5 Oct 2017

GOKURAKU - rokujurokubu rokubu pilgrimage


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. Japan - Shrines and Temples - Index .
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rokujuurokubu 六十六部 Rokujurokubu, Rokujuroku Bu pilgrim
sixty-six part circuit pilgrimage
六部(ろくぶ) Rokubu pilgrimage, Rokubu pilgrim / / 六十六部衆
Pilgrim traveling with 66 volumes of the Lotus Sutra


Rokujurokubu Hijiri - kaikoku hijiri 廻国聖 - itinerant Rokubu Pilgrim
六十六部行者 rokujuurokubu gyooja / 六部行者 / rokubu gyoja
六十六部廻国巡礼 rokujurokubu kaikoku junrei



The Rokujurokubu pilgrimage started a long time ago, already mentioned in the 太平記 Taiheiki history written in the 14th century.
There are various ways to do it.
A pilgrim copies the 法華経 Hokekyo Lotus Sutra 66 times and brings a copy each to 66 temples in 66カ国 66 different domains of Japan.
Others carried 66 copies to just one domain of Japan. There were no special temples to bring the sutas to.
Some wore a special robe and hat, others looked more like 山伏 Yamabushi mountain priests.
The pilgrims were thought to possess special powers and were also called 箱根法師 Hakone Hoshi or 箱根権現の僧 Hakone Gongen no So.
Some were considered as semi-religious itinerant beggars who frequented the highways of Edo Japan.
Many begging pilgrims died somewhere on their long road and were burried by the local people.
Some pilgrims promised to heal certain illnesses after their death, if the villagers built a sanctuary for them and venerated there.



During the Edo period the pilgrim could also carry a wooden backpack with a Buddha statue, walk to 66 temples while hitting a kane 鉦 prayer bell and ask for offerings.
Pilgrimages were quite popular during this time as a means to get out of Edo and get a permission to travel freely round the country.
The Rokubu pilgrims were just as popular as the Henro pilgrims in Shikoku.

Some Rokubu pilgrims just walked the 西国巡礼 Saikoku Kannon Pilgrimage to 33 temples twice or went to the 国分寺 Kokubun-Ji domaine temples or 一宮 Ichinomiya domaine Shrines.

. Hokke-kyoo 法華経 Hokekyo, Lotus Sutra, Saddharma-pundariika-suutra .
- Introduction -

The "Record of the origin of the sixty-six part circuit" (Rokujurokubu engi 六十六部縁起), a Muromachi period document,


日本廻国六十六部と四国遍路
Nihon Kaikoku Rokujurokubu and Shikoku Henro : Two Kinds of Japan's Pilgrimages





- 六十六部納経塔 1816年 / 重輪寺入口の石仏
- reference source : blog.goo.ne.jp/sekizoubutu -


- 六十六部廻国供養塔 / 大阪市天王寺区四天王寺2 Osaka
- reference source : city.osaka.lg.jp/kyoiku/page... -

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rokubu-gasa 六部笠 special straw hat for a Rokubu pilgrim
Made of dried igusa イ草 reeds (the same as used for Tatami mats).
The hat is nine inches deep and two feet wide and is laquered black. sometimes with a center top and lower edge laquered chocolate brown. ... this deep hat conceals the face, so it can be worn for the same purpose as the tengai. The Rokubugasa has been adapted for stage wear by all classes.
- - - Kabuki Costume - By Ruth M. Shaver:
- reference source : google books -

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- - - - - Rokubu and Kabuki - - - - -


source : Boston Museum of Fine Arts

初代市川門之助の六十六部 Actor Ichikawa Monnosuke I as a Rokubu Pilgrim



source : Boston Museum of Fine Arts

二代目市川団十郎の六部 Actor Ichikawa Danjûrô II as a Rokubu Pilgrim

other images include
Actor Nakamura Nakazo as a rokuju-rokubu
Actor Matsumoto Kôshirô as Rokubu Pilgrim

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The misfortunes befalling Rokubu and pilgrims
Including various legends about the Rokubu.
- Pilgrimages and Spiritual Quests in Japan - edited by Peter Ackermann, Dolores Martinez, Maria Rodriguez del Alisal
- reference source : google books -


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. Japanese Legends - 伝説 民話 昔話 – ABC-List .


. rokubu Jizoo 六部地蔵 Rokubu Jizo Bosatsu - Legends .


................................................................................. Aomori 青森県 
八戸市 Hachinohe

niwatorizuka 鶏塚 rooster mound
商家の妻が病気で臥せっているところ、訪れた六十六部が床下より北方3間ばかりのところに鶏が埋めてある、と告げた。翌日さっそく言われたところを掘ってみると、生きているかのような白雄鶏が発見された。鶏をつかった呪いであるという。



................................................................................. Chiba 千葉県 
安房郡 Awa district 鋸南町 Kyonan

oni 鬼 demon
On 人骨山 mount Hitoboneyama (human bones) 218 m, there lived a demon, who needed a human sacrifice every year.
Once an itinerant Rokubu came and tried to help them. A strong dog came running from the west and finally drove away the demon.

- 人骨山の鬼伝説 Hitoboneyama (Hitohoneyama) no Oni Densetsu
- reference source : toki.moo.jp/gaten... 145 -

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memorial for Rokubu son 六部尊 in 流山 Nagareyama town



流山市加1丁目
This memorial was erected in 1767 when a Rokubu pilgrim died in the village. They erected a stone memorial and a small hall around it, 六部尊堂, promising to worship there regularly.
But over the years all was forgotten and nobody cared for it any more.


But in 1958 a new hall was built and the neighbors begun to worship again. The hall was renewed in 2014.
- source : wikipedia -


................................................................................. Iwate 岩手県 
奥州市 Oshu town

In the house of a family where a Rokubu had stayed over night, there was a son who had no eyes, nose or mouth. When they poured some powder from a grinder over his head, the hair begun to move and take in the powder.
In another house there was a son who from the waist down looked like a horse.


................................................................................. Kumamoto 熊本県 

kaikoku no hijiri 廻国の聖 Rokubu Pilgrim
人吉の青井社脇の聖権現は廻国の聖が密通して室女を盗んだので遂に共に害せられ、その魂が祟りをなすので祀ったといわれた。


................................................................................. Kyoto 京都府 
竹野郡 Takeno district

daija 大蛇 huge serpent
Around 1775, a farmer from Takeno had killed a huge serpent which had devastated his buckwheat field. Since than, many small snakes had appeared in his home. To appease the soul of the serpent, the farmer decided to become a Rokubu pilgrim and also built a stone memorial. But until further generations of his family, bad luck continued. The water of the river which was filled with the liquid from the dead serpent, was unsuitable not only for humans, but also for horses and cows.




................................................................................. Miyagi 宮城県 

- - - - - . Rokubu Pilgrims in Miyagi .


................................................................................. Nagano 長野県 
松本市 Matsumoto

. Kotaroo Yashiki 小太郎屋敷 The Home of the Kotaro Family .
and 怪猫小太ばば The Monster Cat Kotababa

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kane no oto 鐘の音 sound of the bell
Once a Rokubu was killed by the villagers by mistake and burried in an estate called チンチン屋敷 Chinchin yashiki.
Every night the sound of a bell, like CHINCHIN , was heard in the village. So the villagers kept holding rituals for the Rokubu.

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Nagano 下條村 Shimojo

tatari 祟り the curse
In 中原の洞 the cave of Nakahara an itinerant Rokubu had fallen ill and died. People from nearby made a grave for him. Son after that there was a fire in the neighbourhood. They had a Shaman find out about the origin and he told them, the grave of the Rokubu had been too simple, so he put a curse on them.
They re-built the grave and cared for it more carefully from now on.



................................................................................. Nara 奈良県 


source : blog.livedoor.jp/narasizenjyuku/archives...

六十六部供養碑 Rokujurokubu Kuyo Hi Memorial



................................................................................. Okayama 岡山県 
上房郡 Jobo district 北房町 Hokubo

tsurugi misaki ツルギミサキ
. Misaki ミサキ / 御先 / 御前 / 御崎 The Misaki Deity of Okayama .


................................................................................. Shizuoka 静岡県 
庵原郡 Ihara district 両河内村 Ryogochimura

ryuu no tama 龍の玉 dragon ball
There was a family in posession of a dragon ball. An itinerant Rokubu had left it there as a thank-you present.
If they rub it, eye disease will be healed.

Once the ball was investigated by 大阪の博物館 the Osaka Museum. They found it was one of the two special dragon balls in Japan, the 女玉 Female Ball.
"If someone finds 男玉 the Male Ball, we will buy it immediately!"

. ryuu, ryū 龍 竜 伝説 Ryu - dragon legends .

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oni odori 鬼踊 the dancing demon
Once upon a time, every year at the annual festival a girl had to be offered in a white chest as ikinie 生贄 a human sacrifice.
Once an itinerant Rokukbu thought this was the doing of a Yokai monster. So he put a dog into the chest instread of a girl.
And indeed, 古狸 an old Tanuki badger came to get the offering, was bitten by the dog and died.



................................................................................. Tokushima 徳島県 

. munrokubu no tatari 六十六部の祟り curse of Munrokubu .
and the golden rooster

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- reference : Nichibun Yokai Database -
95 六部 to explore (00)
05 六部 狸 tanuki (01)
07 六部 蛇 snake (00)

ok - 廻国 / 六部 妖怪



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. Japan - Shrines and Temples - Index .

. Onipedia 日本の鬼 The Demons of Japan .


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Posted By Gabi Greve to Gokuraku - Jigoku on 10/02/2017 02:07:00 pm

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