13 Oct 2019

EDO - Kotaki Kaido Highway

https://edoflourishing.blogspot.com/2019/09/yonezawa-kotaki-kaido-highways.html

Yonezawa Kotaki Kaido highways

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. Kaido 街道 Highways - ABC Index .
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Yonezawa Kaido 米沢街道 Yonezawa Highway



The official road for Sankin Kotai.
Connecting Aizu Wakamatsu with Yonezawa city.

. Aizu Kaidoo 会津街道 Aizu Kaido .
Also called
Yonezawa Kaido 米沢街道 Yonezawa Trade Road
when the traveller started from Yonezawa city.

This highway is also connectet to the
. Ushū Kaidō 羽州街道 Ushu Highway .


- quote -
Yonezawa (米沢市 Yonezawa-shi) is a city in Yamagata Prefecture, Japan. Yonezawa is most famous for its local delicacies (apples, yonezawa beef, and carp) and for being a castle town that was once home to the Uesugi clan, including the daimyō Uesugi Yozan.
The area of present-day Yonezawa was part of ancient Dewa Province and was controlled in the Sengoku period by the Date clan. The famed warlord Date Masamune was born in Yonezawa. During the Edo period, the area became Yonezawa Domain under the Tokugawa shogunate, ruled by the Uesugi clan. After the start of the Meiji period, the area was organized into Minamiokitama District, Yamagata Prefecture. The modern city of Yamagata was established on April 1, 1889. ...
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !


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Kotaki Kaido 小滝街道 Kotaki Highway 
A waki kaido side road from the Yonezawa Kaido, Yamagata prefecture.



Connecting 山形 Yamagata city with 米沢 Yonezawa city. (and on to 新潟 Niigata)
Present-day highway Nr. 348 leads via 白鷹町 Shirataka town, 宮内 Miyauchi, 飯豊 Iide to 長井市 Nagai city.
This side-road was mostly used for the transport of goods. One important good was salt transported to
置賜 Okitama and the surrounding villages.
Dried fish and even 漆液 liquid lacquer was also transported along this road.
akinai no michi 商いの道 trade road
yama-ai no shiruku roodo 山あいのシルクロード "silk road in the mountains"

- Goods transported from Yonezawa
aoso あおそ / 青苧 hemp, kuwa 桑 mulberries, urushi 漆 laquer, kinu orimono 絹織物 silk cloth, 葉煙 tobacco leaves ...
- Goods transported from 長谷堂 Hasedo town along the Kotaki Kaido:
shio 塩 salt, shooyu 醤油 soy sauce, kome 米rice, 荏水油 egoma oil, hoshi-sakana 干魚 dried fish, daizu 大豆 soy beans, komugi 小麦 wheat and barley, benibana 紅花 safflowers, roosoku 蝋燭 candles, kinu-ito 絹糸 silk thread as well as cows, bulls and horses.
The wholesale dealers were much interested in keeping the road in a good condition and have good relations with the government officials at the checkpoints.

In Kotaki there was also a kuchidome bansho 口留番所 checkpoint.
This shows that the highway was of great important to the province governors.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !



A road between the Yonezawa bonchi 米沢盆地 plane, Okitama bonchi 置賜盆地 plane
and the 村山地方 Murayama area.



The pass 小滝峠 Kotaki Toge (600m) is now crossed via a tunnel.




On the way is the waterfall くぐり滝 Kuguri Taki.

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Hasedo Joseki 長谷堂城跡 remains of Hasedo castle

- quote -
The siege of Hasedō 長谷堂城の戦い
was one of a series of battles fought in the far north of Japan's main island of Honshū (the Tōhoku region) contemporaneous with the famous and decisive campaigns between Tokugawa Ieyasu and Ishida Mitsunari further south. Over the course of the year 1600, Naoe Kanetsugu, a general loyal to Ishida Mitsunari, would lead a campaign in Tōhoku, which included the siege of Hasedō castle, near Yamagata, which was his ultimate goal. Hasedō was held by Shimura Takaharu, and backed by a Tokugawa-loyal army of the Date clan.
Three thousand of Naoe's men
moved towards Yamagata from the north while Naoe began his siege on Hasedō. Having received reinforcements of 100 horsemen and 200 arquebusiers, he laid siege to Hasedō for fourteen days before an army under Rusu Masakage arrived to relieve the castle. Upon the arrival of the Date forces, Naoe stepped up his siege, and the vanguard under Kasuga Mototada actually reached the walls of the castle before they retreated before arquebuse fire. The garrison then sallied forth and attacked the retreating vanguard in the rear, leading to the near-complete retreat of Naoe's forces.
A small besieging force remained, and fighting continued, in which Naoe's general Kamiizumi Yasutsuna was killed. Shortly afterwards, however, news arrived of Tokugawa Ieyasu's victory at Sekigahara, and so Naoe called a full withdrawal of all his forces back to Yonezawa, putting an end to his campaigns in the north.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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This old road was already used in the Heian period by the mendicant priest
. 西行法師 Saigyo Hoshi (1118年 - 1190) .
At his time, the pass on the Kotaki road was called 黒森峠 Kuromori Toge.

深き山に 心の月し すみぬれば
鏡に四方の 悟りをぞ見る

fukaki yama ni kokoro no tsuki shi suminureba
kagami ni yomo no satori o zo miru

Deep within the mountains
the mind's moon
shines so bright.
It's light mirrors all things
like the enlightened mind.


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- quote -
Yamagata (山形市 Yamagata-shi)
is the capital city of Yamagata Prefecture located in the Tōhoku region of northern Japan.
The area of present-day Yamagata was part of Dewa Province.
During the Edo period, it was the center of Yamagata Domain under the Tokugawa shogunate. The modern city of Yamagata was founded on April 1, 1889 as the capital of Yamagata Prefecture....
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !


- quote -
Nanyo (南陽市 Nan'yō-shi)
is a city located in Yamagata Prefecture, Japan. As of October 2015,
... The area of present-day Nan'yo was part of ancient Dewa Province.
After the start of the Meiji period, the area became part of Higashiokitama (Higashi-Okitama 東置賜)  District, Yamagata Prefecture. The modern city of Nan'yo was established on April 1, 1967 by the merger of the former towns of Miyauchi and Akayu with the village of Wagō (和郷村 Wago).
Akayu 赤湯町 is famous for its hot springs, cherries and hang gliding and includes the former village of Nakagawa.
Miyauchi 宮内町 is famous for its chrysanthemum festival and the Kumano-taisha Shrine, and includes the former villages of 漆山 Urushiyama, 吉野 Yoshino, and 金山 Kaneyama.
The village of Wago was created in 1955 by the merger of the villages of Okigō 沖郷 and Ringō 梨郷.
The English travel-writer Isabella Bird visited Akayu in 1878 and wrote about the town in Unbeaten Tracks in Japan. The city is named after Nanyang, China, where according to legend a chrysanthemum spring can make drinkers immortal....
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !




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. Legends and Tales from Japan 伝説 - Introduction .


................................................................................. Yamagata 山形県

Inari sama 稲荷様 Inari fox deity
Walking along the 小滝街道 Kotaki Kaido toward 富ノ中 Tominoju, there is a place called 「しらすば」Shirasuba.
The road becomes very narrow and
to the left is「しげだ」 Shigeda, the home of the 吉田家 Yoshida family with 地蔵様 a Jizo sama,
to the right is「しらすば」Shirasuba, the home of the 阿部家 Abe family with 稲荷様 an Inari sanctuary.
Jizo and Inari of them often meet secretly at night. If someone observes them during these visits, he will be cursed.

. 地蔵菩薩と狐と伝説 Legends about Jizo Bosatsu and kitsune Foxes .

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南陽市 Nanyo City

buyobuyo shita pinku iro no kaibutsu ブヨブヨしたピンク色の怪物 a pink flabby monster
A villager felt something strange and opened the door, when he saw a pink, flabby monster outside. Something like the arm of a starfish sneaked through the gap in the door and grabbed his neck. He was torn out of the house and died. Similar stories happened until the Meiji period.

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gairaago ガイラーゴ Gairaago
Gairaago looks like a frog, but is very feroucious. When it sees a person, he begins to shout ゲエッ geeee geee and pursues the human, then jumps on it.
Some say it is a toad monster of more than 10 m hight, sometimes coming down from the mountain and crushing the homes of people.
Gairago ガイラゴ
looks like a namekuji ナメクジ slug of about 1 meter long. It crawls around the river pool and when it sees a human it hides in the shade. It does not harm humans, it is very coward.
geerago ゲーラゴ a special frog monster
Another monster, like Gairago, living on trees. If a human passed below it, it falls down, clings to the neck and begins to suck blood.
It is about 20 cm long and shouts キーキー gii gii .
It does not have eyes but catches any sound. Its mouth is very large and has fangs.

. namekuji ナメクジ slug .

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Iwakura sama no rei 岩倉さまの霊 the spirit of Mister Iwakura
In the family of 大津清孝 Otsu Kiyotaka there is a photo of Mister Iwakura.
The daughter-in-law had tried yoosan 養蚕 to grow silk worms and worked very hard on it, but one morning she found something under the boards that looked like the scaled of a serpent.
When she told the neighbours about it, they said because she had been so diligent and serious with the silk worms, Mister Iwakura (the patron of local silk worms) had come.
On the photo there is something flimmering in the background of the room.

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. hebi densetsu 蛇と伝説 Legends about snakes and serpents .
A monk who could not see well had been lost at night on the mountain road and spent the night in a cave. Because he felt lonely he begun to play his biwa 琵琶 lute. In no time a young woman appeared and asked for more music. He played a long sond and then asked who the lady might be. She said she was the local serpent, and also had some children. She said they were very hungry and to get food she would produce a flooding and then they can eat the villagers who have drowned.
When the monk came to the village next morning, they went out and found a dead serpent. She had died after telling her story to the monk and now the villagers built a small sanctuary for her.
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In Mokusawa town 杢沢 / 杢の沢 there is an old swamp called 沼の平 Numa no Daira. Once it rained for more than 10 days in the region and the villagers were in danger of flooding.
In this swamp lived a serpent, who might have called for the rain. The villagers consulted with others and then decided to throw a kanabo 金棒 metal stick into the swamp, to make the serpent go away. They went to a kajiya 鍛冶屋 blacksmith, had him make a large metal stick and threw it into the swamp. On this day, the rain stopped!

. Legends about kajiya 鍛冶屋 the blacksmith .

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. kitsune densetsu 狐と伝説 fox legends .
A man on his way home from a memorial serivce for a dead relative was carrying some presents, but was bewitched by a fox.
He went to the deep mountain forest, spread firewood like a bed and slept there. When he woke up he found that he had broken a rib bone.

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. Legends about the Gingko tree 銀杏 / ichoo no ki いちょうの木 - .


source : yamagata-clip.com/chinzoji...

oo icho no ki no sei 大いちょうの木の精 the spirit of the huge Gingko tree
At the Temple 珍蔵寺 Chinzo-Ji lived a priest who liked to drink. Since he needed money to buy Sake he thought of selling the huge Gingko tree in the temple compound.
That night a beautiful woman appeared in his dream and asked him with tears in her eyes not to cut down the tree.
So the priest did not have it cut down. In the dream the lady had told him her name was 「いちょう」 Ichoo, he was sure it must have been the spirit of this wonderful old tree.
-
This temple is famous for the story about tsuru no on-gaeshi 鶴の恩返し
- The Gratitude of the Crane -


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- reference : nichibun yokai database -


南陽市小滝街道の昔話 Kotaki Kaido no mukashibanashi
Article by 武田正 Takeda Tadashi
in the magazine 置賜の民俗 Okitama no Minzoku - Folk Lore from Okitama
置賜民俗学会
- reference source : yonezawanet.jp/okitama... -


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. kaidoo 街道と伝説 Legends about the old Kaido highways .

. Kaido 街道 Highways - ABC Index .

. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo 江戸の名所 .

. Edo bakufu 江戸幕府 The Edo Government .

. Doing Business in Edo - 商売 - Introduction .

. shokunin 職人 craftsman, craftsmen, artisan, Handwerker .

. senryu, senryū 川柳 Senryu poems in Edo .

. Japanese Architecture - The Japanese Home .

. Interior Design - The Japanese Home .

. Legends and Tales from Japan 伝説 - Introduction .


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[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]
- - - - - #kotaki #kotakiyamatata #hasedo #yonezawa - - - -
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8 Oct 2019

HEIAN - Oshidori mandarin ducks


https://heianperiodjapan.blogspot.com/2019/07/oshidori-mandarin-duck-legends.html

oshidori mandarin duck legends

- BACK to the Daruma Museum -
. Japanese legends and tales 伝説 民話 昔話 - Introduction .
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oshidori, オシドリ 鴛鴦と伝説 Legends about mandarin ducks



. Mandarin Ducks, 鴛鴦 symbol for a happy couple .
- Introduction -


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In the area of 阿曽沼 / 安蘇沼 Asonuma swamp lived a man skilled with bow and arrow, 太田二郎 Ota Jiro.
One day he captured oshidori 鴛の雄 a male mandarin duck.
He cut of its head.
That night in his dream a beautiful woman appeared, with a poem on a white paper, crying in despair.
"Why did you kill my husband?" The hunter said "But I did not kill anybody!"
"Yes you did, today in the swamp." Then she flew off and he saw it was the female mandarin duck.
Next morning he looked at the male duck and saw a female one next to it, her beak like kissing the male duck.
In another version he found the paper with the poem under her wing
The hunter had a great shock, stopped hunting and became a monk.

In another version of the story the female duck begun to pull out her feathers, spit blood and died.
The wife of the hunter took pity on them, buried them and erected a stone memorial.
Then she became a nun.


Oshidori Densetsu おしどり伝説
With many pictures of the story
- reference source : yachiyo-chiba.mypl.ne... -


In Utsunomiya, Tochigi, there is even a memorial mound for the ducks,
oshidorizuka おしどり塚 / 鴛鴦塚 Oshidori Zuka






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- quote -
Oshidori-zuka (Tomb of Mandarin Ducks)
The story of Oshidori-Zuka is reported in the book "Shasekishu" written by Muju, a Buddhist monk in the Kamakura Period (1185-1333).
A hunter shot a mandarin drake in the nearby Asari River. He cut its head off and carried the prey home, leaving the head there. The next day, he shot a duck huddled in the same spot and found the drake's head he had severed the previous day.It was cradled securely under her wings. Deeply moved by the bird's love to her husband, he repented of his life of killing. He built a tomb for them and a stone pagoda on it, praying for the repose of the pair of birds.
- source : u-sgg.com/utsunomiya.html#oshidori... -



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- reference : nichibun yokai database 妖怪データベース -

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. animals and their legends 動物と伝説 - - ABC list .

. plants and their legends  植物と伝説 - - ABC list .

. trees and their legends  樹木, 木と伝説 - - ABC list .

. Persons, People, Personen and their legends - - ABC list .

. Legends about Kobo Daishi Kukai - 弘法大師 空海 - 伝説 .

. Japanese legends and tales 伝説 民話 昔話 - Introduction .

- Yookai 妖怪 Yokai Monsters of Japan -
- Introduction -

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5 Oct 2019

EDO - Satsuma Kaido


Satsuma Kaido Highway
[ . BACK to DARUMA MUSEUM TOP . ]
. Kaido 街道 Highways - ABC Index .
- Obi Kaido. see below -
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Satsuma Kaido 薩摩街道 Satsuma Highway
also known as
Demizu Suji 出水筋


source : uraken.net/chimei..miyazaki..

A road connecting 日向 Hyuga, a port city in 宮崎県 Miyazaki with 鹿児島城 Kagoshima castle (of the Satsuma clan).
From the castle town 佐土原城下 Sadowara via 高岡 Takaoka, 浦之名 Uranomyo, 去川の関所 the barrier station at Sarukawa, 国見峠 the Kunimi Toge pass, 有水 Arimizu, 桜木 Sakuragi to 都城 Miyakonojo.
Around 1500 the 伊東氏 Ito clan had taken over 三俣院 Mitsumata-In and reigned over 都於郡 the Tonokori area (now 西都市 Saito city).
The road was used to transport army supplies and merchandise.



薩摩街道(出水筋) マップ Demizu suji
Connecting 薩摩藩の鹿児島城 Kagoshima castle of the Satsuma clan with
肥後藩の熊本城 the Kumamoto castle in Higo.
Mainly used for 参勤交代 Sankin Kotai to Edo.

- - postal stations along the Demizu Suji 出水筋
00 山家(やまえ)宿(福岡県筑紫野市) Yamae - starting point
01 松崎(まつざき)宿(福岡県小郡市)- Matsuzaki
02 府中(ふちゅう)宿(福岡県久留米市)- Fuchu
03 羽犬塚(はいぬづか)宿(福岡県筑後市)- Hainuzuka
04 瀬高(せたか)宿(福岡県みやま市)- Setaka
05 原町(はらまち)宿(福岡県みやま市)- Haramachi
06 南関(なんかん)宿(熊本県玉名郡南関町)- Nankan
07 山鹿(やまが)宿(熊本県山鹿市)- Yamaga
08 味取新町(みとりしんまち)宿(熊本県熊本市)- Midorishinmachi
09 熊本(くまもと)宿(熊本県熊本市)- Kumamoto
10 河尻(かわしり)宿(熊本県熊本市)- Kawashiri
11 宇土(うと)宿(熊本県宇土市)- Uto
12 小川(おがわ)宿(熊本県宇城市)- Ogawa
13 八代(やつしろ)宿(熊本県八代市)- Yatsushiro
14 日奈久(ひなく)宿(熊本県八代市)- Hinaku
15 佐敷(さしき)宿(熊本県葦北郡芦北町)- Sashiki
16 陳町(ちんまち)宿(熊本県水俣市)- Chinmachi
17 出水(いずみ)宿(鹿児島県出水市)- Izumi
18 阿久根(あくね)宿(鹿児島県阿久根市)- Akune
19 向田(むこうだ)宿(鹿児島県薩摩川内市)- Mukoda
20 串木野(くしきの)宿(鹿児島県いちき串木野市)- Kushikino
21 市来(いちき)宿(鹿児島県いちき串木野市)- Ichiki
22 伊集院(いじゅういん)宿(鹿児島県日置市)- Ijuin
23 鹿児島(かごしま)宿(鹿児島県鹿児島市)Kagoshima
XX 鹿児島城(鶴丸城)(鹿児島県鹿児島市) Kagoshima castle - end point
- wikipedia -

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- - - Kita-Satsuma no Kodo 北薩摩の古道
木場茶屋駅から袋駅まで



- - - Ichiki Kushikino いちき串木野市

- reference source : pref.kagoshima.jp/am01/chiiki... -

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Okuchi Suji 大口筋
From Kagoshima North via 吉田 Yoshida, 白銀坂 Shiraganezaka slope, 重富 Shigetomi, 帖佐 Chosa, over the border pass to 加治木 Kajiki (present-day 姶良市 Aira city),
At Kajiki is a branch road to Takaoka.
On to 龍門司坂 Rymonjizaka slope to 溝辺 Mizonobe (present-day 霧島市 Kirishima city) to
Okuchi (present-day 伊佐市 Isa city).
An important trading road in the Edo period. Parts through the mountain forests were kept about 7 m wide for horses to pass each other and laid out with cobblestones, finished in 1635.

Hitoyoshi Kaido 人吉街道 / Hitoyoshi Okan 人吉往還
another name for the 大口筋 Okuchi Suji

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Takaoka Suji 高岡筋 (東目筋 Higashime Suji)
Branching off from the Okuchi Suji at 加治木 Kajiki and on to Takaoka (present-day 宮崎市 Miyazaki city).
Now National Highway Nr. 10.
From Takaoka a road extended to 佐土原城 Sadowara castle.



- quote -
Sadowara Castle in Miyazaki Prefecture
was a Yamajiro, mountaintop castle, first built during the Nanboku-Cho period (1334-1394) by the Tajima clan. Like most castles of the period, the mountain used, Mt. Kakusho, was shaved flat in terraced sections to create the various baileys, or kuruwa, and while there were various structures and defensive works built at the top, and around the mountain, the lords main living quarters and administrative offices were located at the foot of the mountain.
The Tajima lost Sadowara Castle to Miyazaki prefectures mighty Ito clan around 1427. The Ito clan remained in Sadowara until 1537, when much of the castle was destroyed in a fire, forcing the Ito to relocate to Miyazaki castle for 5 years until repairs could be completed.
In 1568, they returned to Sadowara,
making it their main base castle. The Ito lost the castle to the Otomo clan in 1577, and they in turn lost it in 1579 when the Shimazu clan took control. Upon the death of lord Shimazu Iehisa, he was succeeded by Shimazu Toyohisa. After Toyohisa's death in the battle of Sekigahara in 1600, Sadowara became Tokugawa property, and in 1693, despite their previous opposition to the Tokugawa, Toyohisa's cousin became castellan.
The castle underwent an expansion in 1610,
when a three story keep, Yagura watchtowers and stronger gates were constructed. The remains of the castle keep show it to have been about 11m X 12m in size. During excavations, parts of a shachihoko, the tiger-fish roof ornament gracing castles and temples was discovered. This shows that a set of 50cm wide, 80cm high, gold covered shachihoko ornaments once graced the keep's roof. .....
- source : samurai-world.com/sadowara-castle... -

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- quote -
Miyakonojō city 都城市, a modern city founded in 1924.
- History
Miyakonojō is known as the birthplace of the Shimazu Estate, the largest shōen (estate or manor) of medieval Japan.
In the 1020s, a powerful official named Taira no Suemoto developed a small manor named Shimazu-in. Expanded substantially in the first half of the 12th century, it eventually covered large portions of Satsuma, Ōsumi and Hyūga Provinces. In 1185, Koremune no Tadahisa was appointed as jitō of the Shimazu Estate and thereafter claimed the clan name of Shimazu. It is said that one of Tadahisa's residences, called Iwayoshi Gosho, was located at Miyakonojō.
Between the Muromachi period and Edo period, the Hōngō family, which was a branch family of the Shimazus, controlled the area. After the Boshin War, it became one of the cities to abolish the han system. In 1871, it became a prefecture for a year.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

- quote -
The Satsuma kaidô, or Satsuma Highway, was a road, roughly 100 km in length, which ran through Satsuma province to the border with Higo province. It was a major commercial thoroughfare, and was used for a variety of purposes, including as one of the main routes used by the Shimazu clan as the first (and last) leg of their sankin kôtai missions to Edo.
The road began at Shimomachi fudatsuji in Kagoshima
(today the site of the parking lot of the eastern branch building of Kagoshima City Hall), and ran past the 1000 koku riding grounds (Sengoku baba), through Nishida-bashi, the port of Ichiki, Mukôda, Akune, and Demizu, before arriving at Noma-seki at the border with Higo province. Stone markers were arranged every ri (roughly four km) along the route, and much of the route was lined with pine trees, which provided shelter from sun and rain.
- source : samurai-archives.com... -


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Obi Kaido 飫肥街道 Obi Highway



Now National Route 222 and part of 27, connecting 飫肥城下 the castle town of Obi (modern 日南市 Nichinan city) and 清武 Kiyotake (都城市 Miyakonojō).


飫肥城 Obi castle

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飫肥街道 ― 歩く感じる江戸時代
前田博仁 Maeda Hiroto

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Obi Kaido and 人吉街道 Hitoyoshi Kaido

飫肥街道と人吉街道 鵜戸神宮・宮崎神宮・球磨川 もうひとつの街道 五箇庄への道 佐敷・人吉・宮崎

- Places visited
●八代海●佐敷○佐敷城○青井阿蘇神社●人吉●球磨川○人吉城●免田●多良木○精蓮寺●湯前○城泉寺●目良西都○南方神社○西都原古墳群○国分寺○巨田神社●佐土原○大光寺○阪本寺●宮崎○宮崎神宮●鵜戸○鵜戸神宮●飫肥○飫肥城○振徳堂

contents 目次
●街道ギャラリー
神話や古の民俗芸能の息づく九州山地をゆく
●飫肥街道人物探訪
九州の戦国時代と島津四兄弟
●街道物語
●人吉城 今昔
●街道聞き語り
前方後円墳が語りかける3~6世紀のヤマトと九州
●伝統の味と技
球磨の自然と良米からつくられる球磨焼酎
●もうひとつの街道 五箇庄への道 
●飫肥街道と人吉街道の名宿・名店
●街道歳時記
- reference source : kaidoaruki.com... hitoyoshi... -


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The former Hyuga province 日向国 was also called
日州(にっしゅう)Nisshu
向州(こうしゅう)Koshu




- quote -
Hyūga Province (日向国 Hyūga no kuni)
- History
In the Kojiki and the Nihon Shoki,
Hyūga is called Kumaso Province (熊曽国 Kumaso no kuni) of Tsukushi-no-shima (Kyushu), along the provinces of Tsukushi, Toyo and Hi.
In the 3rd month of the 6th year of the Wadō era (713), the land of Hyūga was administratively separated from Ōsumi Province (大隈国). In that same year, Empress Genmei's Daijō-kan continued to organize other catastral changes in the provincial map of the Nara period.
During the Sengoku period,
the area was often divided into a northern fief around Agata castle (near modern Nobeoka), and a southern fief around Obi castle, near modern Nichinan. The southern fief was held by the Shimazu clan of nearby Satsuma for much of the period. The Itō clan held control of Hyuga until it was conquered by the Shimazu in 1578.
Higashisoo District (東囎唹郡)
Koyu District (児湯郡)
Morokata District (諸県郡)
Naka District (那珂郡)
Usuki District (臼杵郡)
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !


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. Legends and Tales from Japan 伝説 - Introduction .

................................................................................. Miyazaki 宮崎県
飫肥 Obi

. daija, orochi 大蛇 the huge serpent, great snake .
In a valley of 日州飫肥 Obi a man went to get firewood in the mountain forest and was chased by a huge serpent. He also saw a cat and a serpent have a fight.
If someone tries to shoot the huge serpent with an arrow, he will be cursed.

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. hinotama, hi no tama 火の玉と伝説 Legends about fire balls .
When a person dies, his soul becomes a fire ball and flies away out of the roof.

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. kumo 蜘蛛と伝説 Legends about spiders / Spinnen .
If a spider is seen leaving from the body of an ill person, it means his soul has left the body.

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. ryuujin 竜神 /龍神 と伝説 Ryujin, Legends about the Dragon Deity .
In the 井津 Itsu hamlet of 日州飫肥領 the Obi domaine there was an island called 児島 Kojima.
Since olden times 弁財天 Benzaiten and 虚空蔵 Kokuzo were venerated there (seen as incarnations of Ryujin).
In former times the island was connected to the mainland, but once during a heavy rainfall the land was swept away. The local fishermen in trouble, because they had lost some fishing grounds. One day a fisherman went to a temple of the Zen sect and asked the priest for advise. The priest wanted to help and gave the fisherman a letter. The fisherman took this letter, wrapped it around a stone and threw it into the sea. That night there was a strong thunderstorm and much rain and next morning the land was back in place.
The letter must have contained a prayer to Kokuzo.

. Benten 弁天と伝説 Legends about Benten, Benzaiten .

. Kokūzō 虚空蔵菩薩 Kokuzo Bosatsu .

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. udonge 優曇華 / ウドンゲ と伝説 Legends about Udonge flowers .
If someone sees the Udonge flowers in a dream, he is going to die soon.

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boorei 亡霊 a ghost
The lord of 清武城 Kiyotake castle, 稲津重政 Inazu Shigemasa (1574 - 1602), had falsely been accused by the Lord of Obi, so he and his wife 雪江 Yukie commited suicide.
They were buried at the side of togamezuka 咎塚 a special mound for criminals. At night the ghosts of the couple would come out, flew over to the harbour and destroyed the ships of the Obi domaine.
The people did not know what to do, but eventually buried them in the middle of the special mound, from where they could not see the harbour.
Since then all was quiet again.

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- reference : nichibun yokai database -

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. kaidoo 街道と伝説 Legends about the old Kaido highways .

. Kaido 街道 Highways - ABC Index .

. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo 江戸の名所 .

. Edo bakufu 江戸幕府 The Edo Government .

. Doing Business in Edo - 商売 - Introduction .

. shokunin 職人 craftsman, craftsmen, artisan, Handwerker .

. senryu, senryū 川柳 Senryu poems in Edo .

. Japanese Architecture - The Japanese Home .

. Interior Design - The Japanese Home .

. Legends and Tales from Japan 伝説 - Introduction .


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[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]
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2 Oct 2019

EDO - Kijo Kaido


Edo - the EDOPEDIA -


Kijo Kaido Highway

Posted: 24 Sep 2019 09:50 PM PDT

[ . BACK to DARUMA MUSEUM TOP . ]
. Kaido 街道 Highways - ABC Index .
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Kijo Kaido 木城街道 Kijō Highway


- reference : town.kijo.lg.jp/matidukuri-suisin...

Kijō-chō 木城町 a town in the Koyu District of Miyazaki.
Along the river is a road, now with a tunnel, dedicated to the writer Mushanokoji Saneatsu
Mushanokoji Bungaku Road 武者小路文学ロード.

In 新しき村 Atarashikimura village are the remains of 高城城址 Takajo castle.



- quote -
Takajo castle (高城) is built on the plateau at the north side of Omaru-gawa river, in the middle part of current Miyazaki prefecture. At castle site a sheer cliff is formed by the erosion of Shirasu plateau by the river, and the height of the cliff is nearly 50 meter.
Furthermore, in addition to the south side faces the river, the north side of the castle is also deeply hollowed by a creek. Therefore, Takajo castle is a secure castle protected it's both side by sheer cliff.
In addition to this, Castle site is at the north edge of three rivers forms Miyazaki plain, it mean Omaru-gawa river, Oyodo-gawa river and Kiyotake-gawa river. As Shirasu plateau is not suitable for cultivation, agricultural production of Hyuga provine (Miyazaki prefecture) concentrated on the side of three rivers. Castle site is the last defense place of this fertile area against northward.
- Origin of Takajo castle - 14th century
- Decisive battle of fate - In 1577
- Outrage at defeat at skirmish
- Severe defeat after reckless charge
- Structure of Takajo castle
- Outbreak of another battle
- End of the fatal battle and afterward - around 1600 - fierce battle between 大友軍 Otomo clan and 島津軍 Shimazu clan over 9 years.
- source : japancastle.jp/2017/09/Takajo-castle... google translate -

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- quote -
Saneatsu Mushanokōji (武者小路 実篤(實篤) Mushanokōji Saneatsu (1885 – 1976)
was a Japanese novelist, playwright, poet, artist, and philosopher active during the late Taishō and Shōwa periods of Japan.
..... With the outbreak of World War I, Mushanokōji turned again to Tolstoy for inspiration and for the further development of his humanitarianism philosophy. During this time, he published Sono imōto (その妹 His Sister) (1915), a play involving a choice between self-love and love for mankind. He relocated to what is now part of Abiko, Chiba in 1916, together with Shiga Naoya and Yanagi Sōetsu.
In 1918, Mushanokōji took the next step in the development of his philosophy by moving to the mountains of Kijō, Miyazaki in Kyūshū, and establishing a quasi-socialistic utopian commune, Atarashiki-mura (New Village) along vaguely Tolstoyan lines.
Soon afterwards, he published Kōfukumono (幸福者 A Happy Man) (1919), a novel presenting his image of the ideal human; and Yūjō (友情 Friendship) (1920), a novel portraying the victory of humanism over ego. His idealism appears in his autobiographical novel Aru otoko (或る男 A Certain Man) (1923), and in the play Ningen banzai (人間万歳 Three Cheers for Mankind) (1922). The commune also published its own literary magazine, Atarashiki-mura. In the 1920s, while running the commune, Mushanokōji was very prolific in his literary output. However, Mushanokōji tired of the social experiment and left the village in 1926; a dam project forced it to relocate to Saitama Prefecture in 1939, where it still exists. ...
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !


Entrance to Atarashikimura.


- quote -
Atarashiki-mura (新しき村), "New Village",
is a Japanese intentional community founded by the author, artist and philosopher Saneatsu Mushanokōji.
It was founded in 1918 in Hyūga, in the mountains of Miyazaki Prefecture in Kyūshū, but in 1939 they were warned that much of their land was about to be submerged by the construction of a dam, so they searched for a new home and found 10 hectares in Moroyama, Iruma District, Saitama Prefecture. A few members remain at Hyūga to this day, but they are still to a certain extent dependent on the Saitama community and support from "external members".
Mushanokōji worked at the village for a while, but later found that he could help it more by working outside and supporting it with the income from his novels, plays and paintings. There has always been a strong artistic bent at the Mura (as distinct from other religious or political communes, or the well-known Israeli kibbutzim) and many well-known artists lived there or supported it externally. Although there is an art gallery which also produces some publications, and various members have at times worked as potters, for much of its existence, most of the community's income has come from agriculture, including battery-hen eggs (and fertilizer produced from their manure), shiitake, rice, organic vegetables, and to a lesser extent green tea, apricots, and bread. There used to be a nursery school.
The income earned by activities in the village is pooled, and individual members receive only 'pocket money', but all other needs are met, including housing, food, medical care, and schooling. Members live in their own houses, in 'conventional' family units with private possessions, but most food is eaten in a communal dining area which also has a stage used for occasional plays and concerts. There are monthly meetings to decide any matters affecting the village, and in principle all decisions must be unanimous.
Premature rumours of Atarashiki-mura's demise have existed for decades, but it is a fact that the population is ageing and there is a shortage of new entrants, while children born in the village tend to migrate outside, so its future is far from secure. Membership in 2007 was 21 people in 16 households, with approximately 200 external supporters; there were five members in three households at the Hyūga site. By 2016 membership had declined further to 11 residents, many of whom were in their seventies. The surviving members are no longer young/fit enough to continue the egg business, and partly to offset the punitive effects of new tax regulations, large parts of the village land have been covered in solar panels, although the income from this is only guaranteed until around 2020, when the community is likely to face a financial crisis.
- Ideals
The "spirit of Atarashiki-mura" is summed up in six lines written by Mushanokōji and reprinted on the back of each issue of the village's magazine.
- Our ideal is that all the world's people should fulfill their own destinies, and that the individuality residing in each one of them should be allowed to grow fully.
- One must not therefore allow the promotion of one's own individuality to infringe upon the individuality of others.
- Hence one must promote one's own individuality in a correct manner. One must not harm the destiny or just demands of other people merely for the sake of one's own pleasure, happiness or freedom.
- We will work so that all the world's people may share our ideals and choose the same style of life, and thereby walk along a path where they are able to fulfil their duties equally, enjoy freedom, lead correct lives and fulfil their destinies (including individuality).
- Those who endeavor to live this way, who believe in the possibility of such a way of life and pray or hope fervently that all the world's people may put it into practice, such people are members of Atarashiki-mura and are our brothers and sisters.
- We therefore believe that if all people embark upon a correct way of life, or endeavour to do so, and such people truly cooperate with each other, then the world we desire will come to be without struggle between nations nor between classes. We will do our utmost to achieve this goal.

- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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Mushanokoji Bungaku Road 武者小路文学ロード



Photos and details
- source : kijokanko.com... -

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. Shrine Mikado Jinja 神門神社 / 神門(みかど)神社 .
This shrine is located in Misato Cho, Mikado village 美郷町南郷区神門 in the north of Miyazaki prefecture in Kyushu.
In this shrine a Korean Emperor has become the main deity for more than 1000 years. 禎嘉帝 Teika-O, also known as Kudara no Ookimi, Kudara no Miko 百済王. ...


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. Legends and Tales from Japan 伝説 - Introduction .

................................................................................. Miyazaki 宮崎県
児湯郡 Koyu district 高鍋町 Takanabe town

. kitsune densetsu 狐と伝説 fox legends .
An old man of about 100 years remembers the past.
Once while he stayed in a postal station at the Kijo Highway a fox stole his dinner on a moonlit night.

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- reference : nichibun yokai database -

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. kaidoo 街道と伝説 Legends about the old Kaido highways .

. Kaido 街道 Highways - ABC Index .

. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo 江戸の名所 .

. Edo bakufu 江戸幕府 The Edo Government .

. Doing Business in Edo - 商売 - Introduction .

. shokunin 職人 craftsman, craftsmen, artisan, Handwerker .

. senryu, senryū 川柳 Senryu poems in Edo .

. Japanese Architecture - The Japanese Home .

. Interior Design - The Japanese Home .

. Legends and Tales from Japan 伝説 - Introduction .


[ . BACK to DARUMA MUSEUM TOP . ]
[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]
- - - - - #kijokaido #kijo #takajo #takacastle - - - -
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22 Sept 2019

EDO - Ise Kaido Pilgrim Roads


 . BACK to DARUMA MUSEUM TOP . ]
. Kaido 街道 Highways - ABC Index .
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Ise no Kaido 伊勢の街道 Pilgrim roads to Ise
There were many popular pilgrims road to the Grand Shrine at Ise..
The main road from Edo to Ise is the
Ise Sangu Kaido 伊勢参宮街道 / 伊勢街道 Ise Kaido
Ise city 伊勢市, where the Shrine is located, used to be called Ujiyamada 宇治山田 Uji Yamada.


Ise Jingū 伊勢神宮 Ise Jingu, Grand Shrine at Ise .
- Introduction -





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Ise udon 伊勢うどん served at the shrine Ise Jingu  
They are rather thick with mochigome glutinous rice.
They come with a thick "black" soy sauce broth, and a few cut leek rings.


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Ise Sangu Kaido 伊勢参宮街道 / 伊勢街道 Ise Kaido



Leaving the Tokaido at 日永の追分 Hinaga no Oiwake, leading to Ise.
Passing 白子 Shirako, 津 Tsu, 松阪 Matsuzaka and 斎宮 Saiku (Saigu).
About 70 km. Now mostly Highway 428.
Saiku, also called Itsuki-no-miya, was a shrine in a village located approximately 10 kilometers north-west of Ise Shrine,

Next after Oiwake on the Tokaido is
. Nr. 42 - Kuwana-juku 桑名宿 Kuwana postal station .


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Ise Betsu Kaido 伊勢別街道
Also called
「いせみち」Isemichi, 「参宮道」Sangumichi, 「山田道」Yamadamichi
There were many postal stations along this road, used by many people coming from Kyoto to Ise.

Leaving the the Tokaido at Seki 関宿, via 椋本宿 Mukumoto (Tsu city), 津市一身田 Isshinden in Tsu,
back to the main Ise Kaido at 江戸橋 Edobashi in Tsu city.
At the bridge Edobashi there was a large stone lantern, to keep the place light even at night.




. Sekijuku 関宿 Seki Shukuba Postal Station .




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Ise Hon Kaido, Honkaido 伊勢本街道
From Osaka, Shrine 玉造稲荷神社 Tamatsukuri Inari Jinja, passing 榛原 Haibara, 御杖村 Mitsue village, 横野 Yokono, 奥津 Okutsu, (津市)Tsu city leading to Ise.


- - - - - There are many shido 支道 branch roads leading to the main Ise Kaido.

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Iga Kaido 伊賀街道 Iga Kaido
Connecting Ise with Iga Ueno.
From 津 Tsu via the pass 橡ノ木峠 Tochinoki Toge (also called 長野峠 Nagano Toge, 美里 Misato town
to 伊賀国上野 Iga Ueno.
About 50 km. Now National Highway Nr. 163.
A crossing point was at present-day 松阪市中林町 Matsusaka city, Nakabayashi.

- - - - - A road taken by Matsuo Basho 芭蕉が歩いた伊賀の街道
(1)長野峠(美里村平木~大山田村上阿波1)Pass Nagano Toge
(2)長野峠(美里村平木~大山田村上阿波2)Pass Nagano Toge
(3)平松宿(大山田村平松~下阿波)Hiramatsu juku postal station
(4)平田宿(大山田村中村~平田)Hirata juku
(5)荒木(上野市荒木~西明寺)Araki, Temple Saimyoji
(6)上野(上野市西明寺)Ueno, Temple Saimyoji
- reference source : ict.ne.jp/~basho/guide... -


Igagoe Naramichi 伊賀越奈良道 Road crossing Iga to Nara
Includes most of the roads mentioned below:
伊勢国から伊賀国上野へ至る街道である大和街道・伊賀街道・奈良街道と、伊賀国上野から山城国を経て大和国奈良へ至る街道である笠置街道の総称。奈良街道や伊勢参宮街道に含まれる。
- wikipedia -


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Hase Kaido 初瀬街道
From Hase (in Sakurai city, Nara) to 松阪 Matsuzaka in Mie. The modern spelling of Hase is 長谷.
Also called
Sangu Ura Kaido 参宮表街道 "back road to the Ise Shrine"
Now National Highway Nr. 165.
Exists since about 672, the jinshin no ran 壬申の乱 "war of succession" in the Asuka period.
The main stations are
桜井市 - Sakurai city - 初瀬 Hase
宇陀市 - Uda city - 萩原 Hagihara(伊勢本街道との分岐・追分)
名張市 - Nabari city - 鹿高 Kataka, 名張 Nabari, 新田 Shinden
伊賀市 - Iga city - 阿保 Abo (伊勢路)
津市 - Tsu city - 垣内 Kaido, 二本木 Nihongi, 大仰 Ogyo and 八太 Hatta.
松阪市 - Matsuzaka city - 六軒 Rokken

. Hasedera 長谷寺 Temple Hase-Dera / はつせ Hatsuse .



初瀬街道まつり Hase Kaido Festival
Held in 奈良県桜井市長谷 Hase, Sakurai city, Nara.
- reference source : igayaki.or.jp... -


Jinshin War (壬申の乱 jinshin no ran)
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !


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. Kasagi Kaido 笠置街道 Kasagi Highway .
From 伊賀上野 Iga Ueno to 笠置山 Kasagiyama.
Kasagidera 笠置寺 Temple Kasagi-Dera

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Kamitsumichi 上ツ道 / 上街道 Kami Kaido
An old kandoo 官道 road for officials.
Since the Asuka period, leading from North to South through the plain of Nara.
From 奈良市 Nara to 天理市 Tenri to 桜井市 Sakurai
Now Highway 169.


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Nara Kaido 奈良街道
Also called
Yamato Kaido 大和街道
From Osaka, Shrine 玉造稲荷神社 Tamatsukuri Inare Jinja to 桜井 Sakurai (Nara), then joining the
Hase Kaido 初瀬街道
at 宇陀市 Uda city, on to Ise.

On the way was a pass to cross over, with its own name
Kuragarigoe Nara Kaido (Kuragoshi, Kurayami) 暗越奈良街道 (くらがりごえならかいどう)
The pass 暗峠 Kuragari Toge is 455 m high.
One of the 日本の道100選 100 famous roads of Japan.
There was also the pass 榁木峠 Muronoki Toge (268 m) to cross on the way and
追分梅林 Oiwake Bairin, plum tree forest at Oiwake, 1912 Owadacho, Nara.


浪花百景より : 玉造 Tamatsukuri
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

- - - - - Along this road are more sub-roads :
Furutsutsumi Kaido 古堤街道
Fushimi Kaido 伏見街道
Jusan Kaido 十三街道
Kiyotaki Kaido 清滝街道
Ooto Kaido おおと街道
Shuntoku Kaido 俊徳街道
Takeda Kaido 竹田街道 - Connecting Kyoto with Fushimi
Tateishi Kaido 立石街道
Tatsutagoe Nara Kaido 竜田越奈良街道


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. Takenouchi Kaido 竹内街道 / 竹ノ内街道 .
also called
Yoko-Ooji 横大路 Yoko-Oji, Yokooji


- source and many photos : matsubara city -
難波大道 Naniwa Daido


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Yamato Kaido 大和街道
- see above, Nara Kaido.

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Yamanobe no michi 山辺の道 / 山辺道
One of the old Yamato Kaido roads.
Through the Nara plain to the sacred 三輪山 Mount Miwasan and then to 春日山 Mount Kasugayama.
From Nara to Sakurai, and then on to Ise.


- Look at the large map here:
- reference source : nishida-s.com..yamanobenomichi... -

- quote -
The Yamanobe-no-Michi trail
passes through some of Nara's most historic areas. It is dotted with shrines, temples and ancient tombs. Along the way are many cafes, rest stops and fruit stands in the summer.
... from Tenri to Sakurai takes three to four hours ...
- reference source : visitnara.jp/destinations... yamanobe-no-michi... -


. Miwa san, Miwa yama 三輪山 Mount Miwa .
Shrine Omiwa Jinja 大三輪神社 // Temple Omiwadera 大三輪寺

. Kasuga Taisha 春日大社 Great Shrine in Kasuga .

. Isonokami Jingu 石上神宮 Isonokami Shrine .
The shrine is at the northern end of the Yamanobe no michi, the oldest road in Japan.


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安永餅 Yasunaga mochi

- Mochi Kaido 餅街道 Road of the rice cakes -
From 桑名 Kuwana until the Ise Shrine.
There are many tea stalls on the roadside serving tea and rice cakes. They all have a special taste to offer and are very popular to our day.
There are also many tea stalls along the nearby road to Kumano 熊野街道.
Kuwana was known as Juraku no tsu 十楽の津.

お餅でつなぐ伊勢街道&その手は桑名の都まんじゅう
- reference source : kuwanacci.com/20151024-25motiura... -


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...................................................................... A legend from Nagano 長野県
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下伊那郡 Shimoina district 阿南町 Anan town

okuwa sama, o-kuwa sama オクワ様 / 鍬 venerable hoe
The reason why O-Kuwa sama is venerated:
Around 1860 a group of politicians wanting change started from the Shrine 皇太神宮 Kotai Jingu in Ise. They walked along all the villages of the 伊勢街道 Ise Kaido, carrying the hoe in a palanquin, singing local songs, performing shishimai 獅子舞 lion dances and tried to involve the villagers.
They were not allowed to pass the sekisho 関所 barrier station at 帯川 Obikawa, so they left all their tools there and went back home.
Now they venerate O-Kuwa Sama only in years with a good harvest.


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- - - - - H A I K U and S E N R Y U - - - - -

. Ise Shrine and its KIGO .

. O-Ise-Mairi, Ise Mairi 伊勢参り Ise Shrine Pilgrimage .
Ise sanguu 伊勢参宮(いせさんぐう)
O-kage mairi お陰参り (おかげまいり)"Thanks pilgrimage" or "blessing pilgrimage"
nuke mairi 抜参(ぬけまいり)leaving secretly and beg your way to Ise
isekoo 伊勢講(いせこう)Ise Shrine Group
saka mukae 坂迎え(さかむかえ)



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. kaidoo 街道と伝説 Legends about the old Kaido highways .

. Kaido 街道 Highways - ABC Index .

. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo 江戸の名所 .

. Edo bakufu 江戸幕府 The Edo Government .

. Doing Business in Edo - 商売 - Introduction .

. shokunin 職人 craftsman, craftsmen, artisan, Handwerker .

. senryu, senryū 川柳 Senryu poems in Edo .

. Japanese Architecture - The Japanese Home .

. Interior Design - The Japanese Home .

. Legends and Tales from Japan 伝説 - Introduction .


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[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]
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Posted By Gabi Greve to Edo - the EDOPEDIA - on 8/24/2019 10:22:00 am

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