Yakuri-Ji in Shikoku :
煩悩を胸の智火にて八栗をば 修行者ならでたれか知るべき
Bonnoo o mune no chika nite Yakuri o ba shugyoosha nara de tareka shiru beki


. Nr. 85 五剣山 観自在院 八栗寺 Yakuri-Ji . / Shikoku .

.......................................................................

- 朱印 - stamp of the temple :


- Also part of the following pilgrimages:
The temple is Nr. 85 here:
豊島八十八ヶ所霊場 Toshima Henro

- Homepage of the temple
- source : tesshow.jp/shinjuku


. Introduction of Kannon Bosatsu .

.......................................................................



..............................................................................................................................................


On the left side of the Main Hall is a memorial stone


呼潮へんろ塚 Kocho Henrozuka

in memory of the writer Awaji Kochoo 淡路呼潮 Awaji Kocho (1892-1960) and his Henro pilgrimage to Shikoku

This is related to 吉川英治 Yoshikawa Eiji.
Eiji Yoshikawa
(August 11, 1892 – September 7, 1962) was a Japanese historical novelist.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

..............................................................................................................................................


. Gofunai Nr. 42 観音寺 Kannon-Ji .
(台東区谷中5-8-28)Yanaka, Taito

. Gofunai Nr. 52 観音寺 Kannon-Ji .
(新宿区西早稲田1-7-1)Nishiwaseda, Shinjuku

::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

- reference : 御府内八十八 明王院 -
- reference : 御府内八十八 観音寺 -

::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

- Koya San in Wakayama 和歌山 高野山 -

- Kobo Daishi Kukai 弘法大師 空海 (774 - 835) -

. Gyoki Bosatsu 行基菩薩 (668 - 749) Saint Gyōki .

. Shikoku Henro Temple List 四国遍路  .

. Gofunai 御府内八十八ヶ所霊場 Pilgrimage to 88 Henro Temples in Edo .
- Introduction -

::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::



. Join the Updates of Facebook ! .

::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

. Japan - Shrines and Temples - ABC .

. Welcome to Edo 江戸 ! – The Edopedia .

[ . BACK to DARUMA MUSEUM . TOP . ]
[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]
- - - - - @edopilgrims #edohenro #myooin #kannonji - - - - -
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

--
Posted By Gabi Greve to Gokuraku - Jigoku on 4/12/2017 09:53:00 am

SHRINE - Aoni Jinja hamlet Nagano Zenki


[ . BACK to DARUMA MUSEUM TOP . ]
. Onipedia - 鬼ペディア - Oni Demons - ABC-List - .
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

Aoni shuuraku 青鬼集落 a hamlet named Aoni "Green Demon"
Aoni Hokujō, Hakuba-mura, Kitaazumi-gun, Nagano / 長野県北安曇郡白馬村北城
(はくばむらあおに)Hakubamura Aoni, Aoni settlement
and
Ozenkisama お善鬼様 O-Zenki Sama



The hamlet is famous for its old farm houses and the spectacular view of Mount Hakuba, the "White Horse".
There are only 15 old houses in the hamlet.

Near the hamlet are remains from settlements of the 縄文時代 Jomon period, named
善鬼堂遺跡 Zenkido and 馬場遺跡 Baba.
The present-day settlement is from the late Edo period till Meiji.
The complicated water canals for the rice fields are called Aoni seki 青鬼堰 weirs from Aoni.

The whole hamlet is a special
重要伝統的建造物群保存地区 - Conservation district of traditional buildings



旅するTZRの文化財撮影記
source : takashitzr.blog62.fc2.com


When the terraced rice fields are full of water in early summer, the mountain range is reflected in the water.




On a very lucky morning in early summer, there is a "Red Hakuba" reflected in the water.


source : 自然風景写真・鏡花水月

.......................................................................

- quote -
Aoni Rice Terraces 青鬼棚田
The terraces are made with stone walls.



There are also well-preserved Kayabuki (thatched) Roof Houses that were built during the period between Edo period to Meiji period in Aoni settlement.
You can have glorious views of Hakuba`s mountain range and Japanese landscape of the Rice Terraces.
There are no restaurants or souvenir shops in the Aoni Rice Settlement.
It is to protect the serene life of the inhabitants of the village.
5 km from Hakuba Station.
- source : veryjapanese.jp/places/aoni-rice-terraces -


..............................................................................................................................................

Aoni Jinja 青鬼神社(Aooni Jinja ) Aoni Shrine

Located in the North of the hamlet, built in the Early Meiji period.
The deity in residence is 善鬼大明神 Zenki Daimyojin (御善鬼様 O-Zenki Sama)



On the right is a small shrine:
Suwa Yashiro 諏訪社.

Preparations for the annual festival are made in O-Zenki no Yakata.
himomi no shinji 「火揉みの神事」making fire for the Gods
The villagers make fire themselves and light lanterns as offerings for the shrine.
Later there is a firework in the village.

ー Look at a video of the shrine here:
- source : youtube.com/watch -


. Shinto shrine names including 鬼 ONI .


..............................................................................................................................................


- reference source : -
Mt. Shirouma (白馬岳 Shirouma-dake) - Shirouma is another reading for Hakuba, "White Horse".
is a peak in the Hida Mountains range of the Japanese Alps, located in Nagano Prefecture and Toyama Prefecture, central Honshu, Japan.
Mount Shirouma is the 26th-tallest mountain in Japan. At 2,932 metres (9,619 ft), it is the highest peak in the Hakuba section of the Hida Mountains, and one of the top "to climb" peaks for Japanese hikers. It is also one of the few peaks in Japan with year-round snow fields (Firn), in the Shirouma Dai Sekkei (白馬大雪渓), or Shirouma deep-snow gorge .
It is located within the Chūbu-Sangaku National Park.
Mount Shirouma is one of the landmark 100 Famous Japanese Mountains.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

..............................................................................................................................................


お善鬼様伝説 The Legend of O-Zenki Sama - The Benevolent Demon
Further away to the North-East of Aoni hamlet is 岩手山 Mount Iwatesan. East of Mount Iwatesan is 戸隠村 Togakushi village and the village of
鬼無里村 Kinasa Mura, "Village without Demons".
Once upon a time there came a giant man to Kinasa, the "Village without Demons", and caused a lot of trouble. The villagers pulled together and confined the giant man into a hole near the bottom of Mount Iwatesan. A while later a traveller told the villagers that a giant man had appeared in Togakushi and helped the people there. He had passed through a kind of tunnel in the mountains and come to the other side, on the way changing his evil manners and became a good and helpful person. The people now called him O-Zenki Sama.
The villagers built a shrine for him, calling him あおに Aoni instead of あおおに Aooni and later the Chinese characters 青鬼 were used to spell the name of the hamlet.
He is also venerated as
Zenki Daimyojin 善鬼大明神

. Togakushiyama no Oni 戸隠山の鬼 Demon from Mount Togakushi .
Nagano 長野県 上水内郡 Kamiminochi district 鬼無里村 Kinasamura village

. Togakushi Jinja 戸隠神社 Togakushi Shrine - Nagano .

.......................................................................


O-Zenki no Yakata お善鬼の館 Mansion of Zenki




長野県北安曇郡白馬村大字北城17641
The building belonged to the 降籏家 Furuhata Family, built in 1908.
It was built to suit the silk farming of the region, facing South, with a large space below the roof for the silk worms. It became useless and empty in 2005 and was then revived as the O-Zenki no Yakata, a kind of local museum to welcome visitors and introduce the village culture.


- reference source : garden-plat.net/matinami/twon -
- reference source : siro.sitemix.jp/nagano/aoni -
- reference source : geocities.co.jp/MusicStar-Live -


:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::



Near the village are groups of Stone Buddha statues,
「向麻石仏群」Mukasso and 「阿弥陀堂石仏群」Amidado.

There are also many Dosojin 道祖神, a speciality of the Azumi region.



.道祖神 Dosojin, Dososhin - Wayside Gods .

.......................................................................

北安曇郡 Kita Azumi District 小谷村 Otari village

ozenkisama お善鬼様 O-Zenki Sama
Near the village is a 高原 highland and there is a 岩穴 boulder with a hole. The people from 戸石 Toishi came here to borrow zenwan 膳椀 trays and bowls. A supernatural being, the "Benevlent Demon" would bring the items and the villagers had to bring them back clean after using them for special gatherings with large crowds, like weddings and funerals.
One day a villager did not bring them back and since then, they were never borrowed again.

In other regions there are the same legends, very often a Kappa or a Tengu brings the goods.
. Zenwanbuchi 膳椀淵 "river pool for trays and bowls" .
and Kappa Legends




. Japanese Legends - 伝説 民話 昔話 – ABC-List .


- reference : Nichibun Yokai Database -

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::



. - - - Join the Onipedia friends on facebook ! - - - .

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

. Onipedia - 鬼ペディア - Oni Demons - ABC-List - .

. Tengu 天狗と伝説 Tengu legends "Long-nosed Goblin" .

. - yookai, yōkai 妖怪 Yokai monsters - .

. Legends and Tales from Japan 伝説 - Introduction .

. Mingei 民芸 Regional Folk Art from Japan .

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

[ . BACK to DARUMA MUSEUM TOP . ]
[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]
- #aoninagano #naganoaoni #aoni -
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

--
Posted By Gabi Greve to Kappa - The Kappapedia on 6/22/2017 09:45:00 am